Shake tables are way more complex than I thought
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- Опубліковано 28 вер 2024
- At the University of California San Diego, there's the Shake Table: an earthquake simulator with the heaviest payload capacity in the world. ■ More about the table: nheri.ucsd.edu/ and the building: nheritallwood.m...
With thanks to everyone at UCSD, including Shiling Pei and Ioana Patringenaru
Camera: Mark Liu and David Baillot
Editor: Michelle Martin / @onthecrux
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I'm a bit worried about whether the shaking comes across on camera. If you can use a big screen, please do! It's almost impossible to be close enough to see the shaking AND static reference points AND to have enough movement that it shows up on camera. But the noise? The noise, at least, sells it for me.
Yes so am I
Big fan, keep making these videos!
Yup - shaking looks good here ❤
🇽🇰
Watching an object that big move that quickly certainly sells it on a normal monitor. This is one of your best videos showing scale, both of the shake and of the systems responsible for it.
Tom trying to remember which one is pitch, roll, and yaw while doing the hand movements is shockingly relatable
Also, I finally learned which is which.
Pitch, front up/down
Roll, side up/down
yaw, front sideways
Pitch versus roll for something that isn't supposed to travel and is wider than it is long is extra hard. Sure, roll is sides up and down, but are "the sides" your wrist and fingertips or your thumb and pinky when you're talking about the shake table?
The way I remember Roll Pitch and Yaw is that Roll is rotation around the X axis, Pitch around Y and Yaw around Z.
@@bellutta now I just gotta remember which axis is which!
Tom losing his mind over a u-turn in the pipes is the clip I would show somebody to describe his personality
He understands the significance of a u-turn in those pipes.
Not just a u turn (smooth semi circle), but 2 90⁰ turns for each pipe, into the short end of a T no less.
Genuine Physics reaction!
@@mathewng1988 I was more amazed by that T-junction than the U-turn! Weird it wasn’t even mentioned
@@mathewng1988 I think the reason they did that is because of reliability. If they did two long curves it would be more likely to stress out the metal when making the curves, where the smaller curves would be less to worry about. It's technically less efficient, but it's the best option.
It's amazing to see the engineer go from "explaining to a stupid journalist like a child" to "geeking out with Tom about fluid dynamics"
when he realizes tom is alittle more knowledgable than your average journalist (just a little)
I couldn't understand everything they explained, but I'm glad there's Tom and undoubtedly a big online audience here who appreciates this complexity and the chance to geek out about the challenging scale at which this system operates. It's nice to find videos where such complexity isn't avoided just because it's not understandable for everyone. As someone less technically educated I had my enjoyment watching them being excited about this.
Such a relief to not have science dumbed down. Dumb people don't want to watch science videos anyway.
To be fair it's probably not "stupid journalist" so much as stupid viewers of journalist.
He was probably pleased as punch to be talking about the shake table with someone who actually understood something of the forces involved and could really grasp how COOL his job is.
Tom was clearly blown away by the U-turn, but said nothing about the fact that, right after the U-turn, the pipes create TWO SIDE-BY-SIDE T JOINTS??? I can't even imagine the violence
I think it's less turbulent violence than heat generation (efficiency loss) from all the bends and connections. Hence the large diameter and smooth metal pipe to reduce heat loss as much as possible. Hydraulic oil is incompressible and already has filled all the lines. Just transmitting power from one side to the other. Hydraulics are a 'liquid drive-shaft' not flowing water.
@@The76Malibu hydraulics are 'flowing water', especially one like this setup. Cycling multiple, very large rams very fast will take a huge amount of flow.
Just lifting all 6 vertical rams 5" in 2 seconds (not fast for this) would take a flow rate of over 3,100 gal /minute - 11,800L/min.
Agreed ..the U turns are childs play compared to those dead end T joints
I believe this is the second video that Tom has done on artificial earthquakes. Interesting to see how much he's refined his technique since then.
third
there's one with giant steel ball
@MiIey Cryus 🅥 what? its miley cryus?
@@ItIsJan And apparently she's vegan 🅥
@@ItIsJan Nah, just another scammer
Probably because he apparently has a superpower to not film natural geological activities so he goes to artificial ones.
As a project engineer, who is rarely allowed to demo anything on site, i feel the pain of the engineer who had to use the u-turn and was most likely told "look, you can't demo that wall and we're not giving you the budget to build a new building. Just make it work in this area."
