How Dragons Conquered the World | Monstrum
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- Опубліковано 4 чер 2019
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Dragons are one of the most prolific monsters, conquering global mythology throughout human history. In this episode, Dr. Zarka looks at Classical dragons of European tradition and evaluates their possible natural origins.
Why do we still love to include dragons in literature, film, and art? And more importantly, are dragons real? #dragons #wyvern #MonstrumPBS
Written and Hosted by: Dr. Emily Zarka
Director: David Schulte
Executive Producer: Amanda Fox
Producer: Stephanie Noone
Illustrator: Samuel Allen
Editor: David Schulte
Produced by Spotzen for PBS Digital Studios.
Follow us on Instagram:
/ monstrumpbs
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Aldrovandi, Ulyssis. Ulyssis Aldrovandi Serpentum et draconum historiae libri duo, 1640.
Irwin, J. O’Malley. “Fossils of the Chinese Dragon.” The Far Eastern Review, Vol. XII, Issue 7, Dec. 1915, pp. 247.
Kaplan, Matt. The Science of Monsters: The Origins of the Creatures We Love to Fear, Scribner, 2013.
Lippincott, Louise W. “The Unnatural History of Dragons.” Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin, 1981.
Martin, George. R.R. “Dany and the Dragons.” Not A Blog, July 8, 2013. grrm.livejournal.com/327410.html
Mayor, Adrienne. The First Fossil Hunters : Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Myth in Greek and Roman Times, Princeton University Press, 2011.
Sagan, Carl. The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence, Ballantine Books, 1986.
Senter, Phil, Uta Mattox, and Eid. E. Haddad. “Snake to Monster: Conrad Gessner's Schlangenbuch and the Evolution of the Dragon in the Literature of Natural History.” Journal of Folklore Research, Vol. 53, No. 1, January/April 2016, pp. 67-124.
Schmidt, Gary D. The Iconography of the mouth of hell: eight-century Britain to the fifteenth century, Susquehanna Univ Press, 1995.
Shuker, Karl. Dragons: A Natural History, Simon & Schuster, 1995.
Topsell, Edward. The History of Four-footed Beasts And Serpents... The whole rev., cor. and inl. with the addition of two useful physical tables, by J[ohn] R[owland], E. Cotes for G. Sawbridge, 1658.
"Vast history"
... one could say it can really drag on.
Perish
That made my day
Nicely played
Oof 🤣
Leave
Maybe you could make a series about the different kinds of dragons and the cultures they originated from. I would BINGE on that!!
i want that now lol
she's probably working on it
Bakunawa
Fosho Fosho to that !! Because there is most definitely 5-10 known alien species and bigfoot have supernatural powers plus you know if the government denies hides or trys to lie about it .., it's real
There are too many different kinds
RR Martin: Only Wyvern type dragons are legitimate
RR Tolkien: Designs a whole Taxonomy of dragons with different designs and attributes
piplupcola it’s so interesting that the number of limbs gets of so much contention when the flight and fire breath are the least likely to occur. Six limbs is completely possible. Insects while not animals show that it is at least a possibility. Octopus have 8 limbs.
@@dantan1249 what are you talking about insects are animals
@@Banana-wr8dq i meant to say they are invertebrates. i just thought id include it in case some one brought the point of not having an internal skeleton. just a technical difference
@@dantan1249 Trouble is, after the transition from fishhood, there is no known instance of a vertabrate gaining extra limbs and surviving. Arthropods are much more segmented, so it's easier for them to gain limbs... most scientists today believe that the muscle structure for extra limbs in vertebrates is too complicated to be feasible.
@Sergio Díaz Nila there is supposed to have been highly credible eyewitness reports of flights of dragons over the North of England as late as the 1700s. Then there are the red dragon of Wales.
“No beast in nature has four legs and wings.”
Gliding lizard: “Am I a joke to you?”
Strictly speaking, those are modified ribs, not independent limbs. ;-)
@@Lucius1958 True but I recently learned that there actually was a real example of tetrapods with novel gliding wings back during the Permian and Triassic. Their reign was short but they began the improbable path of developing wings as new structures not from existing bones.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weigeltisauridae
@@Dragrath1 why is this not common knowledge by now? It's AWESOME!!!
