The Origins of the Neanderthals
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- Опубліковано 3 кві 2019
- A short video on the latest evidence for the evolution of the Neanderthals.
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Sources:
Meyer, Matthias, et al. “Nuclear DNA Sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima De Los Huesos Hominins.” Nature, vol. 531, no. 7595, 2016, pp. 504-507., doi:10.1038/nature17405.
Papagianni, Dimitra. The Neanderthals Rediscovered. Thames & Hudson, 2015.
Pettitt, Paul. The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge, 2011.
Roberts, Alice. Evolution: The Human Story. Dk Pub, 2018.
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www.stefanmilo.com
Historysmilo
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I don't think they're completely extinct. Their modern descendants found niches in modern society as bouncers, gym teachers, security guards and the like. I base this hypothesis on nothing.
Yeah saw a guy about 5ft 9in no kneck red hair& huge caves ,with appropriate wide shoulders.A real natural power house
Jewish Reptoid ur a genius
The hell angels too. but basically all caucasians.
You forgot one profession: English teacher.
@@backalleycqc4790 I actually had an extremely good English teacher. Only problem was my dyslexia that had not been spotted.
Wow this video is significantly popular than my videos typically are! As with all my videos I'm very open about the sources I use to get this information, you can find them in the description. I always use sources that were written by academics in the field.
Thanks for watching! Hope you enjoyed it?
Next vids in the Neanderthal series will be out in the next 2 weeks and will be about:
- How smart were the Neanderthals?
- Why did the Neanderthals die out?
100% of us did thank you!
@ethan midwell well, according to Milo, if you feel attracted to your siblings, now you know why
Had to subscribe, don't want to miss the next video.
According to recent information, early Neanderthal that have been found in Israel and other locations were more like us (height and build) than the later European Neanderthals found in Neander Valley in France. Which could mean regional variation played a role in a similar way that Eskimos differ from warm climate modern humans (Inca or Myan).
Also, a large amount of new fossil evidence has been found recently and it continues to be found all over the Eurasian continent. The assumptions made today will change tomorrow.
Watching you chomping on that pizza makes me ask have the Neanderthals really died out?
''stocky with a big nose from around france'' >herd of wild Gérard Depardieux.
Best joke ever.
I got it. Because I remember Gerard
@@DrymouthCWW yeah, i member
this guy should call himself "the stoned paleoanthropologist". totally baked.
Ah, I see. That is why I could turn off the subtitles that I usually need in english. But one should watch it stoned only if sparing an own pizza. Good clip though, enjoyed it. Going to have a look in the kitchen now.
Yes! I knew i wasn't the only stoned history nerd.
@@TheBernhardEwers people that are into this kind and level of academia and are stoners are a hard breed to come by 😩😭
@@GabrielaMendoza-bu2tk They are! Unfortunately.
Pot = good
Hello Stefan, I am not usually one to comment but I found your channel only recently (when looking up some docs about the neolithic period) and I must say I am really impressed with your channel. I can see the passion you have for the field, the effort you put into the video's (even for a small joke, or a very small part) and that deserves some credit. I love the little jokes in between, the editing and your own opinion and speculation on some matters (which you don't state as facts).
Keep it up and enjoy what you are doing! That way I can keep enjoying your content!
We seem to be gathering new revelations on the daily that dispells the stereotype. My favorite new fact is better posture then Homo Sapiens. The spine was also more recessed inside the ribcage for better balance. They also had a much more efficient diaphragm and greater lung capacity. I could go on and on. fascinating stuff.
Yeah that's why I put that caveat at the start, it's entirely possible that everything I just said will be provably wrong in just a few years.
true. We call it Olive skin. similar in tone to modern Europeans that live in the Mediterranean today. Although, northern populations of Neanderthals become lighter and the Redhead mutation pops up. Redheads are a unique Neanderthal trait but I'm not sure how exclusive that is.
Slow down.
"Most Neanderthals didn't even have red hair at high frequency."
I agree with this statement.
