The Indo Europeans and Historical Linguistics
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- Опубліковано 18 вер 2024
- History and Civilization: The Indo-Europeans and Historical Linguistics (Lecture 7)
In the late eighteenth century, a British judge living in India noticed profound similarities in several historical languages, which suggested to him they shared a common origin. His hypothesis gave rise to the field of historical linguistics, the study of language change over time. Since then, two centuries of scholars, including the famous Brothers Grimm of fairy-tale fame, have worked out the general nature of that "mother tongue" and its culture, now referred to as Indo-European, and have shown that Indo-European civilization underlies much of Western Civilization. Still, our knowledge of the original Indo-Europeans is far from complete. For instance, we don't know what their "homeland" was, that is, where they lived as a cultural entity before spreading across most of the known world. All in all, the once mysterious Indo-Europeans and their descendants can now be seen as the most successful conquerors ever in human history.
Attributed to Mark L. Damen Professor of History and Classics,
Utah State University
For more information please visit: www.usu.edu/ma...
Love from india of all our Indo-European family
chotka roy , thanks cousin!
I am Uralic. Stupid ideology you have...
@@erkkinho So from Pakistan?
@@paytonthornberry1382 From Finland and not "Indo-European". I strongly question this Indo-European family. I feel we have lot more in common with Swedes than Indians or Greeks do.
@@erkkinho Oh my bad I was thinking uruk the Pakistani language. Norse, Sami and Finnish people share a similar appearance since they have been able stay homogenous given their geography and location; in comparison to the Indo-Europeans who migrated south into Iran and North India. Not all of india is the same genetically given how big it is. North India has a higher percentage of Indo-European genome than south India, which has more Dravidian. The language of Hindi and others has similarities to other Indo-European languages. Religious practice and ancient cultures like Norse paganism, Slavic paganism etc have similarities religious practice in India today.
The Celtic languages don’t come from Germanic. They’re their own branch and may be closely related to italic languages. Also the Scandinavian languages are Germanic language, they’re not separate from them.
Could there be some relation between Celtic and Slavic languages, since there are many cultural similarities ?
@@Porkeater2610957 there's no linguistic evidence for that
Scandinavian is geographic. Saami and Finnish are also Scandinavian but not Germanic
@@نادرالیراحمان Finland is not Scandinavian
They were cornered by Germanic languages in the British Isles and Brittany (Bretagne)
However, in many areas (like the one I live right now) The basic language derives from Latin, but there are pre-Roman Celtic influences, called "substrate" and a "super-strate" from the later Germanic and Arabic invasions. You can see it in a map. But also in local surnames.
Dated. Hardly anyone believes it came from Germany or Israel or east of the Caspian (see map at 19:50) anymore. And Colin Renfew's Anatolian hypothesis, once a popular idea, has been shredded as silly, with his theory being abandoned in droves in the last few years. Somewhere, likely on the steppe with horse culture, north of the Black Sea but south of the Baltic Sea is the present majority opinion. Both linguistics and DNA (population genetics) suggest this, alone or stronger together.
This presentation started well and is almost good.
Sanskrit is Foreign Language to Indian Subcontinent, hence Vedic religion which evolved into what is now called Hinduism is Indo-European colonial imposed religion, with the Indo European steppe pastoral caste system based social heirarchy suppressing the indigenous Indian populations at bottom of this Brahmin-Kyastriya ruled caste system for 4000 years.
It isn't like Islam is indigenous to east and south Asia either. Or Christianity to Europe...
@Mei Li Chin exactly we need honesty, not ostrich in sand approach.
India with Hinfutva, Brahmin supremacy is the worsy case suprwmacy, by including the caste system as inherent partof Hindu religion.
The conquered infigenous masses are never allowed to rise economically, leadship positions, spiritually to positions of leading Hindu prayers, etc.
You really shouldn't use the term "colonization" in this context. That word decribes a modern concept that just does not map well to the politics of previous periods.
Similar to what has happened to Muslims in India who were slaved of Arab Tunica conquerors
Arabian language is tamil language do you know this ,and tamil is sanskrit mixed ,arabs are tamil
The ending is bizarre.
Excellent lecture. By the way, the word " Paradise" comes from the Persian word " Pardis". [ just for your information ] :)
Came for the supposedly informative lecture, stayed for the bizarre rambling about the number three and broad conjecture about moon racism
celtic didn’t come from germanic...
