I believe that Sam is actually an android and thats why nobody has ever seen him. No human could have not 1 but 2 different popular youtube channels AND curiosity stream / nebula. Maybe one day he'll look lifelike enough to pass as a real human and reveal himself 😉
At 7:07 the picture shows the sp3 hybrids making a bent bond - not good. The narration was fine; it said the overlap between hybrids was head-on, but the graphics were incorrect at that point.
10 years in future: T1: We did it! We managed to get a material for a space elevator! T2: Well ... we also did it, we can confuse cats with maximum efficiency yet known to science. Nobel prize awards: And a nobel prize this year goes to the research team who managed to confuse cats on yet unprecedented level!
I literally just finished my final project for my biomaterials course and it was titles “Using Graphene to Improve Prosthetic Functionality” where we proposed a method of connecting nerves directly to prosthetics with graphene nanotubes to essentially great “graphene tube nerves” that act like a circuit between the body and a electronic prosthetic. Crazy how this video was just uploaded a few days before my presentation today.
P orbitals actually look a lot more like dumbbells than their usual illustrations would suggest, especially the ones in the higher shells. We elongate them when we draw them, which is good for some things, but actually makes graphene's p-orbital pi-bonds a lot harder to intuit
It's the ability to make leaps of logic that turn out to be more correct more often than they should. (Still gotta use science to do your best to disprove them, of course, before you have anything reliable enough to be engineering.)
I got an AP exam this upcoming wensday...pray for me I dont have the slightest clue what the hell a long term monopolistic competition demand curve looks like
The hybridization is so well explained in this video (I’m a chem major)! They should use it in general chemistry - I think it could make students actually like learning about MO and electron distribution
AAAAAAHHHHH!!!! PAAAAAIIIINNNN!!!!!! I broke my hand yesterday because of the hate comments I get all the time. I was so angry that I punched a hole in my computer. Please don't hate me, dear man
This video is by far the best and most informative educational resource on the subject of carbon nanotube I have yet encountered. Everything else I have seen has skipped over the chemical properties of the covalent bonds, much less explained them in such simple and straightforward ways. While other sources usually do discuss the engineering challenges in creating nanotubes, not one has gone into such depth much less had actual visuals and footage! I know I am probably sounding like a fanboy, but this video deserves more recognition for the amazing job he has done here. Keep up the good work!
I agree. 12ish years ago I worked as a contract design Engineer for a carbon nanotube company's reactors and they really couldn't explain the principles behind the process.
6:01 "Yes, it will be on your final exam" This is stuff of literal nightmares I never even took the midterm, and why am I in class in just my underwear?
@@therainbowlord9572G-String Theory Question 1 (in your dreams): Prove the exact measurement for the g-string that is nailed to the classroom chalk board. *Looks down* Oh no.
I’ve studied just a few of the physics involved in carbon nanotubes recently at university and believe me, this video did a great job at saving you from many headaches and explaining all you really need to know about them. The only thing I would’ve added in here is the research involving the addition of impurities or holes in the nanotube structure, and the multi layer nanotubes, which show quite promising results. Some configurations even have superconducting capabilities, and it is believed we might be able to get a close-to-room temp superconductor with them, but as far as I know none of that has been confirmed yet. What’s coolest about it is how depending on the way you connect the carbon layers, you can get very different material properties.
Yup.. as much as I hate the "muh real world!!11" argument, I feel like textbooks should include more applications per chapter, instead of a couple at the end.. I would always be confused by some topics, then immediately when something as simple as shown in the video was presented to me, it immediately solidified WHY I had to perform such and such operation instead of rote memorization
@@harshvardhan4766 Maths is probably the worst for this. Most maths education is just learning how to work out equations with very few, if any examples. Sure, for say trigonometry they'll chuck in working out the distance a boat is from a lighthouse or such, and there are graphs (but those are pretty abstract and require understanding themselves) but the number of actual occurances and uses of the maths is stupidly limited. tl;dr I know what a quadratic equation is and how to work it out, but I don't know anything that would require me to do so.* *Yes, I do know (thanks mainly to pop culture like this video) that there are uses for it. Now could you go back in time and tell my maths teacher to tell me those examples?
I'm a last year chemistry undergraduate student on my way to organic chemistry grad. Just loved how you explained chemical bonds and their implications on materials
This video (specifically the part on carbon's hybridization) is why I'm going to pass my chemistry of materials exam tomorrow. Thank you so much Brian. I've been watching these videos for years but only now that I'm offically learning this stuff in college did my brain go "wait I've heard about this before!" and direct me to this video to subsidize my understanding.
Oh my god, if you uploaded this during my highschool, things would have been a lot easier. He explain this at least 10x better than my chemistry professor.
Literally 11/12 grade Chemistry lessons word by word.... As he explaining those Sp2 and Sp3 bonds..... I was nodding my head and be like of course ikr.... Ahhhh man never thought those Chemistry lessons would stuck with me and give me such a nostalgia trip and make me feel giddy about good old Chemistry. Loved it.
Yeah it jumped out at me too. The easy way to remember how to pronounce 'deposition' is that it's the process of depositing. Or, put another way, to get something to 'assume de-position'.
It sounds like what sci fi writers have talked about mechs needing as well. A lot of them had names like 'myomer muscle' fiber bundles and alluded to them being carbon based, electrically actuated, and neurally linked to pilots while being able to expand and contract. This tech could reduce the weight of wearable mech suits of many sizes so that current energy sources could power and drive them.
