23. Language
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- Опубліковано 31 січ 2011
- (May 21, 2010) Professor Robert Sapolsky gives a lecture on language. He describes the similarities and differences between different human and animal languages. He focuses on how we use language to communicate with each other, how we communicate with animals, and how animals commute with each other.
Stanford University:
www.stanford.edu/
Stanford Department of Biology:
biology.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on UA-cam:
/ stanford
Sapolsky perfected teaching with a trademark style to make it impossible not to grab and keep your attention to completely learn. Gifted like no other teacher can.
I think he could learn how to interact with the students more, eye contact, more personal history more self degrading jokes? Otherwise, I would be a very happy student in his class. Even though I am major ADD (and proud of it)...
Let's dial it back a bit buddy, sure he's good but there are plenty of good teachers out there who can easily rival or surpass Sapolsky's style.
@@stormysampson1257 Sounds like a lot of ways to teach less information in a given amount of time.
Agreed. Haven’t find any better lecturer
@@davidsan9654 This page is specifically about Sapolsky so I was logically providing my opinion of him accordingly.
This man is incredibly intelligent and a wealth of knowledge in his field. I’d love to have a lifetime pass to sit in on his lectures. Thank you so much for making this available to the average person.
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i am OBSESSED with this amazing mans lectures...
thank you stanford for allowing these to be online. youre changing/educating lives/minds and thank you for that.
simp
@@caballopalido your brain is rotting online little parrot
Me too! And the above comments are stoners!
Do not forget language scientifically is considered fake tool to express facts !!!
I'm OBSESSED with him too!
Gonna leave this here for an assignment...
0:37 | Announcements
5:26 | Arbitrariness of Language
15:53 | William's Syndrome
17:37 | Language is Lateralized
23:29 | Language Salad
27:52 | Whistling Language
35:36 | Tourette's Disease
44:43 | The Generativity of Language
54:24 | Brain Coding for a Second Language
01:00:57 | Myelin
01:15:03 | Intentionality of Communication
bless u
bästa mannen
👍❤️🇺🇸❤️👍Thank you a be lots !❤️.
Lies again? Vigrx Plus
Not a literal index. Interesting to know a scholars points of interest about this video.
أنا بعرف اني محكي عربي ..او عم اكتب اعربي او يمكن عمفكر بالعربي ... رغم اني استاذ انكلش ... و رغم انو انا لاشيئ بين العقول الي علقت بكل صدق... بس دايما اللغة الاولى هي القلب خاصة اذا بدك تقدم شكر من قلب صادق و دايما كنت قول في مطارح بحياة الانسان كانت ولا زالت عاجزة اللغة عن وصفها خاصة اوا بدك تشكر انسان من قلب صادق متل الدكتور هاد . مهاجر سوري مر من هنا و حب يكتب شي بصدق.
This man is my idol. He's been pushing me to pursue my academic achievements for years now.
Same here, 5 years and still going for me :) Only because, THIS GUY! ;D
Same
I am a retired psych prof...the three statements below are great compliments to any prof but what every good prof really wants most is for,you to then make that JOY of of learning all yours irrespective of your prof...to learn for the joy of learning purely for itself.....go forth and inspire NEW learners.....turning on the minds of others is the highest calling of them all and yes Sapolsky ignites that first spark particularly well...kudos to,him but more kudos to YOU for developing in yourself the craving to know more. And more and more...may that give you joy all your life!
I revisit these lectures constantly, you never stop seeing things in the world that do with them.
Oh nooo, my god, what about Kim Kardashian then ?
I’m from Brazil. Came to the US 20 years ago . Unfortunately didn’t have a chance to attend college . I’m so into science , specially neuroscience . I’m so grateful for these vids you have no idea how important they’re. Thank you very much for sharing all this knowledge.
The way this man creates humor out of nowhere makes him a great stand-up comedian of his own sort.
It's hilarious listening to him explain how erections work. 🤣
He is so funny. And he is not pushing for humour, that's what makes him a geniuly funny person.
Dr. Sapolsky. Researcher, lecturer, doctorate, author, advocate and comedian 😁 The reason so many grads actually retained and remembered his lectures. 😁😁😁
Stand up comedian are nowhere near, these are intelligent jokes from a real highly educated professor.
These lectures are pure gold.
