The Evolution of Primates is a CRAZY Story
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- Опубліковано 4 лип 2022
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The first primates arose around the same time as the dinosaurs went extinct. It is thought that the last common ancestor for all primates existed around 65 million years ago and our order has continued to diverge, producing prosimians, new world monkeys, old world monkeys and apes, which includes humans. In this video, we'll not only explore the species and groups of primates but also look at some of the techniques scientists use to calculate phylogeny including genome sequencing and fossil analysis.
More rabbit holes to dive into!
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Creative Commons Attribution
Purgatorius - Patrick Lynch/Yale University | WikiCommons Attribution Licence
Maps - Maky, Phoenix_B_1of3, Chermundy, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, species assessors and the authors of the spatial data & Fobos92
creativecommons.org/licenses/...
All maps are traced from those on Wikipedia and are distributed under the same CC BY-SA 3.0 licence on Wikimedia Commons:
tbtrvl.com/rangemaps
Editorial Attribution
Fossils at Shanghai Natural History Museum - Akkharat Jarusilawong / Shutterstock
Media & Attribution
Unless stated above, all still images are used under license from Shutterstock.com. Thank you to everyone who makes their work available for use. Covering all of the wonderful species in these videos would not be possible without your incredible work.
Music
All of the music used in this video is available at Epidemic Sound. If you need music and would like to support the channel, please find a referral link below.
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Sources & Further Reading
Listed below are the sources used to create the video.
Huge mat of vegetation floating down the Amazon
• Panama Flooding Dec. 8...
Encyclopaedia Britannica
www.britannica.com/
Animal Diversity
animaldiversity.org/
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate
Taxonomy and General Characteristics of Primates - GREAT Resource
www2.palomar.edu/anthro/prima...
Duke University - Primate Evolution’s Tangled Tree
• Primate Evolution's Ta...
PBS - Your Place in the Primate Family Tree
• Your Place in the Prim...
Chimp genome sequencing
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
www.science.org/content/artic...
Common ancestry
australian.museum/learn/scien...
Primate Evolution
open.lib.umn.edu/humanbiology...
milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/t...
ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub...
Timing & distribution of early primate species
lemur.duke.edu/discover/dlcmnh/
Dinosaur extinction
www.usgs.gov/faqs/when-did-di...
Creation of the Himalayas
www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tect...
Morphology of Primates
australian.museum/learn/scien...
• Primate Traits for Cla...
Why do primates have forward-facing eyes?
www.bbc.com/future/article/20...
Predator/prey vision difference
www.nhstateparks.org/getmedia...
How fossils are formed
www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics...
How fossils are dated
www.smithsonianmag.com/smiths...
www.nature.com/scitable/knowl...
Full Source List (there were too many for the character limit so I've included a link to a Google Doc with the full source list for this video)
docs.google.com/document/d/1Y...
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Videos Exploring The Animal Kingdom & The Natural World
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Dinosaur went extinct 66 million years
it was Almighty God who created all primates not evolution
evolution does not exist
Primates are without a doubt, one of the most fascinating and interesting clades in the animal kingdom
Agreed!! I was going to try and do primates in one video but there were just too many cool species so there are 4 more primate videos in the works!!
Sounds like something a primate would say…
@@Textbooktravel super excited 🎉
@@Textbooktravel just some feedback and please know I really like your vids and think you're doing a great job!
Just for me in this recent video you detoured twice into a) fossil formation and carbon dating and then b) DNA sequencing.
For me I kinda understood why you felt like you had to detour for fossilisation buttt I mean it really took me out of the immersion of the video as it is in fact about primates not fossilisation. By the second detour on DNA sequencing, I was in information overload! I mean most people know these processes already and the ones that don't would have a hard time downloading all the new info - primates taxonomy, fossilisation and carbon dating and then DNA sequencing and chromosomal structures? Yikes
It also meant you talked less about the monkeys and apes which is why I clicked the video! In future maybe you could keep those detours for a separate video so you can cover the topic in more detail. Not having a dig at all just offering feedback.
Although I really did love your graphics for both sequences so keep that up! All around I enjoyed the video but wanted more information on the primates.
and not just because we are
Primates and parrots is a great comparative thing to talk about as well, given how parrots are basically the bird version of primates.
Woah! That's super interesting, I didn't realise how similar their ranges are, thanks, Sam! I'd like to dive into birds a little more at some point so this is a great place to start
Better still look at covids crows ravens etc,even smarter than parrots.
