This is an excellent video for understanding some of the older Transceiver circuits, such as Yaesu FT-736R. The PLL board in the Yaesu uses a Prescaler, Counter, Phase Comparator coupled with a crystal oscillator. Of course the Yaesu is doing all of this to control the Transmit Frequency of the radio. Thanks for the video!
Very good video that reminded me about something I had forgotten. It also saved me some money. I needed a frequency of 393.216kHz and a crystal of that frequency would have cost $500 each minimum. But with a 32.768kHz crystal (under $1) and x12 multiplier using this sort of circuit I got the frequency I needed.
Clear and very well done. It would be great if you could explain a very important topic which is loop filter. How you choose the C and R values and what it does for the circuit. eg. cancels the oscillations inside the PLL loop and makes the system locks stable. Thanks.
John Keely in his late 1800's work shop, did same thing by applying tuning forks frerquencies down thermocouple/thermopile wires with nodes. The nodes and also small differing wires cliped on to main transmitter wire allowed frequencies to multiply. He said he could control some forces of nature with various ratios of gold, silver and platinum.. This was also verified by French scientist who applied ratios of resonant frequencies to plates sandwiches of differing metals for a lifting platform, which graduated to a floating open frame small air blimp .(translated from bablefish)
Your eyes don't look healthy, bro. From what I can see, I'm concerned you suffer from insomnia or some sort of drug habit. I want you to start taking better care of yourself. The world's a better place with smart guys like you in it. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. I wish you the best, man. Whatever it is that's taken hold of you, I pray you heal and find some peace in your life.
I think there are some more products available from Digilent but for me at least, I don't think the extra money is worth it. I mean the AD2 has everything that is needed at decent enough quality for the price.
Hi! Love your video! May I ask you a question that is troubling me recently? What are the practical limits of the multiplication inside the PLL? You certainly don't see clocks derived from 32.768kHz RTC crystal inside systems running in tens of megahertz. Maybe a better question would be what's the maximum frequency jitter of the output and when it will be significant enough to cause synchronization problems? Thanks again for the great video!
Hello Hristo! I don't think there would be an issue in going from 32KHz to 3.2MHz (x100) or even more. I mean, its a practical use case to have a ~24MHz quartz and go up to 3GHz, or similar values; but going from 32KHz to 3.2GHz (x10k) might end up creating some problems... I guess other issues would be that you want fast system start up - it takes some time to stabilize the initial oscillator, and then the PLL - if you have the oscillator already at a higher frequency its faster; also if you want to have a low power circuit, adding an extra PLL would not help - if you only need a few tens of MHz, then its easier to just put the quartz in. I guess a bigger practical issue would be the LPF - for 32KHz (or 64KHz) you still need quite a big capacitor, that cannot be built into the silicon chip - you would need an external component, that would limit the number of pins available on the IC. Honestly, I'm not entirely sure why most microcontroller systems use 2 quartzes - a low frequency one and a high frequency one.
Hey thank you again for another video! I see that you are using analog discovery 2. Do you suggest it also for personal pratical experience? I think that the problem with analog discovery 2 is the fact that the power supply is only +-5V and with opamp circuits which require a power supply of +-15V it would be a problem indeed but easily solvable since you will just need a separate DC desk power supply. For what regards multimiter and oscilloscope i think that he can even substitute real oscilloscopes and multimeter for the 90% of the analog and digital electronics common application, don't you agree? 200 euros instead of more or less 1000 euros of instrumentation is quite the offer
Honestly I usually only use the signal generator, oscilloscope and the network analyzer function that puts these 2 together; I rarely use anything else.
Thank you for this video. Is it possible to generate multiple phases that are adjustable/variable using PLLs with reference to the input signal? For example, 6 phase output using 6 PLLs.
Very interesting video. 👍 Do you know a discrete solution for a frequency multiplier using simple elements like comparators, opamps or logical gates? For example you have a sequence of narrow spikes and want to achieve a 50:50 takt of a doubled frequency.
Well, you could build the PLL from more basic components; but otherwise I'm not sure how this sort of frequency doubling could be achieved. By the way, is the frequency of the initial narrow spikes known? or does the circuit you wish to build have to work with any input frequency?