It won't be much longer, graphene will be in every battery. Mass production is also its problem, but much closer to reality. There's already graphene hybrid batteries. Once they can be pure graphene, batteries will reach an entirely new level. Phone batteries of current size would last a week. Or OEM's will be able to have the same mAh as currently used In a battery smaller than a postage stamp. Hopefully these come quick enough (mass production) to save to planet! Nano T's since '91. Graphene since 2004. This long again will be too late...
Every prediction is according to what they know at that time. You can't predict about things that is not discovered yet. Albert Einstein said nuclear energy is not possible, at that time neutrons were not discovered yet and afterwards everything changes when quantum mechanical model comes. Same with fusion. Once you solve one problem ten more problems will arise. There is no way to predict how many problems will arise even before you solve existing ones.
22 years. Not bad, considering that the electronically actuated switch took over 90 years to be developed into the transistors found in computers. Or the fact that the internal combustion engine took 250 years to produce feasable transportation (first working ICE was invented in the 1600s and could barely carry itself up a super shallow slope). And powered flight? It took all the way from the beginning of human imagination to the 1900s for us to succeed in doing that.
it'll be great to see just how many interesting (and sometimes strange) applications that we come up with once we can start mass producing these, it may still take decades to come but: engineering evolves in steps, and only rarely in leaps
Zero gravity may help. Ironically though, a space elevator would immensely help in making a factory for carbon nanotubes in space (mainly due to the ease of send the finished material back to the surface).
Great introductory video! As a PhD grad who worked with CNTs, I can confirm that they are awful to work with - cancerous, static, low density dust gets everywhere!
Carbon Nanotubes and Nuclear Fusion Energy are those concepts that we will likely never see in our life time, and instead, we will only get to dream about what they could do
As a chemistry undergrad currently writing a dissertation on single molecular layers I think you've done an INCREDIBLE job on the explanations used here, not a single criticism, well apart from pronunciation but this UA-cam so I have to pick on that
Absolutely loved this episode. This channel has always been good, and now it’s becoming real sharp with these animations. Love that you took a deep dive into a chemistry subject, which might not seem so so “engineering” like aviation, but it is! It really is!
"yes this will be on your final exam" 2022 April fools should be RE setting us a test and the whole vid is just him sitting at a desk reading a book and occasionally going "45 minutes remaining of the test"
So the key is to make carbon nanotube forests easier and cheaper to "grow." Just an idea... The nanotubes are non-magnetic but if the forests can be made to reliably precipitate away from the catalyst in a loop you could run a very small current through it to gently encourage the forest to grow longer so that maybe it doesn't terminate too early? Increase gas concentrations as necessary maybe so that the structure also will continue to crystalize. I feel that this method could be potentially be equally more volatile and yield far less lengthy nanotubes in the early stages of testing, but it might offer better results in the end. Dividing the substrate to allow a current to pass though it would be required of course. Worth a shot?
What is the most efficient method to break the molecule of water? Eelectrolysis PWM at what frequency?; electron resonant laser beam? This can revolutionize energy storage.
@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 did he actually said "aluminiuminuminum"? I only heard "aluminium"... I know the country-dependent part of it, but i always get a feeling for some reason that "aluminum" refers to a material (usually an Al-based alloy), while "aluminium" refers to the chemical element.
@@victortitov1740 I was mostly ribbing the Brits there. But yes, it's "Aluminum". The Brits added "Aluminium" to make it sound like some other elements.
@@NolaanOne nanotechnology holds the key to a pollution free world but on the same hand it has this negative side of nano pollution. But the thing about nanobots catastrophe is already going on. We are already living in a world filled with a kind of nanobot eg. viruses and bacteria.
@@mayurkumar4436 I don't think you can qualify viruses to be nanobots. They're natural, we have no idea what the consequences on health and environment would be! Viruses and bacteria are already there and stable. We don't know how nanotechnology will affect the ecosystem.
@@NolaanOne You're true to your point but one cannot say that nanobots in future will be dooming the humanity. Nanotechnology has negative impacts but think about the possibilities it'll open for humanity. Extraterrestrial travel, renewable energy, very high efficiency electronics, mechanics and etc. Along with a very big boost to computation industry, quantum computing will be on our fingertips.
CVD is chemical vapor deposition (not disposition) .. CNTs growth usually give a mix of metallic and semiconducting tubes depending on their chirality and diameter. CVD growth method is a long way off from controlling chirality. Until then it’s all a pipe dream. As far as I am concerned.. majority of university labs have moved on to other novel materials. It’s an evolutionary deadens material with novel physics but few scalable applications possible.
Jo-Jo bighiker 1 second ago Not disposition! Carbon nanotubes will change the world... heard that before. Like lasers, it will be some kind of useful technology, applied in small ways. Probably in the military at first, because they can afford it (DARPA).
They start to get good at chirality control. Or at least at selecting semiconducting tubes. See here for example: www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1493-8 I think it's still an interesting topic. Well, I do research on CNTs.
@@daniel7587 I will check out this paper. It’s promising. Are you working on FRET on CNTs 🤓? We also have papers on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer event in CNTs! I also got my PhD in CNTs. Long time ago though. Good luck!
