*POKEY ELECTRONS HAVE A SPEEDY ELECTRIC FIELD* - i.e., drift velocity of charged particles vs. signal velocity in a field. I have reviewed more than a dozen videos on UA-cam regarding the physics of electric current and this is the FIRST (that I have found) that explains these related concepts, including a numerical example, in a single presentation. Well done.
@@ProfessorCarlson What is the Sun ON BALANCE, AND how is the Sun's CORONA understood (ON BALANCE)? HOW CAN (AND DOES) WHAT IS THE SUN EXIST IN BOTH TIME AND SPACE?: What is the Sun is fully consistent WITH what is E=MC2 in accordance WITH what are SPACE AND TIME. Indeed, what is E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. What is GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. Indeed, consider what is outer “space” ON BALANCE; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! INDEED, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE !!!! GREAT. I have explained the coronal heating ON BALANCE !!!! The Sun's corona is one, TWO, AND three dimensional gravitational/electromagnetic SPACE (ON/IN BALANCE) consistent WITH what is E=MC2 !!!! Therefore, c squared CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !!!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! Therefore, ON BALANCE, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME. Accordingly, stellar clustering ALSO proves, ON BALANCE, that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE !!!! c squared CLEARLY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! I have mathematically (AND CLEARLY) proven and explained what is the fourth dimension ON BALANCE !!!! Perfect. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense ON BALANCE !!!!! INDEED, consider why and how that there is something instead of nothing ON BALANCE !!!!! GREAT. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio The answer is that the corona is one, two, AND three dimensional SPACE ON/IN BALANCE. It is fully consistent WITH what is E=MC2. It is pure ENERGY on balance with what is the Sun. It is a balanced SPACE, without which (again, ON BALANCE) what is the Sun could not exist or be manifest. Great. INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON ON BALANCE !! The rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. Great. “Mass”/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE); AS GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! GREAT. By Frank Martin DiMeglio
It has been 30 years since I took my E&M course at the University of Louisville (Physics 298 from Dr Chris Davis), and this series of lectures are perfect for refreshing my knowledge of the subject. The lecturer knows how to keep young people awake, which is a good portion of the battle: she uses the entire performance space available, asks questions of the class, and keeps them engaged. Also, I've studied QED and I like the little allusions that Dr Carlson uses. If you don't already know quantum, they'd go right over your head, but be something you'd remember when you finally get to quantum mechanics. For example, in this lecture, the discussion of the field on the surface of the conductor is a foretaste of the idea of locality in quantum mechanics. On the less theoretical side, it's great that she has practical demonstrations. My grandfather taught physics at Murray from 1940 to 1973, and his mantra was always to have a practical demonstration with everyday objects: he didn't want the student to think that the phenomenon under study was only visible using fancy lab gear, but was observable in everyday life. Great series, thank you, Prof. Carlson, for this great walk down Maxwell's Memory Lane.
@@asdfafafdasfasdfs not at all bro study work of André Koch Torres Assis. He went pretty depth in hystory and found out never published book by amper and weber and gaus study about surface charge. ua-cam.com/video/3e7FjP8QDAI/v-deo.html
I love her energy, clear voice, and discussion of surface charges. Although I have an M.S. in Physics I never saw those discussed when I was in college. Imagine a long column of Zebra attacked at the back by a lion. Almost immediately at the speed of sound the Zebras at the front will start running! Although Zebras run a lot slower than the speed of sound the signal reaches the front very quickly. This analogy also explains that there will be a charge build-up along the line. Imagine you divided the Zebra column into sections of 10 Zebras each. The back section hears the lion first so all 10 Zebras have time to move from their end section to section one ahead. However, the Zebras in the next section hear the noise a little later so only 9 of the 10 moved out of section 2 to section 3. Now you see that there is a pile-up or build-up of Zebras in section 2. There used to be 10 zebras in section 2, 9 moved out, but 10 came from section 1. So now there are 11 Zebras in section 2. The same will happen in all sections ahead with net charge build-up in the analogy.
Thank you professor, you are stunning! I was struggling so much with trying to understand what exactly happens on the level of charges and fields when we close the circuit, and somehow almost all sources completely gloss over this topic. Really glad I found a link to this video in one of the comments on stackoverflow. Some things are still unclear though, but let's see if they clear up after I watch the lectures before and after this one.