Demo as in 'demolish', not 'demonstrate', for those like me who just spent 30 seconds trying to figure out how you demo a wall
given the pressure of what's in the pipes, it's presumably less a question of "can't demo that wall" and more "really, _really_ shouldn't demo that wall, please"
@@MiseFreisin You could probably drain the network, but it would be really annoying to do it in a controlled way, and it would take ages.
I used to design and build automation systems for oil wells in Nothern Alberta. The pain is real. Even for NEW installations the automation is an afterthought so we were always the last to be called and had to work around anything else that was on site because they NEVER made any allowances for control circuits and instrumentation placement. Let alone coming along later and adding or changing something that was already in place and having to run wire in places where it was never meant to go.
@@TomLuTon and here’s the new wall model, it can block wind, it’s water proof against water pressure as high as a garden hose, it can withstand a human body being thrown at it, and it can easily be painted on without the paint sliding off completely
One of the best things of these video's are the people who work with those daily are getting so excited to be able to talk about this. The pure enjoyment to be able to do that.
Reminds me of the people who I worked with at TNO Eindhoven.
That dude was the most charismatic business person I have ever seen. I feel like he could explain to me why they picked the specific alloy for the low pressure pipes and I would still be listening.
He's a professor at UC San Diego, so it's good you want to listen to him, as others do!
@@neillthornton1149 he is a professor at the fudge packing academy
I'm working in the mass timber industry so this shake table test was something I am very fascinated in, and I'm delighted to see this you do a video on it. I did some of the manufacturing modeling on a few of the CLT panels. It is crazy how many players across the industry were involved with this. I would love to see a video where you dive into the shear fuses, tensioning, and other details, and the impacts they may have on mass timber construction and construction.
Nice! I read the stuff on the recent Glulam fire test as well :3
Our university in Auckland NZ has a slightly smaller version, and still have a lot of fun shaking stuff, which includes bridges, tanks (water), silos and more as well....
Building a shake table in New Zealand is like building a spider farm in Australia.
you"d still do it if you for needed a supply of spiders with predictable characteristics
In the US we have a university club called EERI which builds structures to resist seismic activity. Some schools can get some insane results out of their builds. Often they will partner with concrete canoe teams which build canoes out of concrete which I did for 4 years. Super fun and very challenging to do well, Tom could do a great episode on those competitions.
We test our graphite cores for our nuclear reactors on shake tables. Quite interesting to test scale models of 12m diameter 30m high cores of free standing graphite bricks.
@@illdeletethismusic - indeed, there is actually a *dedicated website* selling stuff for farming spiders in Australia (specifically spiders, specifically Australia)... being a nation that essentially *only* exists at the intersection of two continental plates means we NZers really *really* need to SCIENCE earthquakes, wasn't the one in this video in California? California is not exactly the most tectonically stable place in the world either...
You should have come to the E-defence shake table in Hyogo while your stay in Japan. It's the world's largest, and it can simulate x-y load up to 100cm, and z load up to 50cm.
We also have smaller earthquake simulator cars (called 起震車) that travel around schools that let kids ride on it for them to learn about earthquakes. I think it'll make an interesting story.
It blows my mind that people do science in imperial
Y'know, the shakes done by the building may be small, but on something this tall, it's genuinely frightening even from a computer screen.
Little wonder Tom had the urge to run away.
For some reason, I was taken back the same way you were, Tom. Mouth agape, staring in awe. So much careful engineering coming together in what seems like a scenario that should have constant failures - but it's intentional. Controlled. Deliberate. What a feeling it would have been to witness that in person.
5:36 Just a bunch of nerds giggling over actuators and damper systems. You love to see it.
"We're laughing, but that would be catastrophic."
Humanity in a nutshell, really.
It was a pleasure to listen to this expert. You two did synchronize greatly.
I can't believe that they can create that precise earthquakes, for that much weight!
I recently experienced a earthquake and boy it was so much more strong than I was expecting. It was off the coast of California by eureka California and I'm near yreka which is very far inland. The house was shaking back and forth and when I ran outside I heard the power cables making a horrendous sound. Definitely scary.
I've always lived in southern California and that sure looked and sounded like a good-sized earthquake!
You think that was a big one?
@@1pcfred Medium-large. Remember you are at the epicenter. And yes, I have been at a quake epicenter.