The Media Angel I was just thinking about that lmfao
Flying dragons (Draco volans) don't have true wings, those are just modified ribs.
Another explanation I heard about the classical dragon in particular is that it's a compilation of the animals that scare us the most.
Big cats, birds of prey, bats, and snakes.
V Sauce?
@@dubuyajay9964 Vsauce
@@chickknightgreenleaf820 Vsauce
@@tk-4815 Vsauce
Michael here
'just crocodiles' I mean, yeah, I'm not going up to a crocodile without a healthy dose of fear
I mean they're somewhat scary but not something worthy of writing down. So my opinion is differed.
@@trevorscott3275 unless you have never seen or heard of one before.
@@shaneclark2927 You make a fair point.
@@trevorscott3275 right and he said two legs? wtf so im supposed to believe the man who traveled across a continent has endless stories about him can't count? I don't think we should completely discount all the stories of the ones who came before us as all stories. Its also weird how all this cultures who had no contact had the same stories.
@@ethanwilliams7967 I mean, kinda. The chinese dragon looks absolutely nothing like a european dragon though. They may as well be considered two completely different creatures, since they really are.
Im really looking forward to this channels future
Without the allure of the magnificent fire breathing dragons. Mythology would never be the same. They are the very heart of stories of bravery and adventures.
True dragons are simply the symbol of mythological beliefs.🐉
"Fairy tales are more than true not because they tell us dragons exist, but because they tell us that dragons can be beaten" - Neil Gaiman
With respect, while Neil Gaiman may well have said it, it was, I believe, first stated by G.K.Chesterton.
@@QHarefield Actually, Neil said he thought he was quoting Chesterton, but what Chesterton actually said about fairy tales was quite different.
@@joanhoffman3702 If Neil said that, I am happy!
"Raawr, raaawr raawr roar roar" it means, another job well done in dragon
fus roh dah
FUSE RO DAH
Brrrr means the dragon just farted
I like the taxonomic classification of dragons presented in the Dragonology books
Man of culture I see
Yes! Im so happy to find someone else who read the books.
*cough cough* book of dragons *cough cough*
This video is criminally short.
Keep up the good job, I look forward for this channel future!
" criminally short"...great adjective....
Doom bound
Please keep making videos! This is something I've always had a love for a would love to continue seeing new videos from this channel!!
Monstrum should make a video about Griffons or Hippogriffs.
Would you mind to talk about selkie and leannan sidhé? I really am curious about them!
as a dog lover, could you do a video about mithical dogs? like Cerberus/Kerberos, Fenrir and the black dogs of England?
thanks for the great video's! keep it up!
Cerberus may have meant "spotted"
Wrong spelling wrong
@@aubreyackermann8432 yea so Hades' own guarddog of hell could have been named 'spots' lmao😂
Joou no banken?
There are Simargls winged wolves or lions in some cultures.
wyvern is just a type of dragon. The only difference is in terms of british heraldry, in which wyverns specifically depict 2 legged dragons. Otherwise, they're just a type of dragons
Reminds me of the Prehistoric Dragon from Dragons: A Fantasy Made Real (which had a wyvern body type).
Exactly. And in the real world we have lizards with 4, 2 or no legs, and some that look like they have wings. If lizards can be that diverse in the real world, why shouldn't dragons be that diverse in a fantasy world?
IKR I hate when people say "tHoSe ArE nOt DrAgOnS tHoSe ArE wYvErNs"
@@moreira999 Dark Souls fans be like:
in addition, wyverns generally have a poisonous breath that brings pestilence. they rarely breathe fire (which was the case in "the dragon of Mordiford").
one time my mum spent nearly three hours of a car journey giving me an impromptu lecture on what she believes the dragon represents in modern fiction. Basically her take is that all modern dragons are a) rip off smaug and b) represent the jungian 'shadow self'. not necessarily evil but the socially unacceptable and our represent parts of ourselves, hence the shift in focus toward riding/learning to tame the dragon which, at least within the European and British mythology i'm aware of, is a much newer conception.
A great example of a cinematic wyvern-style dragon would be the merciless Vermithrax Pejorative, the brutal, virgin-devouring, mama-dragon from the 1981 classic, Dragonslayer. She is one of my absolute favorite dragons of all time and the Special FX work that brought her to life on the screen is still incredibly convincing even now in the age of CG.
