Parareptiles: The most successful early Sauropsids
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- Опубліковано 19 лис 2024
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/ drpolaris
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Yeah I remember Walking with Monsters saying they were relatives of turtles. I guess that doesn’t hold up anymore
Well "distant ancestor of turtles" is what Kenneth Branagh (heavily sorry for spelling it wrong) said about Scutosaurus.
@@kylecollier7569 In 2005 that was thought to be true but like many things in the old Walking with series that no longer holds up
@@LoudmouthReviews well if Eunotosaurus shows that turtle ancestors looked a lot like lizards but with barrel-shaped proportions to help with digging, then doesn't that mean to some extent that Parareptiles are distantly related to turtles or at least similar to the common ancestors of turtles and tortoises?
Also it's only the progression of science that a lot of the facts at the time of the Walking with Series are inaccurate but some facts still do currently hold up. Besides there's only so much we can learn about these animals from their fossils, making comparisons to modern animals (whether they are related or have similar lifestyles at the very least), and through genetics.
@@kylecollier7569 Well parareptiles are believed to be from a lineage that split from living reptiles before their last common ancestor. So with genetic evidence that turtles are closer related to archosaurs than they are to lizards that would mean they can’t be parareptiles
Well.... it's since been shown that turtles (etc.) are not truly anapsid, as the "holes" closed over.
Thank you for covering this fascinating group. If there’s one group even more poorly represented in popular media than the synapsids, it’s these families which were remarkably diverse. I feel like I need to rewatch this to take it all in.
Thanks, the Parareptiles are indeed a very poorly covered group, which is a shame as they were pretty diverse and interesting.
@@dr.polaris6423 hi im a big fan ,i put on all notifications, i love extinct animals not to be rude , but to see and know more about them is what i meant , can you do. A video of megantereon ,and if you have let me know plz
I always do with Doc.
🔥😈🔥
It is truely a shame they completely died out.
They would have been good for genetic studies. They would likely have been very derived at this point
It would have been maddening if they whent extinct in like the miocene
@@davidegaruti2582 Like the choistiderans did...
even more maddening is the extinction of the Albanderptondis
@@thedarkmasterthedarkmaster
Just looked up that last one, and all I can say is: Damn...Any closer, and we could have had genetic data for them!
@@Albukhshi yeah plus they probably would get protections
A 2021 study by Asher Lichtig and Spencer Lucas titled “Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles” actually revived the idea again that turtles descend from parareptiles after they noticed significant similarities between the stem-turtle Chinlechelys and the pareiasaur Anthodon. Unfortunately barely anyone talks about this.
I would say that out of the pariereptiles scutasaurus is my favorite one because it’s the only one that I really know about and it’s also one that I grew up watching in the last episode of Walking with monsters life before the dinosaurs.
In one alternate timeline, the parareptiles went on to become the most dominant life forms on the planet. If you know, you know.
Is that a reference to something?
A 2021 study by Asher Lichtig and Spencer Lucas titled “Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles” actually revived the idea again that turtles descend from parareptiles after they noticed significant similarities between the stem-turtle Chinlechelys and the pareiasaur Anthodon. It also gives some valid criticism to the earlier molecular studies that linked turtles to diapsids (after all, there are no non-turtle parareptiles living today, so the only reptile DNA you can compare theirs to is that of diapsids by default, leading to the ambiguous results we see in these). Unfortunately barely anyone talks about this.
I think this criticism is ... weak for the reason of:
1. any correct genetic comparison have an outgroup to stabilize the base,
2. there is a molecular clock that cannot that easily be dismissed,
so unless that criticism address both those questions, it is a weak criticism.
Honey come quick! New Dr. Polaris just dropped!!!
Just imagine if eudimabus took the place of the archosauria and evolved into several clade of « paradinosauria »😮
Thank you dr polaris I always learn something watching your videos theres been alot of new youtube channels doing badly researched paleontology videos and your channel is a gleaming light in my reccomended feed
So hats off to you good Dr
Far too many channels like that. Quite a few of the big channels do atrocious research.
Thank you, Professor, for another amazing class!
The ole critters that I like the most are those that didn't occur in my childhood's dinosaur books. Ergo my favourites are parareptiles, synapsids and amphibians. The rest are just wannabe birds.
That's a rare bigotry.
10 for inventiveness/weirdness
Crocodiles are just birds that lack ambition.
Change my mind.
@@skaldlouiscyphre2453 Yeah, right. I won't change your mind on that.
Right after the evolutionary history of Tremarctinae or Short-Faced Bear Evolution, why don’t you also get to make a suggestion to create the UA-cam Videos Shows about the Eurasian Cave Lions (both Panthera leo spelaea and Panthera leo fossilis), also known as the European Cave Lions, or the Steppe Lions in just a couple of weeks to think about that one coming up next?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍👍
'Panthera leo spelaea'. Hassan, European cave lions are not a lion subspecies, Panthera leo spelaea is invalid, it's Panthera spelaea.
@@indyreno2933 Here's Reno spewing outdated taxonomy yet again; it's Panthera spelaea. Uncia is now a specific and subspecific epithet as applicable to Felidae.
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I know you'll just ignore this correction and spew out more outdated taxonomy, with the opening 'Actually...". As is often the case, I correct for the benefit of others reading ignorance, not only the commenter that spews it.
As always very good, thank you.
