I love the way in which you break things down. Imparts knowledge in stead of just information... and extremely helpful for someone like myself who's trying to learn electronics.
Why you only have 50k subs is a mystery to me. I randomly found your website while searching for info on buck converters, and you gained me as a sub with just one video. Keep up the good work, buddy!
i used to say to others, their videos are the best in explaining, now i found new best explain-er videos :P really cool, helps all beginners, even pros new to the application topic. thanks!!!
I really appreciate your video. So many idiots on the internet explaining buck converters and feedbacks in such a confusing way. Yes you can just buy the LMxxxx, but I love the way you explain the DIY version, so that using an LMxxxx is just another step up. Very nice.
Very great expainations about circuits and high understanable.Especially, that you explain, why is every part where it is an what does it do there. Glad to learn from you. Thx and greatings from Germany!!
great video, for me you explain it basically better than all those academic videos, if only you can explain more related to the higher power systems, liek inverters for EV it will be great
Consider an electrolisys aplication. The plates and electrolyte form a capacitor. In the begining, the electrolyte is cold and conducts less requiring higher voltage to push current through. Then as the electrolyte warms it becomes less resistive and conducts more current. Annunregulated buck converter dops in voltage with a higher current draw. And with electrolisys, lower voltage end up drawing less current and produces hydrogen more efficently. The current voltage responce us more like a zener diode and resistor than a simple resistor. This loosely uses current to warm up the electrolyte making it more conductive so that it can pull more a little more current at a lower more efficent HHO generating voltage. It loosly self regulates the current without feedback circuitry. An adjusable pwm circuit can may be more interested in lowing the duty cycle with feedback from a temperature sensor to further regulate how much current goes through the cell by lowering the outut voltage further, thus controlling the watts consumed by the HHO cell and further improve efficency.
Hi, a schottky diode is used because it is a high speed switching diode, compared with a 1N4001 series diode. High speed because of the switching speed of the converter output.
The inductor has a current charge rate.. The capacitor has voltage charge rate.. Together, if you know how to sense voltage discharging edge triggering, you can choose when to charge the cap n inductor.
Hello, maybe I still make something wrong. There is a schematic at 8:28. You use IRFZ44N. It's an N-Channel, but you use a P-Channel symbol. Another is the value of L and C. The value of L can not be compatible with 100UF E-Cap.
This is a good video and I don't want to have to critisise here buuuuuuuuuuut ... I don't see how the circuit at 8:28 could work, or at least work well. I know how a buck converter works, but it's the way the mosfet gate is being driven here that is getting at me. Surely like this the gate won't get a good square wave and instead will be more of a ramp wave because of the mosfet gate capacitance, right? And wouldn't that get even worse with more load due to the miller effect? And also, having an n-channel mosfet connected like this, surely the gate voltage could never get high enough to turn the gate fully on so the mosfet will be in it's linear region? Also it's drawn here as a p-channel mosfet where as an IRFZ44N is n-channel.
Yes there is a N- channel mosfet and there should have been a P channel just like you said. If you put a N channel like that it will be mostly closed or just very slightly opened. Well the miller effect is really a problem only in case of transistors used as amplifiers, since it changes the input and output impedances slightly and can limit the frequency range of the amplifier, but in case of switching transistors it shouldn´t be a problem. The gate doesn´t get the same square wave as it comes out from arduino, but it is a lot sharper that you might think, to make it ever sharper I would decrease the value of the 10k resistor to maybe 2-3k depending on the datasheet of the bipolar transistor. But because of the approx. 33kHz frequency the mosfet operates on it is low enough to make sharpness of the edges more than sufficient to fully open and close the transistor (at least my oscilloscope says that :) ) hope that helped. if you want to correct me on something please go on :)
Couldn't you use a OpAmp for the gate of the MOSFET..? To Regulate the output or charging of the capacitor based on the resistance or discharging of the capacitor?
