Lee Smolin: Quantum Gravity and Einstein's Unfinished Revolution | Lex Fridman Podcast #79
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- Опубліковано 15 тра 2024
- Lee Smolin is a theoretical physicist, co-inventor of loop quantum gravity, and a contributor of many interesting ideas to cosmology, quantum field theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, theoretical biology, and the philosophy of science. He is the author of several books including one that critiques the state of physics and string theory called The Trouble with Physics, and his latest book, Einstein's Unfinished Revolution: The Search for What Lies Beyond the Quantum.
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• Lex Fridman Podcast
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EPISODE LINKS:
Books mentioned:
- Einstein's Unfinished Revolution by Lee Smolin: amzn.to/2TsF5c3
- The Trouble With Physics by Lee Smolin: amzn.to/2v1FMzy
- Against Method by Paul Feyerabend: amzn.to/2VOPXCD
OUTLINE:
0:00 - Introduction
3:03 - What is real?
5:03 - Scientific method and scientific progress
24:57 - Eric Weinstein and radical ideas in science
29:32 - Quantum mechanics and general relativity
47:24 - Sean Carroll and many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics
55:33 - Principles in science
57:24 - String theory
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I really enjoyed this conversation with Lee. Here's the outline:
0:00 - Introduction
3:03 - What is real?
5:03 - Scientific method and scientific progress
24:57 - Eric Weinstein and radical ideas in science
29:32 - Quantum mechanics and general relativity
47:24 - Sean Carroll and many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics
55:33 - Principles in science
57:24 - String theory
Lex, bud, you gotta let people finish their thoughts before you assault them with more questions.
Oooh, Lee Smolin. Still would have preferred Nima Arkani-Hamed, but this should be a great episode.
Thank you for this great interview! I really love it that you ask the most fundamental questions repeatedly, so we establish the answers! Really great job! Thank you!
Thanks! I suggested him recently in a comment to you, and coincidently or not, here he is! :) Your podcasts are excellent. :)
David Deutsch please!!!
He has a really clear categorization of his beliefs, assumptions, and level of expertise. It is refreshing to hear statements like "I haven't studied that theory sufficiently to comment on it".
absolutely
“...the theoretical physics community. This community has its respected academics,its naked emperors, it’s outcasts and its revolutionaries, it’s madmen and it’s dreamers.” - What a beautiful description!
its*
Smolin is a genius and a great man. Humble, honest and sincere
This conversation is so good, I am enjoying listening to it multiple times. Lots of great insights to unpack in every listening. Thanks Lex!
Thanks, for being a bridge, between us and those leading brightest people.
Like Elon Musk and Joe Rogan
Blessing us with great content Lex
This is a very good podcast in general. Lex raises the level of difficulty understanding the material, but still unwraps it into form for someone who wants to know more about a subject, but still lacks the technical understanding one would gain from studying the subject.
Already looking forward to seeing the second appearance of Lee on your podcast. Great interview!
It would be awesome if you could get Terence Tao or Ed Witten!!
great suggestions
Nima Arkani Hamed, Juan Maldacena,...
Terry Tao, yessir!
Witten would be dooooooope!
That would be a next level conversation
As a layman, Lee Smolin is one of my favorite physicists. I've heard some of his lectures before, and his ideas are extremely refreshing in regards to the nature of reality, time, and philosophy of science. I only wish he was younger so he had more time to really follow through with them.
Lee is on the right track, but he hasn't yet gone far enough. Both quantum theory and relativity theory are flawed. Each has some incorrect assumptions. Melding those 2 theories won't eliminate those incorrect assumptions. But here's the good news. The theory all realists want already exists. My unifying physics theory, matter theory, is a realist theory which explains 23 fundamental physics observables the standard model can not explain. Also, matter theory permanently eliminates from physics theory the illogic of all 6 current professionally used physics theories. Search keywords: matter theory marostica.