Thank you for the comment! The material for these lectures is largely based on the textbook series "Matter and Interactions Volume II" by Chabay and Sherwood. This lecture is from Chapter 18, "Electric Field and Circuits." (4th edition)
Thank you! 😄I do wish I had recorded when I taught the mechanics version of this course. I do have new videos about quantum materials here: www.youtube.com/@thequantumage
Thanks for your carefully constructed explanation. One thing not considered is that the hot electric bulb filament in your physical circuit is of much greater resistance than the wires conveying the electric current to and from the bulb filament end points. This suggests there will be a much greater electric field strength along the bulb filament than that which exists along the connecting wires. Ohms Law (J=sigma×E) must apply everywhere around the circuit external to the battery. To accommodate this we must propose a more complex surface charge distribution in the region of the bulb filament.
Sharing some toughts: If the formula of voltage is the work/q and knowing the work is dependent on the Electric field, then it means that the Electriv field is much higher at the two poles of the load than it is at the rest of the circuit (which is wires).
thanks your lesson.Why do electrons travel faster through thin tubes？by the electric field （thin tubes）？what changes the electric field？Can you explain in detail?
I don't understand 2 things here: 1. where do surface charges come from/why are they there? 2. why don't surface charges move to neutralize the surface of the wire? Why is one half of the circuit's surface positive and one half negative? Why don't the charges on the surface spread out more? Thank you for the video!
when you connect a wire to the positive pole of a battery, its creating some positive charges inside the wire, then the positive charges are repulsing each other as far as they can thus until they reach the surface of the wire.
What is curious is that you indicate surface charges provide the force necessary to push the electrons through the wire, but DC current flows throughout the entire cross section of the wire. DC electrical resistance is related to the entire cross section of the wire, implying DC current is evenly distributed throughout the cross-section. But high frequency AC resistance is more subject to skin-effect and does not gain as much benefit from the cross-sectional area, implying there is some sort of delay or resistance to electron mobility into the wire’s cross-section that higher frequencies can not overcome. So what is this AC resistance into the center of the wire coming from? Electron repulsion?
so we need energy to excite the electrons, so that the excited electrons can produce EM field and that EM field can travel at the speed of light? So EM field carries the energy to bulb? which is used to light the bulb?
I think the explanation of how many atoms are being passed by the electrons might be misleading or left incomplete. How does that relate to energy transmission? What matters for the energy used by the light-bulb is the fields outside the cables. Energy flowing along the wire and into the light bulb.
your way of teaching is very good .. i have an question that is it possible that the same surface charge density gradient is form during AC current transmission??????....
that the leaning of electrons is what causes the current is not exact, I think. because everytime the electron hit an obstacle and comeback it is the electric field that causes it to accelerate again.not a wave actually. please correct me if wrong
So the assumption is that surface charges are creating the electric field inside the conductor? And the surface is charged because of the outside surface capacitance and the outside electric field? In that case: take a fully screened cable as used in high frequency conduction (but use it here for dc) and connect the screen and inner conductor together at both ends, and those ends to the battery. The inner core can’t “see” the surface charge because of the screen but in reality it still conducts the current. This is the same principle that no electric field can exist in a charged metallic sphere. The surface charges cancel exactly the outside electrical field and no outside field will penetrate the conductor. Therefore this explanation can’t be correct.
prof. I am a high school student and I am very confused in circuits having capacitors my confusion is that: In my textbook, for series combination it is written that the capacitors must have equal and opposite charges on both plates because if they wouldn't then there will be an electric field inside the conductor connecting both capacitors and that would redistribute the charges until they acquire equal and opposite charge because as the plates as very close the electric field due to positive plate and negative plate are almost equal and opposite at any point inside the conductor, which seems to be logical but there is a problem in it. if we go by this explanation then when two capacitors having equal and opposite charges on both plates are connected then the charge redistribution should never occur because the net electric field inside the conductors connecting the two is 0 always, isn't it? please help me regarding this,.. for more reference please see the image here, {physics.stackexchange.com/questions/644342/why-do-we-treat-the-whole-capacitor-as-if-it-would-be-a-single-conductor}
*POKEY ELECTRONS HAVE A SPEEDY ELECTRIC FIELD* - i.e., drift velocity of charged particles vs. signal velocity in a field.
I have reviewed more than a dozen videos on UA-cam regarding the physics of electric current and this is the FIRST (that I have found) that explains these related concepts, including a numerical example, in a single presentation. Well done.
Thank you! I hope you enjoy the other lectures, too.
@@ProfessorCarlson What is the Sun ON BALANCE, AND how is the Sun's CORONA understood (ON BALANCE)?