@@FesZElectronics I used this Idea www.edn.com/convert-any-signal-to-exactly-50-duty-cycle/ I changed some parts of this circuit a got a doubled 50:50 takt signal. I'm working on inductive power supplies. In order to achieve some targets concerning noise and lower losses you have to use on the secondary side of the system a synchronised frequency of the primer side, sometimes factoring it by 2. I thought, you prbebly know another way to achieve it without using this PLL IC. You are doing a great job producing your videos. 👍I like it.
Hello sir please help me how to provide inputs for type2 PFD to check up and down signals as ouputs and ref_clk and fb_clk as inputs Help how to provide input clks and its specification
hey my friend I need to make a square signal that have not any small changes in frequency or pulse width but ics like 555 timer can not be like that and have small changes is there any way???
Can a 100 Mhz signal be produced with the 74HC4046? Or can the modulated signal with a frequency of 100 Mhz be demodulated with the 74hc4046? Or do I need to use a high-bandwidth RF PLL to do this?
@@FesZElectronics I cannot predict the usage area of fm demodulation at low frequencies. Due to the antenna size, Frequency Modulation is done at high frequencies. Therefore, a PLL with a high bandwidth is needed for demodulation. The 4046 is not suitable for this. So why was the 4046 produced? Is there a circuit where it is used in practice?
Normally in a receiver you will not work with the received frequency directly, but rather with an intermediate frequency - in FM receivers this is usually 10.6MHz.
I really like this series of videos on PLL, VCO, mixing, multiplying, etc. Thanks for producing this material FesZ!
Thank you for the kind words! I'm happy you are enjoying the videos.
This is an excellent video for understanding some of the older Transceiver circuits, such as Yaesu FT-736R. The PLL board in the Yaesu uses a Prescaler, Counter, Phase Comparator coupled with a crystal oscillator. Of course the Yaesu is doing all of this to control the Transmit Frequency of the radio. Thanks for the video!
One of rare extreme Level of quality RF circuits design lessons!! Thank you!
Totally Agree.
Very good video that reminded me about something I had forgotten. It also saved me some money. I needed a frequency of 393.216kHz and a crystal of that frequency would have cost $500 each minimum. But with a 32.768kHz crystal (under $1) and x12 multiplier using this sort of circuit I got the frequency I needed.
I was trying very hard to prepare a frequency multiplier without any success. Your circuit diagram help me to choose right values for LPF.
best PLL video ever!
ty very much
Yes I find this more useful than I did this time last year. Thanks Feez.
Clear and very well done. It would be great if you could explain a very important topic which is loop filter. How you choose the C and R values and what it does for the circuit. eg. cancels the oscillations inside the PLL loop and makes the system locks stable. Thanks.
This really made clocking simple for me.
Great to hear this
Great video! I also appreciate the work and elaboration you put in your videos
Thanks so much for clearing that up for me🤓👍
thank you very match
Thanks for the video of PLL its helping me alot
Amazing info. Thanks
John Keely in his late 1800's work shop, did same thing by applying tuning forks frerquencies down thermocouple/thermopile wires with nodes. The nodes and also small differing wires cliped on to main transmitter wire allowed frequencies to multiply. He said he could control some forces of nature with various ratios of gold, silver and platinum.. This was also verified by French scientist who applied ratios of resonant frequencies to plates sandwiches of differing metals for a lifting platform, which graduated to a floating open frame small air blimp .(translated from bablefish)
practical and instructive.
Your eyes don't look healthy, bro. From what I can see, I'm concerned you suffer from insomnia or some sort of drug habit.
I want you to start taking better care of yourself. The world's a better place with smart guys like you in it.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge. I wish you the best, man. Whatever it is that's taken hold of you, I pray you heal and find some peace in your life.
Wonderful presentation. Thank you. Isn't this what a SI5351 does ?
Great video thanks
Another great video! Do you recommend the Analog Discovery 2, or is there a newer product that would be a good buy?
I think there are some more products available from Digilent but for me at least, I don't think the extra money is worth it. I mean the AD2 has everything that is needed at decent enough quality for the price.
You can play with cd4060 and crystal 8mhz instead of cd4040
To master the arts of frequency multiplication, first you must learn to divide a frequency. ~ Confucius (maybe)
Hi! Love your video! May I ask you a question that is troubling me recently? What are the practical limits of the multiplication inside the PLL? You certainly don't see clocks derived from 32.768kHz RTC crystal inside systems running in tens of megahertz. Maybe a better question would be what's the maximum frequency jitter of the output and when it will be significant enough to cause synchronization problems? Thanks again for the great video!
