AQA A-Level Chemistry - Aldehydes and Ketones (inc. nucleophilic addition)
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- Опубліковано 30 кві 2014
- This video runs through the whole Aldehydes and Ketones topic as found in the AQA A-Level Chemistry specification.
It includes the nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism.
Chemistry is breaking my heart one tear at a time.
@Irfan Chagani 🤣🤣🤣
@Irfan Chagani and it’s breaking me now, and you’re hopefully done W this chem pain
@@river6550 that comment was 5 months ago bro💀it’s still the same school year. How would they be done with chem right now
@@charliemcgibney54 lmao, I’m cramming in for these 2021 assessments, clearly my brains not the best rn 🤣
@Irfan Chagani same but I’ll be happy with an A still 😂😂😂😂
You're saving my life, sir! Thank you so much. I can't describe enough of how much you've helped with your videos, I'd be failing Chemistry without you!
Your videos helped me when preparing for my AS exams.
Now, here I am preparing for my first A2 end of unit organic test.
E Rintoul, you truly are the UA-cam God of Chemistry!
Cam Dockerill Wow, big words - but thank you! Watch this space for more videos!
youtube teaching videos always worth it rather than a 2-hour lesson in school thanks Man
Eliot: on the other hand, ketones you do need to number
*looks at Propanone and realises*
Propanone: congratulations you played yourself
🐒
Thank you so much for all your brilliant videos, they are so unbelievably helpful and I couldn't have done AS Chemistry without them! I just wondered, if you get the opportunity, could you make a video on acylation mechanisms in the carbonyl chapter please? It is a topic I find particularly difficult to get my head around. Thank you!
Ellie Cooper yeah, i need that too
@@aestheticart4955 same.
Best explanation I've ever received...I understood for once after numerous attempts on trying to understand this😭🔥
Hi do you not have a video on the second part of this topic? Esterification / acylation ?!?
Yes, he has!
@@lisaschneider9151 which one is it please?
@@lisaschneider9151 Duuude where it is?
ua-cam.com/video/3YJ-Xqo5PJg/v-deo.html
this has the whole explanation... hope it helps
Your videos are so helpful! Thank you so much for making them, sir! :)
Thank you SO much! Crazy good video, you make learning exciting!
Amazingg video!☆
Your videos are a blessing for students. I was really stressed about not being able to recall this from AS, but this video was all what I needed before attempting questions. Thank you!
This is very good, I know someone who is working on aldehydes and ketones tonight ما شاء الله تبارك الله
Your videos are a god send! Thank you!!!!!
fyeahitstee No problem!
Hey could you please continue making these videos and perhaps cover all of the remain AQA A2 Unit 4 and 5 spec, these videos of yours are really helpful! Keep up the great work man! =)
TheAmazingAnmol Thanks for the kind comments! I'm definitely going to keep making them - watch the coming weeks for more A2 videos!
Amazing video!
+Diana Yassine Thanks :)
Thank you so much for these videos!
Thank you!!!! Your videos help so much
Brilliant. Thank you so much. I guess I'm well prepared for my exams now.
hi your videos are great just wanted to say thanks and ask if youre going to make videos on all the other second year organic topics you haven't done yet cause that would be great if you did
Thank you so much!!! This was very very helpful.
Thankyou very much for the video, I understand now. Hopefully it will stay in my head. Thankyou!
+Jaz Miah Go over it again and again. But good job for cracking on and doing it!
Hello Sir,
Thank you for uploading these videos, they have been incredibly useful! I was just wondering whether you can do a video on transition metals?
Imran Khan Hey, Imran! No worries. I shall at some point, however I have to admit that it isn't a priority at the minute. I'm hoping to get them all done by this May - fingers crossed anyway!
thank you so much! do we not need to know about the fehling’s reagent for the aqa spec?
That's really helpfull,thank you so much!!!!
Your vids are so amazing! How do you make chemistry sound so simple? Will defo be looking out for other topics
+kimxo s Haha if I actually managed to make it seem a little more straightforward, I am glad! More topics will be coming - watch this space!
Your content is so helpful, really appreciate it!! I was wondering if you've already done a video or going to go over the acyl chlorides and acid anhyrdides topic??
Once again, many thanks!!!
+Lone Wolf I don't think I've done that yet... But it's coming!
E Rintoul is it here yet ?
@@umairobaid467 nope lol
the electrophilic addition of carbonyl compounds with HCN ?