I might be 11 years late but am loving chilling to these
What a wonderful way to craft your own Renaissance education under the Masters of our day! I'm grateful for this and all of his lectures and I am grateful that Stanford allows it to be broadcast to the rest of us!
That was my motivation too! Gotta be like the polymaths that came before lol
1:06:02 --- Sapolski talking about how we imagine the progression of time, as being left to right or east to west reminded me of a joke that another Standford professor made while delivering a lecture on relativity
I'm having trouble finding it, but in one of Leonard Susskind's relativity lectures, he makes some joke along the lines of "English speakers think of time as going left to right, Hebrew speakers think of time as going right to left, traditional Chinese speakers perceive time as going top to bottom, and only physicists understand that time goes bottom to top."
I don’t get the punchline but I like it
Prof Sapolsky's sense of humor beats any comedian I have heard, professional or not. Science based humor goes deeper than most other forms, especially when the science is about human behavior, which includes comedians.
Puns hit different when they're being signed, lol 🤣🤣🤣
The best jokes are always about human behaviour
"Adults do not invent new languages"
Tolkien: hold my English degree
Elvish
I take credit for inventing the word "slackadaisical." Meaning "lackadaisical" but also with the judgmental addition hinting at "slacker." A lackadaisical slacker, in short! Much like my lazy bum self, no doubt! Of course, "slackadaisical" isn't in the dictionary and is strictly my "invention." But I'm still fond of my little invention and use the word with much glee from the time to time with my "in-the-know" friends. Can we say "Bravo myself"? Yes. We can. And we just did!
For that matter, I also came up with a Japanese word "Zurusha." (Accent on second "u.") The word "zurui" means "unfair" in Japanese. I wanted to be able to say "unfair person/people," so I added the Japanese suffix "sha," making it, in this case, a person. So "zurusha" means "unfair person/people." Not in any dictionary, and strictly of my own "manufacture." My wife and I use the word all the time with much silly glee. Not in reference to each other, happily. Can I say "Bravo myself" again? Yes, "by gum," I can. And did again!
@@Radiatoron88 imma use slackadaisical
@@maryu8328 I hope you enjoy it as much as I have! "You go girl!"
He based his languages on other languages.
I'm happy to report there are other instructors this good. He is very good and thankfully he's not alone.
Who else is there?
Please share your knowledge with us!
Links or it didn't happen...
these lectures are pure *gold*
like so many others, I absolutely love this man's lectures!(edit: I'm grateful to Stanford that they're willing to share these lectures with us, we listen to a top notch professor for free!)
UA-cam used to be SOOO good. 🥲❤️ these remind me of the old days
Gee, I never thought one day I would laugh out loud in a neuro-biology-lingusitic class. This guy is a legend.
He is one of the best lecturers I’ve ever seen.
This guy's lectures are awesome. If by any chance he happens to be reading these comments, or anyone can pass on a message to him, let him know how much I enjoyed his lectures from the other side of the world. And thanks Stanford for sharing, that is extremely benevolent of you.
No matter what true crime or zit videos I fall asleep to, I always wake up to this guy on auto play. I’ve never even looked for him but I always wake up going “huh, fascinating”
Has anyone else noticed that Sapolsky hardly ever, if ever, says ”uhm” when lecturing?
He says, "ok", a lot, though.
I notice "and" a lot, where he leads directly into the next thought, and the entire lecture appears to be a single very long sentence.
@@annatrombley5607 it structurates what he says for his students. It's some kind of auditory dot.
Yep. His stream of consciousness is great. I doubt he attended Toastmasters.
Yes, very few wasted words or sounds. I like listening to him a lot.
Just today wrote my TSA essay (oxford psychology test) and I quoted this lecture four time, cheers Sapolsky!
It is an enormous pleasure to listen to this man. Even for me, into other discipline different from biology and relatives.
One of the absolute best teachers I have encountered in years. What a mind!
What an amazing teacher !!!! Like some many I am fascinated by WHAT EVER he is teaching. in school I had only 2 teachers that
got through my thick head, Miss Butts- 7th grade math, and Miss Sharp- 8th grade English. So few teachers that actually teach.