Lex had harf time connecting but I hope he gives it a 2nd listen one day and get the WOW I got fron this podcast. Lee has some very good 1st principles ideas here❤️
Thank you so much for having Dr. Smolin on. One of my favorite lecturers and writers on physics.
are his lecture available online?
Wheels on the luggage. Wow, that statement was so profound!
Profound metaphore and bold statement?
Not really because some people prefer to keep things simple and carry a bag. Sometimes simpler is better. Also, you need nice flat smooth flooring and no steps for wheels on a bag to make sense. It wouldn’t surprise me if they all considered adding wheels to their bags and then thought - no it’s easier without.
what are the wheels representing in this metaphor ?
Love this podcast. I like your inclusion of philosophy.
By far one of the greatest guests on the show. Thank you so much for this podcast Lex. The nature of time being more fundamental than space and events that cause events within the causality of the speed of light was a major breakthrough to me. The notion that the order of causality being a non-spatial property of time is revolutionary. Lee Smolin is an absolute genius.
I don't remember him actually mentioning the speed of light and I think that was deliberate. I think the problem with trying to use the speed of light as a way of understanding causality and emergent space from fundamental time is putting the cart before the horse; how do you define speed without first defining distance (space)?
Lee Smolin is a great thinker of our time.
Great job Lex for bringing him onboard your ship for questioning :)
the luggage thing got me rolling on the floor
Mein Gott, this is fantastic! Guest suggestions: Grigori Perelman; Edward Witten; Douglas Hofstadter; Cosma Rohilla Shalizi.
You'd have more luck reanimating Dirac's corpse for a podcast than getting Grigori Perelman to be involved in any kind of a conversation. Not that I wouldn't want that.
@@ProjectNoid Just you wait ;-)
@@lexfridman can you bring Joe Rogan??
@@ProjectNoid want what? reanimating Dirac's corpse?
@@AndDiracisHisProphet Yes, that too.
Lex, please, interview William Gibson. It is a wish dear to my heart.
Thank you for all the hours of ingenious interviews!
Love you Lex! Keep it up
Just found you Lex and want to say thanks for making this content from all my heroes in Physics easily accessible. KUDOS
Yet another fascinating talk. Thank you for the great content!
At this point i'm pressing like before I watch the episode.
At this point I'm pressing like before I finish reading your comment.
That rather defeats the purpose of the Like button.
not only the guest is important, the questions and bouncing of ideas is aswell. you do it very well.
Lee is among my top 5 favorite thinkers. I am not inclined to quarrel with him.
I like how his ideas emerges in popular literature, for example in Peter Watts books. By the way, it would be wonderful if Lex could invite him to this podcast.
Wow, another big name, Lex. Please keep 'em coming!
Great conversation; I love it. Thanks Lex.
Lex we need a second part with Lee!!
Amazing interview, Lex. Thanks!
I’d also very much love to hear Dr. Smolin discuss his ideas in depth with Sean Carroll on Sean’s podcast. I’ve said the same to Sean online.
That happened!
@@rohityadavade5528 Yes it did!
Keep up the great work lex! 👍🏻
So great to see Feyerabend taken seriously by such a brilliant mind as Professor Smolin. Feyerabend is not universally admired I think it's fair to say but his arguments are very important to take on board.
Thanks for writing the man's name in the comments. I've never heard that name and would never have been able to find his writing without your comment.
I take a shot of russian vodka whenever Lex says "linger".
Ice Cold Vodka
amazing. been a fan of Lee's for years. never knew what he looked like though.
great conversation. enjoyed myself immensely. ty
Excellent podcast Lex, you da man. A+
I really enjoy the podcast you do ! Thank you Lex !
Thank you, Lex, again and again and again, for doing THIS!
I enjoyed this conversation.
:-)
These podcasts are of great value to me.
:-)
Lee’s final statement beautifully expresses a general principle of science world being able to reorganise and see beyond some of the impactless divisions.
haven't even gotten into the interview yet but DAMN great intro Lex.!