"DAAGONS!" Absolutely made my night, a perfect ending.
I’ve nearly driven myself mad a few times trying to find this program on DVD, but back in ‘05 or ‘06, the History Channel did a two hour special called “Quest for Dragons” that did a great job explaining both the variety of dragon stories around the world and their potential connections to living and extinct animals. One anthropologist interviewed on the program even put forth the theory that the image of the dragon we have today is actually a mental composite of three predators that threatened our prehistoric ancestors; big cats, big birds, and big snakes.
I saw this documentary. It was awesome!
@@teeteestar3012 I suppose it’s too much to hope that you were ever able to track down a DVD or a downloadable version?
@@Hallows4 - Sorry. I never bothered to look for it. I only saw it that one time on TV, but it was that memorable. Have you tried checking streaming?
I really like Monstrum's dinosauroid dragon design
Still a great channel concept, and still loving your presentation style. Stay cheeky!
Some people would disregard myths out of hand, but myths have meaning in many ways, and oftentimes they reveal things about ourselves, our commonalities, and our history that we might not think to ask otherwise. They often remind us of how much of our collective consciousness dates so very far back, and that our ancestors were more curious, creative, mobile, and interconnected than most people realize.
When Venezuelan parrot feathers can be found in numerous hill-people graves in Pennsylvania, we should be ready for the stories to have followed with them, evolving with each retelling. In many monster tales, there is a seed of exotic but very real origins, and through them we can trace the experiences and imaginations of the past.
Sometimes, such stories are actually fair warning indeed, if you can just figure out how to interpret...
Please do a video on yeti , the Abominable Snowman. That'll be a perfect amalgamation of folklore and evolution.
Just watched that vid lol
Okay, I just binged every episode so far and subbed to the channel. This is 100% up my alley and I'm really looking forward to future creatures!
Wouldn't mind some longer videos with deeper dives into some of these topics, but either way I'm just glad this exists. Thank you!
SAME
The Mothman got 20 minutes and dragons didn’t even get 10. :-(
I think this episode did a great job of tackling such a deep topic with only the wave tops being discussed. Huge potential for an entire series here.
This channel is quickly becoming one of my favourites on UA-cam ❤️
4:12 I recognize Alduin's silhouette whenever I see it!
Nice to see Adluin made it in the video
4:10
I love this channel. I hope it keeps going strong for a long time.
Thank you so much for talking about the diversity of dragons. I get very irritated when I hear people arguing that Wyverns aren't dragons. It's a kind of dragon. The only movies I can think of that show a range of dragons are How To Train Your Dragon, and Dragons: a Fantasy Made Real.
My favorite dragon design is the original medieval wyvern, where it had two legs in the front instead of the back like in modern designs.
I really hope this channel is forever. I love the monsters they've shown so far!!!
Much like Extra Credits' "Mythology Matters" series, this channel offers a brilliant insight into history and human nature by exploring the stories we've told to explain our place in the world. Absolutely incredible work, I hope you guys keep it up.
Additionally, I think this particular video goes very well with the Vsauce2 video covering the same topic, exploring other influences on the creation of western dragons, and what it says about human psychology.
Yay, dragons!! Thanks to Dr. Zarka, it's confirmed that dragons are real! Awesome!! Thank you, Dr. Zarka!
I ALLEYS WANTDED 2 RIDE 1
This channel is what I always wanted to see in television wayyyyyy backkk.. keep it up!! Love what you and Joe are making
The dragon slayers get remembered but the dragons, like all legends, will never die. Please do werewolves/dogman
Give a komodo dragon some bat wings and we got a big boi 👊😩
There was even a creature that lived alongside early humans called the megalania (basically a 40ft komodo dragon). It's literally the classic dragon sans wings & fire breath, & given it was native to the Australian outback where things like bushfires would be extremely common, it may have even been thought to breath fire, as well.
@@SeraphimCramer wow that's so incredibly interesting 😲
@@kviggigiuvucififif951 There's even a slight possibility it could still be alive. There are some reported sightings.
@@SeraphimCramer okay that's pure 100%awesomeness🦖
Are gryphons on the list of monsters 'cause I would love a vid about gryphons!!