Actually there is a way of manufacturing high quality, high consistency CNTs that have controlled chirality. I disagree that it is a pipe dream. For example, please do some due diligence on Birla Carbon and SWM Intl and consider why these well-established, multi-billion dollar corporations have recently made investments in CNTs. There is no way these behemoths would be getting involved if they thought scalability was still an issue, imo.
Very happy you did a video on carbon allotropes! Nanomaterials are the future and I'm actually studying for this field! Thanks for the great content as always.
I love when electron orbitals and their change are put in videos. It's so rare to see. But I like to see how atoms actually "look" (even if these are still partially for illustrative purposes).
Would be interesting to see if a successful carbon nanotube composite could be laminated into infantry body armor. Ultra light, ultra strong. Would definitely change the game.
Commercial solutions that incorporate CNTs are available today. See the recent developments in transparent conductive films for transparent heaters and antennas, for example.
I remember writing some shit about carbon nanotubes in middle school. That was over 15 years ago. This shit's like nuclear fusion. We're 40 years away from it being 40 years away from it being 40 years away.
The difference here is that we're already producing carbon nanotubes fairly reliably, unlike nuclear fusion (Though we do have active fusion reactors, they just aren't operating at their full potential yet.). Nanotubes just cost a lot to make and we have to get that price down.
Wall the two processes off with the metal catalyst as the separator. Hot gas comes in one side and exits as nanotubes on the other. If you want to get really crazy make the catalyst a cycled liquid in the process so it does not wear out with liquid retention using ceramic filters.
Much of this went over my head, except the bit about invisible hammocks for cats. Then I had a cat, floating at eye level, giving me the slow blink. Good kitty.
Very well-produced video and very up-to-date on developments in the field. However you need to look more into the impurities that collect on nanotubes during manufacture and how those impurities affect their ability to be used in this applications, as well as our ability to measure specific properties on the nanoscale that have drastic effects on the performance of the materials in those applications, not to mention our ability to make sure that we're making the same product again and again.
CNTs can be manufactured with extremely high consistency, so that is a non-issue in my experience. Impurities are the results of the catalysts that are required to synthesize the nanotubes (cobalt, moly, aluminum). Those elements can be removed chemically with acids or thermally. Thermal purification can be highly effective at removing the impurities but care must be taken as the structure of the tubes can suffer damage if the heat is excessive.
@@paulferguson4930 CNTs also graphitize at lower temperatures than things like PAN. The result is that the CNT fibers that are made lose their mechanical advantages (e.g., elongation to break) over conventional carbon fibers. I've seen it happen at 1600°C
The physics behind carbon nanotubes is honestly super cool-especially their electronic properties. When they're long enough, the electrons act like a Tomanaga-Luttinger liquid.
6:50 It says 4sp3 which I think is incorrect. The s and p orbitals all come from the 2s and 2p. I think theyre just trying to say it has 4 of the sp3 orbitals. I see it again at 9:00 with the 3sp2. That first 3 doesnt belong there and is just signifying that there are 3 if them.
@@RealEngineering this isn’t a fair reply, the technology is old on the modern scale of development. what researchers need to do is come up with more practical use cases for them so that they can be applied in the field
True, but I'm a bit more optimistic about this than flying cars since there's fewer barriers to it becoming a reality. Flying cars have lots of drawbacks and few benefits, this has innumerable benefits and the only drawback is the ability to manufacture it cheaply and to a high enough standard to be widely useful.
We’ve been hearing this for some time. Like back when flat screen TVs first came around. It’s good to dream, but also important not to get ahead of ourselves. In the end, time will tell.
Never realised I would get my physical chemistry lessons got refreshed after years. Amazing animations by the way. My brain needed half of my usual efforts to understand this vs. when I learned it new.
"Idk what gym these nerds are going to cause i have never seen a dumbbell like this" lol i wasnt ready for that one. I almost spit out my morning coffee!!!
When I was young (15-16yo) I started watching a lot of science channels because they were and still are very fascinating to me and I've always read comments like "our college professor showed us your video in our class" and it didn't make sense because why would college professors use platform like youtube for teaching. Today on 2nd March 2022 I got to experience this first hand when my college professor used this video (which I already had watched) to teach the whole class. It's a very satisfactory feeling when you have already have seen the video and also read the comments about this situation and experience it first hand. I don't think words can describe this feeling of growing up and also realizing that all those hours spent on useless informative videos are actually somewhat useful.
Big thanks for Wendy sending over that clip of him in the gym. Nebula gang helping each other out.
Might you do a video on graphene and the newer ways of how it's being mass produced?
That would be great!!
😊
Yeah
Hi! I can't find this video on my Nebula, please check if it was uploaded there too
Thanks for the great work!
Hey, I would love to watch this on Nebula instead. Can you please upload it there too? Thanks!
@@martinsmolik2449 it’s uploaded. Processing is just a little slow.
How about those graphics! Very cool video, as always. Thanks for not using the photo of me lifting weights.
Hi Grady!
I believe that Sam is actually an android and thats why nobody has ever seen him. No human could have not 1 but 2 different popular youtube channels AND curiosity stream / nebula.
Maybe one day he'll look lifelike enough to pass as a real human and reveal himself 😉
@@sirtra he had a reveal some time ago.
@@btd5311 shush, let him believe, like you let kids believe in Santa
Then collab to make Real Practical Engineering
As a chemist, I really gotta say: That was a damn good job of explaining orbitals and basic molecular bonding!