What a great and accurate description of the ethics and training required to be a good scientist.
Smolin is wonderful! What an exemplar!
Lee is such a valuable influence to the physics community! ❤️
What an ambitious interview
What about the breakthroughs in thermodynamics that took place from the late-18th to the 19th centuries that enabled developments/ applications in chemistry, states of matter, and inventions such as the steam engine?
Wow great conversation! It would be cool if you could get a couple people from varying fields to converse together.
What appears be an ultimate appeal through understanding to intuition seems to reify the foundational reality of our sense perception complex .
Third, but first at heart.
Your content is excellent.
You inspire the world to pursue knowledge and higher learning.
Education is critical to saving the universe.
Why does the universe need saving
really enjoyed listening to Lee Smolin
It may sound lazy, but it would be nice if you put links in the description to the podcasts you recommend also listening to in the podcast intro.
Wonderful conversation 👍👌
Wonder if you ever could interview Neil Turok, i realy like his views, and thanks for a amazing channel.
I really admire Mr. Smolin.
I think it's available right here and now to experience the absolute reality. Meditators have done it for thousands of years.
Yoooooooo! On a Saturday night!?!? We love you lex! SALUTE
Lex Fridman. Many thanks for sharing the statements of such a wise scientist, seeker of the answer to the question: what is closer to the truth?
One of the most beautiful people and one of the most beautiful podcasts ever made Lex. He has a fantastic mind. It's absolutely fantastic you found him and were able to get him.
One of the most brilliant minds I’ve listen to in 2020,Thank you for this podcast Lex. Conversations like these give me hope for a better tomorrow. Understanding reality is a very beautiful abstraction. Reality itself is a special force that exist with in the universal truth of human nature. Love everything you do, god bless you!
Had to bring god into the equation
LoL 😂 ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️wash your hands
The luggage thing came to mind about months ago while carrying hockey equipment. I had to fumble the whole way out from of the car open the doors hurt my back twist and turned with the strap on the bag. I made my thoughts very present in clear to other people I don’t think they understood what I was trying to tell them. How long did it take to put wheels on a bag? How long does it take to have a robotic bag to tracks and follows you through a parking lot, shopping centre, airport, or mall? I don’t belong here! I’m sad 😞
Wonderful Lex! And thanks so much Prof Lee!
Theoretical and Practical Approach at the same time, and let the Nature open the secret.
Hope we, Homosapiens could pass the very now challenges peacefully, wisely...
Dear Mr Fridman and Professor Smollin, Thanks to you Mr Fridman, you offer a platform for global debate. Professor Smollin has stimulated my thinking into realizing (rightly or wrongly) that what time is basically is the ‘consciousness’ of the universe. What do I mean by that? What I mean is that time allows the mind to comprehend the series of events that follow one after into what we call the past. The present is time showing us its face in fleeting images of unfolding events. Nature has evolved what we call time as simply the way one can put cascading events into a pattern. Time allows events to be categorized. Because it is invisible, we have trouble defining it, but it is really the tool that nature has devised to show the continuum of existence. Professor Smollin may be correct in saying the future has not been mapped out. My theoretical ideas are what comes out of my brain when I pose the question of what time is. Whether or not it is relevant, only time will tell!
There is a quantum leap between "time allows events to happen in sequence" and "time is the consciousness of the universe". One does not follow from the other.
@@empyrionin GGGGGGGGGGreat to hear from you. What I believe is that what we percieve as consciousness is in fact what the universe provides for all and everything to tune in to for its instructions per se on how to live or exist. Time is most likely the wheels and motor of consciousness. Nothing can move without time, not thoughts, hot material
objects, not the progression of all things.
Way to go Lex, thanks
Hi Folks! Many of the concepts discussed here can be further explored in the work of Carlo Ravelli. I recently finished reading his book Helgoland, and many of the points/clarifications that Lee is trying to get across to Lex are much clearer to me having read that book. I encourage others to explore that as well. The book is beautifully written and digestible to the non-specialist.