Sapolsky is the best lecturer ever
Watch the lectures right from the beginning. A lot of what he says is linking back to things he's said previously so that the course is a coherent whole rather than individual lectures. I've read two of his books, and his writing style is like his speaking style - many jumps and discontinuities, which lets him talk about more stuff in less space. It works well if you remember everything he's said previously, which means you remember the whole course rather than (as I said before) bits and pieces
"New languages are invented by kids and nobody a whole lot older than them learns the new language." (Mind blown)
Amazing in all his teachings.I truly love him.
I wish there was more documentaries about him and his work also I wish that you'd be able to watch him perform his lectures and teachings and theories in a more comfortable atmosphere where hes more relaxed would be the probably the coolest thing in the whole world.
He seems pretty relaxed to me.... It bugs when he makes a great innuendo and it flies right over everyone's head, lol We do have the wonderful privilege in indulging his lectures at our leisure.... That is truly a gift to humanity. 💖 He IS the coolest, lol But you're right, if he's trying to find balance and perform multiple times a day just think about how much hilarious he could be! 😂
Yes there is a great documentary called Zeitgeist Addendum and zeitgeist moving forward, it should be mandatory to all students.
First time I have ever listened to this professor.What a remarkable man.He is undoubtedly a genius in his field.What a privilege to be able to listen to him.What is so obvious,is how humble he is.I admire him!!!! Michael Einkamerer from South Africa.
This guy is brilliant. I'm about to binge on all his lectures.
I listen to these lectures to learn and to help me sleep. Thank you 🙏🏼
Professor am sitting in our empty amphitheatre here in med school imagining am attending your lecture ❤️❤️ hope I'll get to meet you one day
goodness, where has he been all my life? he is amazing
Elvis Macpherson xxxbf
Wow
The linguist's name is Lera Boroditsky. Here is one of her terrific lectures on language: longnow.org/seminars/02010/oct/26/how-language-shapes-thought/
Had a concussion by baseball and when the coach was driving me home, he asked me for directions, and I was surprised as everyone in the car when halfway home tried to say, “make a left here” and just wordless sounds came out. As far as can remember, understood what others were saying and knew what I wanted to say. Nice to now know what part of my brain was messed up. Had to just point for the rest of the ride home.
In fact for early bilinguals, languages grow scattered in the same area when they are similar, like French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese all piggybacking on the same grammatical structure, but if it is combinations of languages of different root or conception like Chinese and French or Finnish it creates different areas in Wernicke.
Hi. Phenomenal lecture as always. With regards to accents in deaf people, they do occur. My stepfather’s parents were both born deaf and used BSL, and when his mother was signing and vocalising the sound of the word she wanted to say at the same time as signing it, her voice produced those words in local, Northumbrian, accent, despite her never actually hearing the words.
Around 1:10:00 Well, also our Germanic number system evolved from one, two, three, four, and a lot as an orginal way of counting and much later it rose to ten, which meant originally "full" or "complete", and higher numbers. We know that four must have been for a very long time period our highest number as eight means "double four" in very original proto Indo-European language. Explanation: hunters and gatherers did not need higher numbers. Just when human beings started to become animal breeders the numbers grew with the number of animals in their herds.
its interesting that 4 is the bench mark there, as its generally agreed upon that 4 is about our working memory capacity. So maybe not only that they didn't need higher than 4, but it was the max amount of chunks we could easily work with.
I like the way he looks, the sound of his voice, his vocabulary, the fact that he moves, his jokes. I am a quiet person I don't speak, most of the time. I would like to be able to take off, like he does.
This is where the pros of social media and the ability for anyone to make video channels outweighs the cons. There are many cons and heaps of crap out there but coming across real intelligent content like this is just amazing. There are even other professors out there that just don't deliver it in as engaging a way as this guy. Or there are professors who are just brainwashed with ideological stances and being conduits for that. But, this is something very special indeed.
this guy is my childhood hero. Wouldn't want it to be any other way.
Just for clarification: both the primary motor cortex and Broca's area are found in the frontal lobe with Broca's area just anterior to the premotor cortex. Just in case anyone else was thinking the same thing.
I love these lectures.
When he discusses William's Syndrome, and explains IQs around 70, I immediately think of TV writers.
Thank you, Dr. Sapolsky and Stanford Univ.! I really enjoyed this lecture.
I've found this whole series fascinating but for pure entertainment value the whole story of Koko is a high point.
