Perhaps you can tell I recorded this one like an hour after waking up - my voice is a little gravellier than usual! Anyway, this is the first non-Indo-European language in this series - it was a fun one to research, hopefully I've done it as much justice as my other videos. Let me know what else you want to see, but until then, I'll see you next month for hopefully another conlang video! :D
Perhaps researching about how Chinese evolved would be interesting for you? Since the difference between Proto-Sino-Tibetan and modern Standard Chinese is enormous.
The first non-IE language in the series! As a native Indonesian speaker it's fascinating to see how differently the Polynesian languages evolve from familiar roots.
Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed! Semitic languages are difficult due to patchy understanding of their histories, but a well-documented American language could be possible - I'll have to think. My current thought is that I'll return to IE next time, but try another family after that. We'll see. :D
4:55 I am Mexican and after Spanish, English and Portuguese, I speak Filipino/Tagalog, Chavacano, a little bit of Ilonggo, a little bit of Cebuano and a little bit of Ilocano So, I recognized all these words
Wow, in that last list your Māori pronunciation is very good, though not always correctly stressed - you've got a better 'r' than most non-Māori New Zealanders ;) One thing though - 'au' is a diphthong that's pretty much English 'ǝ𝜐' so 'au' (I/me) and 'kau' (tree, though 'rākau' is the common word nowadays) are pronounced 'oh' and 'koh'. If I can presume to make a suggestion, perhaps presenting the lists in a progressive table so we can also visually understand the regular changes taking place would be more engaging - I dutifully sat through each list but would've loved to see the changes, both recent and over time. Anyway, great video!
Thank you! I understood going in that I wouldn't nail it, but I'm glad I got it somewhat decent. My research mentioned the "au" thing, but I struggled to hear it in the recordings, so I went with what I could hear. I have considered doing the videos like that and while I do see the merit, I don't think it'd work for this format. I might do something like that in future, as I did for my video with Roz, but it probably won't happen in this series. Thank you so much for your comment, though! :D
A few years ago, a group of us were visiting Northland. I remember us asking (in English) a native speaker of Te Reo about a certain kauri tree. We pronounced kauri as cow-ree. His own pronunciation sounded to my ear almost like Coddy, with the flapped R, and the AU pronounced very close.
9:55 I definitely could hear this European influence. Whenever I hear the Maori language, it sounds like a Polynesian language spoken with a New Zealand English accent. I noticed those aspirated letters of p, t, and k as well in the language. I'm pretty sure that's what happened with those same letters in Hawaiian, excluding "t" because Hawaiian doesn't have it (other than in the Niihau dialect).
Worth noting I'm not a native, but hopefully I got it close enough. I haven't heard much Hawaiian, but I imagine it does have a strong influence. It'd be interesting to hear a Ni'ihau speaker - they might use non-aspirated forms. :)
You picked an excellent subject to cover, and your explanation is just the right amount of slow and detailed to make it easy to understand without becoming boring or overwhelming. Liked 👍
I speak Indonesian and Javanese (both are Austronesian), and I could trace the similarities with Maori. I would love to see Indonesian and Javanese evolution too!
i watch your videos for some time now, they are very comforting to watch, and good introductory for my interest to kindle up. i liked austronesian languages very much as soon as i recognized their existence, more of that would be awesome. thank you and keep it up!
the most banger evolution video so far! i have some suggestions of languages you could consider? 1. mandinka or wolof i think would be pretty intresting, but i know the history of them dont have a lot of documentation. Maybe another african language like KiSwahili or isiZulu or isiXhosa or something. 2. are you planning to do this for english? it would be very interesting if you did.
I agree that those would probably be quite hard to do those languages, though if I ever think it possible, I'll certainly consider them! I will do English at some point, but it goes fully the other way - there's so much work been done, it may be hard to sift through, so I'm putting it off for now. :)
Thank you, I'm glad you enjoyed it! Enough people have now suggested Indonesian that I'll certainly consider doing it. It won't be the next one, or even the one after, but perhaps in future, it'd be fun, and certainly interesting. :)
Fascinating. I’m Indonesian, but being from Borneo, I notice similarities with words in some of our island’s languages and dialects, like ‘nifo’ = ‘nipon/nipen’ and ‘manu’ = ‘manuk,’ which aren’t commonly found in standard Indonesian (our national language).