As a nonchemist, i just have to rely on whatever it is
Agreed, I may have to reference this video when teaching hybridization!
At 7:07 the picture shows the sp3 hybrids making a bent bond - not good. The narration was fine; it said the overlap between hybrids was head-on, but the graphics were incorrect at that point.
@@SanePerson1 true, other than that though, it does a good job showing the geometry around the hybridized atom
for the first time I can visualize and understand hybridization
"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse!"
-Real Engineering guy, 2021
That was funny 😂
xDDD
10 years in future:
T1: We did it! We managed to get a material for a space elevator!
T2: Well ... we also did it, we can confuse cats with maximum efficiency yet known to science.
Nobel prize awards: And a nobel prize this year goes to the research team who managed to confuse cats on yet unprecedented level!
Brian McManus is his name.
@@5daboz Why not space yeeter? We have materials for one
Hexagons are the Bestagons
A particular stickman said that once.
Exactly my thought. It is almost a cult now lmao
WHAT a reference ;D
I dont get the reference at all but i still think hexagons are cool
@@suchirghuwalewala CGP Grey......find it....
I literally just finished my final project for my biomaterials course and it was titles “Using Graphene to Improve Prosthetic Functionality” where we proposed a method of connecting nerves directly to prosthetics with graphene nanotubes to essentially great “graphene tube nerves” that act like a circuit between the body and a electronic prosthetic. Crazy how this video was just uploaded a few days before my presentation today.
Look up my patent: Annular Electrode Array
Hum I would like to present a project about it.😊
P orbitals actually look a lot more like dumbbells than their usual illustrations would suggest, especially the ones in the higher shells. We elongate them when we draw them, which is good for some things, but actually makes graphene's p-orbital pi-bonds a lot harder to intuit
@@volcanowb It's basically a fancy word for understand
@@volcanowb I think it is derived from intuitive so it is supposed to mean "giving an intuitive understanding"
Can somebody show in illustration how they actually look?
It's the ability to make leaps of logic that turn out to be more correct more often than they should. (Still gotta use science to do your best to disprove them, of course, before you have anything reliable enough to be engineering.)
back in my school, we used to visualize orbitals by basically tying balloons together.
Once again, Hexagon is the Bestagon.
A fellow CGP Grey connoisseur I pressume?
All hail, CGP grey's Hexagon cult
@@arijitpalit2756 You assume correctly.
Hail our lord Hexagon
I wish you luck for the nex hex days
"It will be on your final exam" I actually have a Chemistry final next week. Why put the fear in me?
You got this bro! - A chemistry graduate
Same
Good luck :) Chem 1 or high school AP?
I got an AP exam this upcoming wensday...pray for me I dont have the slightest clue what the hell a long term monopolistic competition demand curve looks like
You will not succeed and you will become an old man filled with regret.
Imagine this guy starting a teaching series on basic concepts from physics and chemistry. School would be so much easier
The hybridization is so well explained in this video (I’m a chem major)! They should use it in general chemistry - I think it could make students actually like learning about MO and electron distribution
5 years from now: How scientists and engineers will revolutionize the world with Carbon Nanotumes in the next decade.
tumes will always be better than tubes
@@bluemamba5317 Agreed.
AAAAAAHHHHH!!!! PAAAAAIIIINNNN!!!!!!
I broke my hand yesterday because of the hate comments I get all the time. I was so angry that I punched a hole in my computer. Please don't hate me, dear man
@Manic basically cold fusion.
they said the same thing with graphene
This video is by far the best and most informative educational resource on the subject of carbon nanotube I have yet encountered. Everything else I have seen has skipped over the chemical properties of the covalent bonds, much less explained them in such simple and straightforward ways. While other sources usually do discuss the engineering challenges in creating nanotubes, not one has gone into such depth much less had actual visuals and footage! I know I am probably sounding like a fanboy, but this video deserves more recognition for the amazing job he has done here. Keep up the good work!
I agree. 12ish years ago I worked as a contract design Engineer for a carbon nanotube company's reactors and they really couldn't explain the principles behind the process.
asbestos
Yes you are really sounding like a fanboy. You see I've been hearing this promise for about 15 or more years.
Indeed. Couldn't say it any better.
Mostly agreed, but I was surprised that their cytotoxicity was not mentioned at all. They really aren't "not toxic" as 16:39 suggests.
5:08 "I don't know what gym these nerds are going to" absolute gold, couldn't stop laughing.
6:01
"Yes, it will be on your final exam"
This is stuff of literal nightmares
I never even took the midterm, and why am I in class in just my underwear?
Question 1: Prove string theory
@@therainbowlord9572 😰😰
@@therainbowlord9572G-String Theory Question 1 (in your dreams): Prove the exact measurement for the g-string that is nailed to the classroom chalk board. *Looks down*
Oh no.
I’ve studied just a few of the physics involved in carbon nanotubes recently at university and believe me, this video did a great job at saving you from many headaches and explaining all you really need to know about them. The only thing I would’ve added in here is the research involving the addition of impurities or holes in the nanotube structure, and the multi layer nanotubes, which show quite promising results. Some configurations even have superconducting capabilities, and it is believed we might be able to get a close-to-room temp superconductor with them, but as far as I know none of that has been confirmed yet. What’s coolest about it is how depending on the way you connect the carbon layers, you can get very different material properties.