Wow... Your explanation is so good! Exceptional... I'm learning about power supplies for Nixie tubes and your information is invaluable. I only wonder about safety of for example a NE555 based PS. Dedicated IC's have protection circuitry but I read that the often used Maxim 1771 has a poor design because the gate of the Mosfet is pulled to ground by a resistor: quote "a substantiol amount of power is wasted in the FET" But I need to look into that much more... I want a safe PS so I can leave a home made HV PS safely on 24/7.
A very fundamental property of an inductor is that you cannot instantaneously change the current through one. When the switch is ON, current flows from the input supply through the inductor. When you turn the switch OFF, the inductor "tries" to make the same current that was flowing just before that continue to flow. The voltage across the inductor will rise to whatever magnitude is required to make that current flow. That voltage could be a few millivolts if there were a low-resistance path or it could be thousands of volts if the only path available were very high resistance. (with practical, real inductors you usually don't get extremely high voltage because there is enough capacitance between the turns of the windings). The very high voltage can easily destroy a semiconductor switch. With a mechanical switch the high voltage would cause an arc across the opening contacts. In order for the current to continue to flow in the same direction in the inductor itself, the voltage across the inductor changes polarity. One way to understand this is to draw a simple circuit with a battery, an inductor and a resistor in series. If you "instantly" replace the battery with a short circuit and keep in mind that the same current continues to flow at that instant, you'll see that the voltage across the inductor must now be the opposite of what it was with the battery in the circuit. In the circuit as it is shown in the video, the diode makes the path that allows the current to continue to flow, transferring the energy stored in the inductor to the capacitor and the load. One thing that helps in understanding how these circuits work is to consider the output capacitor voltage to be constant during any single switch cycle. In reality the capacitor voltage does rise a little bit, but normally the circuit is designed so the rise is very, very small relative to the average voltage on the capacitor when the circuit is operating normally. Of course when you first start the circuit the capacitor voltage is slowly raised over many switching cycles.
Hi I the video where you explain the feedback a P-channel mosfet is shown. But should the source not be connected to the input? Otherwise the body diode of the FET will make it conduct always.
How did you calculate the inductor and capacitor values. Also, what factors did you take into consideration while calculating those values? Finally, how did you select the switching frequency to turn on and off the Mosfet?
12:12 I didn't get where does the pwm signal i.e. GATE for LM2576 goes? How we control the output voltage, is it the ON/OFF pin, cause it seems like going to ground and I'm confused Please help...
Hi, your Arduino in the circuit diagram at 8:28 is not powered (GND not connected). Could you please explain how did you do that other than connect the USB? Thank you. Nice video overall.
I just noticed in the diagram that the emitter of the bjt is not connected to the ground of arduino (since arduino gnd is not connected to input gnd) so how does any current flow to turn the bjt on?
Hey electronoobs. Unas preguntas. Que has estudiado para saber tanto de electronica? Que libros, webs, videos de yutuf recomiendas para alguien que se quiera meter? Que proyecto de los de tu canal es el que mas te ha gustado? Y que proyecto crees que esta bien para alguien que no tiene mucha idea?
He estudiado ingeniería electrónica. Recomiendo mirar tutoriales de UA-cam y probar todo emepezando con pequeños circuitos como este. Recomiendo que te compres un Arduino y hacer pequeños tests. Como libro te recomneido Basic Electronics de Walter Banzhaf. Saludos!
Frnd tnx for the informative video, i understand it well but i have a few questions. I made one of the buck converters using potentiometer. I can adjust the voltage up and down but i observed that the current output of the circuit is low. I used it to charge a mobile phone but its difficult for it to charge because the amps is low. What do i have to do my frnd to increase it? Thnx my frnd again.
@@Musabbir_Sakib i don't know because its hard to find 100mh inductor in electronic shops here. So i just use a choke filter with 50 or 30 maybe windings on it. But the numbers indicated on the choke is 1R1A852A 0BK.
Hi. very nice video. But how can i make a 15 amp buck converter that can handle 60 volts. It seems when the voltage gets too hight the gate / source voltage gets too big this way? And how can I supply the arduino with power from same source we try to buck down? Als these tutorails make it look so simple but somehow it never fit my needs. For my solar shed and e-moped batteries I need 40 and 54 volt projects.