Thanks for including the author of this lecture, I always wished that you'd add something like that intro screen in the beginning and I saw it for the first time. Great Job!
MDZPNMD hey, thanks! Though I always try to attribute it in the video description, I’m trying to get into the habit of doing so in the video as well!
The Indo-Europeans called themselves Aryans, lol.
The word Aryan has been used for centuries to describe them, this was only changed after WW2.
And what does Aryan (Ar - Jan) mean ?
Absolutely loved this presentation/VDO. It is so concise and informative. Touches on pretty much all the important aspects of the INDO-EUROPEAN theory.
Thank you so much for publishing it.
Looking forward to more VDOs on this topic
Love from Bangladesh
I very much doubt the rhetorical power of threes is confined to Indo-European language speakers. Three is meaningful as the first prime number after one, that can be shown with the fingers of one hand (seven is also meaningful, as weeks of days, as a magic number in the Bible and elsewhere, and, curiously, as the number of times you typically have to say no to a salesman to get them to leave you alone. Then there is 13. Enough said about the effect of prime numbers on our minds). It is also where primitive mathematical ideas leave off, counting one, two, three, many and many many, although that may be a purely apocryphal anecdote, now I think about it. Three legs makes a stool, three sides make a triangle, and in general three draws attention as rare in nature, where every animal has four limbs and two sides, and so three is suggestive of magic and unnaturalness, as weird.
To punctuate the idea that the Dorians, the 3rd wave coming into Greece were ferocious, the Dorians gave us Sparta and Spartan 'ideals'.
Dorians caused a dark age in 1100? The cause remains very much in dispute. During that time period, The whole Mediterranean was affected by whatever it was that affected Greek civilization.
Will you ever cover prehistoric India and Bactria at any time soon?
Pathetically out of date. But I admire the spirit and the ending.
And a bit disingenuous. It makes it sound like we don’t really have a clue. There have been linguistic arguments for the steppe regions north of the Baltic Sea for many several decades now. And they have supportive archaeology and genetic evidence that points to the Yamnaya north of the Baltic Sea as well as the Corded Ware population elsewhere in the Russian steppes. With the genetic evidence even Colin Renfrew has conceded the Russian steppe origin.
I too speak two Indo European languages; Odiya as mother tongue and Bengali as L2 . Others are Hindi Urdu Punjabi, English.
My native language is kannada
Which is evolved from both sanskrit and proto dravidian language
Originated from harappans
I would like to make an observation, related to the first table ( aprox. 0 : 57 ) in which in the Romance subgroup, in the minor languages, the Moldovan language is mentioned. Here is an error because the Moldovan language is, in reality, the Romanian language, there being no difference between them. And that's what a native Romanian speaker says.
How can I watch anything more of you if I hear such a fundamental mistake like placing Celtic languages among Germanic ones?
how come that indians in high cast have same dnk groop like slavs and slavic is more comon whit sanskrit. your 3 is more similar in slavic whit sanskrit 3 then any of your given words for 3. actualy slavic 3 is 100% same speaking wrd like in sanskrit. and all slavs have that word same. western europeans have difrent versions. r1a dnk tells us who are arians. there is no r1b to be found in india but r1a yes :)
SurviveTheJive has great videos on Indo-Europeans.
