Programming Constructs | O/AS Level | By ZAK

In the context of fundamental programming concepts, especially when discussing the basic structure of programs, the three primary constructs are Sequence, Selection, and Iteration. These constructs form the basis of algorithmic thinking and are integral in structuring the flow of any program. Let's break down each one:
1. Sequence: This is the most basic programming construct. It refers to the execution of instructions in a linear or sequential manner, one after the other. In a program, this means that commands are executed in the order they are written, from top to bottom. For example, a sequence of operations might involve declaring a variable, assigning it a value, and then printing that value to the console.
2. Selection (or Decision-Making): This construct allows a program to choose different paths of execution based on certain conditions. It introduces the concept of decision-making into programming. The most common selection statements are `if`, `else if`, and `else`. In some languages, the `switch` statement is also used for selection. These statements evaluate a condition (like a comparison between two values) and direct the program flow accordingly.
3. Iteration (or Looping): Iteration enables a program to execute a block of code repeatedly, usually with some variation each time. This is crucial for tasks that need repetition, such as processing items in a list, repeating operations until a condition is met, or iterating over data structures. Common iteration constructs are `for` loops, `while` loops, and `do-while` loops. These loops continue to execute the code block as long as a specified condition remains true.
These three constructs - sequence, selection, and iteration - form the core of structured programming and are foundational to understanding how algorithms and programs are constructed. They represent the basic mechanisms by which a program's flow of control is managed and directed.

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Sir can you share the pdf of notes also