The capacitor _current_ is both positive and negative, but the voltage across the capacitor is always positive. You would only need a non-polar cap if the voltage across it changed polarity.
yeah some mosfets gates have a minimum voltage required to turn them on that is higher than the 5 volts an arduino pwm pin can manage to put out. For this you need a separate power source that is high enough to match that gate threshhold voltage - a lot of power n-channel mosfets have a gate threshhold voltage of 20 volts. You need the arduino to control another mosfet that turns on from only 5v and that mosfet will turn on the power supply to the big power mosfet which will turn the big power mosfet on. So you need that middle man mosfet to make things work.
At 8:28 In the arduino circuit, Shouldn't be the ground of arduino connect to the circuit? And the value of inductor is 100 mili henry. Should not it be 100 micro henry?
Thanks we can learn many things. I have a question is the Arduino ground and the buck converter circuit ground connect together or separate? Waiting for your ans
Its 2023 and this circuit will help me on my thesis, ty Electronoobs, I will credit you in the references.
This is the best tutorial I've heard on buck converters, I actually understand now.
Thank you, I subscribed.
It's also very nicely explained by Adamant IT.
I love the way in which you break things down. Imparts knowledge in stead of just information... and extremely helpful for someone like myself who's trying to learn electronics.
Why you only have 50k subs is a mystery to me. I randomly found your website while searching for info on buck converters, and you gained me as a sub with just one video. Keep up the good work, buddy!
oh. Thank you very much!
This is one of the best explanations of a buck converter that I've seen. Simple and to the point.
I never understood how buck converters work until now. Thank you for a great and simply presented tutorial
At last...one feels illuminated. This is a much better way to explain the idea. Thanks sir.
I've watched a bunch of videos to get a grasp of this concept. Yours did the trick Thank you sir!
i used to say to others, their videos are the best in explaining, now i found new best explain-er videos :P really cool, helps all beginners, even pros new to the application topic. thanks!!!
Great video editing. You're very good at explaining things in a clear, concise manner that isn't too technical, yet still informative.
One of the Best video till date about buck converters
I did! I did learn something! - Another Mechanical Engineer stopping by!
I really appreciate your video. So many idiots on the internet explaining buck converters and feedbacks in such a confusing way. Yes you can just buy the LMxxxx, but I love the way you explain the DIY version, so that using an LMxxxx is just another step up.
Very nice.
Very great expainations about circuits and high understanable.Especially, that you explain, why is every part where it is an what does it do there.
Glad to learn from you.
Thx
and greatings from Germany!!
Best video on whole Internet.
great video, for me you explain it basically better than all those academic videos, if only you can explain more related to the higher power systems, liek inverters for EV it will be great
Best video on Buck Converters
You rock my world, I finally understand stuff thanks to you!
Your interpretation is very clear. I have a mechanical background. But I always like to learn some in power electronics !
Consider an electrolisys aplication. The plates and electrolyte form a capacitor. In the begining, the electrolyte is cold and conducts less requiring higher voltage to push current through. Then as the electrolyte warms it becomes less resistive and conducts more current. Annunregulated buck converter dops in voltage with a higher current draw. And with electrolisys, lower voltage end up drawing less current and produces hydrogen more efficently. The current voltage responce us more like a zener diode and resistor than a simple resistor. This loosely uses current to warm up the electrolyte making it more conductive so that it can pull more a little more current at a lower more efficent HHO generating voltage. It loosly self regulates the current without feedback circuitry. An adjusable pwm circuit can may be more interested in lowing the duty cycle with feedback from a temperature sensor to further regulate how much current goes through the cell by lowering the outut voltage further, thus controlling the watts consumed by the HHO cell and further improve efficency.
I wish the best to you. This was beyond helpful
Subscribed within less than 3 minutes. That is all.
Unbelievably high quality content.
Thanks for sharing this video and information. Great explanations.