Wow. I would have gone to college if I thought it was going to be like this.
College is way better than high school. In saying that, he is an exceptional professor.
It's not too late.
So relevant in these times now, 8 years later.
@Essa Mi what the fuck did you think it was?
I am picking up the pieces of my brain off the floor.
Re animals not lying. My sister's dog lies like a rug. When she comes over to my house where my dog's kibble is on the floor (being protected by my dog). Her dog goes to the window and barks... at nothing. Then when my dog goes to the window to see what's out there her dog runs over and eats her food. Eventually my dog figured it out and quit responding. Isn't that amazing!
Type this into google "dog cognition communication." You will be surprised at just how well dogs are able to communicate with humans.
SweetPea Brown This! Wanted to say that on Netflix there is a documentary called the Hunt and the water buffalo will buck while running away from African painted dogs to say " I can go all day" seems like his example of the Dog has more to do with animals knowing more pheremonal information about. In that sense you couldn't lie to a dog and say u weren't scared when u were really, either.
Yeah for dogs without direction and help from humans. They are smart. If they don't do what we want it is OUR FAULT.
Chickens are basically my favorite thing on the planet, and most roosters lie to hens. They'll pick up a twig or a rock and tell the hen "Come here, I found food for you!", but when the hen comes over- just kidding, there was no food. I just want sum fuk.
The hens wise up after a little while, but sometimes when they want to mate they'll pretend to be fooled by his ruse.
I have a dog who distracts the other in the same way...he keeps falling for it 🤣
There also is a whistling language in some villages in Turkey. There must be videos online. It could be a 15,000 feet high equator situtation.
in the Canary island they whistle as well 'silbo gomero' from La Gomera island
I am so grateful for professor s lectures!
this guy is such a beast...like a walking detailed encyclopedia of intellectual cliff notes, yet the contest is so advanced
I'm just greatly thankful for his lectures for free, I didn't even have to enroll at Sanford for this. Cheers, I'm learning more there than in my University even though I'm form Management background. Thank you.
I genuinely love that Dr Sapolsky gave that history lesson on lanuage in primates despite the fact not much knowledge was gained from it. Entertaining all the same
I get the impression from this guy that you want to pay attention when Noam Chomsky has something to say.
yes
Chomps the penis truth be told.
Nim Chimpsky agrees
saw chomsky speak at Stonybrook University
Except for anything related to politics
I am going to show my kids these lectures instead of sending them to school.
Give yourself 1month to forget about drawings you made today. And you look at them pretending to be a stranger. Refreshing self examination is the best tool for self discovery. Knowing yourself is the best treasure. Let’s go established presumptions. Be open to all solutions.
These lectures are amazing but it's kind of ironic that the topics with most interest in them - depressions - are not covered by that particular year's lecture...
I'd totally love to hear his version of this lecture from this year. Two years worth of new insights...
Love the idea of Robert Sapolsky being suddenly so hungry he starts giving a lecture regardless of whether there's any relevant audience around
Very enlightenment lecture! I should consider watching the whole course.
Thank you for enlightening us. Seriously.
these lectures are legendary
these lectures are the BEST thing on the internet !
I deeply enjoy these lectures. I would enjoy them even more at higher resolution and most of all a pop-filter used during the recordings, because every time this genius speaks towards the camera there is resonant noise. The content is, however, priceless. Thumbs up and thank you.
Great work ! i'm so thankful for having got a chance to watch this online !!!!!!!!!!!!! :)
Just bought "Behave" Looking forward to reading it. Love it so far.
Pro. Saplosky is a great tutor!
A gerund is any verb that is used in noun form. Example:
"The amount of time I spend on this question answering thing is trivial"
in this case the word "answering" is a gerund since it is used as a noun (interestingly enough this makes the word question behave as an adjective rather than a noun - called an "attributive noun").
I love these lectures because I'm the type that obsessively absorbs information. I get a bunch of information from the lecture, and supplement it by pausing the video and researching terms and studies he references in passing to reinforce the concepts.
All this just to keep the gremlins in my head quiet so I can focus at work (I'm a programmer lol).
Good luck with mr. Grimlin, tell him hi for me 😂😂😂
Half way through the video "I hope he talks about Koko"
... Yes! He's talking about Koko, and debunks the whole thing, wow, did not expect that.