Didn't expect us to leave the Indo European family, but this is pretty cool! The austronesian languages are quite the well-travelled family. What resources did you consult to build the lists of sound changes and irregular shifts? The semantic changes can be interesting, like the proto-austronesian word for ghost also being the word for owl. Did they name ghosts for the stealthiness of owls, or owls that because they flew almost invisible like ghosts? It seems the proto-Oceanic "q" becomes proto-Polynesian glottal stop, but I don't see what in the sound change list indicates that.
Owl in Indonesian is Ghost Bird, Burung Hantu. Hantu, Ghost, would seem to be a reflex of qaNiCu from the PAN list given here. The similarity of Hantu to Haunt (and an anagram to boot) is one of those wonderful coincidences that turn up a lot in languages.
I closed all my tabs after I finished writing this, but here are a couple of sources I've managed to dig back out: Biggs, B. "The History of Polynesian Phonology". In Wurm, S.A. andCarrington, L. editors, Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings. C-61:691-716. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978. DOI:10.15144/PL-C61.691 Otsuka, Y. (2005). History of Polynesian Languages Ross, M., Pawley, A. and Osmond, M. (1998). The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic: Material culture. Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Sorry for the messiness of referencing style - just thrown this together before I go out. There are also a couple of changes on the Index diachronica, though I had to thoroughly vet those before using them. I've also of course used Blust's comparative Austronesian dictionary, which is honestly indispensible in this kind of work. Semantic changes certainly are fascinating. This video obviously focuses on phonological change, but I could definitely talk about some of the semantic shifts involved for just as long. I don't know which meaning of *qaNiCu is primary - may have to look that one up. *q did absolutely > *ʔ. Did I forget to write it down‽ If so, that's so annoying! Good job it's a fairly obvious one. Thanks for watching and for your engagement! :D
This was fascinating. I’m a Kiwi living in Jakarta with some knowledge of Māori, Indonesian and Toba Batak. After reading Robert Blust's tome on the Austronesian languages, I made a list of cognates that Māori has with Indonesian and Batak. Some are obvious, like lima-rima. Others are more unexpected. For example, according to Wikipedia, the Māori word iwi (bone, people, tribe) derives from Proto-Oceanic suRi, meaning thorn or fish bone. There would seem to be a connection with Indonesian Duri, meaning thorn, spike, spine or fish bone. Hence Durian, the spiky fruit. This video allowed me to add a few more cognates to my list. I'm annoyed with myself that I never saw the connection between Batak Borngin (night) and Māori Pō, despite knowing both words for quite some time now.
I don't not believe it. If I see convincing evidence, I'm definitely open to it, but it has not yet been proven beyond reasonable doubt. I think it's fairly likely from what I have seen, but there are still issues that must be resolved before a genuine judgment may be cast. :)
i don't think there is any problem with your voice, actually slow pace (if you call it that way) really helps information to sink in, and i like your pronounciation
Hm, that one'd be a little tricky. Because Japanese is the way it is, I think I'd struggle to get a full enough picture. I can certainly think on it though - it would no doubt be an interesting one to do if ever I find a way to do so. :)
Yeah. And some other East Asian proto-languages have similar words, like proto-Kra-Dai *maTā, so if there is further relation, as is sometimes proposed, this word could go back even further! :)
From a quick search, they're related but not direct cognates. The ma- of *matuqaS is actually a prefix, so mertua contains the *tuqaS, just with a different initial element. :)
Sadly I don't speak the language, no. It is a fascinating language, though, and it's lovely to see a native watching. Hopefully I didn't mess up your lovely language too much! ;D
Yeah, I used not to be able to do a trill, but since I've learned, I've kind of forgotten the tap lol. It is hard word-initially, though - presumably why so many languages don't allow it in that position. :)
What's wrong at 3:24? Not a glitch I should worry about? Those correspondences are almost certainly just coincidences. One or two similar consonants doesn't signify a genetic relationship unless it's systematic, which it isn't to our knowledge. Also, Sikan doesn't correspond to péysķs very much - did you mean to put something else there? :)
@@LexisLangno, it’s just because what you said sounded like a certain… word. But how I think of it is: egu. (Ph)sikņ Duxa -aku. -sikan. -Dusa -egh2 -peisks. -Dwoh1. This could also hint the pronunciation of the h1 sound. Indonesian (pun REALLY not intended) surely absolutely doesn’t exist. But an older relation… Could
Hi, I'm a Māori speaker... your pronunciation of the au diphthong is a bit off, and aspiration is non-universal, usually only occurring on stressed syllables Also /t/ before /i u/ becomes [ts] The pronunciation of /u/ as [ʉ] is also not universal for all speakers, except after /a n t ɾ/ where it's more often heard than not
@LexisLang I appreciate you taking your time to make this video. I found it interesting, and it's incredibly rare to find Māori highlighted in a video like this, so thank you! Thanks for responding too in a positive way!
