As goofy as it can be sometimes, these videos are helping me alot in American Govt classes. Its basically like listening to another professor who doesnt suck at teaching...or life
+Keith Hughes (HipHughes) hey can you please subscribe to my teacher she loves your channel her channel is The Chamberlin Channel it's the one with the monapaly guy as the logo please do it I just want her happy.
I hope all these negative comments don't discourage you from making more videos. Not everyone is trying to battle you in politics like some the the comments below. The majority of us are searching American Government lectures because we just need more of an explanation than what we are receiving in class. So, thank you for taking the time to post some information on here! I love the energy you have, it makes this cram session a lot easier.
You are more than welcome. I think it the universal symptom of schooling.... in many cases I assign other videos (such as Crash Course) because my kids mentally check out when they hear my voice. Wishing you and your kids an awesome school year!
I'm a military veteran and classified as a"non traditional adult learner" in my university's system and I love your videos .... I salute you Sir with both hands !!!
on the flip side is seeing Texas not adequately dealing with the very real problem of the uninsured (for them and on those who do have insurance). One in four in TX has no insurance. And in the grand scheme of things in history ObamaCare is no where near the scale of gov. intrusion as Social Security, Medicaid or Medicare. But yes, it is an expansion of federal power and mad respect for your strong opinions.
All my 16 years of education, I can honestly say you are an incredibly proficient educator. You are able to explain things so well and you truly want us to learn and remember this information. Thank you and keep doing what you're doing.
From my understanding there were multiple delegates for each state in Congress. No less than two, no more than seven for each state. However only one vote entitled per state. Is that correct?
As a fellow history teacher I love your stuff Hughes. Just a suggestion - change the Ike and Tina Turner analogy into a Chris Brown / Rihanna analogy. Come on Hughes, Ike and Tina were before our time!!! Be Hip dude! BTW, there is a great animated video called "Shays Rebellion, America's First Civil War". It is done extremely well and I think it really resonates with the students. Check it out if you have not already in your spare time.
I came across your video in search of information for my Political Science paper and I am officially obsessed with your way of lecturing and explaining concepts in such a straightforward way. I'll be sure to mention your name to my fellow classmates in need of some help ;-) Thank you and keep up the awesome videos!
I use Imovie and final cut, but dont let the button pressing get in the way. I do social studies lectures as opposed to history ones, so mine our set around analogies and conceptual ways of explaining historical events. Start with a creative idea, a way of explaining, otherwise it can quickly fall into a diatribe of meaningless facts. History is meant to convey a lesson, an idea which is larger and more important than the stinking details. But Im a high school teacher....
I understand. I teach 11th graders and to me the concept is of the utmost importance. Kids can't write about the academic idea if they don't have the foundation, so I do lecture in kidspeak..... if told, kids understand the video is a bridge to comprehension. The real acquisition of learning occurs in the inquiry project after the video.... thanks for the comment
Still not quite sure I see why I see the disadvantage of strong states and a weaker federal government. A few positives sure, such as military, but wouldn't state autonomy from the federal government ultimately be better in representing the wants and rights of the people of the various states?
Ok, so after being out of school for over 20 yrs and I really didn't like history much in school, I am amazingly enjoying your videos. This is my first semester in college and the amount of information you have to process through/in/out of your brain is, well, you know, A LOT. Thanks for posting these awesome vidoes. I am so glad you are here for us!!
Agreed, but I would argue that to the elite, the idea of these peasant factions causing friction was beyond unpleasant. And questioning the wealthy right to foreclosures? Anarchy! If I said Fed papers before ratification debate, my bad, of course these were written to persuade the states to ratify. Thanks for your smart comments. Smart people make all this work much better.
The power depended on the cooperation of the states. So for instance while technically it could declare war, it had to request state troops which would be paid for by the state. So this would be like saying the parents had the right to move but they would have to ask permission of the kids and have them foot the bill. I'll give them the post office though, although, Rhode Island taxed inter state goods. It was all kinds of messed up. The power to mint coins was shared with the states. not good.
Sounds like you got your own great teacher. But yes, use what you can, like everything in life. And your project sounds cool, is there a web link for it? Maybe Ill drop it on my own students.
I can respect your views. Lets not forget though that w/out the 14th, African Americans would have had no recourse to the discrimination their states imposed on them. What is to say that a state gov or a local government will not take your liberty? And when it does, should we not have recourse with a central rulebook? Again I respect your views, I just see liberty differently but like you value it and seek its expansion. Props brother man.