@@shadowphoenix8962 there's really not a good way to measure which animal is smarter, but corvids behave a lot less like monkeys than parrots do.
humans like to get pet parrots right? well once they get them, they will become very annoying because it keeps mimicking you and you just want to get rid of the parrot.
*imagines future bird society*
Primates are very interesting and I am honored to be in this order.
1:02 - I dunno about you guys, but this image of "the most inteligent primate" is really fitting for humanity
Humans are actually closer related to bonobos than chimps. Chimps evolved characteristics like larger muscles after splitting from bonobos, making them our closest living relative
Nope. We are equally close to them. Plus group them together plz. They are not so different at all.
finally! In your dog video you stated that the next video will be about snakes, and it was! Maybe there was a lot of research in your primate video, it had to be delayed. For some reason I'm getting a bit interested in rodents now, because there are literally 2000 of them little critters.
Haha! I was hoping you would see this! I think this relatives series is going to take me 20 years to complete!! Rodents are so interesting and I've also been looking at how to break down birds recently too, SO many families and species!! There will be more primate videos to come soon, I decided not to stuff them all into a single video so there will be one video on each of the main groups :)
Ok, also I did see your newest video.
The thing about how, with the exception of humans, that apes have the smallest range, well that's foreshadowing humans killing everything (killing everything is just an over exaggeration).
In your future ape video, can you explain how humans are foreshadowing the relatives series to why so many mammals (lemurs especially) are threatened.
The cladogram shown in the video is a bit misleading, because there's a myth where evolution is progress, and every step progressively gets better and better till we get to the top, which humans. Now through that idea out of the window, because that's not how it works. You see evolution is about small changes in an organism's genome and doesn't Matter whether it's superior than others (that's called dominion). Humans are just what's called a more derived ape, and the other apes in the superfamily is what's called ancestral (or informally 'primitive'). The order primates itself suggests dominion, because it literally means '1st rank'.
Man how on point and how slick and well explained and how well informed these videos are. You guys deserve much more views and subscribers
11:38 I looked over to UA-cam and got jump scared by the old world monkey
Thank you for all your fantastic work on your videos. It's very informative without being hard to grasp and the narration and images are a real pleasure. Super excited for this series
A nice overview of the primate family tree, with helpful background on geology, fossil formation, dental arrangement and genomes. I look forward to the next four videos. I hope you can cover behavioral phenotypes (ethograms, if available), cognition and social cognition.
Thank you so much for this, been waiting for this and you did a great job.
that is a very educational video - thanks so much. i have seen many different primates in their natural wild habitat. I saw Mtn Gorilla in Virunga in 93 and then in 2017 i saw the Marmoset in the Amazon and was super excited to add the 'smallest' one to my experience. maybe i need to make a list of which i have seen / yet to seen. I have travelled overland a lot and always add wildlife to my travel goals - always the most memorable experiences for me.
I'm glad you used an image of tree shrews for the evolutionary analogy. Purgatorius resembled tree shrews more than squirrels.
Two items missing was 1)the relationship of primates to the rodents. 2)center of evolution, it would appear that apes first evolved in Asia. Also puzzling was Euarchontaglires evolved in Laurasia, so how did cross over to Africa.
Love your sponsor advert! Very original and funny! 😁
I love your videos! They are really fun and full of interestic info :D
SO glad I found your channel, great video
Your videos are amazing! keep up the good job :)
Thank you so much, I'm glad you enjoy them :)
Excellent work. Thank you. Quite enjoyable.
Amazing video, i hope you will continue this primate saga.
I would love to see a video about orangutans, their use of tools is fascinating!
Excellent! Seeing as how I first learned about our primate heritage in my physical anthro class in 1968, I was overdo for a refresher!
Hey man what's the map you use at 4:23? I've been looking for a world map in that style for ages
11:46 scared the shit out of me
Turning the ad spot into the history of the product is definitely the way to get me to listen
1:02 “Mostly intelligent primates”. Shows man falling off his bike 😂
like US president.
Excellent News.
Another fascinating video.
Thanks!!
Sadly trying to work.
So evening viewing sorted.
Thanks, Adrian! Good to hear from you, enjoy the rest of your week :)
@@Textbooktravel
Just finished my day with your interesting video.
Wonderful stuff, as ever.
Thank you
LOVE UR VIDEOS!!
