Capf AC 2024 Paper 2 Revision Series | Lec 03 : Modernisation of Agriculture | Capf AC Essay Classes

According to a NITI Aayog paper, despite limited Factors of Production, technology in agriculture, including factors such as genetics and agronomic interventions, has significantly boosted agricultural growth in India.
What are the four factors of technology in agriculture?
Genetics: Development of the High-Yielding Varieties of wheat and rice were at the center of the Green Revolution.
These varieties incorporated dwarfing genes that reduced the height of the plants, enabling them to absorb more nutrients and convert these to high yields.
Crop Nutrition: The use of chemical fertilizers having much higher NPK content: Urea (46% N), di-ammonium phosphate (18% N and 46% P) and muriate of potash (60% K).
Synthetic Fertilizers, combined with breeding varieties responsive to high nutrient doses, result in an increase in crop yields.
Crop Protection Technologies: The application of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides helped to reduce crop yield from pathogens (fungi, bacteria, and viruses) and weeds.
Crop protection chemicals ensured that the yield gains from genetics/breeding and nutrition/fertilizers would be realized in farmers’ fields to the maximum possible extent.
For instance, herbicides helped to replace the manual removal of weeds.
Farm Mechanization and other Agronomic interventions. Tractors have made it possible to use implements such as rotavators to do deep tillage, mix, and pulverize the soils and break their hardpan layers.
Agronomic interventions also extend to water-saving technologies drip irrigation and laser land levelers (which help in the uniform placement of seed and fertilizer too) - and intercropping or growing more than one crop simultaneously on the same piece of land.
Today, farmers cultivate pomegranates in Rajasthan’s arid desert soils through drip irrigation and water-soluble/liquid fertilizers
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