Would love to hear his thoughts on Alex the african grey parrot.
Automaton Gheeze, he debunks Koko? 🤯 Ugh!
I haven't watched this, just somehow landed here looking for his #6 lecture, having just finished #5 - but since I was here I dallied long enough to read a few comments before I left in search of #6.
Oh, boy...yah, that's exactly where my mind would go...'Koko's a fraud??'😳
bbbut...what about Alex? Not Alex too?...please?? Not Alex😟
I am disappointed enough over his stance on 'free will', i.e., we have NONE - which I am (unhappily) beginning to understand...(and I'm only up to lecture #6!
What ELSE in my little comforting/consoling belief bubble about humankind & the animal kingdom is he going to completely debunk?🤯🙄
Koko wasn’t a ‘fraud’ exactly, it was just that the researchers really didn’t know what they were doing and were not well taught enough in linguistics. Apparently one of the students they had ‘talking’ to Koko was deaf (ie he was actually fluent in American Sign Languge) and he immediately knew that Koko wasn’t doing anything remotely close to language. In fact she wasn’t even learning the signs at a Pavlovian level. It was just body language mirroring.
I don’t know about this parrot but if anybody is claiming today that an animal is learning language, that probably is flat out fraud. Nobody could think an animal can learn language any more.
Dr. Stanford is on the stampede...The stampeded knowledge level.Stay original Dr. Like you are
Recurssion is a word in programming referring to to infinite repetition. Fycompa is an anti-epileptic with few side effects. but does cause increased fear but not anxiety, constipation. keppra is an anti-epileptic that causes kepprage and personality change that is permanent for side effects. American sign language and Japanese sign Language are very different. But they have poetry in most sign language that get's lost in translation.
Man, that ape speech arc of this lecture was a rollercoaster! I was really rooting for them being capable of actual language in the end, but it sounds like that's most likely not the case. I'm gonna have to dive into this more to see what eventually became of that bonobo chimp Kanzi and the research surrounding their speech.
combining this course while gaming is perhaps the best entertainment ive had in many years
im going to try all the interesting ones from stanford and then move to mit
Good for you - pretending to educate yourself while pretending to play a game. Do one thing, do it properly. Then do the next thing
@@madisnomme i guess you are not then pretending to be alive while pretending to write smart comments on youtube
you may have been right partially that mutlitasking is questionable, but since i loved sapolsky so much i actually watched his classes about 10 times (while gaming), replacing the usual music for his class, and now a couple years later i find that my internal ai has learned about 80% of the facts and 90-95% of the overarching points and lessons, and i had lots of fun while doing it, so i think it was worth it.
@@bntagkas you see. Instead of sitting down, focusing, maybe taking some notes and learning, you do it over and over, getting sporadic and vague bits here and there. Take responsibility. Commit. Suffer. Do I want to game the best? Do I want to learn the best? Stop the deceiving yourself. Your life and experiences will be so much more gratifying and authentic. Try it!
@@madisnomme i dont understand what you dont understand. i suffer every day i dont need to suffer more. the way i did it i maximized the amount of fun i had and ended up learning as good as i was ever going to learn. it took more time, but i had that time. on top not only did i learn, as a hobby, but i maximized my fun while doing it. i dont understand what you dont understand.
suffering is something to be avoided or reduced, its not a virtue.
Fascinating lecture
I was so close to getting a minor (or even double major) in Linguistics when I was in college, and this lecture has brought my obsession with neurolinguistics rushing back with fervor. Every lecture of Dr. Sapolsky's that I've watched has made me want to go back to school, which is not something I ever expected to feel!! I have no higher compliment to give him!
I hope you do Andi wish you well!!! 💖
@@retard_activated llaughedcried is same person as Andi?
I'd love to see one of your lectures Christopher.
Fascinating!
LOVE ALL THE LEARNING!
from mex. thanks for all this knowledge coach abaut the brain and theirs more funtions in kids and babys and persons too in animals really make me feel so outgoing this environment thanks editors
sir ,,, thank you for this words, we learn something too with your efforts....
Love this guy's books. Your library probably has them.
I speak English and Greek and prefer the versatility of Greek language by far. Thank you for your wonderful lectures that we are able to listen to .
One of the smartest people I've ever listened to.
What a great mind. Thank you!