Finally my knowledge of hybridization came to use, i always wondered why are they teach us this at school
so true
Yup.. as much as I hate the "muh real world!!11" argument, I feel like textbooks should include more applications per chapter, instead of a couple at the end.. I would always be confused by some topics, then immediately when something as simple as shown in the video was presented to me, it immediately solidified WHY I had to perform such and such operation instead of rote memorization
Yeah like why tf they don't tell us there *use* also in maths and other science subjects
@@harshvardhan4766 Maths is probably the worst for this.
Most maths education is just learning how to work out equations with very few, if any examples. Sure, for say trigonometry they'll chuck in working out the distance a boat is from a lighthouse or such, and there are graphs (but those are pretty abstract and require understanding themselves) but the number of actual occurances and uses of the maths is stupidly limited.
tl;dr I know what a quadratic equation is and how to work it out, but I don't know anything that would require me to do so.*
*Yes, I do know (thanks mainly to pop culture like this video) that there are uses for it. Now could you go back in time and tell my maths teacher to tell me those examples?
@@tams805 with relation to thermodynamics and physics, most definitely
Suppressed LC chemistry memories being unsurfaced as I watch this
Yeah I had flashbacks to OChem.
I had to look at my degree to recover from this video
"and yes, it will be in your final exam"
Me, studying materials science: 😭😭 i know.
I felt this deep in my soul, and I took Materials about 2.5 years ago. You got this!
Who's AWAKE in 2021?
@@theyredistortingyourrhythm130 only us so called conspiracy theorists
@@Alexis_Gz yes yes, now rest. You poor, paranoid and misguided soul.
@@AnimeFan-wd5pq 🤡🤡🤡
I'm a last year chemistry undergraduate student on my way to organic chemistry grad. Just loved how you explained chemical bonds and their implications on materials
This video (specifically the part on carbon's hybridization) is why I'm going to pass my chemistry of materials exam tomorrow. Thank you so much Brian. I've been watching these videos for years but only now that I'm offically learning this stuff in college did my brain go "wait I've heard about this before!" and direct me to this video to subsidize my understanding.
Nanotubes can do everything except leave the laboratory.
What would happen if the nano tubes were introduced to living laboratory... the body of a human...
@@whitetiger432 I just snorted a line of nanotubes, and my IQ increased 100 points.
Currently being used to build X-ray tubes at Micro-X
I agree, 20 years ago my prof mentioned nanotubes.
unfortunitly, innovation takes time.
Oh my god, if you uploaded this during my highschool, things would have been a lot easier. He explain this at least 10x better than my chemistry professor.
Professors teaching at high schools?
this is why you always get a lesson from someone else if you don't understand something someone has taught you
@@limiv5272
Some professors also teach at highschools, is it really that uncommon?
@@PiousSlayer It is where I live. I had this one teacher who had a master's degree and even that was considered unusual
Brilliant video, great explanation of the sp hybridisation!
Thx for ur useful videos!
indeed need a plank length cpu
this is a pretty good remake from the video uploaded 4 years ago :D
It's been 5 years since hybridization has crossed my mind! (fu chem 109)
I watched this video to relax a bit after studying chemistry and it ended up explaining hybridization better than my textbook could lol
We've heard this for years, let's hope that engineers actually start using this material for realsies now
Like nuclear fusion, the technology is 20 years away. No matter when you ask about it.
just 50 more years of "next year, definitely, it's right around the corner!"
I'll be taking a carbon nanotube coffin when the day comes
@@rmod42 nuclear fusion is more like 5 years away.
The more problems we solve, the more we discover. The trick is to solve more problems than you discover.
Yeah like confusing cats
Great video Brian! This answered a lot of questions I didn't realize I had haha
Loved the new Attack on Titans video! Glad you went with that idea. Hope the shoulder is feeling better!
Yes! Like how adorable Nanotubes are
this is a pretty good remake from the video uploaded 4 years ago :D
It's all about you
you visually explained hybridization in 5 minutes which my education system couldn't for 3 years, simply because they never want you to visualize
I know the feeling
really? I've never seen orbitals presented in any manual or textbook without visualization and drawings!
@@Orholam5 drawings are Outdated now
It seems Videos are better and animations Are easier
True
And that's why I will never be good at math, physics or chemistry
5:06 Lol, that jab at Wendover was perfect... I wasn't expecting that 😅
Literally 11/12 grade Chemistry lessons word by word....
As he explaining those Sp2 and Sp3 bonds..... I was nodding my head and be like of course ikr....
Ahhhh man never thought those Chemistry lessons would stuck with me and give me such a nostalgia trip and make me feel giddy about good old Chemistry.
Loved it.
I love how well this is explained. The use of 3D visualisations is great.
11:34 Chemical Vapor Disposition - thats going on your permanent record, mister! Other than that - thanks for another gem (ba-dums) of quality content
Heard it too. "Hold up. Did I just grab a _dispostion_ in there?"
@@cwtrain I’m still watching but so far he’s said it twice 🤦
Was looking for this comment!
Yeah it jumped out at me too. The easy way to remember how to pronounce 'deposition' is that it's the process of depositing. Or, put another way, to get something to 'assume de-position'.
Also at 0:40 "a spark ARCHED between them". I can't help but notice these things.
small addition to the hexagonal shape: you get the largest amount of room for a given amount of wall, given that you are not making one room, but many
cuz hexagons are bestagons
"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse. That's the world I want to live in." Definitely the best use of a single-atom-thick graphene hammock.