@Herbal Shaman They actually most likely had a similar range of skin, hair, and eye color tones to what we have.
Some had genes for red hair and light eyes. Such traits are very uncommon in people with a particularly dark skin tone.
Basically, we would probably not really think they stood out as much as we once thought they did.
I mean.. I remember them being depicted as stupid slow grunting hairy ape-like brutes not all that long ago. (Notably that was before we found out we interbred with them...)
@@a_diamond sorry but the mutation responsible for the pale skin we see today did not exist during neanderthals time on Earth. Neanderthals were dead and gone well before SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 showed in the hominid population. There is zero evidence neandys started in Europe, their fossils also very common in Middle East.
What I got from this video:
A few nods,
and an intense hunger for pepperoni pizza.
Their arms were shorter and less range of movement in hips and shoulders. Great wrestlers. Lousy boxers.
Their huge skulls absorbes all the punches so they would still be good Boxers. Not forgetting these guys are built for close Fighting.
Its interesting to think about how much physical variance 2 genetically similar humans can achieve just by training in different ways. I wonder what a Neanderthal that had ten years worth of power lifting or strongman training and diet would look like!
Reach is not always an advantage in some "inside fighting" boxing styles. Look at Mike Tyson or Wonderboy Thomson. But I digress.
My guess is your not a wrestler?
W McGarry you beat me to it mentioning Iron Mike his ability to get low and use leverage in his punches was amazing.
Super funny and informative at the same time, detailed and with proper quotations. One of the most underrated channels on here
The pizza was there to take care of the munchies 🌿🚬💨👍
He does look happy!!!
I want pizza.. Mmmmmmmm melty cheezzzzze
He's my favorite prehistory based channel after this
He never stopped smiling and ate the hell out of that pizza, so yeah, I'm thinking you're onto something.
Good way to do it! Ooey gooey mozzarella - yum!
It would be really cool if you could do an update video about the newest findings!
Seconding this. 👀
Love your videos. Not only informative but funny and fascinating. Plus, you are a great presenter.
Had me smiling at Cyrano popping out of the undergrowth! Excellent video :-)
Production quality increased dramatically! Information as interesting as ever
Thanks, I'm trying my best!
I learned something. Thanks. I didn't know about Homo Antecessor. I thought Neanderthals evolved directly from Homo Erectus. I hope DNA evidence will someday point out our direct ancestry at some point in the future I am actually pretty interested.
Research has already shown that the DNA of Neanderthal and Denisovan was 15-16ths human and 1-16th chimpanzee. The ape-men were not human ancestors. They were the result of human-ape hybridization.
@@Mdebacle Ape men? Human ape hybridization? Either I read this wrong and mistook it for something else you you're talking nonsense. The ancestors to apes and humans split millions of years ago. Or do you mean something else?
@@Mdebacle no.
@@bgerystt3801 At 19 minutes into the CARTA video ua-cam.com/video/PGS7unca-ZQ/v-deo.html , the Leipzig people concluded a "40,000" year old NM fossil was as chimp-like as its own "800,000" year old ancestors. The actual truth was impermissibly horrible.
@@killgora1humans are apes
This video was soooo helpful for my Human Evolution class. Thank you for making history easy to understand for everyone.
This is probably the first time I've ever seen someone use Calgary as a reference point. Like I kind of always assumed most people didn't even know we existed
Calgary?
I had a random Calgary Flames t-shirt as a kid in Florida...so, randomly people sometimes know you exist outside of the Olympics.
Gekganatg: moniker code puzzle for you.
I've known about Calgary since I was a young Neanderthal visiting your stampede.
Couldn't catch a single prey, though.
"Almost as far north as Edmonton", would have been a much better reference point.
Go Oilers!!......next season?......soon??
Calgary is a common reference point for comparing the latitude of European cities and countries climates another is irkutsk. Berlin for example is about the same latitude as Calgary and irkutsk but significantly warmer
HI Stefan, found your channel yesterday, binge watching already and just have to give you a big, big thumbs up! Especially for eating a pizza during all of it. No snarky comments will ever come from me - just a total appreciation of your hard work.