Perhaps you can tell I recorded this one like an hour after waking up - my voice is a little gravellier than usual! Anyway, this is the first non-Indo-European language in this series - it was a fun one to research, hopefully I've done it as much justice as my other videos. Let me know what else you want to see, but until then, I'll see you next month for hopefully another conlang video! :D
Perhaps researching about how Chinese evolved would be interesting for you? Since the difference between Proto-Sino-Tibetan and modern Standard Chinese is enormous.
@@yuuhemi Oh, absolutely. That'd be a fun one at some point. I considered it for this video before I opted for maori. :D
Please do Tagalog, as a Filipino I'm interested how our language is formed
The first non-IE language in the series! As a native Indonesian speaker it's fascinating to see how differently the Polynesian languages evolve from familiar roots.
It's nice to branch out! And I'm happy to have native Austronesians watching - glad you find it interesting! :D
@@LexisLangJust like how the Austronesian languages have branched out from proto-Austronesian
also, love from another native Indonesian speaker
Its nice to see other indonesians having hobbies in linguistics!!
I’m so happy so see a non-PIE lang in this series!! maybe Maltese or an Amerindian language next time?
Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed! Semitic languages are difficult due to patchy understanding of their histories, but a well-documented American language could be possible - I'll have to think. My current thought is that I'll return to IE next time, but try another family after that. We'll see. :D
4:55 I am Mexican and after Spanish, English and Portuguese, I speak Filipino/Tagalog, Chavacano, a little bit of Ilonggo, a little bit of Cebuano and a little bit of Ilocano
So, I recognized all these words
How similar do they seem to you? Philippine languages are of course a different branch, so how close would you say they are? :)
where do you learn philipine local languagrs?
@@LexisLangthe cognates are mostly recognizable. like between european languages.
Wow, thank you for this video. The Maori language and history of its phonology is actually interesting. With respect and love from Kazakhstan! 🇰🇿❤
Рахмет! It is very interesting, I'm glad you enjoyed! :D
Wow, in that last list your Māori pronunciation is very good, though not always correctly stressed - you've got a better 'r' than most non-Māori New Zealanders ;) One thing though - 'au' is a diphthong that's pretty much English 'ǝ𝜐' so 'au' (I/me) and 'kau' (tree, though 'rākau' is the common word nowadays) are pronounced 'oh' and 'koh'. If I can presume to make a suggestion, perhaps presenting the lists in a progressive table so we can also visually understand the regular changes taking place would be more engaging - I dutifully sat through each list but would've loved to see the changes, both recent and over time. Anyway, great video!
Thank you! I understood going in that I wouldn't nail it, but I'm glad I got it somewhat decent. My research mentioned the "au" thing, but I struggled to hear it in the recordings, so I went with what I could hear.
I have considered doing the videos like that and while I do see the merit, I don't think it'd work for this format. I might do something like that in future, as I did for my video with Roz, but it probably won't happen in this series.