It sounds like what sci fi writers have talked about mechs needing as well. A lot of them had names like 'myomer muscle' fiber bundles and alluded to them being carbon based, electrically actuated, and neurally linked to pilots while being able to expand and contract. This tech could reduce the weight of wearable mech suits of many sizes so that current energy sources could power and drive them.
It feel like carbon nanotubes/batteries have been the next big thing since 1999
Batteries have actually made advancements in that time.
Most significant breakthroughs seem to take one or two (human) generations to go from discovery to everyday usefulness..... ¯\_ಠ_ಠ_/¯
It won't be much longer, graphene will be in every battery. Mass production is also its problem, but much closer to reality. There's already graphene hybrid batteries. Once they can be pure graphene, batteries will reach an entirely new level. Phone batteries of current size would last a week. Or OEM's will be able to have the same mAh as currently used In a battery smaller than a postage stamp.
Hopefully these come quick enough (mass production) to save to planet! Nano T's since '91.
Graphene since 2004. This long again will be too late...
Every prediction is according to what they know at that time. You can't predict about things that is not discovered yet. Albert Einstein said nuclear energy is not possible, at that time neutrons were not discovered yet and afterwards everything changes when quantum mechanical model comes. Same with fusion. Once you solve one problem ten more problems will arise. There is no way to predict how many problems will arise even before you solve existing ones.
22 years. Not bad, considering that the electronically actuated switch took over 90 years to be developed into the transistors found in computers. Or the fact that the internal combustion engine took 250 years to produce feasable transportation (first working ICE was invented in the 1600s and could barely carry itself up a super shallow slope).
And powered flight? It took all the way from the beginning of human imagination to the 1900s for us to succeed in doing that.
it'll be great to see just how many interesting (and sometimes strange) applications that we come up with once we can start mass producing these, it may still take decades to come but: engineering evolves in steps, and only rarely in leaps
But those steps get bigger and sooner each time😉
Zero gravity may help.
Ironically though, a space elevator would immensely help in making a factory for carbon nanotubes in space (mainly due to the ease of send the finished material back to the surface).
Was doing a chemistry final practice last week and this literally *was* on my final! Thanks Real Engineering. :)
He did a good job with explaining it
I do not envy you. That's for sure. Maybe I envy your intelligence though.
Great introductory video! As a PhD grad who worked with CNTs, I can confirm that they are awful to work with - cancerous, static, low density dust gets everywhere!
Pulse a negative charge with plasma gas, duhhhhhhh
Carbon Nanotubes and Nuclear Fusion Energy are those concepts that we will likely never see in our life time, and instead, we will only get to dream about what they could do
No they are using them in human body wreaking havoc
@@ArmstrongMayNelsonhuh?
As a chemistry undergrad currently writing a dissertation on single molecular layers I think you've done an INCREDIBLE job on the explanations used here, not a single criticism, well apart from pronunciation but this UA-cam so I have to pick on that
Love the comedic additions in this episode, it's refreshing and extra funny coming from the science guy!
"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse, now that's a world I want to live in" really got to me. XD
I'm in college right now specifically to add to this revolution. I've waited years and metamaterial is finally becoming it's own stand alone science
Thank you for the deep dive on carbon, and carbon nano tubes.
This has been missing from so much content covering this tech.
It's been 10 years and we're still talking about nanotechnology
Would you care to elaborate?
nanotechnology is literally just the technology of the small, like very small, stuff you can’t see with your own eyes small.
this is pretty smol... *but can it go smaller?*
ua-cam.com/video/IDQBd9cVZAc/v-deo.html no they have All done
Absolutely loved this episode. This channel has always been good, and now it’s becoming real sharp with these animations. Love that you took a deep dive into a chemistry subject, which might not seem so so “engineering” like aviation, but it is! It really is!
"yes this will be on your final exam" 2022 April fools should be RE setting us a test and the whole vid is just him sitting at a desk reading a book and occasionally going "45 minutes remaining of the test"
So the key is to make carbon nanotube forests easier and cheaper to "grow."
Just an idea...
The nanotubes are non-magnetic but if the forests can be made to reliably precipitate away from the catalyst in a loop you could run a very small current through it to gently encourage the forest to grow longer so that maybe it doesn't terminate too early? Increase gas concentrations as necessary maybe so that the structure also will continue to crystalize.
I feel that this method could be potentially be equally more volatile and yield far less lengthy nanotubes in the early stages of testing, but it might offer better results in the end. Dividing the substrate to allow a current to pass though it would be required of course. Worth a shot?
What is the most efficient method to break the molecule of water? Eelectrolysis PWM at what frequency?; electron resonant laser beam? This can revolutionize energy storage.
I can’t wait until fusion reactors, carbon nanotubes, and full self driving cars come out at the same time! I only have to wait 20 more years…
Don’t forget to add quantum computers, general artificial intelligence, 1nm chips and Neuralink.
@@Zen_Power IBM has 2nm chips that will probably be in production in the next 5 to 10 years, so 1nm by 2040 will probably happen.
@@ethanbottomley-mason8447 hopefully sooner! Tech development is so slow!
The quality of these videos just keeps going up... Thanks for the awesome content!
5:09 I was just lifting my dumbbells and this came up xD
you should invest in smartbells
wendover
@@InvadersDie 20% more gains?