Nice attempt at encapsulating the current knowledge in a fun way. I'll keep a look out for future videos.
That's it! You discovered the cause of the collapse of Neanderthal population. It was the fact that they didn't have any pizza.
Not its because they didn't have custard Neanderthals went extinct around the Same time homo sapiens learned how to make custard but the Neanderthals liked custard but didn't know how to make custard so they would steal custard from homo sapiens eventually homo sapiens got so fed up with Neanderthals stealing custard that they decided they needed a final solution to the Neanderthal stealing custard problem and wiped them out in the worlds first act of genocide which left us as the only remaining human species on Earth
Oh they had pizza. They just didnt know how to turn the oven on. They had to just eat uncooked pizza all the time. yuck. :-)
@@smelkus ... So this "Custard"
Whats this Custard in Modern times...
@@smelkus I have heard they did drugs though ~
I was a 16 yo in NYC during the '64 World's Fair out with my cousins to a neighborhood bar eating pizza. I casually mentioned that pizza was developed in Italy; the waitress (about 90) corrected me that pizza was first concocted in the Big Apple. Anyone know?
Very informative and nicely presented.
They excelled at Greco-Roman wrestling, but none of them could slam dunk.
Lol yup basically
Slam dunk someone in a clay arena and it would likely kill them. Also you do know WWE is acting right?
@@gordonlawrence4749 You... you do realize WWE is not Greco-Roman wrestling, right?
I love your videos. They’re so interesting and informative. I really have learned a lot from you.
Fascinating stuff, looking forward to an updated video with that newer info.👍
Excellent video and really professional looking! The age ranges in prehistoric ancestry stuff always blows my mind and I've never been able to square that particular circle. Good pizza as well.
Thanks! I've got to say this was one of the best oven pizzas I've had. Tons of pepperoni!
@@StefanMilo It looked it and I'm welly jelly.
Now I want some Neanderthal pizza with goat cheese and bear blood sausage ;-)
im fine with our recipe - a bushel of wheat, cut out some pig ass throw it on there, you know that milk stuff that comes from cows? get a bunch of that, let it rott for a bit, throw that on there, thorw in a bunch of tomatoes and add some water, cook it up and bam, pizza!!
Like your videos, but when you show maps concerning prehistoric periods, can you please indicate coastlines as they were at the time?
The problem with that is the "coastlines" for those times we have, are at best approximations and he does try and stick to hard facts where possible.
Only if you punch yourself in the left nut
Oh mate, not to be a pronunciation Nazi, but Happisburg is pronounced “Hays-borough”. Norfolk takes difficult British names and dials it up to 11
Oh man, I avoid mispronouncing the Hungarian name then screw up a town from my own country. Can't trust those Norfolk fen dwellers.
Lived there a while and couldn’t work out how Norfolk people always knew I was new. I’d say “I’ve just got to drive to wymondham” or something and people would look at me and ask “new here then?”
He's a pronunciation nasi.. A racist magic slumlord who steals land through deceit and genocide allows for the appropriation of languages and pronunciations.
do you mean Happisburgh (correct spelling)
Khasab ah yes. I left Norfolk in 2005. All it’s little quirks are fading.
5:50 to be fair lad, eating an entire baguette throughout the video would've been a bit strange.
I always picture Neanderthals like fantasy dwarves.
They'd be absolutely stacked for sure.
There still are many humans with the same characteristic features.
@@antonypiniepedus1066 But nobody with all of them.
Your content and vibe are really great dude, keep up the good work, i really dont get why your subs/views arent waay higher
Thanks I appreciate that. It's getting there though. I'm just focusing on making better videos.
What is the instrumental beat that starts at 3:19? You have good taste in music my dude.
Could you consider doing one on how it would have been possible for h. sap to interbreed with h. neander? There would have been a number of obstacles to overcome: size of pelvis/birth canal vrs. size of head, differences in relative strength, caloric requirements, to name a few.