@@RZ350NC Cal State Northridge? Landers Big Bear?
@@markmurphy854 CSN campus on the Friday of the three 5+ aftershocks. I was a student photojournalist for the CSULB "Union" newspaper and went there to interview he staff and take some photos. They said I could wander around the campus and take photos, but "Don't go into any buildings". "No problem," I replied. It was one of the few times where the TV news cameras just could not capture the extent of the damage and destruction that I observed.
Amazing, not just that it does the job and shakes the building, but for all the design consideration they put into how to stop it safely etc beyond just doing the shaking.
As a person that has been on several earthquakes, I think I have PTSD. The moment it moved, my heart wanted to jump out of my body. 😢 I held my breath.
You could just see the engineer light up when Tom started to geek out over it, bet that made his day!
I really like the engineers way of explaining things! Very captivating
Back when I was in college, I got a tour of that shake table when it was bare and only 1 direction. Even then, it was amazing
5:00 It's so weird, going from talking about the giant metal pipes to suddenly seeing some plain old PVC. Looks like such an afterthough, right down to the fit and finish.
As someone who has always lived in SoCal, seeing that building shake.....I didn't expect to gasp and feel my stomach drop.
Another video of yours on a subject I never would have thought of. Brilliant
I get to do analysis on exactly the sorts of record data they use, and write many of the same filters and transforms on that data. It's for smaller stuff, mainly blasting and construction vibrations. But since I'm always on the software side, it's fun to see the data in reality! I might get to go on a trip like Tom's soon enough.
Your personality makes these videos so good
I love how happy you can see the engineer is when Tom understands what he's talking about and just gets more and more excited and starts going off about fluid dynamics
I'm literally shaking watching this
Thanks for always informing us Tom!
i could see how happy he was to remember row pitch and yaw.
As a welder, seeing the weld joints on these pipes really illustrates how insane the pressures these pipes are withstanding.
Personally I didn't care for the cover work myself. But apparently it works. Looks like the steamfitters were milking that job for all they could get.
To summarize the video, the folks at the University of California San Diego are working hard to build a safe dwelling for yo momma.
Yes we are
Anyone that wants to be safe has already moved to Texas.
@@UCSanDiego Wait, this is... this is actually the real UCSD account.
@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 It's confirmed - the UCSD really is making yo momma-safe dwellings!
I am a practicing bridge engineer in California. UCSD has done so much for our state of practice over the decades. They deserve all the attention possible.
never thought UCSD would be featured in a Tom Scott video, but here we are!
There's just something special about watching a large building jiggle like Jell-O.
I'm actually shocked, can't believe a building shake like that when earthquake, it's actually horrifying
5000 psi is fairly high pressure, for sure but a lot of modern machinery uses that sort of hydraulic pressure. What is truly amazing is the volumes and rate of change of the hydraulic flow.
I would love to work there, to examine every nail, bolt and fitting to see whats been affected by the shaking! So fascinating!
Great video! Out of curiosity, did they say what this test was equivalent to, Richter scale wise?
This one was most likely a 6.7, since they've been doing the Northridge earthquake ground motions for public demonstrations with media.
@@dan_zehner Oh, damn, that information really shows how strong that building is.
A buddy of mine was standing on a loading dock when a fairly moderate earthquake hit. He said he looked out and saw the shear waves turning the asphalt parking lot into what looked like the ocean. He said it completely obliterated his idea of what "solid ground" meant.
"I do want to turn and run" - good to hear that after all those documentaries he still got a healthy self-preservation instinct.
By which I mean, that some things of everyday life are made /so safe/, that it's possible to forget that there's still some inherent danger regardless, it's just minimized into oblivion.
This guy must be one of the most charismatic civil engineers on the planet
Tom Scott is what you get when a journalist actually understands the matter at hand. Or at least understands when he doesn't understand the matter!
“I know it’s fine, but I still want to turn and run”
I’m sitting behind a screen and I felt like running too!
I love that rhwy have random stuff lying around weile testing
After being used to seeing puny artificial earthquake tables in college to test model buildings/bridges, seeing this massive simulator somehow fills me with unexplainable joy. definitely want to personally come and see the real thing.
I can't imagine myself standing there either, just being cool about it at that distance
Wow to think I drive by this facility every day on my way to work is incredible. amazing
Your videos are always interesting but this one was just fascinating!