I might actually use part of this video next year for my AP Chem class. Pretty clear on the hybridization. I didn't expect this video to go there.
D in CVD is deposition not disposition
It’s “DEPOsition,” not “disposition.” Lol.
Came here looking for such a comment
He said "Aluminiuminuminum" too,
darn Brits. -- "Aluminum"
@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 did he actually said "aluminiuminuminum"? I only heard "aluminium"...
I know the country-dependent part of it, but i always get a feeling for some reason that "aluminum" refers to a material (usually an Al-based alloy), while "aluminium" refers to the chemical element.
@@victortitov1740 "alloyminium" gets used sometimes which is nice and confusing
@@victortitov1740 I was mostly ribbing the Brits there. But yes, it's "Aluminum". The Brits added "Aluminium" to make it sound like some other elements.
I am a nanotechnology engineer my self just completing my B.E.
Seeing the world covered in nanotechnology is a really big goal for humanity.
How about nanotechnology induced pollution?
Can you endorsed a world pandemic of nanobots? 🤔
@@NolaanOne nanotechnology holds the key to a pollution free world but on the same hand it has this negative side of nano pollution.
But the thing about nanobots catastrophe is already going on.
We are already living in a world filled with a kind of nanobot eg. viruses and bacteria.
@@mayurkumar4436 I don't think you can qualify viruses to be nanobots. They're natural, we have no idea what the consequences on health and environment would be!
Viruses and bacteria are already there and stable. We don't know how nanotechnology will affect the ecosystem.
@@NolaanOne You're true to your point but one cannot say that nanobots in future will be dooming the humanity.
Nanotechnology has negative impacts but think about the possibilities it'll open for humanity. Extraterrestrial travel, renewable energy, very high efficiency electronics, mechanics and etc. Along with a very big boost to computation industry, quantum computing will be on our fingertips.
@@mayurkumar4436 but can we weaponize these things?
Please make a series of videos that you teach chemistry like this
I've never understood chemistry this well
That transition to the sponsor bit was smooth as butter.
I just cant thank you enough for not putting a million ad breaks in this! I am eternally grateful
CVD is chemical vapor deposition (not disposition) .. CNTs growth usually give a mix of metallic and semiconducting tubes depending on their chirality and diameter. CVD growth method is a long way off from controlling chirality. Until then it’s all a pipe dream. As far as I am concerned.. majority of university labs have moved on to other novel materials. It’s an evolutionary deadens material with novel physics but few scalable applications possible.
Jo-Jo bighiker
1 second ago
Not disposition! Carbon nanotubes will change the world... heard that before. Like lasers, it will be some kind of useful technology, applied in small ways. Probably in the military at first, because they can afford it (DARPA).
They start to get good at chirality control. Or at least at selecting semiconducting tubes. See here for example: www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1493-8
I think it's still an interesting topic. Well, I do research on CNTs.
@@daniel7587 I will check out this paper. It’s promising. Are you working on FRET on CNTs 🤓? We also have papers on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer event in CNTs! I also got my PhD in CNTs. Long time ago though. Good luck!
@@agotti Haha, but no, I'm working on numerical simulations of CNTs
Actually there is a way of manufacturing high quality, high consistency CNTs that have controlled chirality. I disagree that it is a pipe dream. For example, please do some due diligence on Birla Carbon and SWM Intl and consider why these well-established, multi-billion dollar corporations have recently made investments in CNTs. There is no way these behemoths would be getting involved if they thought scalability was still an issue, imo.
Very happy you did a video on carbon allotropes! Nanomaterials are the future and I'm actually studying for this field! Thanks for the great content as always.
I love when electron orbitals and their change are put in videos. It's so rare to see. But I like to see how atoms actually "look" (even if these are still partially for illustrative purposes).
the best explanation of electron orbitals I've ever heard, everything just clicked Thankyou so much for doing what 2 years in higher ed never did
Would be interesting to see if a successful carbon nanotube composite could be laminated into infantry body armor. Ultra light, ultra strong. Would definitely change the game.
BEAUTIFULLY MADE!!!! Especially the orbital theories are stunning, great visualization!!!!
Man, this brought back so much high school chemistry
Riley from TechLinked is having the time of his life with this video
I hear him in my head screaming CARBON NANO TUBES!!!! 💪💪
The Carbon Nanotube is the material of the future, and always will be!!!
Commercial solutions that incorporate CNTs are available today. See the recent developments in transparent conductive films for transparent heaters and antennas, for example.
Finally it's here. It was on paper theory a decade ago.
I'm no engineer but I love watching these videos.
Well believe it or not, you are actually the target audience, . It's primarily about entertainment (generating clicks) not about learning something.
18:33 mbkhd?!
I remember writing some shit about carbon nanotubes in middle school. That was over 15 years ago.
This shit's like nuclear fusion. We're 40 years away from it being 40 years away from it being 40 years away.
The difference here is that we're already producing carbon nanotubes fairly reliably, unlike nuclear fusion (Though we do have active fusion reactors, they just aren't operating at their full potential yet.). Nanotubes just cost a lot to make and we have to get that price down.
Wall the two processes off with the metal catalyst as the separator. Hot gas comes in one side and exits as nanotubes on the other. If you want to get really crazy make the catalyst a cycled liquid in the process so it does not wear out with liquid retention using ceramic filters.
Much of this went over my head, except the bit about invisible hammocks for cats. Then I had a cat, floating at eye level, giving me the slow blink.