Yeah, but us primates are horney, he'll yeah i would've tackled one of them big neanderthal gals😁😁😁😁 !!
Almost the same size height. I've seen bigger difference in sizes between 2 humans than would exist between an average human and neanderthal.
I've seen women shorter than 5 ft with guys over 6 ft, Which would equal a short Neanderthal with a tall human.
And there are guys who are at the height of a neanderthal who are with women who are much taller than the guy.
I suppose we have that "variation desire".
It's the larger eyes and nose which would be the obvious thing when they are face to face.
You can crossbreed a tiny dog with a very large dog and the size difference between them are much bigger than there between humans and neanderthals. I've seen Labrador Terrier pups.
Really nice. Looking forward to part 2!
We may not actually have a meaningful fossil record of the Neanderthal in their usual habitat because they may have preferred the warmer coastal climate and the ice age coastline is well under water.
Technically given that H. Sappiness and H. Neanderthal successfully crossbreed producing fertile offspring they cannot be considered separate specie. H. Sappiness and H. Neanderthal are subspecies of jet undiscovered more basal form. By extension so is H. Hilderbengensis and Denovisian. Technically speaking we are all same specie.
yes actually they are considered as subspecies , because with given complexity , variance in our family , divergence from population to subspecies and than to species have to take hundreds of thousands if not million years , modern humans have aren't even subspecies , yet we still use term ' race ' to refer to different populations with barely a 1. 5 % genetic difference , in some populations of Africa person can be more similar to someone from Europe than to someone from African continent .
Is it just a coincidence that they look like modern depictions of Dwarves? I don't know the history of Dwarf mythology but could there be a connection between these old tales and the Neanderthal?
Good question and probably impossible to ever answer accurately. I have always wondered if our ancestors stumbling across fossils influenced their mythology. I suppose it could be some oral history of meeting these guys. 20,000 odd years seems like a long time for stories to be passed down but not impossible I suppose.
Absolutely they lived in Europe where Dwarf mythology originated. There physical description is the same. Dwarves were believed to live under ground. Neanderthals lived in caves. Highly intelligent but never very numerous. There are far to many similarity's for there not to be a link. Just like the hobbits found on the island of Flores in Indonesia. The locals had myths about the little people who used to live there long ago. A myth based on something real. Has the tendency to survive in tribal memory for ever. Humans have a genetic memory. When something imprints on use in a profound way. We carry it on from generation to generation. Kinda like a natural fear of snakes or spiders. Even dragons are the embodiment of every predator blended together. That early human ancestors had to watch out for.
Just imagine our ancestors reaction to finding dinosaur fossils! Could this be where the myth for dragons came from? Definitely seems like a discovery to share with the rest of the group in the form of a tale.
@@factsbeforefeellings6115 "Neanderthals lived in caves." no more or less than homo sapiens did. There is no standard description of dwarves, physically and just because there could be some relation it is important not to jump to the conclusion that there *_is_* , correlation is not causation, remember
@@Philrc You need to read your mythology. There is absolutely a standard definition of dwarves. Along with all mythical creatures. Some of the oldest surviving works of literature describe mythical creatures in detail. When JJR Tolken wrote his books he used these resources to create many of his racial archetypes. Correlation is not causation, Does not hold up when ancient legend and modern science come into agreement. Dwarves Re just one of many examples of ancient legend being loosely based on reality. The idea that ancient people were primitive and there for ignorant as you suggest is false. These people were more intelligent then we are in many ways. So it is ridicules to think that stories could not have been passed down for millennia just like hunting and fishing Technics. I find it funny how scientist will come in contact with isolated peoples and claim they have traditions which survived for tens of thousands of years. Yet the peoples of ancient Europe are equated to ignorant troglodytes.
Happisburg? Noooooo!!! It’s pronounced “Haysbru”. (Second syllable like in Edinburgh.)
I mustache you how did you stubble upon that intro idea?
