This is my absolute favorite topic, the history of antibiotics (and other pharmaceuticals). I don’t know why I find it so interesting but it is so great. Thanks for making these, I love them!
@@naturegirl1999 Sulfa drugs do cause Rashes (Stephans johnson's Syndrome) ...hence causes allergy...You know what bro...not only antibiotics causes allergy...other drugs do also causes allergy too...As drugs are not part of our body(in form of chemicals like say adrenaline) ..these drugs which we take are called xenobiotics...don't get confused with the suffix biotics... xenobiotics means the drugs are foreign body and need to be get eleminated from our body ...even food are also xenobiotics...so they also gets eleminated after sometimes ...hence these drugs being xenobiotics can cause any type of side effects depend upon type of patient. And they have different mechanisms of action...(If you want to know any of please specify)... sometimes food also cause some allergic reaction...It's all about your body and immune response...if You like my explanation...please talk about it here☺️😊
I read about a guy who took small doses of several antibiotics each day, "as prophylaxis". Surprise, surprise, he died from a bacterial infection because the bacteria were resistant to everything the doctors threw at them.
that... doesn't seem to make much sense. For this to work, it would seem to require him to have been sick for a long time, taking just enough of the stuff to not kill the infection, while his own immune system also failed to eradicate it. Thus, they were eventually immune to everything and killed him. Otherwise, the bacteria that killed him can not possibly have become immune due to HIS actions, they must have been immune BEFORE they infected him.
If so then we do need a war to invent cures for hiv, cancer and other incurable diseases. And it would really be a breakthrough if they somehow invent self healing cells which would heal wounds in minutes or hours. This would definitely help in internal injuries especially in fissures and fistulas
Me being pharmacist ...revising drugs structure when they appear on screen😅....omg you covered almost every topic ....excluding Betalactamase inhibitors and drug used in resistance (excludin vancomycin Resistance stephyllococus aureus)
Thank you, Professor, for the very informative video. Personally, I had never made the connection of fungi producing Penicillin to defend themselves against Bacteria. Though it seems to beg the question, if said bacteria CAN become immune against such chemicals, and over very short periods of time - then why have they not done so long ago, and annihilated the Fungi? Presumably, the latter would take even longer to develop more potent replacement drugs than we do?
@@ProfessorDaveExplains What toxin? I assumed from what you said in the video, that the fungus produced antibiotics to defend itself against bacteria. That it rendered itself invulnerable to bacterial infection via this chemical. (a chemical which the bacteria will eventually develop immunity to, requiring the fungus to use a different chemical for continued defence, etc). An armsrace between the two, if you will - except bacterial ability to develop immunity seems very much superior.
It is not all black and white. Microorganisms develop poisons to kill other microorganisms that compete with them for nutrients. Molds do that, but bacteria also. Resistance is a countermeasure and also a matter of degree. The dose also makes the poison. It is an ongoing warfare: antibiotics that are totally ineffective in nature would have been deselected by evolution, so the ones we isolate have some efficacy and most likely provide some competitive edge.
The thing is that the fungus only produce the antibiotic to itself and in low quantities, also there are tons of antibacterial molecules out there so, a bacteria can become resistant to one molecule, but not to all of them (just so happens that the molecules we use are the ones who are not toxic or a little toxic to humans). We humans produce those antibiotics in huge, unnatural quantities, enough to trigger rapid evolution of resistant strains.
Brotzu's drive for research in the face of such obstacles has reminded me of Ayn Rand's immoral lines: "An inventor is a man who asks 'Why? ' of the universe and lets nothing stand between the answer and his mind."
Dave, where did you get that theme song? It sounds like an old radio ad, for Cosco Convertible! Are they still around? Nice history program. I studied these a while back -- like 50 years ago -- and have forgotten many of these stories. Thank you! Keflex and generics is still an excellent wide-spectrum antibiotic, when used properly.
Your debunking videos are fantastic. Your basic education videos are also great but I really look forward to your debunks because you do not pull any punches.
Maybe in the future you can look at the dangers presented by some antibiotics. I live in China, and after getting a nasty sinus infection I was prescribed levofloxacin. As a result I got "floxed," a condition that results from an adverse reaction to antibiotics. In my case, floxing attacked the tendons and ligaments in my ankles, and it's brutally painful. I led a pretty active lifestyle before, playing basketball every day, but I haven't been able to play ball for two years now, and it sucks.