plus hes hot
Note, E=ە ê=ێ oo=وو
Kurdish word/English word
Garm/warm(G shifts into W)
Sard/cold(S becomes C AND R becomes L)
Bra/Bro(brother)
Bro/brow
FLcha/brush(f->b and L->r and ch ->sh)
Boo+n(n=suffix)/being
Psh+ila(psh+ile(ile is a suffix))/pussy(cat)[sh->s]
Kt+ik[kt+ik(ik is a dead suffix, meaning a useless suffix here)]/cat
Lêwلێو/lip(w->p, this change is common, we also use the word leb)
Laq/leg(a->e and q->g)
Raq/Rigid(rigid is rig+id)(q->g)
Hen+gwin(gwin=dead suffix)/honey(hon+ey)(e->o)
Dar/tree(d>t)
Dem(means time)/time(d>t)
Ws/hush(meaning stay quiet)(w>h and s>sh)
Gr+tn=grf+tn(this “tn” makes verbs, works like “ing” in working/grab(f>b)
Angrin(very uncommon word)/angry
Psht(means the physical human back or means After)/post(means after)
Pash(variation of psht, only used meaning after)/post(after)
Heng(g is an active suffix, hen(honey)+g(suffix)=something related to honey, in this case it means a honey bee)
Berd(rock)/petroleum(petr=rock+oleum=oil)[B>p and t>h)
Derga(ga=dead suffix)/door
And here are a bunch of common kurdish suffixes
-ا و وو ی ێ ە-ك گ ل ڵ ن ز س ش
(In the exact order as above) SH S Z N L L G K-E(as u in cut), ê (like ea in head) y(like ee in bee) oo(like oo in stool) w(like w in what) a(like a in hat)
This also includes their combination like oo+k=ook(bchook=small)
Also jooleke(joo=jew and leke(l+e+k+e)dead suffix)/jew (in English)
Kurds really love to add dead suffixes to everything, so you can memorize these components that I gave you and master the vast majority of the Kurdish suffixes, you may wonder, how about the active suffixes?, these exist too, and the only thing they do is, relate the root of the word to something else, be it and idea, a thing, or whatever else, just like above when the honeybee was named heng(hen=honey, g= a suffix), so honeybee has been connected to honey by giving it a suffix.
More examples
Kurdish/English
Mshk(k=dead suffix)/mouse(sh>s)
Masoolka(oolka=active suffix)/muscle(cle=is a not so clear of an English suffix, see how we uncovered an English suffix by knowledge of another Indo European language)
Tarik(ik=suffix)/dark(t>d)(k is a dead suffix, how do I know? Because we also have the word tar for tarik, looks like even the English at some point used dead suffixes, like us)
Pêjame(pê=foot, jame=clothes)/pajama(Persian loan word)(pa=foot,jame=clothes)
Wistn(wis+tn)(wanting)/wishing(ing=suffix)(s>sh)
Bed/bad
Ga/cow(g>c)
Indo Europeans shouldn’t that be aryans?
Or is the word to dirty
Aryan specifically refers to Iranians, where arya (cough GoT cough) means "warrior". They are classed as Indo-Aryan, along with some of the historical nationalities who have disappeared like the Scythians, Sarmatians and Alans (although there is still an Alan population in the southern Caucasus region, where they originally came from before joining the Goths and Vandals to invade the Western Roman Empire). In case you're interested, the native religion of Aryans was Zoroastrianism, which is an interesting culture to look into, with lots of echoes with both Germanic paganism and monotheism, because Indo-Aryans at one time dominated the Eurasian Steppe, reaching into eastern Europe and western China, as well as Persia neighbouring Syria and Palestine.
The indo-Europeans originated in what is today Ukraine. Europe having the greatest diversity of indo-European languages is evidence of Europe being its origin just as the genetic diversity of Africa is evidence of Africa being the birthplace of the homo-sapien species.
There are 3 main populations that all Europeans descend from. That is the western Hunter gathers, the early farmers from Anatolia and the indo Europeans. We have dna from all of them with northern Europe having the most indo European dna at around 50% and Sardinia having the least, they're almost all farmer dna.
Also the R1b R1a (indo European) haplogroup split is in Europe as well.
And Scandinavia having the most indo European dna but also a higher occurrence of earlier haplogroups show that it wasn't as bad of a conquest as other places since this means natives took indo European women.
@Nom Anor I agree with you, with the most advanced societies and greatest globe spanning empires of history, subjugating the entire planet in the last few centuries since the "great divergence", Europeans need look nowhere else for pride.
@European Awakening Aryan is a name to describe a group of people by race. Indo european is used to describe a group of people that share a common language.
Describing all indo european speaking people as aryans would imply that they completely replaced the indiginous people of the lands they conquered, which is clearly not the case.
great until last 5 minutes.
Romanian/ English similarities
Ivi'( to appear). Eve( something ahead of a event)
A cioparti ( cut in parts). Chopp
A ciobi ( to damage a tile). Chipp
A hauli'( country folks yodeling). Howling
Prislop ( terren in a , saddle' shape). Slope
Git( throat). Gut ( internal organs)
Shold( hip). Shoulder
Hid( unpleasant). Hideous
Slut( ugly). Slut( derogatory term)
A cladi( to build upright). Clad( to clothe, overlay something)
A racai( scratch). Rake
A rage, ( cow scream). Rage
Oglinda ( mirror). Ogling'( look down at someone)
Slab( skinny). Slab( thin rock slabs)
Citeste, citit,( read). Citation, cite'(read your claim)
Stavilar ( mini dam). Stave
Birlog. Burrows
Welcome to all IE Family, love from India 🇮🇳 🇮🇳 🇮🇳
Wonderful.