Thank you so much for your comment, though! :D
A few years ago, a group of us were visiting Northland. I remember us asking (in English) a native speaker of Te Reo about a certain kauri tree. We pronounced kauri as cow-ree. His own pronunciation sounded to my ear almost like Coddy, with the flapped R, and the AU pronounced very close.
9:55 I definitely could hear this European influence. Whenever I hear the Maori language, it sounds like a Polynesian language spoken with a New Zealand English accent. I noticed those aspirated letters of p, t, and k as well in the language. I'm pretty sure that's what happened with those same letters in Hawaiian, excluding "t" because Hawaiian doesn't have it (other than in the Niihau dialect).
Worth noting I'm not a native, but hopefully I got it close enough. I haven't heard much Hawaiian, but I imagine it does have a strong influence. It'd be interesting to hear a Ni'ihau speaker - they might use non-aspirated forms. :)
lima is forever
Truly the hero of the Austronesian languages. :D
lima gang!!
Thank you for putting together all your researches in a 10-ish minute quality video. As usual, it was a pleasure listening to you! Have a nice day!
Thank you for watching! Your continuing support really does help. I'm glad you enjoy what I make. :D
You picked an excellent subject to cover, and your explanation is just the right amount of slow and detailed to make it easy to understand without becoming boring or overwhelming. Liked 👍
Thank you! Happy you enjoyed! :)
I speak Indonesian and Javanese (both are Austronesian), and I could trace the similarities with Maori. I would love to see Indonesian and Javanese evolution too!
They'd be fun ones to do. Hope you enjoyed the video! :)
Word Lists:
Proto-Austronesian: 2:26
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: 4:15
Proto-Oceanic: 6:30
Proto-Polynesian: 8:48
Modern Maori: 10:45
i watch your videos for some time now, they are very comforting to watch, and good introductory for my interest to kindle up. i liked austronesian languages very much as soon as i recognized their existence, more of that would be awesome. thank you and keep it up!
Thank you so much! Austronesian is perhaps my favourite family, so I'd love to do more at some point. More videos of some sort coming soon anyway! :D
Please do the video about evolution of Russian language from Proto-Indo-European.
I'd love to at some point. A few others I want to do first, but hopefully I'll get to it sooner or later. :)
Awesome! I also love the inclusion of post-contact changes - really fits the language into context
It's all part of the modern language. If it's to shape the future, it's as important to understand as any of the historical shifts. :)
the most banger evolution video so far!
i have some suggestions of languages you could consider?
1. mandinka or wolof i think would be pretty intresting, but i know the history of them dont have a lot of documentation. Maybe another african language like KiSwahili or isiZulu or isiXhosa or something.
2. are you planning to do this for english? it would be very interesting if you did.
I agree that those would probably be quite hard to do those languages, though if I ever think it possible, I'll certainly consider them!
I will do English at some point, but it goes fully the other way - there's so much work been done, it may be hard to sift through, so I'm putting it off for now. :)
I really enjoyed this video, I would love to see Indonesian next. It was so interesting to see the similarities with Indo.
Thank you, I'm glad you enjoyed it! Enough people have now suggested Indonesian that I'll certainly consider doing it. It won't be the next one, or even the one after, but perhaps in future, it'd be fun, and certainly interesting. :)
Fascinating. I’m Indonesian, but being from Borneo, I notice similarities with words in some of our island’s languages and dialects, like ‘nifo’ = ‘nipon/nipen’ and ‘manu’ = ‘manuk,’ which aren’t commonly found in standard Indonesian (our national language).
tagalog is pronounced with stress on the 2nd syllable so it should sound like ta-GAH-log
I know. I prefer the way I said it though. Sounds more natural for my accent. Know the rules to break them kind of thing. :)
@@LexisLang You have also mispronounced "Maori".
new small linguistics channel to follow? hell yeah
Hope you enjoy what I make! Thanks for watching! :D
Didn't expect us to leave the Indo European family, but this is pretty cool! The austronesian languages are quite the well-travelled family. What resources did you consult to build the lists of sound changes and irregular shifts?
The semantic changes can be interesting, like the proto-austronesian word for ghost also being the word for owl. Did they name ghosts for the stealthiness of owls, or owls that because they flew almost invisible like ghosts?