Gryphons, Griffins, Griphynes?
Gryphons actually have a basis in reality, but not what you might suspect. I had to research it a few years ago for reasons. If you dig around deep enough, it turns out the first tales of them came from European travelers who ventured up near the northern Ural Mountains in the classical era.
They heard stories of how the golden/yellow people (i.e. the Hyperboreans) to the north & east kept & trained these gryphon creatures to guard their land, flocks, & treasure, creatures with the head of a bird and talons the size of a lion's, that could drive off intruders, even kill wild wolves.
As it turns out once you filter through even the obvious embellishments, the Hyperboreans were based on the Fennu, Tungus, & Mongolian tribes, and the Tungus & other Mongolians are people of Eagle Spirit among shamanistic folks.
They have long (since prehistory) kept golden eagles as pets & guards, and an eagle can, indeed, kill a wolf, or sound an alarm with their shrill voices if they sense something amiss. On the one hand, this de-mystifies the gryphons a bit, but on the other hand, the reality is almost as amazing.
There are a number of UA-cam videos of golden eagles hunting, including excerpts of traditional Mongolian practices from documentaries. It's impressive what those "talons like a lion" and that sharp hooked beak can do for such a creature with a lot of smarts and essentially no fear.
"Griffin", "gryphon", and "griffon" are ALL acceptable, btw.
Bird donkey horse lions ???
@@royalteluis623 no what you're talking about is a hippogriff a griffin has an eagle half and a lion half
This is the second of these videos I've watched. The first one being Krampus. I love mythical beasts, and especially dragons, so this is right up my alley.
Stumbled upon your channel and thanks for your hard work on it ! It's an amazing binge, also props to the peoples making all the art and animation behind it ! Looking forward for more vids, Cheers !
Don't think a dragon is the ultimate pet, think of what the thing consumes, not to mention of what cleaning up after it would be like.
Btw deep look send me.
Maybe more like a friend then ? Like Eragon
Yall probably got a lot planned already but if you could do a video on the Wendigo that would be cool.
I remember reading somewhere that one possible explanation for the fire breath could be the venon that some reptiles are able to spit, as the pain was often described like a fire, and then people took that metaphor way too literally
I love your videos. It's the perfect balance between myth, facts, fiction and philosophy
Sometimes I kinda wish people still had similar mind sets as those back then because at the moment many don't really care about nature and those tales of magical creatures were essentially the guardians of nature but as time went on we discovered more truths we lost that respect we had for our world.
Six minutes is barely long enough for a good intro on dragons, its such a rich subject.
Absolutely killed it again with this video! I’m loving it I cannot wait for more to come! Also Dr.Zarka is killing the pin game every episode!
I like the idea that dragons originated as rivers.
That they "snake" across the countryside. They sometimes (when water levels rise above the banks) can sprout wings. Have a deafening roar. A large mouth. Can swallow a human whole or chew up the very rocks. They sometimes disappear underground. They cannot be killed with spear, bow, or sword. They can sometimes sleep for eons (in a lake or behind a dam), but if disturbed they can charge/fly down from their mountain home to lay waste to the towns at the base.
Did I mention that gold can sometimes be found beneath them?
This chanell is so awesome!
Please keep this great videos!
Yes! Dragons are my FAVORITE creatures.
ME TOO!!!!! I LOVE DRAGONS❣️❣️ #Smaug
Hi Dr. Zarka, it is my very first encounter with your channel, and I loved the content and your presentation, so I subscribed. Happy to be here.
I love this channel so much. Soooo educative... Love you dr. Emily
Your videos are amazing and I love it keep making thrm
5:43 Was it a dragon that burnt down Notre dame? Or is this a dark souls reference?
@Clench Chad Man You mean that "Fire-breathing Dragon Gargoyle" guarding the first Bell of awakening?
Been watching your videos with my morning tea, really enjoying myself!
The legend of Saint George and the Dragon was one of the favorite things I liked to read about when I was a kid,I always thought that the dragon he killed was actually a comodo dragon as when a comodo dragon bites it causes a burning sensation as the bacteria in the saliva is attacking your muscles as was explained by a few people attacked by the comodo dragon.
Ooo interesting theory!
