Follow 5 Steps to Make an Inference
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- Опубліковано 19 вер 2024
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Making an inference is a result of a process. It requires reading a text, noting specific details, and then putting those details together to achieve a new understanding. In other words, inferences are not created in a vacuum.
This is important to clarify as many students attempt to make an inference and then go find the supporting evidence. That is the reverse of what needs to happen.
To successfully make an inference, students must first look at the relevant information and list those specific textual details. Once they have compiled those ideas, they need to figure out what they mean in order to answer the question. For students to understand how to do this, let's break it down into five explicit instructional steps.
When first teaching these five steps, utilize simple text. This puts the emphasis on the strategy and not comprehension. Then, when you raise the text complexity, students have a five-step process to fall back on.
Here's a simple audio text Kristina Smekens offered in the video:
Imagine half a dozen students standing at the end of the street. It's a dark morning at 7:00 a.m. The students are huddled together. Several are hugging themselves. Others are jumping up and down. And still others are rubbing their hands together and huffing on them. When the bus arrives, one student hollers, "Bus!" All of the students run to get on the vehicle.
Using that text, let's apply the five-step process.
Step 1: Read the text. (Refer to text above.)
Step 2: Read and understand the question. What season does this scene take place in? (Granted, the answer is obvious--winter. But, by jumping to that conclusion, you would be skipping Steps 3 and 4.)
Step 3: List the relevant details.
Roz Linder in her book Chart Sense depicts this process using a silhouette. Outside the silhouette, list the literal details stated in the text that are relevant to the question. In this example, which details from the text have anything to do with season, temperature, weather, etc?
Step 3 requires listing the relevant details. There were other details mentioned in the text, like the fact that there were half a dozen kids and that one kid hollered when the bus was coming. However, some of these details aren't relevant to the question "What season is it?" One part of explicit instruction includes helping students to determine important from unimportant information.
Once relevant details are gathered around the silhouette, it's time for Step 4. Model how to look for patterns and relationships among the details--to determine what these details have in common. To move from Step 4 to Step 5, students have to put clues together, which means thinking about the details one at a time.
Working with the list of details surrounding the silhouette, start with the first jotted note. Ask students to consider, What does it mean when you jump up and down? (NOTE: It's possible that this could mean more than one thing. That detail alone might mean the kids at the bus stop have to go to the bathroom.)
Inferences are made by putting multiple clues together. Group the following details: jumping up and down, moving around, and rubbing and huffing on their hands. Using background knowledge, predict what the combination of actions might indicate--the kids are trying to generate some heat or keep warm. Add in the other detail about it being dark at 7:00, and you begin to move even closer. Pulling on some background knowledge, the reader recalls that it is not dark at 7:00 in the summer (in Indiana). Combining the "keeping warm" and that it's not summer leads the reader to infer that it is probably winter. The last detail: they ran to the bus. Of course, they ran because they were cold. They had been trying to keep warm, and that's why they were moving around. What's the answer? What's the inference? It's winter. And there it is. Step 5: Determine what it means.
Step 3 and Step 4 are the critical steps to generating an inference. We need to help our students slow down and list the important, relevant details on the outside of Roz Linder's silhouette graphic organizer. Then, they rely on their background knowledge to make connections, generate predictions, and draw conclusions. These are noted inside the silhouette head. Reviewing those "mini-inferences" leads to Step 5 and the ultimate inference/answer to the question. This is then noted within the neck of the silhouette organizer.
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A simple yet powerful video. Kudos to the instructor for being so articulate and expressive, loved her teaching style. This video is helpful for any person at any age.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Technical and to-the-point! Your channel should be recommended to all high school and college students taking writing classes.
We're so glad that you're finding our channel helpful!
Thank you so much. You taught my child in a few minutes what teachers in his school could not teach in years.
Keep the good work.
Martha--Thank you for taking the time to comment. We are so glad to hear that this video helped your child. That is our hope! And we hope this next school year provides the right teacher to bring out the best in your child.
You are an amazing teacher. Thank you.
Great video ❤👍 I will for sure use this strategy with my kids in the classroom.
We are so happy that you can use this with your students!
I am planning on showing this to my students, so they can see that there is a strategy to what I am teaching them.
La'Toya--We're so glad that you plan to share this with your students. Please visit the article on our website for a downloadable handout of the silhouette for your students to use.
www.smekenseducation.com/Follow-5-Steps-to-Make-an-Inference.html
Oi professora lindas as pessoas que ensinam o idioma inglês todos sabem muito bem o idioma e são ótimas por de mais ok eu fiz o espanhol e tenho o português e inglês tem um ano que vem sendo realizado às aulas em casa com UA-cam vejo os vídeos todos os dias de segunda a sexta feliz com isso eu estou falando inglês muito mais eu vou fazer mais de três idioma eu leio muito obrigada pela ajuda de informações sobre o tema idioma 👏👏👏✌📚📚📚📚📖📖📖📖📰sou estudante da Bíblia ela tem três idioma espanhol e o português e inglês eu vou estudar os verbos e ler o glossário vocabulário no Brasil eu 👸cinquenta anos de experiência de vida e vinte anos de experiência nos livros de história geografia gramática em texto em casa eu vejo uma das melhores coisas que eu possa fazer um curso de licenciatura eu vou fazer um curso de letras se eu fosse rica eu não teriam sido um grande estudiosos que eu sou um grande matemático e em língua portuguesa eu sou o melhor do melhores eu quero ver esse filme é muito importante para mim? O k e o famoso inglês 😎😔😘🙌🙇🙏
@@marialuciaramosdasilva4737 Desejamos a você o melhor em seus estudos e esperamos que você encontre nossos vídeos úteis!
Thank you so much now I'm studying GED language art wish me luck 🥺❤️
We do wish you the best!
This helped my son a lot. Thank you :)
Great to hear!
THIS is helped me pass my Exams
Siphokazi--That is wonderful! Congratulations on passing your exams! We are happy to know that this video lesson offered you support as you prepared for your exams. We wish you the best in your continued studies.
Thank you so much ❤️❤️❤️❤️
This helped my daughter.thak you so much ♥️😻
So glad to hear that it was helpful!
Very interesting
mamm, this help me to pass my olimpiade so many kinds should i learn like inferring text, toefl-based text, comprehesive text and other 🙏🙏
🙏🙏🙏
In autum, especially in western Europe and depending on UTC+/-0,1or even 2, it is often dark at 7:00 am... So, winter might not be the (only) correct answer. 😉
Thank you for the reminder that we serve a bigger community than just our immediate neighborhood. We've updated the print article that corresponds with this video, delineating geographic location (Indiana) to clarify the season. Thank you! We want to contribute best practice strategies that are universal (K-12) and global, too!
www.smekenseducation.com/Follow-5-Steps-to-Make-an-Inference.html
Well- explained.
Thank you!
Thanks a lot :) that helps me a lot !!!♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️
We're so glad you found it helpful.
Thank you
..
I love this 😍😍
Steven--Thank you so much for your encouraging comment!
This helped my daughter.thak you so much ♥️😻
You're welcome 😊