Pleasee do a unit 4 equilibria video!!
Just a quick question, where does the H+ come from when using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. Does it have to be acidified like with potassium dichromate? Thanks :)
Eve Scott The H+ usually comes from a water molecule to create the OH group but the H- ion in thr first stage comes from the NaBH4
I think I'm pretty late here though aha😂
not too late for me
It comes from the sky
we have this topic in As.
Ok cool
Hello Mr Rintoul! could you post about carbonyl compounds? Thank you!
Can you please make a video about nomenclature and additional groups at AS level? That would be really helpful. You're an amazing teacher by the way
+Ilhan Ali I think I have one...
I love your videos! is there any change you could do one on equilibria for the old aqa specification a2, i would really appreciate it!
+Abbi Farley I'm all over it. Don't panic.
Hello I am struggling to get a hold of the mechanisms. With nuclophillic addition what halogenalkanes are used to bond to the carbon which is double bonded to the oxygen and single bonded to the hydrogen. If anyone could help that would be great
thank you
hi do you have a video on carboxylic acids and esters?
hi i was just wondering if we needed to know how to draw the mechanism of carboxyl acid to aldehyde for its reduction?! Your videos are so helpful btw, thank you :)
This was really helpful 👍
Can we use this video for the new AQA specification
Chem 5 Electrochemical cells please bro! Great videos as usual.
Hey, thanks for all your great videos Mr Rintoul but i have a question regarding HCN and KCN, I was under the assumption that you use KCN instead of HCN as HCN does not fully dissociate while KCN does?
U can use both. The problem is that HCN is poisonous and unless u have a person which is in your death wish enough to risk your life then by all means use HCN
carboxylic acids and esters vid next please? unbelievably helpful videos!
+mohamed Ibrahim They're coming at some point!
What do you call those CH things, I m trying to catch up on these? What should I search for, because Im completely lost
Thank you!
Sam W No problem :)
what program is used to do these videos?
thank you so much!!
Please make some more A2 videos :) Your content is awesome, and I feel as if I learn much more from you than I do my teacher.
You helped me get an A in AS, so could you help me do the same in A2? :D
+Sam Davies Well I can try to help you get that grade A, certainly!
E Rintoul Do you think you will finish the A2 Videos?
Sam Davies I certainly plan to, it's always a battle trying to balance my teaching workload with making more videos. There will definitely be more though for sure!
+E Rintoul Yeah, it'll be great if you could. I'm sure everyone in this Spec is dying for more vids. Thank you for giving us time though!
Susta1nzHD No worries :)
Thank you so much
what would you call H3-CH2-CH2-C(OH)(CN)-CH2-CH3 bcz CN isnt in the longest chain??
+ Erintoul , I understand this but plz can u make video on carboxylic acids and esters I would be so thankful but if you already have one plz can you tell me wats the name of the video which has carboxylic acids and esters . Thank you.
Leaving the carboxylic bit , all your videos are excellent and great work and they are life - savers honestly. And appreciate your work. Thank you so much for helping all us in such difficult situations.
When the intermediates react with a proton to reform the alcohol, where does the proton come from?
does that mean one of the conditions for this reaction must be acidic conditions?
Very good question. The conditions are not acidic. Acid reacts with NaBH4 to form H2 gas, killing your reducing agent. Instead the oxygen remains with a negative charge with Na+ nearby. The alcohol is recovered by adding acid, such as dilute HCl(aq) where the negative oxygen attacks the proton.
Got my a level chem exams this year 🥵
i thought, alongside NaBH4, LiAlH4 and H2(Pd-C) also works as a reduction agent
at 8.57 is it supposed to be NaBH4 or NaB4 ?????
Thanks a lot man!
hi, just wanted to ask, when we are naming the molecule that is made from the ketone after the nucleophllic addition. do we always have to start counting the carbon chain from the CN? or can we name from the carbon on the end(to the right).thnx
Always start from the C of the CN group. This may not be true for more advanced molecules but it certainly is the case for the A2!
hi, do you have a video on optical isomers?
+mali 45671 Not yet, no. But it's one that'll be coming in the near future!
Do we have to draw partial charges, or can we still get all marks without drawing them? my teacher says we lose marks, but other websites say otherwise..
+Ria lityyy Nope, there are never marks for the partial charges. The only time I have seen marks for partial charges have been on H-bonding questions where it is stated in the question that the partial charges need to be drawn!
+E Rintoul thank you!