There comes a time in every mans life when he thinks "lol lets grow a moustache"
Note the 130,000 year old necklace from eagle claws found in Krapina (total of 24 individuals). All 8 claws were modified for stringing
I became obsessed with watching the pepperoni peeling off his pizza slice all through the narrative. I was so focussed on whether the last piece was going to drop off or not that I had to go back and watch the last three minutes again.
Pronounced Verteshsolosh with the emphasis on the first syllable.
Thanks, I knew one of them would be a 'sh' sound. Just didn't want to get it wrong.
Damn I've thought for years that pizza was from Persia, cause to be honest it's hard to defines what a pizza is and what it's not. Even Charlemagne's tables knew something very similar except for the tomatoes as you can "guess" ! My Napolitain ancestors would lynch me right now if they knew.
I live like in the heart of the Neanderthal civilisation- South West France - and a land of rugby, is it a coincidence?! :D
Love the format, the warm/friendly/humorous style, if only my English accent was as good as yours.
Thank you great one in my humble opinion!
Raphaël Dordeins Always wanted to see a DNA sampling of rugby front rowers especially from SW France
@@mattiasdahlstrom2024 I also live in SW France, dept 64. Remember you that in France is forbidden by law doing DNA regional or local studies, they have to be done all over France territory. Cordialement
I have burning question: Where did you get that delicious looking pizza. That Pepperoni is to die for. The cook was not cheap with the slices.
Good History about Europe and Neanderthals!
Great video. 😃 But using the 300 000 to 125 000 year old Kabwe skull from present day Zambia is a bit misleading. It clearly represents a side branch.
Seeing as how evolution is so slow and gradual in most cases of hominid evolution, it's going to be hard to nail down a certain species in a certain area at a certain time.
Any common ancestors, would also continue to breed with members of both. (Probably even all 3 of the splintering species for a significant time).
I saw the heidelbergensis jawbone in the museum here. It is really huge!
You're throwing around thousands of years in these calculations, but I'm not sure it's completely understood exactly How long 10k years are, let alone 500k. Thanks
Always bringing it back to the scale human can relate to aye?
Pizza originates in the middle east from the flatbreads of the moors/ saracens that conquered southern Italy.
Pita
@E. R. Yes all true, not european.
Most cultures have a "baked bread and topping" kind of recipe. Realistically our modern pizza is rooted in Italian cuisine though. Shout out to any Neapolitan viewers!
In my opinion, Neanderthals evolved from a process called punctuated equilibrium than by sympatric speciation with other proto Homo species to become who they are now: Neanderthal. Also, their postorbital bar surrounding their orbital (eyes) is an old trait just like their large rib cage and no chin. That are modern human features. Interesting videos thought, thanks for sharing!
So many good videos came out today. I'm still watching SMilo's first
Thanks man, I appreciate that!
I did study Paleoanthropology at Buffalo State College, while serving in the USN via accelerated advancement, a Navy Dentist (Officer) did tell me that I had "Archaic" features to my teeth and jaws that were "no longer common in the modern gene pool" lol at 51 years old I am in fantastic shape do to my physical job, and, most people think I'm in my 30's.
Your genes have toughed it out lol! Thanks for watching!
Hey James Kish,
My good friend Dave Kish (14 miles south of Buffalo) recently told me he did a dna test and had a high Neanderthal markers..
@@jimijames9642 I live in North Tonawanda, N.Y. about ten miles north of Buffalo, N.Y. Kish is a Hungarian last name, my Dad is 100% my Mom though was pure Irish; tall, brunette, fair skin, dark eyes.
James Kish I thought the Irish were red-heads with very white skin....
then she must have been of Spanish Ancestry, some sailor from the Spanish-Armada which stranded during their attempt to conquer Elizabethanian-England.
And were the Neanderthals up to the very end not inhabitants of the spanish South?!?
@@antonypiniepedus1066Lol yes, there is a story to that, My Great Grandfather on my Mothers side was a sailor with the U.S. Navy, and was said to have married a beautiful Spanish women in @ 1899.
The term thal or dale in English means valley and it is where dollar or thaller comes from.