HOW CAN (AND DOES) WHAT IS THE SUN EXIST IN BOTH TIME AND SPACE?:
What is the Sun is fully consistent WITH what is E=MC2 in accordance WITH what are SPACE AND TIME. Indeed, what is E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. What is GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. Indeed, consider what is outer “space” ON BALANCE; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! INDEED, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE !!!! GREAT. I have explained the coronal heating ON BALANCE !!!! The Sun's corona is one, TWO, AND three dimensional gravitational/electromagnetic SPACE (ON/IN BALANCE) consistent WITH what is E=MC2 !!!! Therefore, c squared CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !!!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! Therefore, ON BALANCE, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME. Accordingly, stellar clustering ALSO proves, ON BALANCE, that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!!!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE !!!! c squared CLEARLY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! I have mathematically (AND CLEARLY) proven and explained what is the fourth dimension ON BALANCE !!!! Perfect. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense ON BALANCE !!!!! INDEED, consider why and how that there is something instead of nothing ON BALANCE !!!!! GREAT. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!!
By Frank Martin DiMeglio
The answer is that the corona is one, two, AND three dimensional SPACE ON/IN BALANCE. It is fully consistent WITH what is E=MC2. It is pure ENERGY on balance with what is the Sun. It is a balanced SPACE, without which (again, ON BALANCE) what is the Sun could not exist or be manifest. Great. INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON ON BALANCE !! The rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. Great. “Mass”/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE); AS GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! GREAT.
By Frank Martin DiMeglio
It has been 30 years since I took my E&M course at the University of Louisville (Physics 298 from Dr Chris Davis), and this series of lectures are perfect for refreshing my knowledge of the subject. The lecturer knows how to keep young people awake, which is a good portion of the battle: she uses the entire performance space available, asks questions of the class, and keeps them engaged. Also, I've studied QED and I like the little allusions that Dr Carlson uses. If you don't already know quantum, they'd go right over your head, but be something you'd remember when you finally get to quantum mechanics. For example, in this lecture, the discussion of the field on the surface of the conductor is a foretaste of the idea of locality in quantum mechanics.
On the less theoretical side, it's great that she has practical demonstrations. My grandfather taught physics at Murray from 1940 to 1973, and his mantra was always to have a practical demonstration with everyday objects: he didn't want the student to think that the phenomenon under study was only visible using fancy lab gear, but was observable in everyday life. Great series, thank you, Prof. Carlson, for this great walk down Maxwell's Memory Lane.
This is fascinating! Very relevant to the whole veritasium debate that has being going on lately. Great to see the actual numbers though
You came here from veritasium channel to look for asnwers you are not alone .
Was thinking about that video as well. This lecture explains everything.
@@asdfafafdasfasdfs not at all bro study work of André Koch Torres Assis. He went pretty depth in hystory and found out never published book by amper and weber and gaus study about surface charge.
ua-cam.com/video/3e7FjP8QDAI/v-deo.html
Wonderfully explained, thank you!
12:07 Why field inside wire 0
15:08 why current start flowing
A professor of this quality, teaching such a frustratingly complicated subject like this, is worth its weight in gold. Thank you.
Thank you! You made my day. :)
I love her energy, clear voice, and discussion of surface charges. Although I have an M.S. in Physics I never saw those discussed when I was in college.
Imagine a long column of Zebra attacked at the back by a lion. Almost immediately at the speed of sound the Zebras at the front will start running! Although Zebras run a lot slower than the speed of sound the signal reaches the front very quickly.
This analogy also explains that there will be a charge build-up along the line. Imagine you divided the Zebra column into sections of 10 Zebras each. The back section hears the lion first so all 10 Zebras have time to move from their end section to section one ahead. However, the Zebras in the next section hear the noise a little later so only 9 of the 10 moved out of section 2 to section 3. Now you see that there is a pile-up or build-up of Zebras in section 2. There used to be 10 zebras in section 2, 9 moved out, but 10 came from section 1. So now there are 11 Zebras in section 2. The same will happen in all sections ahead with net charge build-up in the analogy.
You are the only sun in the universe of science. All others are little stars...
LOL. Thanks!!
Thank you professor, you are stunning! I was struggling so much with trying to understand what exactly happens on the level of charges and fields when we close the circuit, and somehow almost all sources completely gloss over this topic. Really glad I found a link to this video in one of the comments on stackoverflow. Some things are still unclear though, but let's see if they clear up after I watch the lectures before and after this one.
Thank you for the comment! The material for these lectures is largely based on the textbook series "Matter and Interactions Volume II" by Chabay and Sherwood. This lecture is from Chapter 18, "Electric Field and Circuits." (4th edition)
I wonder you didn't take other topics like vectors, mechanics. Because we are enjoying your knowledge.