It seems the proto-Oceanic "q" becomes proto-Polynesian glottal stop, but I don't see what in the sound change list indicates that.
Owl in Indonesian is Ghost Bird, Burung Hantu. Hantu, Ghost, would seem to be a reflex of qaNiCu from the PAN list given here. The similarity of Hantu to Haunt (and an anagram to boot) is one of those wonderful coincidences that turn up a lot in languages.
@@grantbmilburnanother word for owl is "pungguk".
I closed all my tabs after I finished writing this, but here are a couple of sources I've managed to dig back out:
Biggs, B. "The History of Polynesian Phonology". In Wurm, S.A. andCarrington, L. editors, Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings. C-61:691-716. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978. DOI:10.15144/PL-C61.691
Otsuka, Y. (2005). History of Polynesian Languages
Ross, M., Pawley, A. and Osmond, M. (1998). The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic: Material culture. Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies.
Sorry for the messiness of referencing style - just thrown this together before I go out. There are also a couple of changes on the Index diachronica, though I had to thoroughly vet those before using them. I've also of course used Blust's comparative Austronesian dictionary, which is honestly indispensible in this kind of work.
Semantic changes certainly are fascinating. This video obviously focuses on phonological change, but I could definitely talk about some of the semantic shifts involved for just as long. I don't know which meaning of *qaNiCu is primary - may have to look that one up.
*q did absolutely > *ʔ. Did I forget to write it down‽ If so, that's so annoying! Good job it's a fairly obvious one.
Thanks for watching and for your engagement! :D
This was fascinating. I’m a Kiwi living in Jakarta with some knowledge of Māori, Indonesian and Toba Batak. After reading Robert Blust's tome on the Austronesian languages, I made a list of cognates that Māori has with Indonesian and Batak.
Some are obvious, like lima-rima. Others are more unexpected. For example, according to Wikipedia, the Māori word iwi (bone, people, tribe) derives from Proto-Oceanic suRi, meaning thorn or fish bone. There would seem to be a connection with Indonesian Duri, meaning thorn, spike, spine or fish bone. Hence Durian, the spiky fruit.
This video allowed me to add a few more cognates to my list. I'm annoyed with myself that I never saw the connection between Batak Borngin (night) and Māori Pō, despite knowing both words for quite some time now.
Glad I've been able to help! :D
in javanese the word is "ri" = fish bone or spike
Could you do Polish or Finnish? That would be really cool!
Polish is on the list. Finnish would also be cool, and another used suggested that earlier too, so might think about it! :D
It'd be great if you can put the last stage of words side by side to better see the difference.
Neat. Have a sub.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed! :D
Honestly you should try an Uralic language like Finnish or Komi or the like
I think my plan is to do another IE language next time, then possibly to do Hungarian after that. A Finnic language would also be fun! :)
I was thinking the same.
Nice! If you ever wanna dabble with Faroese let me know and I will be more than happy to help you out.
Thank you for the offer! Faroese is an awesome language - I definitely want to learn more at some point! :)
@@LexisLang Awesome. Well, you know where to find me. My email should be in my account info. :)
Yow should do a Native American language like Osage or Iroquois
If there's enough out there on its history and SCs, I'd love to! But not many languages have enough for me to be happy. :)
do you believe in the Austro-Tai hypothesis?
I don't not believe it. If I see convincing evidence, I'm definitely open to it, but it has not yet been proven beyond reasonable doubt. I think it's fairly likely from what I have seen, but there are still issues that must be resolved before a genuine judgment may be cast. :)
Tagalog is pronounced "tuh-GA-log" (same stress pattern as "appalling"), not like the English word "tagalong"
Yep! But due to my own lect, that never sounds right. Anyway, I prefer saying it that way! :D
7:00 i love The Land of Anime *Tooth*
What? :/
@@LexisLang the PO word for word for “tooth” sounds like the endonym of Japan; “Nippon”.
Ah! I wondered if it may have been that, but I wanted to check lol. :)
Is this a coincidence?
@@DadgeCity Yes. :)
22 Hours ago.
Yep! Just came out! :)
@@LexisLang The point of the comment is that the tile contains "22 Words" and it was 22 Hours ago.