Lee and Lex, Quantum Gravity and the theory, mathematic, laws, reproducible experiments and observations that underpinned it, is crucial for an empirical real true Quantum Theory of Gravity that would finish Einstein's Revolution in physics. The Mathematics that we have today can't solve the problem of quantum gravitation.
Mathematics is invented and discovered. That's my personal experience. I've invented/discovered a completely new mathematics in the course of my 30-year-long basic research on Quantum Gravity in Singapore. I called it Majulah Matematika in honour of my home country Singapore. I use it to solve one of the most difficult conundrums in physics- the True Nature of Gravity.
Here is one of the many solutions that my new mathematics has derived: A Computer Universe that is real. It is run by Quantum Gravitational Computation, Quantum Gravitational Entanglement and Quantum Gravitation covering the entire Universe. An empirical Theory of Quantum Gravity is the key. And it will led us to understanding of how and why Gravity works. It will also at the same time, debunk and invalidate String Theory, Loop Quantum Gravity, M Theory, Theory of General Relativity and all failed and wrong theories of gravity. But it will proved and validate Einstein's Hidden Variables and EPR's authors Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen correct. The Hidden variables are: Quantum Gravity, Quantum Anti-Gravity, Quantum Neutral Gravity, the macroscopic cosmic scale Gravitational Quantum Entanglement and Gravitational Quantum Computation. All these would complete the Quantum Foundation, Unification of Gravity with Quantum Mechanics and the realization of Theory of Everything in Physics.
I have discovered and cracked the code of the true nature of Gravity in my over 30 years of basic research works in Singapore. This discovery/invention/theory of mine include THE GOD EQUATION - THE TRINITY Equations, Laws and Codes For QUANTUM GRAVITATION , QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL ENTANGLE MENT and GRAVITATIONAL QUANTUM COMPUTATION that pave the way for Theory of Everything in Physics: - THE 3-in-1 HOLY GRAILS of Physics:
1. Quantum Anti-Gravity/Spin Up Quantum Gravitational Entanglement/0 Rhu Bit or R Bit:
QAG = ∆QGOρ < ∆QGFρ = ↑α
2. Quantum Gravity/Spin Down Quantum Gravitational Entanglement/1 Rhu Bit or R Bit:
QG = ∆QGOρ > ∆QGFρ = ↓α
3. Quantum Neutral Gravity/Superposition Quantum Gravitational Entanglement/01 and/or 10 Rhu Bit or R Bit:
QNG = ∆QGOρ = ∆QGFρ = ↑↓α
We now have a working Quantum Theory of Gravity that is testable and complete with reproducible empirical experiments with the same results if repeated over and over again and again, confirmed by empirical observations in nature with 7-Sigma level results, guided by empirical Laws, Cosmic/Universal Computation and physical/mathematical Trinity God Equations that are predictive, precise and does no collapse even in high energies of Big Bang and singularity of Black Hole. FYI: Quantum Gravity or Quantum Gravitation have three types that are equivalent to and manifested by Quantum Computational Gravitation- the biggest and most powerful Computer Software Program and Hardware in the Universe and Quantum Gravitational Entanglement - a Quantum Entanglement at Macroscopic Cosmic Scale namely: 1. Quantum Anti-Gravity = Spin Up Quantum Entanglement State; 2. Quantum Neutral Gravity = Superposition Quantum Entanglement State; and 3. Quantum Gravity = Spin Down Quantum Entanglement State.
More detailed information could be found on the published papers 2 years ago in London, Paris, and Zurich, online and at the two scientific Journals ACADEMIA and REAL TRUE NATURE. Alternatively, you can google the name of the author ROEL REAL ROVIRA to arrive at the published paper on Quantum Gravity.