There was once a silver mine in a valley that produced so much silver that is where the name dollar comes from.
yes, hence their name as the first skeleton was found in the Neander valley in Germany
Neanderthal = the Neander Valley
@@antonypiniepedus1066 Why do people never read previous comments? I said exactly that 18 hours ago. Read!
it will stop the endless repetition in youtube comments.
@@Philrc perhaps it was way down the list.
Recent excavations have uncovered an individual that possess the fine facial features common to homo sapiens sapiens, but which are older than Heidelbergensis and discovered I believe in North Africa. The distinguishing characteristic of these individuals is in a cell program or a gene rather, which caused cells in dermal tissue and muscle to re-uptake calcium from bone deposits in the skull and other skeletal parts if necessary, after it had already been laid down as bone. This resulted in the lack of excessive brow ridges as we see in most other hominidae and in our close cousins who do not have the gene for the re-uptake of calcium or the same genetic control of how much calcium is laid down as bone e.g. conspicuously as brow ridges.
I could listen to you all day long! Cheers from Belgium!
It is lovely to hear something positive about Europe, but for flat breads we have the Middle East to thank.
Yep.
Pizza was invented by the romans though. It was one of the very first "fast foods". Also when you think of flat bread pizza that is not how the originals were and not how they are in places like Strega in South Italy. You are more thinking of the American style crispy pizza. Original Pizza had just four ingredients, bread dough, tomato, oregano, and either a little garam, or if you were less skint, finely chopped pork pieces. This was all mixed together and put in a ceramic tray about 2 inches (5 ish CM) deep. The finished product was then sold in blocks or squares. The original pizzas were rectangular not round (to save space in the ovens) and cheese was added extremely recently and then only to "stick" the ingredients to the top when this became the fashion in New York.
@@gordonlawrence4749 Europe thought tomatoes were the devil until 1492.
@@vincivedivicilextalionas4036 And your point is? Napoli Pizza (the first to actually have the name) has tomatoes in and most Italian cooking only has 4 ingredients if it is traditional. Foccacia which is what pizza is derived from is Roman whichever way you look at it. Foccacia had assorted vegetables in it depending what was available at the time and as far as I can see almost never cheese.
@@gordonlawrence4749 *Thats my point*
I bet there was some speacial seasoning on that pizza !
until he finished the neanderthalian "woop ey oh üh ah eh ahehh erewego" line and his troglodytishly large first bite of pizza, he appeared just like kinda average - but after that he gets his typical "looking like me after 3 hours in the coffeeshop" look to his face again .....hmmm....
Amazing channel and content, congratulations!
Love the channel! Please keep it up!
there have been examples of natural elongated skulls which did not go through cranial deformation. they also lack saggital sutures, and have their spine a bit back. some elongated skulls were found in some ancient sites, along with false elongated skulls(gone through cranial deformation) dating back to a later time period. maybe people back then, wanted to imitate these large heads and cranially deformed babies to have a false elongated skull. although the saggital suture does not disappear after cranial deformation. lack of saggital suture is probably a genetic trait, and not something you can have just by cranial deformation. i remember some guy in bolivia checking out elongated skulls, and they dna tested them and saw that they are genetically different from the common human. there is a strong smear campaign against this. apparently they label all elongated skulls as cranially deformed skulls, and anyone who says otherwise is smeared as a crackpot
Ya. They fit descriptions of the Canaanite long necks or Rephaim which were said to be 'sons of the gods' - Not very sciency sounding but the fact that 2200 ancient cultures report their existence I dont think it matters.