My mother had two tendons or ligaments (can’t remember which) in her hand rupture due to ciprofloxacin. I’m deathly allergic to ciprofloxacin and ended up basically a burn patient, with blisters and my skin falling off. It was horrific. My only comfort was this bath I’d get submerged in twice a day at the hospital. I’m sorry you can’t get back to playing sports and your life has been affected. It’s hard to grasp that something we think is so innocuous can actually cause permanent disabilities and even death. Antibiotics are supposed to help not harm. Who doesn’t remember the taste of that bubblegum flavor amoxicillin! Antibiotics are still drugs, and I’m glad we have them, but we shouldn’t treat them so trivially.
Yet you're still alive, drugs aren't miracles from god and they have potential side effects. I'd rather be alive and not being able to play basketball than being dead
@@MLarios97 Thank you for the inevitable dumb take on something like this. I'm actually surprised it took this long for someone to post the "just be glad you're still alive" response. People have innocently taken prescribed antibiotics and wound up wheelchair-bound, but hey, they're still alive! Gimme a break.
Sounds like the four member ring is its weakness. Also you show cephalosporin c 2 times and it looks different both times which one is the cephalosporin?
Professor Dave, are all modern-day antibiotics some kind of derivative of penicillin? I'm thinking of some of the more common ones, like azithromycin (aka, Z-pak), amoxicillin and ceftriaxone (sp?)? Or, is it only the antibiotics ending in "cillin?" Another great and informative video. Thanks for all you're doing to make us smarter every week(ish)!
It sucks that Professor Brutzu received zero funds from Abraham’s cephalosporin $$$$$ patent. However, per Wikipedia, Abraham is reported to have poured the majority of this money into establishing funding for continued biomedical research.
@@toby9999 You're supposed to take plenty of a dose over the course of days to fully eradicate the infection. I'll use a UTI as an example since I've had to be given antibiotics for it. If you take antibiotics that are properly dosed, you'll likely need more than one a day to begin with. But you need to finish the course, otherwise the drug killing off the bacteria won't make up for it's replication. If you stop mid-treatment the infection will return
Nice interstitial video. But as so many videos lately, the volume is rather low. Not everyone likes using earbuds and the people using them can easily turn down the volume.
Can you do a video about mind control and targeted individuals? I’m diagnosed schizophrenic and I have a really hard time because I’m not scientifically literate so I end up believing that mind control exists and I get very scared
Dont worry i had also shizophrenia 2 years ago.It was very difficult for me to control mind and concentrate and was every time in deep depression.Then after a simple method i got well
I don't appreciate you trying to take advantage of the mentally ill with your 'simple method', you should judge what populations would let you get away with such claims, scientific populations are not one of them.
This is my absolute favorite topic, the history of antibiotics (and other pharmaceuticals). I don’t know why I find it so interesting but it is so great. Thanks for making these, I love them!
I was waitinig for the part 2 of this series for a long time finally it came out thank you prof Dave
I was taught A level biology by Alexander Fleming's granddaughter. Funny thing is......I'm deathly allergic to penicillin. 🤣
HYPERSNSISTIVITY!
Same, well the penicillin part at least lol
Me too!
That’s cool that you were taught by Fleming’s granddaughter, I’m allergic to Sulfa, why do we get allergic to antibiotics?
@@naturegirl1999 Sulfa drugs do cause Rashes (Stephans johnson's Syndrome) ...hence causes allergy...You know what bro...not only antibiotics causes allergy...other drugs do also causes allergy too...As drugs are not part of our body(in form of chemicals like say adrenaline) ..these drugs which we take are called xenobiotics...don't get confused with the suffix biotics... xenobiotics means the drugs are foreign body and need to be get eleminated from our body ...even food are also xenobiotics...so they also gets eleminated after sometimes ...hence these drugs being xenobiotics can cause any type of side effects depend upon type of patient. And they have different mechanisms of action...(If you want to know any of please specify)... sometimes food also cause some allergic reaction...It's all about your body and immune response...if You like my explanation...please talk about it here☺️😊
Thank you for making this series.