Most recently, additional two well respected scientific journals namely NATURE and the AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY APS Physical Review Journals have officially invited this author to submit manuscripts on his Research on Quantum Gravity for publication for PRX QUANTUM in preparation for a celebration for International Year of Quantum IYQ 2025 to showcase the best papers of the year.
Quantum Gravitation is governed by and follow the Trinity Laws, Mathematics and Physics of Quantum Gravitation, Gravitational Quantum Computation and Quantum Gravitational Entanglement. We now have a new Laws of Physics and two newly discovered Fundamental Forces of Nature - The Quantum Neutral Gravity and Quantum Anti-Gravity which completed the heart of the Quantum Theory of Gravity published in London. Paris and Zurich last December 2022 as follows:
1. First Law of Quantum Gravitation: Rovira’s Universal Law of Quantum Gravitation:
“The greater mass density of gravitating Quantum Objects than the Quantum
Gravitational Field causes a downward acceleration of the Quantum Objects in a
Quantum Gravitational Field instantaneously mediated by Graviton.”
- Roel Real Rovira
Equation for Quantum Gravity, and Spin Down Quantum Gravitational Entanglement:
QG = ∆QGOρ > ∆QGFρ = ↓α
Where:
QG is Quantum Gravity in Rovira (value of downward acceleration force due to quantum gravity) in kg.
∆QGOρ is Differential Change in greater mass density of Quantum Gravitating Objects than the mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
∆QGFρ is Differential Change in mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
↓α is the Resultant Downward Acceleration of Gravitating Quantum Objects in mtr/sec.
2. Second Law of Quantum Gravitation: Rovira’s Universal Law of Quantum Anti-Gravity.
“The lesser mass density of gravitating Quantum Objects than the Quantum Gravitational
Field causes an upward acceleration of the Quantum Objects in a Quantum Gravitational
Field instantaneously mediated by Graviton.”
-Roel Real Rovira
Equation for Quantum Anti-Gravity/Spin Up Quantum Gravitational Entanglement:
QAG = ∆QGOρ < ∆QGFρ = ↑α
Where:
QAG is Quantum Anti-Gravity in Rovira (value of upward acceleration force due to quantum anti-gravity) in kg.
∆QGOρ is Differential Change in lesser mass density of Quantum Anti-Gravitating Objects than the mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
∆QGFρ is Differential Change in mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
↑α is the Resultant Upward Acceleration of Anti-Gravitating Quantum Objects in mtr/sec.
3. Third Law of Quantum Gravitation: Rovira’s Law of Quantum Neutral Gravitation.
“The equal mass density of gravitating Quantum Objects and the Quantum Gravitational
Field causes a zero acceleration or floating or hoovering of the gravitating Quantum Objects
in a Quantum Gravitational Field, instantaneously mediated by Graviton.”
- Roel real Rovira
Equation for Quantum Neutral Gravity and Superposition Quantum Gravitational Entanglement:
QNG = ∆QGOρ = ∆QGFρ = ↑↓α
Where:
QNG is Quantum Neutral Gravity in Rovira (value of zero acceleration force due to quantum neutral gravity) in kg.
∆QGOρ is Differential Change in equal mass density of Quantum Neutral Gravitating Objects to the mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
∆QGFρ is Differential Change in mass density of Quantum Gravitational Field in kg/m2 or g/cm3.
↑↓0α is the Resultant zero acceleration or non-acceleration of Neutral Gravitating Quantum Objects in mtr/sec.
For more detailed information on these 3-in-1 Trinity Laws and Equations for Quantum Gravitation, Gravitational Quantum Computation, and Quantum Gravitational Entanglement - The Real True Nature of Quantum Gravitation, look it up at the two scientific journals ACADEMIA and REAL TRUE NATURE or google the name of the author ROEL REAL ROVIRA.
Copyright 2022 ROEL REAL ROVIRA. All Rights Reserved.