Hello Hristo! I don't think there would be an issue in going from 32KHz to 3.2MHz (x100) or even more. I mean, its a practical use case to have a ~24MHz quartz and go up to 3GHz, or similar values; but going from 32KHz to 3.2GHz (x10k) might end up creating some problems... I guess other issues would be that you want fast system start up - it takes some time to stabilize the initial oscillator, and then the PLL - if you have the oscillator already at a higher frequency its faster; also if you want to have a low power circuit, adding an extra PLL would not help - if you only need a few tens of MHz, then its easier to just put the quartz in. I guess a bigger practical issue would be the LPF - for 32KHz (or 64KHz) you still need quite a big capacitor, that cannot be built into the silicon chip - you would need an external component, that would limit the number of pins available on the IC. Honestly, I'm not entirely sure why most microcontroller systems use 2 quartzes - a low frequency one and a high frequency one.
Hey thank you again for another video!
I see that you are using analog discovery 2. Do you suggest it also for personal pratical experience?
I think that the problem with analog discovery 2 is the fact that the power supply is only +-5V and with opamp circuits which require a power supply of +-15V it would be a problem indeed but easily solvable since you will just need a separate DC desk power supply.
For what regards multimiter and oscilloscope i think that he can even substitute real oscilloscopes and multimeter for the 90% of the analog and digital electronics common application, don't you agree? 200 euros instead of more or less 1000 euros of instrumentation is quite the offer
Honestly I usually only use the signal generator, oscilloscope and the network analyzer function that puts these 2 together; I rarely use anything else.
Thank you for this video.
Is it possible to generate multiple phases that are adjustable/variable using PLLs with reference to the input signal? For example, 6 phase output using 6 PLLs.
Can u explain A PLL is designed with an input frequency of 2 MHz and out frequency of 2 GHZ
Don't you need to have the pre-scalar a multiplied not a divide ?
How to generate a band frequency?
Can you please make a video on RF amplifier and VCXO
My mini system jvc is out of frequency radio fm . Jvc mx-g7. What happens??
Can you make video about DIY PLL 1..20MHz on 74 series?
good video. what are the min frequency of this scheme? i want to convert MPH to KM/h who based on frequency. i need to multiply by 1,6
Very interesting video. 👍
Do you know a discrete solution for a frequency multiplier using simple elements like comparators, opamps or logical gates? For example you have a sequence of narrow spikes and want to achieve a 50:50 takt of a doubled frequency.
Well, you could build the PLL from more basic components; but otherwise I'm not sure how this sort of frequency doubling could be achieved. By the way, is the frequency of the initial narrow spikes known? or does the circuit you wish to build have to work with any input frequency?
@@FesZElectronics I used this Idea
www.edn.com/convert-any-signal-to-exactly-50-duty-cycle/
I changed some parts of this circuit a got a doubled 50:50 takt signal.
I'm working on inductive power supplies. In order to achieve some targets concerning noise and lower losses you have to use on the secondary side of the system a synchronised frequency of the primer side, sometimes factoring it by 2.
I thought, you prbebly know another way to achieve it without using this PLL IC.
You are doing a great job producing your videos. 👍I like it.
Hello sir please help me how to provide inputs for type2 PFD to check up and down signals as ouputs and ref_clk and fb_clk as inputs
Help how to provide input clks and its specification
i blong t pakistan very nicly defeind PHASE LOCKD LOOP this very help waqar ahmad
faisalabad punjab pkaistan
hey my friend I need to make a square signal that have not any small changes in frequency or pulse width but ics like 555 timer can not be like that and have small changes is there any way???
Can a 100 Mhz signal be produced with the 74HC4046? Or can the modulated signal with a frequency of 100 Mhz be demodulated with the 74hc4046? Or do I need to use a high-bandwidth RF PLL to do this?
I think the maximum operating frequency is 20MHz for this component. you probably need a dedicated IC if you want to work with ~100MHz.
@@FesZElectronics I cannot predict the usage area of fm demodulation at low frequencies. Due to the antenna size, Frequency Modulation is done at high frequencies. Therefore, a PLL with a high bandwidth is needed for demodulation. The 4046 is not suitable for this. So why was the 4046 produced? Is there a circuit where it is used in practice?
Normally in a receiver you will not work with the received frequency directly, but rather with an intermediate frequency - in FM receivers this is usually 10.6MHz.
Is there any way to implement mppt etc in ltspice ??