Fascinating! Thank you!
Right on PDave!
I read about a guy who took small doses of several antibiotics each day, "as prophylaxis". Surprise, surprise, he died from a bacterial infection because the bacteria were resistant to everything the doctors threw at them.
that... doesn't seem to make much sense. For this to work, it would seem to require him to have been sick for a long time, taking just enough of the stuff to not kill the infection, while his own immune system also failed to eradicate it. Thus, they were eventually immune to everything and killed him.
Otherwise, the bacteria that killed him can not possibly have become immune due to HIS actions, they must have been immune BEFORE they infected him.
@@Alexander_Kale I guess he said the same.
Read What Really Makes You Ill by Lester & Parker. 👍👍👍
It always amazes me how technological advances are so often linked to war.
Big Pharma and the banksters who fund both sides of war are the same people, the medical industrial complex.
If so then we do need a war to invent cures for hiv, cancer and other incurable diseases.
And it would really be a breakthrough if they somehow invent self healing cells which would heal wounds in minutes or hours. This would definitely help in internal injuries especially in fissures and fistulas
Man, that Giuseppe Brotzu guy was extremely dedicated.
Badass af 🎉
And then some British guy stole his life’s work 😂
Me being pharmacist ...revising drugs structure when they appear on screen😅....omg you covered almost every topic ....excluding Betalactamase inhibitors and drug used in resistance (excludin vancomycin Resistance stephyllococus aureus)
There's already stuff resistant to vancomycin, that massive beast of a drug? Sheesh.
@@marybean2231 VRSA (Vancomycin Resistance stephyllococus aureus)
Thank you for the amazing vid!!!
Thank you, Professor, for the very informative video. Personally, I had never made the connection of fungi producing Penicillin to defend themselves against Bacteria.
Though it seems to beg the question, if said bacteria CAN become immune against such chemicals, and over very short periods of time - then why have they not done so long ago, and annihilated the Fungi? Presumably, the latter would take even longer to develop more potent replacement drugs than we do?
Well the resistance doesn't do anything to the fungus, it just renders itself invulnerable to the toxin.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains What toxin? I assumed from what you said in the video, that the fungus produced antibiotics to defend itself against bacteria.
That it rendered itself invulnerable to bacterial infection via this chemical. (a chemical which the bacteria will eventually develop immunity to, requiring the fungus to use a different chemical for continued defence, etc). An armsrace between the two, if you will - except bacterial ability to develop immunity seems very much superior.
@@Alexander_Kale Yes, it's a toxin to the bacteria, isn't it? It's killed by it.
It is not all black and white. Microorganisms develop poisons to kill other microorganisms that compete with them for nutrients. Molds do that, but bacteria also. Resistance is a countermeasure and also a matter of degree. The dose also makes the poison. It is an ongoing warfare: antibiotics that are totally ineffective in nature would have been deselected by evolution, so the ones we isolate have some efficacy and most likely provide some competitive edge.
The thing is that the fungus only produce the antibiotic to itself and in low quantities, also there are tons of antibacterial molecules out there so, a bacteria can become resistant to one molecule, but not to all of them (just so happens that the molecules we use are the ones who are not toxic or a little toxic to humans).
We humans produce those antibiotics in huge, unnatural quantities, enough to trigger rapid evolution of resistant strains.
These videos are so good
Brotzu was hella dedicated.
Cefaclor is the only thing I'm allergic to (or so I've been told since childhood), it's a second generation cephalosporin.
This is great, thank~you!
Brotzu's drive for research in the face of such obstacles has reminded me of Ayn Rand's immoral lines: "An inventor is a man who asks 'Why? ' of the universe and lets nothing stand between the answer and his mind."
Amazing!
Dave knows.
✌️
Thank you
I love the Italian pronunciation.
Hero’s (chemists and microbiologists)! ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Dave, where did you get that theme song? It sounds like an old radio ad, for Cosco Convertible! Are they still around?
Nice history program. I studied these a while back -- like 50 years ago -- and have forgotten many of these stories. Thank you!
Keflex and generics is still an excellent wide-spectrum antibiotic, when used properly.
I like your lectures very much sir thank you
Your debunking videos are fantastic. Your basic education videos are also great but I really look forward to your debunks because you do not pull any punches.
new drug video, so awesome!