@@NikodAnimations Ah, I see! That is a nice co-incidence! See you in 21 days lol. :D
Bro, great work but please work on your voice, your channel would be in tens of thousands if not for your voice
????
What do you think is wrong with my voice that's keeping people from supporting me? Please do be honest here. :)
@@LexisLangin my opinion, it's the slow, somewhat monotone cadence. It feels uninterested.
i don't think there is any problem with your voice, actually slow pace (if you call it that way) really helps information to sink in, and i like your pronounciation
Could you do one on Japanese?
Hm, that one'd be a little tricky. Because Japanese is the way it is, I think I'd struggle to get a full enough picture. I can certainly think on it though - it would no doubt be an interesting one to do if ever I find a way to do so. :)
NOSTRATIC
EURASIATIC
ALTAIC
JAPONIC
JAPANESE
Nostratic, Altaic and Eurasiatic are generally not accepted as legitimate. If I did it, I'd go back to Proto-Japonic. :)
wow, the word mata is old as hell
Yeah. And some other East Asian proto-languages have similar words, like proto-Kra-Dai *maTā, so if there is further relation, as is sometimes proposed, this word could go back even further! :)
Does "Matua" cognate with Mertua in Malay and Javanese? Hahaha, cause the meaning is different today, more like "Parents in Law"
From a quick search, they're related but not direct cognates. The ma- of *matuqaS is actually a prefix, so mertua contains the *tuqaS, just with a different initial element. :)
@@LexisLang tua (old)
mer-tua
ma-tua
Nō Aotearoa ahau, ka taea e koe te mārama i te reo māori?
Sadly I don't speak the language, no. It is a fascinating language, though, and it's lovely to see a native watching. Hopefully I didn't mess up your lovely language too much! ;D
@@LexisLang Nahh you did a trill instead of a tap but thats the biggest thing and its not even bad
Yeah, I used not to be able to do a trill, but since I've learned, I've kind of forgotten the tap lol. It is hard word-initially, though - presumably why so many languages don't allow it in that position. :)
Romanian, pleaseeeeee🙏🏻🇷🇴
Definitely on the list. Romanian is such a fascinating language and so pretty! :D
@@LexisLangthank you very much. it’s interesting to find stuff about my own language
Wow! You stepped out of the indo European comfort zone! But 3:24 😮
But aku ~ egh2, Sikan ~ peisk, *DUSA ~ DWOH1* is sus…
What's wrong at 3:24? Not a glitch I should worry about?
Those correspondences are almost certainly just coincidences. One or two similar consonants doesn't signify a genetic relationship unless it's systematic, which it isn't to our knowledge. Also, Sikan doesn't correspond to péysķs very much - did you mean to put something else there? :)
@@LexisLangno, it’s just because what you said sounded like a certain… word.
But how I think of it is:
egu. (Ph)sikņ Duxa
-aku. -sikan. -Dusa
-egh2 -peisks. -Dwoh1. This could also hint the pronunciation of the h1 sound.
Indonesian (pun REALLY not intended) surely absolutely doesn’t exist. But an older relation… Could
The Proto Eurasian theory has been started!
Hi, I'm a Māori speaker... your pronunciation of the au diphthong is a bit off, and aspiration is non-universal, usually only occurring on stressed syllables
Also /t/ before /i u/ becomes [ts]
The pronunciation of /u/ as [ʉ] is also not universal for all speakers, except after /a n t ɾ/ where it's more often heard than not
Thanks for the feedback! I did listen to recordings of most words, but it's very easy to make mistakes. I do appreciate you giving these notes. :D
@LexisLang I appreciate you taking your time to make this video. I found it interesting, and it's incredibly rare to find Māori highlighted in a video like this, so thank you! Thanks for responding too in a positive way!
No problem, it's my pleasure to learn about the language and any feedback people offer in the comments only adds to that! Thank you for watching! :D
maowy :33
Oh no, do I say it like that‽ =]
lol
Everything okay? Is there a problem? :|
Ur reply is so cute 😭😭