Why does hydroxy come before nitrile when naming them? Any response is appreciated thanks.
ROMAN HANG LIMBU alphabetical order.
Oh wow it's that simple lol. Thankyou for replying.
Thanks you so much :) please make videos on carboxylic acids and acylation
*thank
When showing the nucleophilic addition with cyanide where has the H+ ion come from? If using the potassium cyanide?
When doing it in class we used the reaction H2SO4 + NaCN ---> NaHSO4 + HCN and the HCN classified as a weak acid. Im sure both ways are right and the answer will be its KCN dissolved in acid or something like that but I'm just checking. Thanks
The H+ comes from the fact that dilute acid is used, which provides the H+
cheers mate
I'm resitting chem 2 so if I get used to drawing the negative charge on the 'C' in the CN, would that be a problem or should I just remember to write it separately for each paper? Thanks!!
+Matt Grigg There would be no problem drawing it like that for both papers.
NaBH4, doesnt the 'ate' suggest there should be oxygen in the compound?
+Sam Crossley I've always found it to be a good indicator, but you're right, there is no oxygen! I promise you it is called that though!
Thanks :)
Just want to say thanks for the millionth time for your amazing videos!!!!!!!!1
Sam Crossley No problem :)
Begging for you to do unit 5 videos omg
Jess245 Haha, hold your horses. They're coming...
E Rintoul YAY
Jess245 are you doing aqa a2 chem? were approaching the end so fast!
Hayder M You aren't finished the course?! Or you mean that you're approaching the end as in study leave fast...?
The end in study leave : D I should have been more clear, but lovely work man! Part of my grade will be because of your efforts
Plz upload a video on dna n protien alevel
At 10:52, you said that the O would form a bond with the H but you didn't draw the bond in-between-O-H, you just drew OH..I'm confused??? Does it matter if you draw the bond or not?
Nope, for OH and COOH and stuff, you don't need to draw the bond between the O and H, just like you don't need to for CN either
Since when ketones can not be I I think propanone can be oxidized by KMnO4 to HCOOH and CH3COOH
Please do esters, really need you for my exam!
rojafx I shall try - no promises though!
Can you please make a video on aromatics!!!!😭
I have a question that I can’t answer (year 13 student aqa - studying despite exams being cancelled due to Covid-19 🤦♂️ ). A student attempted to reduce a sample of 2-methylbutanal but added insufficient NaBH4. The student confirmed that the reduction was incomplete by using a chemical test. Give the reagent and observation for the chemical test. (2 marks)
I'd say Fehling's test since that tests for aldehydes and the observation would be a brick red precipitate. Hope this helps!
@@sirfmgamer5655 hi again
@@gasIighter What are you doing here :)
@@sirfmgamer5655 revising just started A2
@@gasIighter Nice!!
Smaller aldehydes such as acetaldehye (ethanol) are extremely pungent whetas ketones have a mild pleasant odor. Aromatic aldehydes are less pungent and often have pleasant odor. Benzaldehye.has the odor of cherries.
people need to remember to write the small delta positive signs indicating that carbon is electropositive relative to oxygen in the double bond (you will be marked down in AQA if you dont)
That's true! Thank god I realised that when the teacher cut down marks from my unit tests!
10:07 - Where does the H+ come from? - Does it come from the NaBH4?
Yes- the NaBH4 supplies hydride ions, H-.
@@Sophie-pp6py Does the NaBH4 also provide H+?
@@PBSciencetastic Yes.
@@sirfmgamer5655 Ok, thank you
I love you
Really wanted to put 100 thumbs up if I could
How do you know its not an alcohol, but that its hydroxy and not ol because its an OH group. Isn't an OH group an alcohol so shouldn't the name end in ol.
You have nitrile)CN-) group which has higher priority group than OH so you would say hydroxynitrile instead of nitrile-ol.
Actually ketones can be oxidized , there's this popoff rule, the larger alkyl group breaks apart, 2 carboxylic acid molecules can be formed from 1 ketone molecule. Except ketones are not oxidized by ... weak oxidizing agents like Tollen's reagent, Fehling solution, etc.
^(as is written in my textbook's, could be wrong by all means)
Great video nevertheless.
'ketones can be oxidised to... nothing' nice troll hahahah
It's extremely extremely toxic, Smells like almonds supposedly but Extremely toxic - must sniff the forbidden almond.
Peter McCormick wut?
@@lolapovedano9452 HCN I think
Thank you!