Maybe in the future you can look at the dangers presented by some antibiotics. I live in China, and after getting a nasty sinus infection I was prescribed levofloxacin. As a result I got "floxed," a condition that results from an adverse reaction to antibiotics. In my case, floxing attacked the tendons and ligaments in my ankles, and it's brutally painful. I led a pretty active lifestyle before, playing basketball every day, but I haven't been able to play ball for two years now, and it sucks.
My mother had two tendons or ligaments (can’t remember which) in her hand rupture due to ciprofloxacin. I’m deathly allergic to ciprofloxacin and ended up basically a burn patient, with blisters and my skin falling off. It was horrific. My only comfort was this bath I’d get submerged in twice a day at the hospital.
I’m sorry you can’t get back to playing sports and your life has been affected. It’s hard to grasp that something we think is so innocuous can actually cause permanent disabilities and even death. Antibiotics are supposed to help not harm. Who doesn’t remember the taste of that bubblegum flavor amoxicillin! Antibiotics are still drugs, and I’m glad we have them, but we shouldn’t treat them so trivially.
Look into stem cell therapy its alot easier to fix tendons then nerves.
Yet you're still alive, drugs aren't miracles from god and they have potential side effects. I'd rather be alive and not being able to play basketball than being dead
@@MLarios97 Thank you for the inevitable dumb take on something like this. I'm actually surprised it took this long for someone to post the "just be glad you're still alive" response. People have innocently taken prescribed antibiotics and wound up wheelchair-bound, but hey, they're still alive! Gimme a break.
How is that a dumb take? There’s risk to every medication..but what’s the alternative?
There's so much we take for granted in the modern world.
Sounds like the four member ring is its weakness.
Also you show cephalosporin c 2 times and it looks different both times which one is the cephalosporin?
I had no idea this topic would be so interesting.
Professor Dave, are all modern-day antibiotics some kind of derivative of penicillin? I'm thinking of some of the more common ones, like azithromycin (aka, Z-pak), amoxicillin and ceftriaxone (sp?)? Or, is it only the antibiotics ending in "cillin?" Another great and informative video. Thanks for all you're doing to make us smarter every week(ish)!
You just explained the traumatic ritual abuse of medical school.
Interesting
It sucks that Professor Brutzu received zero funds from Abraham’s cephalosporin $$$$$ patent. However, per Wikipedia, Abraham is reported to have poured the majority of this money into establishing funding for continued biomedical research.
优秀
And that’s why I go ballistic when I hear that someone uses antibiotics one pill at the time.
Why? How many pills should they take at a time?
@@toby9999 You're supposed to take plenty of a dose over the course of days to fully eradicate the infection. I'll use a UTI as an example since I've had to be given antibiotics for it.
If you take antibiotics that are properly dosed, you'll likely need more than one a day to begin with. But you need to finish the course, otherwise the drug killing off the bacteria won't make up for it's replication. If you stop mid-treatment the infection will return
Hi
I want to see your face in tutorials again! Also when is thunderbolts debunk?
Almost done with it!
@@ProfessorDaveExplains Looking towards it!
I'm back after 4 years
Been looking back at your old presidential videos, especially the one about dick cheney. American history is insane
Thanks Doc, that was a good one.
Wasn't cheese the first discovery of penicillin
I am in india 🔥
I'm allergic to this super important medicine
Nice interstitial video. But as so many videos lately, the volume is rather low. Not everyone likes using earbuds and the people using them can easily turn down the volume.
🙂👍
Can you do a video about mind control and targeted individuals? I’m diagnosed schizophrenic and I have a really hard time because I’m not scientifically literate so I end up believing that mind control exists and I get very scared
Dont worry i had also shizophrenia 2 years ago.It was very difficult for me to control mind and concentrate and was every time in deep depression.Then after a simple method i got well
I don't appreciate you trying to take advantage of the mentally ill with your 'simple method', you should judge what populations would let you get away with such claims, scientific populations are not one of them.
@@theblackphilosopher5958 what do you mean
Rx
おはようございます
excellent info , Thank You ! keep up the fine vids ! 👍☺🔬📖📚✏📐
That poor cop, could you imagine? 😳🫣