Thank you, George! :)
17:41 Seeing this really puts things into perspective. All humans share 99.9% of each others dna and yet we're all so unique. The 99% we share with chimps is not as close as it seems at first glance.
You may like watching Aron Ra's 50 part series 'Systematic Classification of Life' in this playlist
ua-cam.com/play/PLgRoK-eyLjomaNEGNHjb1r8YWbUzVIskd.html
Love the video!
This is a nice video thanks! The evolution of forward facing eyes is very interesting, since I believe that most primates and our ancestors are/would have been prey at some point...even the human lineage I believe have been prey species until relatively recently, I'd love to know more about this!
YAY I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR YEARS, anyways nice video :)
Haha, sorry! I've been dying to release this one! After doing all of the research for primates I went down the evolution rabbit hole and this is what transpired!! Thanks for watching :)
Great video!! 🦧
Funny thing recent fossil analysis shows some early hominids are several million years older than initially expected. Humanoid evolution is slowly showing to have started much earlier than initially predicted.
Hominin*
Humanoid refers to any tailless biped with a big head.
Homosapians are the last of the humans
best overview of primates i've seen 👏
“(Not acurate)” had me dying haha. Can’t tell if that was intended or not.
Learning about this from you was so much more interesting than in Upper School (High School) Biology 101!!!
Love the video
Thank you, glad you enjoyed it :)
Yes 2 days ago I was like needa primate vid and boom let’s go.
amazing ad
Best monkey pics I've ever seen! 😆
15:09 I can’t be the only one who thinks the chimp on the far right looks like an illustration from an anthropology textbook.
The most random lab scene ever! LOL 🤣: 15:15 to 15:30
I find the picture representing humankind quite accurate
11:26 He is staring into my soul. 0_0
Dmna cool bro
Seeing baby primates ride on their mothers' backs while walking on the ground makes me wonder if the instinct to do this might have inspired the first human horse-riders.
5:53 Lorisidae, not Losoridae
Thank you!
Epic advertising of VPN 😂
What about Bonobos?
Wait what species of primate is that on 17:10?
Looks like western gray gibbon from the island of Borneo.
awesome
Reject monkeys back to squirrels.
*back to shrews
Most small ancestral mammals are best to be told as shrews.
That is exactlybwhat it is and allnit is. A crazy story.
There are over eighteen extant families of primates, Lorisidae (Lorises, Pottos, and Angwantibos), Galagidae (Galagos), Lepilemuridae (Sportive Lemurs), Cheirogaleidae (Dwarf Lemurs, Mouse Lemurs, and Fork-Crowned Lemurs), Daubentoniidae (Aye-Aye and Fossil Relatives), Indriidae (Indri, Woolly Lemurs, and Sifakas), Lemuridae (Common Lemurs), Tarsiidae (Tarsiers), Aotidae (Owl Monkeys), Challitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins), Pitheciidae (Sakis, Uakaris, and Titis), Atelidae (Spider Monkeys, Howler Monkeys, and Woolly Monkeys), Cebidae (Capuchins and Squirrel Monkeys), Cercopithecidae (Swamp Monkeys), Colobidae (Colobuses, Langurs, Snub-Nosed Monkeys, and Proboscis Monkey), Papionidae (Baboons, Mangabeys, and Macaques), Hylobatidae (Lesser Apes), and Hominidae (Great Apes).
there is actually only one family of old world monkeys (Cercopithecidae). and not 3
Actually, old world monkeys are a polytypic superfamily (Cercopithecoidea) with three extant families, Cercopithecidae (Swamp Monkeys (contains 6 genera: Allenopithecus, Miopithecus, Erythrocebus, Chlorocebus, Allochrocebus, and Cercopithecus)), Colobidae (Colobuses, Langurs, Snub-Nosed Monkeys, and Proboscis Monkey (contains 10 genera: Procolobus, Colobus, Piliocolobus, Simias, Pygathrix, Presbytis, Trachypithecus, Semnopithecus, Rhinopithecus, and Nasalis)), and Papionidae (Baboons, Mangabeys, and Macaques (contains 15 genera: Macaca, Pithecoleo, Oreopithecus, Cynomolgus, Calidopithecus, Indocebus, Hyocaudus, Leucocebus, Melanocebus, Rungwecebus, Lophocebus, Cercocebus, Theropithecus, Mandrillus, and Papio)), that makes ten families of anthropoids, Catarrhini (Apes and Old World Monkeys) contains two superfamilies, Cercopithecoidea (Old World Monkeys (contains 3 families: Cercopithecidae, Colobidae, and Papionidae)) and Hominoidea (Apes (contains 2 families: Hylobatidae and Hominidae)), while Platyrrhini (New World Monkeys) contains two superfamilies, Callithricoidea (Lesser New World Monkeys (contains 2 families: Aotidae and Callithrichidae)) and Ceboidea (Great New World Monkeys (contains 3 families: Pitheciidae, Atelidae, and Cebidae)).