Watch ancient aliens and replace "extra terrestrial" with "unknown hominid"
If you really dig into it, there is tons of evidence of hominid species that lived alongside us up until just maybe 10 thousand years ago. Almost every culture has stories of "gods" and "titans" that lived alongside us. (They aren't gods, or aliens, just hominids)
I guess 2200 ancient cultures lied and miraculously made up the EXACT, SAME LIE without having any contact with each other ;) -
also, when it comes that sham zecharia. his mistranslation(which he did on purpose) of the word annunaki, ended up muddying the waters. annunaki were high born people, of nobility/royalty. not really aliens. in fact the word for otherworldy/ alien/ foreign is NOT annunaki. alot of major world leaders back in the day were always depicted to be bigger than average in body/head size. and "great in mind". even during medieval times, there were people of nobility who had larger than average heads, and were either natural, or cranially deformed. would be nice if actual study of these would be conducted instead of the scientific community continually smearing anyone who does not conform to the mainstream held beliefs. in previous decades, just the thought of neanderthals, existing in the past and/or how, they were absorbed into european and asian peoples was not always well accepted by the scientific community. that changed in recent years. i bet the "politically correct" nutjobs in the scientific community would be against this, more so that black subsaharans contain very little-to almost no neanderthal dna. and most successful countries that currently exist have around 1-2% neanderthal dna on their major ethnic groups.
oh yeah, dunno if its true. and please someone confirm this but.. i heard that at the top3 places with highest average IQ. all those three have MORE than 2% neanderthal dna (som1 please check this, i could be wrong) those would be hong kong, japan and korea. seems like the denisovans also interbred with neanderthals and homo sapiens.. denisovans have similarities to neanderthals and share some traits
7:06 and that's just the young ladies.
Lol!
Munchin' With Milo ASMR would be amazing especially if you also whispered archeology stuff in-between bites 🤣 Call me weird, but I love eating/whispering ASMR 🤣
I have no idea how UA-cam decided to recommend your channel. I was watching mount biking and then I saw your channel. Now I can’t stop watching you, great channel. I guess UA-cam can read minds now.
those smiling eyes of yrs really make me think you've been dancing with mary jane, and perhaps are mid munchies due to wedge of pizza
Lol everyone says that
Hey, you seen my sister?
I was thinking the same, Are you with the munchies? 😅
It's crazy how quickly our knowledge of pre-history is evolving thanks to DNA evidence. And it's crazy how little these breakthroughs become known to the general public, you know? For example, I thought Paleontology was sort of "dead" but then I read that they are discovering more fossils than ever!
A great video Stephen. Want to thumbs up for the video but thumbs up for the pizza - get a real one next time smh
Oh yeah it's a real golden age for prehistory at the moment.
Pass on my apologies to Mr. Depardieu!
@Taiwanlight very true.
There is no such thing as DNA. No one has ever directly seen a molecule of any kind. All images of DNA and molecules are fabricated computer pictures.
Is that a giant femur bone on the right at 1:28?
The Gerard Depardieu bit killed me, good work!
Couldn't it be to get more air through the nose, to get more energy? Like being more energy efficient?
The ice age forced them to live in cave and had to hunt in frozen environment.
I don't know when I subscribed to this channel, but I like it!
I used to be called Tai Lopez.
Neanderthals the source of red hair?
I knew it!
I will read more, but I have a suspicion about blue eyes, too.
Different genes. Their red hair gene does not survive.
Humosapiance had larger brains before the invention of wheat...
Much like dogs are "retarded" wolves, modern humans are similarly domesticated homonids, shrunken brains, weak, and sickly by comparison.
Pootin
dogs are retarded wolfs 😂😂
The fact that nothing has been found, doesn't mean there was nothing there.
It ALSO doesn't mean anything IS there!
When your technological advance is a differently shaped rock
I wonder if the old Norse tales of trolls were started by contact with the last Neanderthals.
Been to Gibraltar 🇬🇮 and la Ferrassie 🇫🇷 the Neanderthal were quite intelligent. Cuevas Nerja 🇪🇸
It's true, they weren't the bumbling idiots that they used to be portrayed as.
@@StefanMilo Fire from flint and pyrites, birch pitch, and more.
I used to know a neanderthaler. Barrel-shaped, short and wide, huge nose, no chin. He was quick witted, a fast, but sloppy learner - could learn anything in fact, was multilingual, a man of many trades. His career had been diverse to say the least. He'd been a trucker in the US, helicopter pilot in Greenland and an entertainment singer and comedian (great voice, perfect pitch)
Despite all this, he commanded no respect whatsoever and his intelligence was always hugely underestimated by everyone, initially by me as well.