Very nice explaination. Imho your best Video so far - you're getting better and better.
Excellent!!!!! Liked to know how to change a 40vdc battery trimmer to a wired one. 110vac. A boost switch? How it works?
Excellent description. Very clear diagrams that help clarify the concepts. Thank you.
Hi, a schottky diode is used because it is a high speed switching diode, compared with a 1N4001 series diode.
High speed because of the switching speed of the converter output.
Yes Yes yes videos like this we need take a hug like from your old friend "(me)"
Nicely illustrated!
Interesting and well thought out video, as usual, with very informative and useful content.
Thank you!
Thanks a lot for better explanation of working of buck converter.
The best explanation I have ever seen
One of best explonations 😁 thank you 😁👍
Thank you very much, your video is super well taught and finally I understood how these circuit work!
The inductor has a current charge rate..
The capacitor has voltage charge rate..
Together, if you know how to sense voltage discharging edge triggering, you can choose when to charge the cap n inductor.
Hello, maybe I still make something wrong. There is a schematic at 8:28. You use IRFZ44N. It's an N-Channel, but you use a P-Channel symbol. Another is the value of L and C. The value of L can not be compatible with 100UF E-Cap.
You're correct, it should be a ptype mosfet. An ntype wouldn't work here.
Okay,for N-MOS in Buck converter,i didn;t see any bootstrap circuit for High side switching
This is a good video and I don't want to have to critisise here buuuuuuuuuuut ... I don't see how the circuit at 8:28 could work, or at least work well. I know how a buck converter works, but it's the way the mosfet gate is being driven here that is getting at me. Surely like this the gate won't get a good square wave and instead will be more of a ramp wave because of the mosfet gate capacitance, right? And wouldn't that get even worse with more load due to the miller effect? And also, having an n-channel mosfet connected like this, surely the gate voltage could never get high enough to turn the gate fully on so the mosfet will be in it's linear region? Also it's drawn here as a p-channel mosfet where as an IRFZ44N is n-channel.
Yes there is a N- channel mosfet and there should have been a P channel just like you said. If you put a N channel like that it will be mostly closed or just very slightly opened. Well the miller effect is really a problem only in case of transistors used as amplifiers, since it changes the input and output impedances slightly and can limit the frequency range of the amplifier, but in case of switching transistors it shouldn´t be a problem. The gate doesn´t get the same square wave as it comes out from arduino, but it is a lot sharper that you might think, to make it ever sharper I would decrease the value of the 10k resistor to maybe 2-3k depending on the datasheet of the bipolar transistor. But because of the approx. 33kHz frequency the mosfet operates on it is low enough to make sharpness of the edges more than sufficient to fully open and close the transistor (at least my oscilloscope says that :) ) hope that helped. if you want to correct me on something please go on :)
I have some questions,
shouldn't be the gorund of arduino connect to the circuit?
And why Vin is connected to input voltage? Can arduino stand 12V ?
Very good explanation. Thanks for your video.
Couldn't you use a OpAmp for the gate of the MOSFET..? To Regulate the output or charging of the capacitor based on the resistance or discharging of the capacitor?
Good video, well explained. Maybe a brief explanation of the application of the fet and bjt would complete an otherwise very informative tutorial.
Wow! So clear and concise explanation!!! Thank you!
Your video quality is outstanding! Great videos, keep up the good work :)
Excellent explanation.
@Electronoobs can you make a tutorial of calculating the parameter of the component of each of the converter? that should help me a lot
Awesome tutorial
Will the in4001 diode not explode because it has a too large recovery time in front of 31kHz signal ?? See schematic 9:45 in the video.
Best explanation👌🏻👌🏻
Excellent lecture and demo . Thank you .
Wow... Your explanation is so good! Exceptional... I'm learning about power supplies for Nixie tubes and your information is invaluable. I only wonder about safety of for example a NE555 based PS. Dedicated IC's have protection circuitry but I read that the often used Maxim 1771 has a poor design because the gate of the Mosfet is pulled to ground by a resistor: quote "a substantiol amount of power is wasted in the FET" But I need to look into that much more... I want a safe PS so I can leave a home made HV PS safely on 24/7.