Hello, thanks for uploading and captioning such great lectures! Having these available and accessible is an amazing resource.
Small caption correction: At 30:20 the captions read "will produce a Chinese Broca's aphasia, or an alexia," however, this should be "will produce a Chinese Broca's aphasia, or analexia,".
Thanks again!
Additionally, at 1:08:14 it reads: "So these two trials-- the first is called the Paraha. And the other is called the Murdruku, I believe" should be "So these two tribes-- the first is called the Pirahã. And the other is called the Munduruku, I believe." These tribe names occur again at 1:08:30 and 1:08:41. Thanks
14:00, love what he said about the deaf university Gallaudet .. my brother is deaf and attended, it was amazing to see the unity , fluidity and growth of the culture without being hindered by hearing people in the normal world 😂
Growing up with a deaf brother has shown me exactly what this professor is teaching. Language is t just verbal/audible , it’s largely body language and facial expression. It was difficult for me as a hearing person raised with ASL to assimilate into regular western society due to the nature of hearing people being quite non-expressive in general. I perceived the world as a very unfriendly place coming out of an exuberant deaf culture , which was then taxing to my mental health. It’s been my life’s journey to learn the differences and affects of language barriers. Most notably my experience drove me to insanity trying to balance communicating to my deaf brother simultaneously translating to the world around me whilst developing in my teen years. I was constantly aware of how loud we are as a population, and if we used body language correctly we would be a more peaceable species. I became quite isolated in my adolescent due to overwhelm in the school system and in various jobs. But this lecture reminded me of the impact this situation has had on my life enough to give myself a pat on the back for even attempting to face such an unfriendly seeming world . Now I understand Perception forms your reality .
The story in the bible about the Tower of Babel.. how God confused human language to humble them, is my favourite because I have seen it so evidently in contrast to the deaf community versus hearing.
It is true that if humans could communicate effectively cross culturally, we would be too clever for our own good. There is a humility and beauty in language barrier, which reveals to humanity our need for each other.
ASL is the best language and communication style, I believe, for trust building and emotional revelation.
Another issue I struggled with while transitioning from ASL in my nuclear family structure to belonging in larger society is that I was perceived as arrogant or aloof because I would stare at before prior to the conversation in order to read their body language - a custom of the deaf community . Also I was perceived as rude because I would overuse body language such as pointing or facial expressions that could be translated as condescending to a hearing person. In our culture its typical to overuse facial expression if we think the person we’re speaking with is unintelligent- so as to overcompensate for a lack of verbal understanding. I now realize that this is why at the age of 27 having had 25 various jobs not being able to hold one down, and feeling burnt out and exhausted is largely due to this interpersonal problem. Very sad to think at the time, I didn’t consider mentioning I had a deaf brother or that I was raised with ASL, as this would help others to understand my mannerisms.
A useful distinction that is not mentioned, is the distinction between prescriptive and descriptive liguistics. Prescriptive linguistics is the "how to speak properly" taught in formal settings, descriptive linguistics (the area that most linguists study) is the study of how language is actually spoken. Descriptive lingustics includes the study of Patwas, slang, pidgins, and any other form of communication that exhibits syntax.
great upload! thank you
This is some of the best educational content I’ve seen since I discovered Noam Chomsky. Thanks!
Fantastic lecture
Thank you for uploading this.
I was expecting something about esperanto, there was a reference to it in an earlier lecture.
If a culture has no linguistic way to distinguish 3 from 4, or 5 from 6, does that also mean that they would not be able, for example, to see 4 sticks, and put down another group of sticks that also numbers 4?
52:40
THANK YOU
Is this undergrads lecture? It's a combination of math, science and the art of language. Mindblown
4:40. What he calls generativity is better called discreet productivity, and it's not about words, words can also be infinite. It's about category of sounds. English only has a few sounds ~36 IIRC, but you can make infinite words and infinite sentences.
About embedded clauses, it's contentious whether it's universal, but even then, it's not necessary to argue for universals.
At about 1 hour in, on the Piraha: Besides that number thing (which is more like 1 thing in opposition to a second than two things), they upset Chomsky to the point of calling Everett a charlatan and a liar because Everett points out (in his Don't Sleep. There are Snakes) that they don't seem to do recursion.
genius! marvelous ideas.very well said