Why are your videos so short?!? You could definitely talk about dragons for longer than 6 minutes...
but then again, would people look at those videos, taking into consideration the new fascination for the small easily digestible videos, it's no wonder many UA-camrs are making smaller and smaller videos. Take "game theory" for examples, videos of 30 minutes reduced to 15 or 10 minutes. and in one video he himself said that it was because people never finished them.
I know I agree. I want a 12 or 13 minute video at the shortest. I really don't like these 5/6 minute ones
Some people don't have the time. Also, it means more editing for them.
TROGDOR STRIKES AGAIN!
Well made I hope to see you cover a wide variety of other cryptids in the future since learning about the origin of the legend is fascinating.
Fantastic! I never thought how Profound and Deeply Symbolic the Dragons could be. That's what makes them so Epic and Inspirational. Thank you very much for this wonderful video.
4:12 Alduin on the left
Always, ALWAYS loved monsters and other supernatural creatures.
PLEASE KEEP MAKING MORE VIDEOS!!
Also, is there a chance for manticores or chimeras in the future?
Monsters are the best! And there’s always a chance 😉
I really love monstrum and dr. emily's in-depth videos, though I really felt this was very lacking. when I read the title with the 'conquered the world' part, I immediately thought it would explore all types of dragons from different parts of the world, but sadly it was more eurocentric in focus, and the dragons from other cultures just felt like honorable mentions :(( hopefully there would be a part 2 maybe? would love to see it!!
Wow, I can't wait to watch your future videos! What an awesome and interesting field of study!
"No beast in nature has four legs and wings."... Except flying lizards.... in the genus... Draco
Simon T They aren't real wings, though. Birds are considered to have 4 limbs because the wings are a seperate bit. Flying lizards ( and sugar gliders) have a flap of skin that allows for gliding, connected on 3 sides, rather than separate limbs like certain dragon interpretations.
@@WintrBorn, exactly,... actually, most gliding mammals or reptiles just use part of their torzo and ribs, extending them as "wings"...
But thei're not actual wings like insects, birds or bats have.
Only insects (a totally different evolutive path), have real wings separated from their limbs
@@WonderingWanderer88 and dragonflies from the carboniferous period were pigeon-sized. dragon, flies. they're definitely beastly enough in my book!
Those aren’t wings they’re modified ribs
Ernesto Hernández Benítez which shows it is possible. It hasn’t evolved in vertebrates but people act like it’s a physical impossibility. The fakest thing about dragons is that they can fly at the sizes they are said to be. Even some form of heat or chemical breath could be achieved.
Dr. Zarka has truly magnetic charisma! She reminds me a bit of Sansa Stark... but only the good parts :)
Nought wrong with the "bad" parts pad.
Beautiful video, I knew 🐉 were real. Thank you.
I actually wish these videos were longer
I love dragons, real and legendary ones :-)
I've come across one.
@@GoldKingsMan hmmm... really? How’d it go? I’m no believer, but I like to study them. I find it hard to believe. There’s a reason why there’s *myth* in *myth* iCal
Like first, watch later.
Literally what I did without even realizing until I have already done it, guess the title alone caught my interest that much. Please keep making awesome videos!
Hi Dr. Z I came here from Deep Look. Great videos! I love monsters and especially monster ecology
beautiful illustrations!!
What about the monster of the loch ness ? What is it ?
Komodo Dragon: Why is there a dragon in my name tho
Because he is a land posion dragon
YES! I've been hoping for a video on dragons, since the first time i saw this channel. They're my favorite magical creature ever
Yay! Hoping to do more dragons from different spots on the globe at some point too.
Fantastic video as always.
6:02 direct strike!
I love dragons. Btw, angels and demons count as monsters or not? 🤔
I'm gonna say... yes ^^
I would classify them more as celestial beings or divine entities more than monsters. You could still work with them on this channel as she has worked with spirits before (ex. Wendigo).
“Just Crocodiles”?
Love your Channel ! Looking forward to seeing more .
Fun fact : the English word “dragon” ultimately has its roots from the Greek term “drakōn” which means “serpent”. Drakōn in turn comes from the Greek words "drakein" and "derkomai" meaning "to see clearly" or "gaze sharply”.
and the Old French word "Draconem", which means "giant serpent".