This, I believe, was due to two strange quirks: he spoke very fast, but with poor pronounciation and his mental associations went tangentially in all directions all the time to the extent that it was hard to fathom, what he wanted to convey.
He never could keep a job and this was due to a completely uncontrollable love for booze. Once he got started, no moderation, no control!
So you'll understand why I harbor this secret suspicion that neanderthalers succumbed to alcoholism as soon as they came into contact with farmers who knew how to ferment crops. 😉
Lol - but super interesting story and this should be a factor yes!
if we see indians in America, and aboriginals in Australia, it is exactly that till today...
I'm glad you are focusing on "big" history here and not just recent history of changing borders drawn on maps. The down side to talking about different humans evolution is the fossil record is so sparse it is really hard to put the puzzle together. Everything is very uncertain.
Did you read about the 200+ Neanderthal footprints recently excavated in southern France? Apparently most were kids but the several adults there were over 6 ft tall.
They will be my relatives then
Probably Homo Jimmy Savil... The pedo king of paleolithic time...
like it
Love how the pizza shrunk over the course of the presentation!
is the occiptiall bun the same thing as the occiprical protuberance in modern humans?
Excellent, thanks. A fascinating subject, the fact that you look as though you're about to burst out laughing at any moment makes it even better.
Thanks, I get a lot of hate for smiling. I CAN'T HELP IT!
@@StefanMilo No hate from me, chum. Keep up the good work!
Aye, but which one turned into bigfoot?😀🦍👣
Third one from the left is my bet.
I wonder, how do you get usable DNA from bones as old as Heidelbergensis? They're fossilized - I didn't think DNA could survive that process? Or did they get it from their teeth?
Stefan, please change the sound track, it doesnt make justice to such a great content. ; )
Yeah they took care of the elderly (40 years old).
This man is living in the Stoned Age
differences in climate had a big impact on which traits are passed on and inbreeding in the beginning strenghtened so traits
Brilliant mate.
You sound like a Kiwi, are you not?
Nope, I'm a Brit. I've lived in the USA for 3 years though and it's messed up my accent.
@@StefanMilo only three I thought a bit longer
What's the diff. between hominids, hominoids and hominins?
What an awesome channel! Thanks for everything!
1:36
Slight thing of note - "Happisburgh" is pronounced as "hayz-bruh"
The occipital bun was due to Neanderthals having a highly developed occipital brain region - the region that controls reflexes and hand-eye co-ordination. Also any comparison with modern humans physically doesn't work as they fall outside of the range of variability of AHM. My professor at Uni many years ago likened Neanderthal strength to being able to pick an American football player off the deck and throw him through the goalposts - this is pretty hard to tell without further analysis etc but something to think about.
You're right about the occipital bun. It contains the poles of the occipital lobes of the brain and doesn't relate to neck muscles. It's the thick bone below it, sometimes forming a bar (torus) that anchors some of the neck muscles.
The thing that surprised me the most is that our closest ancestor with Neanderthals is possibly 800,000 years ago. The reason is from what I have read they were pretty much like is potentially in intelligence and in the ability to speak. Is this an example of convergent evolution? Idk but all the discoveries in recent years are so cool especially with Homo Naledi. I honestly can't wait for the future when we finally have a more complete idea of all the hominins and can't wait for Stefan Milo to cover them lol.
I hope to cover them all one day! It's either convergent evolution or the origins of language are more ancient than we think.
Conventional wisdom has it that glaciation in Europe started about 2.75m years ago
According to Occam's Razor, it makes more sense to theorize "antecessor" hominids evolved into Neanderthals in Europe, through naturally adaptive selection of survivors with greater brains, to cope with the cold, rather than speculating that such a similar primitive hominid migrated into Europe again, when the climate warmed back up.
will s it's strange how evolution produces physically weaker species than the predecessors.
Well done.