Every videos is more than 1M Views
You must be a Genius
Love from Nigeria 🇳🇬
Thanks for the imperial to metric conversions!
Look at the rapid acceleration and direction changes! It does that to a ten story building!
Congratulation!!! This building has been presented in the May 12th issue of Science!
That is frightening to watch but I'm glad the research is being done. Thank you for sharing!
That machine is INSANE.
Love listening to you waffle on about stuff 👍
Dude! I literally just drove by this particular building and had no idea what the heck it was.
Holy crap! That level of movement is insaneeee
I wonder who made the casters for the shake table, would be nice to have those on our Costco shopping carts!
7:44 Really important to specify
Most other pipes can have U-Turns to help the flow of liquid or fluid and can handle so much PSI including gas and water. Still this is amazing to see how earthquakes were made to shake buildings. And of course earthquakes are deadly.
Short version: It turns out making something that big and heavy move around that fast and change direction that quickly requires a lot of power and compensation. Like even compared to _most_ of the things people have made.
Looking at that building shake I suddenly understood how my cat feels when I approach
To see something that big and still jello is frightening
A very competent interview partner, nice!
I spent roughly 2 years operating one of these (way smaller) and with only one axis of movement and it was already tricky enough to tune and prepare for the actual tests.
Seeing even a 3x3[m] with 300bar of pressure lose control due to any electrical issue was scary to say the least
No idea why I needed to see this but it sure was informative and entertaining!
Shout out to Kooroosh, you can tell he's passionate about what he does and about explaining it to others, plus he's an absolute natural on-camera!
It cool to see this on site testing.
Your videos are such a nice way to cool off from a day at work. Nice one!
You always amaze and inspire with your videos
That building's got moves.
Seeing a big building like that get shaken around like a toy is just insane
I feel like with this and the high speed train I just wanted a static shot of the thing happening for a bit longer
The university should have an earthquake luncheon for graduates of this program where participants ride out a magnitude 7.0 earthquake while eating lunch and celebrating with a band.
Tom and the engineer talking in big scientific words makes me feel like I just showed up after getting lost on the way to the shops
This is how ancient Chinese pagodas were built to withstand earthquakes. A rigid wooden spine up the middle, and floors loosely tied to it.
It will be great if you made a video also about the soil structure interaction tabel also
Yes please!
Homie got a wardrope like a cartoon character.
The pipe room is that one windows screensaver come to life
Holy Sh... aftermath. I don't know anything about pressure tech, but even I can see that a U-turn in a 3000psi pipe is at least nightmare, if not insane level of engineering.
btw. I once saw a docu about a model of the Great Hall of the Forbidden City (the biggest wooden hall in the world) in a shake simulator. It survived magnitude 7 with very minor damage because of the special roof technique, and when the simulator run out of steam in 7.9 (I think it was) the hall was still standing relativly undamaged.
This is just a couple miles from where I live!
I can't wait to see the park bench episode about thi-
oh.
This video's giving me a lot of Portal 2 vibes... Large orange and blue pipes, a construction site filled with white walls...
I couldn't help but notice some rusted bolts. I know, San Diego is near the ocean so you have salt in the air. But you'd figure they'd replace those bolts once you see rust, and those are RUSTED.
"don't ask me why things are the way they are! I'm just presenting it to you!!"
and I'm done.
I lined up the start of the Shake Table operation with "il vento d'oro"/Giorno's Piano, and it synched up near-perfectly.
To understand why I listened to Giorno's Piano during the operation of the Shake Table, Jojo's Bizarre Makeup Tutorial holds the answers.
Let's appreciate how the entire structure of the building is made out of wood!
Woooow. I would also want to turn around and run. That was freaky!
I guess that answers ElectroBOOM's question: people do not, in fact, sell bombs to test your house against earthquake.
very imposing. and meanwhile during the actual test, all I could think of was the wooden Bellsprout towers with the moving core from Pokemon Gold/Silver/Crystal...
Get Tom offshore for some big high pressure high temperature engineering. 36" pipelines at many thousand PSI at high temps takes some planning
great interview
I'm actually surprised, the road seen at the very end wasn't closed during the test.
Wow. I'd pay $100 to sit on the top floor with a cup of coffee . . on the 99th interation of the test. Thanks for this one, Tom.