Dragons conquered world of myths and legends and your channel conquered other ones. Please put more videos. Thanks
Thanks for watching!
I believe a classical dragon could also be referred to as a European dragon
thank you so much for all your videos.
I love the format and narratiom lf the video! Please keep making this kimd of videos, you may also explore mlre mythology related subjects!
I am really looking forward to see bigfoot featured on this..also love the vids💪💪
King Ghidorah is my dragon, but Godzilla is better lol
Nergigante is my boi
@@dirandrous7682 ah
a hunter of culture
@Indoraptor Unstoppable haven’t herd of you in a long while
Godzilla died in kong vs godzilla.
I'm loving this channel❤ keep it up
Great channel! I appreciate this kind of content and looking forward to more!
Are there any encyclopedias or big hardcover books covering the different kinds of folk-lore beasts, dragons, monsters. Not just one for all, more like several for different cultures or beasts?
Does anyone have any tips?
There are two things of Dragons like Western & Eastern Dragons:
-Western Dragons, typically depicted as a huge fire-breathing, scaly and horned lizard-like creature, with leathery, bat-like wings, with four legs and a long muscular tail. It is sometimes shown with feathered wings, crests, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine and various exotic colorations. Dragon's blood often has magical properties. The typical dragon protects a cavern or castle filled with gold and treasure and is often associated with a "great" hero who tries to slay it. Though a winged creature, the dragon is generally to be found in its underground lair, a cave that identifies it as an ancient creature of the earth.
-Asian Dragons, typically portrayed as long, scaled, serpentine creatures with four legs. Traditionally they symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, hurricane, and floods, and are also a symbols of power, strength, and good luck. They have also extended range of supernatural powers, changing size or form (most are able to take human shape), fly among the clouds or hide in water, form clouds, turn into water, change color as an ability to blend in with their surroundings as an effective form of camouflage or glow in.
-Lesser Drakes is something of a catch-all category, including the lesser dragon-like beings, such as wyverns, worm/wyrms, lindworms, etc., which are generally smaller and more animal-like in mind and behavior.
There are more Types of Dragons:
-Armored Dragon Physiology.
-Asian Dragon Physiology.
-Balaur Physiology.
-Cartoon Dragon Physiology.
-Cosmic Dragon Physiology.
-Dimensional Dragon Physiology.
-Draco Magi Superior Physiology.
-Dragon Lord Physiology.
-Dragonborn Physiology.
-Dragonman Physiology.
-Elemental Dragon Physiology.
-Gestalt Dragon Physiology:
○Alien Dragon Physiology.
○Angelic Dragon Physiology.
○Bionic Dragon Physiology.
○Draconic Machine Physiology.
○Demonic Dragon Physiology.
○Data Dragon Physiology.
○Dino-Dragon Physiology.
○Dragon Turtle Physiology.
○Fairy Dragon Physiology.
○Feather Dragon Physiology.
○Insect Dragon Physiology.
○Phoenix Dragon Physiology.
○Tannin Physiology.
○Undead-Dragon Physiology:
○Ghost Dragon Physiology.
○Skeleton Dragon Physiology.
○Vampiric Dragon Physiology.
-Lesser Dragon Physiology.
-Mutated Dragon Physiology.
-Mystic Dragon Physiology.
-Primordial Dragon Physiology.
-Psychic Dragon Physiology.
-Superpowered Dragon Physiology.
-Transcendent Dragon Physiology.
DRAGONS
DARGONS
GORDANS
NOGARDS
(love dragons)
Parry this you casual
GOARNDS
In the beginning, the last thing you saw as you were killed was either claws, fangs, wings, scales etc... our ancestors imagination kinda blended those together to create a great beast we all love lol
omg the outtakes were hilarious! more please!
Sassy- I told you, dragons are real
“...dregins”
Glad I found this channel good work
I love this series..yall are the best
I love your animations and editing.
Keep making these amazing videos they are sooo interesting
You're just amazing. Thank you for this video
Dragons have facincated me since I was a little girl. They were a great comfort during a difficult time in my life, whether it was in art of fiction. Thank you for this amazing video on these great beasts.
Would you consider taking a look at the Bunyip from Australia? I haven't seen it spoke about in many shows like this, and would love to hear your take on it.
Dude you can make this channel something big. Keep on going