5:47 Unclear. How can an open switch be damaged?
5:59 Unclear. How is current going from supply negative to load positive?
A very fundamental property of an inductor is that you cannot instantaneously change the current through one.
When the switch is ON, current flows from the input supply through the inductor. When you turn the switch OFF, the inductor "tries" to make the same current that was flowing just before that continue to flow. The voltage across the inductor will rise to whatever magnitude is required to make that current flow. That voltage could be a few millivolts if there were a low-resistance path or it could be thousands of volts if the only path available were very high resistance. (with practical, real inductors you usually don't get extremely high voltage because there is enough capacitance between the turns of the windings). The very high voltage can easily destroy a semiconductor switch. With a mechanical switch the high voltage would cause an arc across the opening contacts.
In order for the current to continue to flow in the same direction in the inductor itself, the voltage across the inductor changes polarity. One way to understand this is to draw a simple circuit with a battery, an inductor and a resistor in series. If you "instantly" replace the battery with a short circuit and keep in mind that the same current continues to flow at that instant, you'll see that the voltage across the inductor must now be the opposite of what it was with the battery in the circuit. In the circuit as it is shown in the video, the diode makes the path that allows the current to continue to flow, transferring the energy stored in the inductor to the capacitor and the load.
One thing that helps in understanding how these circuits work is to consider the output capacitor voltage to be constant during any single switch cycle. In reality the capacitor voltage does rise a little bit, but normally the circuit is designed so the rise is very, very small relative to the average voltage on the capacitor when the circuit is operating normally. Of course when you first start the circuit the capacitor voltage is slowly raised over many switching cycles.
Best satisfied chanel❤
Very informative and easy to understand, thank you
You use the LM2576 circuit.
People in China use the LM2596 circuit for the same construction.
Very well explained👍👌
Thank you💖💞💓
Hi
I the video where you explain the feedback a P-channel mosfet is shown.
But should the source not be connected to the input? Otherwise the body diode of the FET will make it conduct always.
does the voltage and the specs of the MosFet are important or can you choose a random MosFet ? Thank you
As usually good and very solid lecture.
Why is the diode in parallel? Shouldn't it be in series to the coil?
You're a great teacher!! Very clear :D
Thank you!
Awesome job. Keep up the great videos.
How did you calculate the inductor and capacitor values. Also, what factors did you take into consideration while calculating those values? Finally, how did you select the switching frequency to turn on and off the Mosfet?
12:12 I didn't get where does the pwm signal i.e. GATE for LM2576 goes? How we control the output voltage, is it the ON/OFF pin, cause it seems like going to ground and I'm confused
Please help...
very nice, very clear, thank you
When is the best time to use an optocoupler for feedback? How do you get around frequency limitations for high frequency optocouplers?
What ic should be used for upto 15 amp of current like lm2576 for 3 amp.
11:10 Can we add supercapacitor "tank" (like 500 F) at the end terminals to smooth the ripples?
Really, really nice work, man!
Whoa, top notch video editing on this! Your channel is really picking up. I was already subbed, but this video made me turn on that bell!
Thank you very much!
*BEST INTRO EVER* love IT !
hey bro can we make a buck converter for convert 220-240v ac 50hz into 35v dc 8a without using transister
or mosfet
Wow! This is such a great video! Informative and so easy to follow!!
just like GREAT SCOTT, intro. and Channel name quite similar to ELECTROBOOM 💥💥💥
F* off
Hi, your Arduino in the circuit diagram at 8:28 is not powered (GND not connected). Could you please explain how did you do that other than connect the USB? Thank you. Nice video overall.
I just noticed in the diagram that the emitter of the bjt is not connected to the ground of arduino (since arduino gnd is not connected to input gnd) so how does any current flow to turn the bjt on?