I love these conversations, they are so interesting. Regarding Smolin's definition of realism, he says it is a belief. Beliefs are creations of the human mind.
realism, yes. reality? to be determined
0:52 What's the correct pronunciation of "Susskind"?
Lee's idea of each type of particle or molecule having its own "view" of the universe, and thus linking every single one of these particles with one another of the same type, and differentiates them from other particles with other "views", because they have different properties. And creates a kind of cosmic web of objects of the same type with one another, which could possibly explain things such as quantum entanglement and instantaneous action at a distance, is really fascinating.
Which also offers a predictive model for understanding memory; what Feyman described as 'last weeks potato remembering what a skin cell should be'
Very much enjoyed this conversation. Makes me feel normal.
Instaliked based on title alone
What a kind man. I’m very impressed.
Amazing as usual 😁😁😁😁
Such a good discussion
Why does time enter in Einsteins equations and not relative time ( the speed of time relative to a reference ) this way it would feel more like a space coordinate, the C factor would disapear. Actually everything seems only to exists relative to somethings else, length, time, speed
40:33 "Action at a distance" involves waves that transmit energy and information.
Water: The water waves. Sound: The air molecules wave. EMF: The photons wave. Gravity: The Space-Time fabric waves.
I can visualize "Action at a distance" as Holograms - a directed "Action at a distance". Photons can now be steered using the physics of waves to display images in midair, real holograms; no opaque background is needed. Watch "Holograms are real (and I just talked to one)", an updated report on hologram technology called "SolidLight", published by CNET on February, 12, 2023.
Fascinating thx
xD 10:15 Yo I'm a scientist!
Been laughing so hard all day since i listen the podcast this morning. I search it in video just for this part 😂😂😂
It's even funnier when contrasted with his overall slow manner of speaking. So unexpected :)
I love how this guy doesn't take anything as certain forever, even if it seems so as proven here and now, doesn't mean it won't change later. I also wonder if some of our 'constants' change depending on place in the universe, not just time. So much we don't know and many so called scientists ought to make sure they remember that every day.
Lex I’ve been working on my own theory around causality. I described an event as change, and causality as change changing change. How time get mixed into this combination of semantics is a mystery to me.
Smolin has an attractive thoughtfulness and intellect. I like how he sometimes struggles to articulate the deeper constructs his brilliant mind is bubbling up to consciousness.
I like Lee Smolin, but I subscribed because the intro by Lex totally reminds me of Rod Serling.
This fine gentleman is a hero. Physics should listen to the man.
It just seems Lex can get all the big daddies on his broadcast. Here is the challenge, Shinichi Mochizuki.
We exist in the "first moment" of time, thats how there are infinite possibilities, rather than time have moved. Only space moves
I have been following Lee Smolin since around 2008. He wrote a book called “The trouble with physics” in which he clearly described in a very down to earth manner what the key unsolved problems are in physics. I very much admire the integrity of this man, he really does so well in explaining all this complex stuff to non-trained-physicists.
At one point he wrote (I paraphrase): “The public, the people, those are the ultimate patrons of science”.
That to me is very important and I wholeheartedly agree with Lee. But it requires the public to take a interest and value the work and efforts of people like Lee and so many others who try to explain their efforts and discoveries.
One personal note: discovering that you do not know or what you do not know, is also discovery.
I pray that you stay with us for a very long time. Respect.
To the interviewer: You should have asked him what it means that we to this day after so many decades after Einstein’s death, still do not understand the finer details of quantum entanglement.
Lex-please ask a theoretical physicist, such as Lee Smolin, more interesting and in-depth physics questions-so we can learn much more about physics
25:06 About the Luggage: Flat Surfaces are a relatively modern invention. Before that you had bricks and mud and uneven floorboards. So, It wasn't a fact of nobody had thought of it. The fact was that it wasn't practical back then.
Expanding this idea to thoughts, it also may be the case that: It simply is not practical to think in a more "correct" way until certain "surfaces" of thought have been "flattened".