Good kitty.
I’ve been waiting a decade for this stuff to make it into the market.
I want ultra capacitors!
I want high conductivity motor windings made from this stuff.
I never really understood orbital hybridization until watching this. I wish I saw this when I was taking chemistry.
Equalization(stabilization) of a neutral state only goes so far lol
Very well-produced video and very up-to-date on developments in the field. However you need to look more into the impurities that collect on nanotubes during manufacture and how those impurities affect their ability to be used in this applications, as well as our ability to measure specific properties on the nanoscale that have drastic effects on the performance of the materials in those applications, not to mention our ability to make sure that we're making the same product again and again.
CNTs can be manufactured with extremely high consistency, so that is a non-issue in my experience. Impurities are the results of the catalysts that are required to synthesize the nanotubes (cobalt, moly, aluminum). Those elements can be removed chemically with acids or thermally. Thermal purification can be highly effective at removing the impurities but care must be taken as the structure of the tubes can suffer damage if the heat is excessive.
@@paulferguson4930 CNTs also graphitize at lower temperatures than things like PAN. The result is that the CNT fibers that are made lose their mechanical advantages (e.g., elongation to break) over conventional carbon fibers. I've seen it happen at 1600°C
People have been talking about these for a decade already. Where they at
They are crossing the threshold of commercialization. See recent developments with transparent conductive films, for example.
Excellent visualization!!! By the way….You are saying CVD “Chemical Vapor Disposition” . Actually its “deposition” not “disposition”.
It said "deposition" on the screen. I wonder why he said "disposition"? Whose voice are we hearing?
Thanks for inspiring me with every video you make. I have been a long time fan of yours and you never disappoint. Thank you very much.
What has it inspired you to do? To watch even more youtube videos?
imagine using our massive carbon footprint to manufacture carbon nano tubes. STONKS 📈
Thats not how it works but ok
We're gonna use coal and oil to make carbon nanotube instead of burning them.
You just explained what my high school teachers couldn’t under 6 mins KUDOS
The physics behind carbon nanotubes is honestly super cool-especially their electronic properties. When they're long enough, the electrons act like a Tomanaga-Luttinger liquid.
6:50 It says 4sp3 which I think is incorrect. The s and p orbitals all come from the 2s and 2p. I think theyre just trying to say it has 4 of the sp3 orbitals. I see it again at 9:00 with the 3sp2. That first 3 doesnt belong there and is just signifying that there are 3 if them.
I am hearing this from past 10 years. it is just like there will be flying cars in 21st century.
If you think engineering advancement happens in 10 years, I got some reality checks for you.
@@RealEngineering this isn’t a fair reply, the technology is old on the modern scale of development. what researchers need to do is come up with more practical use cases for them so that they can be applied in the field
@@georgesel-hage4545 well they cant because due to regulation and testing wich can take a loooong time it doesnt advance fast
True, but I'm a bit more optimistic about this than flying cars since there's fewer barriers to it becoming a reality. Flying cars have lots of drawbacks and few benefits, this has innumerable benefits and the only drawback is the ability to manufacture it cheaply and to a high enough standard to be widely useful.
We already have flying cars. They are called airplanes. Getting a license is not that hard.
8:20 Hexagons are the bestagons.
Brian: "Building a fiber that is actually a single molecule, of any significant length is incredibly difficult"
Dividing cell: "Hold my beer :p"
Cells are much bigger than molecules tho? They're made of molecules..
@@redhidinghood9337 DNA strands are single molecules and can be rather long. Cells make those on the regular.
@@remuladgryta I mean yeah but it doesn't make cells special, chemical processes do that all the time
I think they meant building a fiber you can actually use*
theoretically, cant we grow these tubes with cells?
We’ve been hearing this for some time. Like back when flat screen TVs first came around. It’s good to dream, but also important not to get ahead of ourselves. In the end, time will tell.
I've been hearing about carbon nanotubes transistors for years already, but they've yet to materialize.
So well done and really informative. Thanks!
Cheers dude
Love your work 👍
Never realised I would get my physical chemistry lessons got refreshed after years. Amazing animations by the way. My brain needed half of my usual efforts to understand this vs. when I learned it new.
Krrbin nanotubes in depth, very interesting.
Made me think of leprechauns somehow. 🙂
"Idk what gym these nerds are going to cause i have never seen a dumbbell like this" lol i wasnt ready for that one. I almost spit out my morning coffee!!!
I just feel delighted that I actually own a carbon nanotube diaphragm earphone now. It's no different from owning a piece of future.
Video quality is rocking by the way.
When I was young (15-16yo) I started watching a lot of science channels because they were and still are very fascinating to me and I've always read comments like "our college professor showed us your video in our class" and it didn't make sense because why would college professors use platform like youtube for teaching. Today on 2nd March 2022 I got to experience this first hand when my college professor used this video (which I already had watched) to teach the whole class. It's a very satisfactory feeling when you have already have seen the video and also read the comments about this situation and experience it first hand. I don't think words can describe this feeling of growing up and also realizing that all those hours spent on useless informative videos are actually somewhat useful.
Been waiting a long time for someone else to point this out and understand it, most look at me with a Blank face when I bring things up like that.
@@Notyourhandle777 Ikr, it's a feeling only privileged to us nerds 😂
Wow! Great video. The possibilities are endless!!
18:33
MBKHD instead of MKBHD