Dude just too good
Hey electronoobs. Unas preguntas. Que has estudiado para saber tanto de electronica? Que libros, webs, videos de yutuf recomiendas para alguien que se quiera meter? Que proyecto de los de tu canal es el que mas te ha gustado? Y que proyecto crees que esta bien para alguien que no tiene mucha idea?
He estudiado ingeniería electrónica. Recomiendo mirar tutoriales de UA-cam y probar todo emepezando con pequeños circuitos como este. Recomiendo que te compres un Arduino y hacer pequeños tests. Como libro te recomneido Basic Electronics de Walter Banzhaf. Saludos!
Frnd tnx for the informative video, i understand it well but i have a few questions. I made one of the buck converters using potentiometer. I can adjust the voltage up and down but i observed that the current output of the circuit is low. I used it to charge a mobile phone but its difficult for it to charge because the amps is low. What do i have to do my frnd to increase it? Thnx my frnd again.
I think you need to increase the pwm frequency in your code with shorter off times to maximize amp flow
@@artbyrobot1 ok tnx my frnd, so do i have to increase also the windings of the inductor?
I observed that the voltage is also increasing as i ncrease the pwm. What happens my frnd if i try to increase the switching frequency? Tnx my frnd
@@azenarnoriv403 what inductor value you use?
@@Musabbir_Sakib i don't know because its hard to find 100mh inductor in electronic shops here. So i just use a choke filter with 50 or 30 maybe windings on it. But the numbers indicated on the choke is 1R1A852A 0BK.
Hi. very nice video. But how can i make a 15 amp buck converter that can handle 60 volts. It seems when the voltage gets too hight the gate / source voltage gets too big this way? And how can I supply the arduino with power from same source we try to buck down? Als these tutorails make it look so simple but somehow it never fit my needs. For my solar shed and e-moped batteries I need 40 and 54 volt projects.
Great video. Pleade tell me which mosfet i can use to built a buck converter 50v to 120v dc input with 12 v dc fixed output, load is max 1 amp
Dear, In buck converter the capacitor current is both positive and negative. So should we use a polar or non polar capacitor?
The capacitor _current_ is both positive and negative, but the voltage across the capacitor is always positive. You would only need a non-polar cap if the voltage across it changed polarity.
Great video. Excellent explanation. Congratulations !
Great explanation!! Really nice video. Like it!!
WOW! What an awesome tutorial!!!! Thanks man!!!
Wow, thanks a lot . That's super cool
Thanks for the best-detailed tutorial. Is it ok if I use one of the simple voltage regulator to take 5V to 3.7V?
Can you please tell me what was the inductor you have specifically used in that project?
What would I use if I wanted to lower 40v to 36v or 12v
Nice explains thank you sir
why do you have bjt and mosfet? why not connect mosfets gate directly to pwm pin?
The bjt is for the Arduino circuit only. Arduino works at 5V. I wnat max current for the mosfet. To drive the mosfet at 12V I use a bjt. Keep up!
yeah some mosfets gates have a minimum voltage required to turn them on that is higher than the 5 volts an arduino pwm pin can manage to put out. For this you need a separate power source that is high enough to match that gate threshhold voltage - a lot of power n-channel mosfets have a gate threshhold voltage of 20 volts. You need the arduino to control another mosfet that turns on from only 5v and that mosfet will turn on the power supply to the big power mosfet which will turn the big power mosfet on. So you need that middle man mosfet to make things work.
At 8:28
In the arduino circuit,
Shouldn't be the ground of arduino connect to the circuit?
And the value of inductor is 100 mili henry. Should not it be 100 micro henry?
Thanks we can learn many things. I have a question is the Arduino ground and the buck converter circuit ground connect together or separate?
Waiting for your ans
Could we use the BJT directly as the switch?
Can the Ic drive mosfet for bigger load
how do i get a 15amp from this buck conveter? please reply.
nice 👍 explanation
what sort of current are we dealing with here?
You are the best ! Great video thanks bro :)
Hi, can we just paralel the diode with the inductor?
Do you have a simple buck converter circuit that steps up 1.5V to about 152V at 1A max? It must function just like a power supply.