One wonders if 'parareptile' is more a description of a grade of sauropsian-like animals than a grouping in their own right - a garbage taxon if you like. I imagine the 'classic' spilt between Synapsids and Diapsids with Anapsids being more 'archaic' was more a 'bush' of sauropsian lineages with Diapsids simply being among the most obviously different examples. Synapsids either a less related branch or genuinely their own thing.
i.e. Pretty much every early animal might have been an example of it's own clade as a result of a burst of early amniote radiation. Some did very well and gave rise to our obvious groups, some died out pretty quickly, and lots puttered along for ages before eventually going extinct. All of these animals doing much the same things, looking very similar, but as time went by becoming the tips of increasingly deep and less related lineages.
Today we point at an animal and call it a 'parareptile' because either it arose from within this bush of many lineages or it converged on what is a pretty fuzzy and therefore inclusive target. Actually all these 'parareptiles' are barely more closely related to each other than Diapsids are to Synapsids .
Just my two penn'orth.
The original 'parareptile' was actually more like a grade than a clade. Nowadays, I think, this is fixed by sorting out critters that don't belong.
I can't help but wondering in say 50 million years will someone be doing a documentary about humans in this manner?? We think that we are `permanent` on this rock.
As a kid I always loved the dinosaur's and now more than ever they just are getting better I mean it just blows my mind about how far we've come about these beautiful creatures. Big or small I still love them all.
Although be aware that not all prehistoric animals, including the subjects of today's video were dinosaurs.
These aren't dinosaurs.
Been waiting for this :))))) thanks
The Parareptilia and Gorgonopsids are the Tyrannosaurs and Ceratopsians of the Permian!
They were like the marsupials to modern reptiles’ placentals.
12:15 lol that Permian-age Taco Bell didn't go down well, poor lil guy is having explosive diarrhea. Haha strange choice to have one's reconstruction marking his territory, but I respect it. Nice going, Joschua Knūppe.
Oh for a time machine!!!
I always love it when the most basal Polarisidae posts
Always a good day when Polaris has a new video
Neat to see these guys covered! Can their natural predators, the Gorgonopsians, be covered next?
I hope that for a great deal of them that they don't ever get itches. Can hardly scratch themselves, can get impaled on spikes scratching another. Must have been interesting grooming.
10:40 Guy skipped head day too many times
interesting and also I can't wait for your varanopid videos
One more thing they found remains of the American lion in Mississippi just the other day a guy thought it was junk and had it checked out and they said it was fossils from the American lion.
I see you failed English composition.
@@slappy8941 Yes, I did thanks to the teachers of the 70's and the Alabama educational system
@@slappy8941 And i see you failed your kindness, not everyone needs to be as precise and sophisticated as English teachers in terms of formulating sentences.
Great video! Thanks a lot! BTW: - this artwork with bear is really brilliant!
As anyone considered that diapsids might be more related to synapsids than to parareptiles? And that parareptiles might just be a group of 'basal' amniotes?
I think it is more likely that all amniotes started off with one hole rather than none.
"As anyone considered that diapsids might be more related to synapsids than to parareptiles?" And that parareptiles might just be a group of 'basal' amniotes?"
-- during the decades of studying the relationships between these taxa, of course such consideration was given. But it's very clear that diapsids arose within the retile group, after parareptiles. Meanwhile, the synapsid lineage had long ago diverged from both
"And that parareptiles might just be a group of 'basal' amniotes?"
-- this remark seems to show a misunderstanding of the relatedness and phylogenies involved. The question of parareptiles being basal amniotes has no bearing on your first query, and vice versa. In any case, parareptiles are not near enough to the amniote common ancestor to be considered basal, in the strict sense
imagine what would happen if 1 of these species survived until today in an isolated place
After the next vídeo can you do a vídeo about the evolution of primates
What's the difference between basal and primitive?
I just assume things like Lanthanosuchus 💧🦎 were the result of animals entering locations the usual animals of the biome could not reach then convergently evolving.
Such as because of the ability of reptiles to traverse dry and drier land for much longer stretches.
Probably a lot of the features of the successful lineages like Eureptiles and Mammals were a result of constantly changing niche this way. That way they got a lot of generically useful exaptations from the lifestyles that would never happen by linear evolution i.e. by constant selective pressure in one direction.
Boom! First one! Thank you and good night!
the lizard like body plan is just too common in evolution
Because all tetrapods started out with 4 legs, a tail, 5 toes, and a sprawling gait. So generally most tetrapods in history are going to have that body plan.
It's just a very successful plan. It's like with mammals where you see "rats" pop up again and again even in distantly related animals. Same goes for crabs within invertebrates.
Only one word
Bears:
2:37 SWAG LIKE OHIO
very interesting!
So the Parareptiles are not related to turtles
They are, all organisms are. But more than that, they are a common lineage, sauropsids.
@@Dr.Ian-Plect okay...
Some extra likes here: 👍👍👍👍👍
Ask what evidence there was to say that the anapsids were from the branch of reptiles and not from mammals or from their own branch.
From what I see, they were closer to the synapsids because from not having a fenestra to having 2, I don't see much proximity.
Wow, this is interesting, however did you know about the discovery of the remains of the sea creature they found in Australia just a few days ago a juvenile with the head and neck wow a rare find they said. I'm not going to even attempt the name.
If you read more, you'll learn how to write better.
Bless Polaris
So what DO we know about turtle ancestry? There are no, decent early fossils that seem to represent turtles... when did they start becoming the creatures we know today?
2:36 only in ohio 💀
Kawaii!
8:41 - A what? That’s perhaps the absolute worst pronunciation of any word I’ve ever heard. 😂
This isn't for the casual viewer. This guy has way to much useless information.
No its not for the casual viewer as I like to go in depth on obscure groups of extinct animals, consulting the scientific literature as I do so. If you don't like it you don't have to continue watching.
I don't find it useless, I like the added information because I learn something.
Intro song hella goofy, sounds like Mickey Clubhouse 😂