A lot of the information here has been refined or replaced by recent archaeological and genetic studies. All of the populations of Europe are now known to have at least 3 genetically distinct sources, those being Western Hunter Gatherers, Early European Farmers and Ancient North Eurasians. It's likely the EEFs moved into Europe from Anatolia from around 9000 years ago, and that the ANEs arrived around 4000 years ago. The current consensus is that Indo-European languages arrived in Europe with the migration of peoples from the steppes of what is now Russia. However, there is more to learn about the ancient Indo-European languages of Anatolia. The IE languages may have arrived via more than one path.
I suggest looking into ancient DNA studies. Most recent scholarship by David Reich.
Really interesting but terribly outdated, we now know where the indo-europeans come from, they call it the Yamnaya culture.
Wm Jones not the first to note similarity of IE languages but perhaps 1st to note among languages (Sanskrit) beyond Latin & Greek. Jones perhaps 1st "to publish" in the modern sense.
A bit heavy on the "bloodthirsty, brutal IE conqueror" thesis. Plenty of non-IE examples from history - Huns, Golden Horde ... And plenty of IE examples as well - Romans, Nazis, Tsarist Russia, England. The first agriculturists into Europe certainly displaced or outcompeted the prior hunter-gathering cultures. Archeology establishes that agriculture spread into Europe well before PIE folks left the Pontiac Steppe. Recent finds ay LBK sites (ca. 5000 BCE) of mass graves (even entire villages wiped out) suggest violence wasn't unique to IE speakers.
Yeah, violence prevailed in all cultures. It is just that Indo-Europeans were the most successful.
Except current research disproves the Aryan invasion theory.
Genetic evidence proves that R1a1 originated in India, thus there couldn't be invasions in India.
Yes , the Scythians and Partians did return , but it was more like a homecoming and they integrated with the rest of the population pretty well.
Lauda originated in India. If R1a originated in India why don't South Indians have it? Unlike R1A, native Indian haplogroups are found in every Indian. Use your brain, copy paste idiot....
This should be removed from the site without delay. It contains so much which is inaccurate that the validity of the rest is questionable.
This Video is irrelevant - Its the Albanian language that’s the root / base of all the languages he mentions - it’s the Albanian building blocks and without the base his theory is a pyramid od cards
@Lessons in Logic Neophillism - find me the root - ill wait
@Lessons in Logic Greek Mongolian ?
He was a judge in British India, which no longer exists.
Nice to watch, but very outdated. Some of the information is plain wrong and was already known to be wrong at the time of this publication. But still for nostalgic reasons a fun video
3 persons, 3 numbers, and 3 genders
Indo European? Who exactly are these? And why would indians invade India?
Isn’t this narrator the same guy from that Annunaki/PlanetX/Atlantis/Chariots of the Gods UA-cam channel?
Bruh, did he just pronounce the üç (ooch) as (uhk)??? The pronunciation of Latin sucks too.
Stopped watching at 9:19 with the comment about Celtic being Germanic. Next joke.
Slavic Baltic .languages are still nowadays the closest of our common source (Sanskrta).
And the semites, turks, han chinese, or malays never conquered anybody?
@@lessonsinlogic4959 Thank you for the inquiry regarding my hearing. While my father was virtually deaf towards the end of his life, and I expect the same to happen to me, I must say I was recently in a party of people watching a hang glider spiralling into the hill, and I definitely heard the distinct crash, while those around me did not, so I think my hearing is still OK thanks.
Nothing at all about ancient DNA?
Learn Sanskrit, read and understand the Rig Veda (The most early Mandalas of the Rig Veda), you will get all the answers of your questions...
The need for a word for ocean comes with navigation.
Is there a word for ocean in Old Norse? None that I am aware of.
Every Germanic language has a word for sea.
@@kokofan50, German has two being die See and der See. Yes, the difference lies in the grammatical gender. Since that isn't enough we have also das Meer and der Ozean.
The word for ocean in Old Icelandic (the language generally referred to as Old Norse) is 'sær'.
Super interesting to hear how it might have sounded. But I think it should be much more guttural is the pronounsiation...like if you had a Dutch person speak it.