I disagree because according to wikipedia colobidae and papionidae, don't exist, even when I type them in on Google they don't exist, and for colobidae when I type it in it says "do you mean columbidae?" And for papionidaeit says "do you mean papilionidae?"
Columbidae - doves
Papilionidae - family of butterflies
Same with callithricoidea and ceboidea, when I Google them, they don't exist.
I have no clue where or how you got those clades from.
11:26
IM SORRY WTF IS THAT?!?!?!?!?!
We go from a Chad mouse to the inventor of nerd emoji. How.
The Galapagos Islands were probably colonized from South America in, I believe a shorter time then to South America From Africa?
I’m curious about the Philippian Colugos. Thanks
Primates are my least favorite animals (still love them). I love your teaching style, great work.
so if you don't like primates, you hate yourself.
@@billyr2904 umm I never said I didn’t like them, in fact, I explicitly said i did. I just said they were my least favorite group of animals
Oh, I'm sorry, I didn't mean to harm your feelings, it was just a joke.
@@billyr2904 yeah sorry, didn’t know it was a joke.
Humans being primates doesn’t interest me. What interests me is the reduction of the number of teeth from earliest mammals (44) to the catarrhines (32), the replacement of oestrus with menstruation, the evolution in size and configuration of the brain, and the evolution of a simplex uterus. These are very fascinating things we don’t usually hear about but are what constitute the fundamental physiological differences of various primates from other primates and other mammals, not to mention the obvious reduction in jaw length, increase in cranial volume and the shifts in diet.
Where do the Ethiopian geladas fall within the primate family tree?
You did not mention bonobos percent of similarity
Bonobos are chimp like
Dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago not, 65 million years ago. And the first Dinosaur appeared on Earth about 245 million years ago, so Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for 179 million years, but this video is still very interesting
dinos did not go fully extinct, and are still around us as loud annoying birds.
@@billyr2904 That's right, the avian Dinosaurs
hmmmm whats 1 million years between friends... hahaha
???
The Cretaceous ended around 65.5-66 Ma. Many sources cite older data that suggest the first figure, which is now probably less accurate, but with the rounding and inaccuracy inherent to popular science it's not a huge crime to be off by less than 2%
hmm, I see a pattern here.
relatives video
parks video
relatives video
parks video
you get the point
Please react Middle East and Armenia geography & history 👍👍👍✌️🇦🇲
I'd congratulate you on finding the most adorable pictures, but apes and monkeys are the creepiest animals.
Stick a spider to my face any day.
Haha! I've heard some horrifying stories about chimpanzees but spiders are way more terrifying to me!!
We don't have any dangerous spiders where I live. Worst they can do is give you a little tickle!
one word which makes primates terrifying... canines, large, sharp canines.
So if I've got this right... We come from Dinosaurs
No
Are some gorillas born with vestigial tails like some humans?
Nobody do that really know. Most of this monkey will quickly get a plastic surgery, when there mother's become aware of it.
@@marculatour6229 are you an AI
@@thegameranch5935
I dont know. But i will ask my mother about it.
Good question but those are atavisms not vestigial per se.
Bonobo or other bonobo bro.... needs more info. Signed Anthropologist
There's nothing "crazy" in this story. It was an excellent video and you have a fantastic channel. Please don't cheapen it with clickbait headlines.
He didn’t even talk about the actual things worth talking about primates. Bad video.
99?
I thought 97
Also, we are more than 99.9% similar
I mean us humans
"Most Intelligent..." no...wait, thats not what he said.
It would be nice if there were subtitles, these fast spoken English and American dialectics are hard to understand!
Hehe funny monkey pictures. For real tho these videos are like crack for my brain, gimme them animal facts
since there is only 2 families of apes, how about you spilt the video up by genus?
Hylobates
Hoolock
Symphalangus
Nomascus
Pongo
Gorilla
Homo
Pan
(I place Pan infront of homo because there is only one species in homo and two species in pan)
do the same with the old world monkeys.