Thank you! 😄I do wish I had recorded when I taught the mechanics version of this course. I do have new videos about quantum materials here: www.youtube.com/@thequantumage
Thanks for your carefully constructed explanation. One thing not considered is that the hot electric bulb filament in your physical circuit is of much greater resistance than the wires conveying the electric current to and from the bulb filament end points. This suggests there will be a much greater electric field strength along the bulb filament than that which exists along the connecting wires. Ohms Law (J=sigma×E) must apply everywhere around the circuit external to the battery. To accommodate this we must propose a more complex surface charge distribution in the region of the bulb filament.
Can you explain why the electrons travel faster through the thin tube? How the electric field change?
Amazing person and beautiful mind. I liked u very much . I hope you do more lectures about anything
Hussam, Glad you liked these lectures! You can find my videos on quantum mechanics at wondrium.com and ua-cam.com/users/quantumcoffeehouse
I learned so much
Thank you
I learned so much Thank you .I want to know Why do electrons travel faster through the thin tube?
Sharing some toughts: If the formula of voltage is the work/q and knowing the work is dependent on the Electric field, then it means that the Electriv field is much higher at the two poles of the load than it is at the rest of the circuit (which is wires).
Why didn't UA-cam recommend me this earlier,I was stuck At surface Charge gradient before ✌️ thanks
thanks your lesson.Why do electrons travel faster through thin tubes？by the electric field （thin tubes）？what changes the electric field？Can you explain in detail?
I don't understand 2 things here:
1. where do surface charges come from/why are they there?
2. why don't surface charges move to neutralize the surface of the wire? Why is one half of the circuit's surface positive and one half negative? Why don't the charges on the surface spread out more?
Thank you for the video!
when you connect a wire to the positive pole of a battery, its creating some positive charges inside the wire, then the positive charges are repulsing each other as far as they can thus until they reach the surface of the wire.
What is curious is that you indicate surface charges provide the force necessary to push the electrons through the wire, but DC current flows throughout the entire cross section of the wire. DC electrical resistance is related to the entire cross section of the wire, implying DC current is evenly distributed throughout the cross-section.
But high frequency AC resistance is more subject to skin-effect and does not gain as much benefit from the cross-sectional area, implying there is some sort of delay or resistance to electron mobility into the wire’s cross-section that higher frequencies can not overcome.
So what is this AC resistance into the center of the wire coming from? Electron repulsion?
so we need energy to excite the electrons, so that the excited electrons can produce EM field and that EM field can travel at the speed of light?
So EM field carries the energy to bulb? which is used to light the bulb?
I think the explanation of how many atoms are being passed by the electrons might be misleading or left incomplete. How does that relate to energy transmission? What matters for the energy used by the light-bulb is the fields outside the cables. Energy flowing along the wire and into the light bulb.
your way of teaching is very good .. i have an question that is it possible that the same surface charge density gradient is form during AC current transmission??????....
exactly same question is going on my mind
finally someone said that.
"When 10^23 electrons lean sideways that's a big current" XD
that the leaning of electrons is what causes the current is not exact, I think. because everytime the electron hit an obstacle and comeback it is the electric field that causes it to accelerate again.not a wave actually. please correct me if wrong
ma'am what is the role of surface charge density flow of current?
thank you for the peanut heads-up
It’s sad, but that’s how many educators are paid.
So the assumption is that surface charges are creating the electric field inside the conductor?
And the surface is charged because of the outside surface capacitance and the outside electric field?
In that case: take a fully screened cable as used in high frequency conduction (but use it here for dc) and connect the screen and inner conductor together at both ends, and those ends to the battery. The inner core can’t “see” the surface charge because of the screen but in reality it still conducts the current. This is the same principle that no electric field can exist in a charged metallic sphere.
The surface charges cancel exactly the outside electrical field and no outside field will penetrate the conductor.
Therefore this explanation can’t be correct.
Electron to light bulb in your ceiling doesn't account for a/c. In a hyper detailed lecture, this oversight is inappropriate.
prof. I am a high school student and I am very confused in circuits having capacitors my confusion is that:
In my textbook, for series combination it is written that the capacitors must have equal and opposite charges on both plates because if they wouldn't then there will be an electric field inside the conductor connecting both capacitors and that would redistribute the charges until they acquire equal and opposite charge because as the plates as very close the electric field due to positive plate and negative plate are almost equal and opposite at any point inside the conductor, which seems to be logical but there is a problem in it. if we go by this explanation then when two capacitors having equal and opposite charges on both plates are connected then the charge redistribution should never occur because the net electric field inside the conductors connecting the two is 0 always, isn't it? please help me regarding this,.. for more reference please see the image here, {physics.stackexchange.com/questions/644342/why-do-we-treat-the-whole-capacitor-as-if-it-would-be-a-single-conductor}