There's another common trait of the indo europeans... they're all white
Sorry but downvoted just for pronunciation mistakes. It was painful to watch that the narrator ruined Latin, Russian and Turkish words for three, and I don't even know if the others were right. The content is meh, but please check how a word sounds in a language instead of reading it like English.
The Indo-European language is a theory that is not proven. Logically, the mother tongue must be sought among similar European languages or among similar dead languages. The Romanian language derived from interjections and onomatopoeia is the most complex with the richest vocabulary and the most words similar to other words from European languages. Linguists must know it to clarify.
This guy's latin pronunciation is very bad.
If you're giving a presentation on linguistics and get the pronunciation totally wrong, you immediately look as a complete amateur. Next time, please, get it right. It's one thing not to bother to get the tendency to aspirate initial plosives under control, but to not even bother looking up the pronunciation of those example words and getting their spelling right? Ook? Uc? Seriously?
Superflash Speak Indo European
Better detail on the nuances of Grimm's law than most on-line sources. I suppose if I pay $$$ per credit hour for Uni linguistics course I would get more:)
Yes the moon race was a competition between two IE speaking cultures (USA v CCCP). Of these two I can't recall hearing or reading about people dying, literally dying, to get into the CCCP.
Other than the facts that the moon is far away, airless, virtually waterless & unprotected by a magnetic field from space/solar radiation there is no reason why anyone wouldn't want to go there.
Latin & Greek came from Albanian language
all European words , language translate in Albanian language 2 dialects
THE WORLD MUST OPEN THE EYES 🇦🇱 i ri (new) or ☝️e re,Alb trsl☝️re ligji jone = our new law "re para*ri*re (perpara=before) ti (new before you=*repair)REHA (eat=ha*re=new) re i ka na ti = its new who where you (like TRI NI TI = TREE ONE YOU) Albanians the native peoples of europe,perpara (pre) the Albanian Language isnt Indo-european Language but perpara (pre european Language)
It’s only the true languages that survive and spoken to this day as both Greek and Latin are made up languages hence the reason why they don’t exist today
@5:30 It’s not SUPREEEEEEEMIST to say that Europeans are genetically the most similar to indo Europeans. Because it’s true. Check out Survive The Jive genetic breakdowns.
Facts are racist these days, so is truth, science, reality and biology.
@King Jon Targaryen I There is no evidence that this group, from a similar area, is as ethnically diverse on the level you are implying. The progenitors of an Indo-european language group would obviously have shared an ethnicity or at least a phenotype as well. Its only after the spread of the language that other ethnic can "join" the language group through assimilation (as happened with the Old European peoples).
@King Jon Targaryen I simply untrue. Travel was more restricted at this period of time, they almost certainly all would’ve been from the same stock. Ancient DNA shows that this is true, in a genetic continuum, as we see today (without outliers like people who immigrate from half way around the world. If by “diverse “ you mean comparing a Pole and a Russian or an Englishman and a Dane or northern Frenchman then yes.
You have no proof that “nobody would’ve gave a shit 5,000 years ago. Positive and Negative Ethnocentrism on a group level correlates with genetic success. Also yes it’s a theoretical reconstructed language, but at one time people DID speak it, and PEOPLE spoke it. You just make assertions that they would’ve been diverse, you’re full of shit
THE WORLD MUST OPEN THE EYES 🇦🇱 i ri (new) or ☝️e re,Alb trsl☝️re ligji jone = our new law "re para*ri*re (perpara=before) ti (new before you=*repair)REHA (eat=ha*re=new) re i ka na ti = its new who where you (like TRI NI TI = TREE ONE YOU) Albanians the native peoples of europe,perpara (pre) the Albanian Language isnt Indo-european Language but perpara (pre european Language)
In the beginning i.e. Neophillism i.e. “Ne Fillim”
What language is that ?
Don’t waste your time as unless you speak Albanian they will never understand that it’s the Albanian language that’s the building blocks and decodes any and all mysteries BC including Egyptian hieroglyphs
Dear god you seem like you're trying real hard to sound like a nobleman. Really, the affectation is too much for me. Absolutely unbearable.
🇦🇱 Albanian is the first language
“ Albanian European language “
Illyrian European language
or Pelasgian European language
Albanian is the secret & the key of understanding all Europeans languages words
Latin Greek Celtic ect ect
Albanian is pretty old; probably not as old as Balto-Slavic though.