Homeostasis of Glucose

Glucose Homeostasis:
In humans, the normal range for the concentration of glucose in the blood is 70-110 mg/100 mL.
Because glucose is a major fuel for cellular respiration and a key source of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis, maintaining blood glucose concentrations near this normal range is essential.
When the blood glucose level rises above the normal range, the secretion of insulin triggers the uptake of glucose from the blood into body cells, decreasing the blood glucose concentration. When the blood glucose level drops below the normal range, the secretion of glucagon promotes the release of glucose into the blood from energy stores, such as liver glycogen, increasing the blood glucose concentration.
Insulin also acts on nearly all body cells to stimulate glucose uptake from blood. A major exception is brain cells, which can take up glucose whether or not insulin is present.
This evolutionary adaptation ensures that the brain almost always has access to circulating fuel, even if supplies are low. Glucagon and insulin are both produced in the pancreas. Clusters of endocrine cells called pancreatic islets are scattered throughout this organ. Each islet has alpha cells, which
make glucagon, and beta cells, which make insulin. Like other hormones, insulin and glucagon enter the interstitial fluid and then the circulatory system.
Overall, hormone-secreting cells make up only 1-2% of the mass of the pancreas. Other cells in the pancreas produce and secrete bicarbonate ions and the digestive enzymes active in the small intestine.
#RoleOfInsulin
#RoleOfGlucagon
#MechanismOfGlucoseHomeostasis

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