I don't know what that means, but, meh. Whatever. !
"Flat Surfaces are a modern invention" - Better lay off that crack pipe
Zenchess
Would you be happier if I said: the wide adoption of flat surfaces into almost all facets of life-
@@skierpage tru tru
@@skierpage very nice.
Went looking for this comment and found it. Before uniform surfaces people did use carts and wagons. I believe your metaphor is more accurate which alleviates the accusation of human nature as being naturally flawed (original sin). The expansion of your metaphor defines how ideas are reduced from complexity which provides a landscape for information that is new or significant to be expressed, recognized, and adopted. The inaccuracy of the metaphor is anywhere these newly flattened surfaces are perceived as totally detached from the process of applying new information for that was how it found the significance. It was why the surfaces were flattened.
great podcast
I always enjoy listening to this guy.
Lex... Please don't confuse physics with unproven evolutionary assumptions.
With the awareness of the critical role of information, I find design a much more credible explanation for our being.
Regarding 'Einstein carried his luggage' at 25:00 it might be interesting to check Robert Shiller's 'Narrative Economics' pp. 38-39 about suitcases with wheels. Shiller writes that the patent for trunks on wheels is from 1887 and he tells how it finally succeeded and went viral when flight crews adopted the Rollaboards in the 1990s.
Listening to these podcasts is like a great book. Reading it just once and thinking you caught everything is not logical.
Lex has a nice humility about him.
As I watch this one morning it brings an old question in my mind. Something that I can only describe as crystilazation. Is there some force arriving from a quantum level. That sort of makes one point in space the same as that which is around it. Like if you had a ton of sticks on a plane all formed in the shape of a plus all about a foot long. If there is one set of sticks in the shape of a v that will snap to a plus given a big enough plane? I mean it may not work like that but I have always wondered if it happens and under what conditions it would occur.
Amazing and beautiful thanks Lex
Would love to se Ed Witten on the podcast!
You are doing grate a lots of great jobs
Our human perception and imagination is real. Therefore everything is real. We perceive reality through our organic structure. That means we don't perceive all of reality but it doesn't mean we 'imagine' or 'create' the outside world in our minds.
The energy packets or quanta exist in that form because of the "pressure" of dark energy. Dark energy also keeps lights speed a constant....in my view.
1.) length is not changing, 1 meter is certain amount of wavelengths, just the rulers are moving. 1 metre should be measured using cesium clock in free fall and that amount of wavelengths helps us in turn to get proper time when moving
2.) everything visible (to us) is in 3 dims, it is moving (change in arrangement) ie causality and "time"; everything visible emerges from places ("extra" dims) which were not visible and these contains something what is able to be visible. That is the same place where first is nothing visible, it changes and there is something visible. Like moving photon ie "moving" ripple and these ripples are just like falling pieces of domino, one by one. So "extra" dims are everywhere filling all space - in vacuum in the same place can something not visible change into something visible . And that can change back to vacuum (not visible state). There are actually only 3 dims but there are places we "see" and places we dont. We have theories about visibles but we know little if something about what is happening with that not visible. We have to figure it out ie we should thing like creator - how could we create the world. We have some pieces of big puzzle already. Turns out that not visible state is fundamental and visible state needs extra energy (movement). Like moving with electron causes that something not visible to change into visible. And that first hit hits something not visible what turns into visible, it its next door not visible neighbor and that forst neighbor by this hitting turns back to invisible state, that already visible neighbor makes the same and so on. This transition between neighbors last and thats why speed of causality/light is that constant maximum. And atom means that some visibles are trapped in certain space structure. And gravity is just influence of that something not visible on our visible world. And maybe in the not visible world there is no speed limit (no transition needed), maybe this allows "spooky action at the distance" or thats why gravity is large distance "force" (influences that visible on large distances).
Language is by far the most important invention followed by writing and saving that writting then math or along w it