Dinosaurs didn't rule the Triassic Dicynodonts and Cynodonts did, which is an anscestor of mammals, not until the Triassic extinction event did Dinosaurs get the leg up over Synapsids which the smallest versions survived, mammals.
It's not as simple as that. There were various different groups of animals that ruled the Triassic before the dinosaurs. Did you forget about terrestrial pseudosuchians?
@@kade-qt1zu You're right, I made the assumption based off the Lystrosaurus in the Early Triassic, which was 95% of animal life. The Middle and Late period saw the rise if Archosaurs and the subsequent Dinosaurs, filling in neiches that the cynodonts could not. My mistake, I have read more about the subject since.
@@rworded Oh it's fine. Sorry if I came across as rude. I'm so used to creationist comments that it's just refreshing to see someone offering an actual correction.
@@kade-qt1zu nah dude, it didnt come off that way at all, you're good. I don't even entertain the creationists, no point.
@@rworded IKR. They're such troglodytes.
OK. it not. bad
Fun story - when I went to the zoo few years ago, I stopped by chimpanzee area to watch them. Some of them were napping while others were monkeying around. But what caught my eye was one chimp who was sitting on the rock and was doing something that looked like he was counting on his fingers. Then, all of a sudden, he stopped and threw his hands in the air and started "counting" again. He kept repeating the same process for a while until he accidentally smacked himself in a face with his hand and then he just gave up. For me, that was a proof that they are our closest relatives, for I have never seen an animal displaying such a human behavior.
lol, 'smacked himself in the face'
I don’t think you need to go off on tangents about fossilization and genetics.
So "Nigga" is not a curse word. Interesting.
(I'm black)
Why did you get that impression from this video?
@@major_kukri2430, Many people are uninformed and think blacks are more related to chimps than other races are to chimps. But this is obviously false in terms of biological evolution. It's even being made as an excuse to either be racist or to discredit evolution.
But in actuality, every race is just as human as the other.
Monke
No, reject monke and human, return to shrew.
So basically...all the other apes are just incomplete humans...
No species is incomplete. The hominid family contains several species.
@@AMC2283 it was joke 😂
Will humans go extinct within 100 million years… And of course will start all over again maybe raccoons maybe kangaroos maybe orcas??? maybe water bears??😮😊😂🎉❤
Actually its only 2 percent of their dna we share with apes but that 2 percent is 90 percent shared or the same fact
tripe
When human reach their full strength potential their body structure will be like gorilla but with different brain size
For me, I don’t believe in the evolution theory.
With all due respect, the idea of all creatures evolved from a single living organism doesn’t seem very plausible.
Very plausible to be honest. And it doesn’t exclude the notion of God either. See, fossils and molecular science are constantly proving it. But evolution doesn’t explain everything.
anyone who believes they're actually related to monkeys just might be. but everyone else isn't at all
😮oh you evolution 😂 hahaha a good day 3
Monkeys on a raft across the Atlantic? 🤣
Here's a new idea. What if the earliest hominids (say 4, 5, maybe 10 million years ago) were all bipedal all along from Day 1? But we were so violent and deadly due to our bipedalness allowing for handheld weapons to be swung with greater force, we drove all the other primate groups of great apes' ancestry up into the trees for protection where they developed hands and feet for climbing. It's difficult to climb a tree and carry a rock at the same time and we're still working on improving the solutions to that problem to this day. Hominins didnt come down from the trees, we drove the hominids up into the trees.
Nope. Incorrect.
Lies
Haha! Very ill informed.
Calling someone wrong without providing any counter claims. Awesome.
Prove it
Allah
Chimpanzees are not a person nor ancestor of humans 😢
They aren't our ancestors, they are our distant cousins.
Please learn more about the basics of evolution before making instant judgements.
@@numbercode2486 In turn; please learn to read what was stated. He stated the are NOT our ancestors, only for you to stupidly come along and announce "They aren't our ancestors...Please learn more about the basics of evolution before making instant judgements.".
He already made the correct judgement, you clown!
@@Dr.Ian-Plect calm down
I watched up until Nord VPN =(
I believe that the animal species we have left now, don't taste good, or were too hard to hunt. The less intelligent, dangerous or weak breeders were wiped out. They had to be too ferocious, taste ugly, be useful or very cute to make it to present day.
Rom 1:22 Professsing themselves to be wise, they became fools.