This was great, I'm in History 312 right now and the professors lecture bore the hell out of me. He went over this and I didn't understand much of what he was saying but when I saw this, you made so much more sense within those 14 minutes then he did in the hour and ten minutes he was talking. Thank you.
thanks for the advice. how do you do your video editing? I like how you set them up. I don't think mine will be exciting if I just ramble on about something.
uhm ended slavery, expanded womens suffrage, cut the poverty rate in half, ended tyranny in Europe, facilitated the growth of transportation systems, the internet and tang. Run the leading space institution in the world, subsidized research curing disease the world around, provided access to education for all regardless of race, facilitated the growth of the middle class beginning w. the progressive era., helped to make America the richest country in personal wealth in the world? I could go on.
don't get me wrong, Im also a libertarian when it comes to expression and happiness, Im against intrusion into privacy and thing the gov. needs a constant press to watchdog it, I also believe some things are better left to the people (ie tenth amendment). I also have mad respect for other opinions.
"industrialization? winning WWII? commerce? the unknowns are plentiful." If we don't intervene in WW I, there likely is no WW II. The Articles left people more free, and people are better off in every way when free.
@Hip Hughes TY. I've written accurate subtitles for this video. *Please can you add them* because YT have a new policy that *only you* can add subtitles There was 1 thing that I wasn't sure about in this video: 0:06:55.340,0:06:59.240 but, generally, if you see that word and [with a strong accent you say something like:] you seeing it like I see it, BTW, I've also done subtitles for 2 other videos of yours - please add them: The American Revolution Explained: US History Review The Constitutional Convention of 1787 for Dummies YT are deleting all unpublished subtitles so I am writing the subtitles for this video hereinbelow in 3 parts
Part 1 of subtitles: 0:00:03.220,0:00:07.220 Hey guys, and welcome to another Hip Hughes History lecture. 0:00:07.220,0:00:11.180 In this video lecture, we're going to take a look at the essential question: 0:00:11.180,0:00:14.560 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 0:00:14.560,0:00:16.720 So let's get to it. Giddy up! 0:00:16.720,0:00:20.180 The Articles of Confederation were our 1st Constitution. 0:00:20.180,0:00:23.860 That's right, folks. We've had 2 Constitutions. 0:00:23.860,0:00:28.180 We're very much used to hearing: "the United States Constitution". 0:00:28.180,0:00:31.280 Well, that puppy was written in 1787. 0:00:31.280,0:00:37.480 And if you know anything about American history, the year 1776? Maybe that rings a bell for you? 0:00:37.480,0:00:40.120 That's the Revolutionary War in Independence. 0:00:40.120,0:00:49.280 So for that 11 year period - from 1776 to 1787, the United States was run under the 1st constitution. 0:00:49.280,0:00:53.060 The Articles of Confederation. 0:00:53.060,0:01:00.440 And I'd like to start with kind of like a mantra - something that if you just repeat enough, you probably will get the multiple-choice right, 0:01:00.440,0:01:03.520 but we're obviously going to explain it in depth, and that is: 0:01:03.520,0:01:07.860 the Articles of Confederation suck because the Feds were too weak. 0:01:07.860,0:01:13.760 The Articles of Confederation suck because the Feds were too weak. 0:01:13.760,0:01:15.520 Or the States were too strong. 0:01:15.520,0:01:20.660 So, in order to understand what that means, we have to understand the word: 0:01:20.660,0:01:21.620 Federalism 0:01:21.620,0:01:24.540 And that's a really big word on the exam in this course. 0:01:24.540,0:01:26.540 You have to know what federalism is. 0:01:26.540,0:01:31.080 If you don't know what federalism is come exam time, you probably should play sick. 0:01:31.080,0:01:35.820 You should probably get like a cold or the flu. Don't go. Because you need to know that word. 0:01:35.820,0:01:40.600 So, federalism is our form of government (as I sneak over here for a second) right? 0:01:40.600,0:01:49.880 And basically, the concept is that, under colonialism or the colonial era, the United States - the Americans - the colonists, right? 0:01:49.880,0:01:54.040 really had kind of like a bad view of what government was 0:01:54.040,0:02:01.300 because of the abuses that - you know - the King of England and the English government had kind of done to the Americas. 0:02:01.300,0:02:05.400 It depends on how you look at it but: no taxation without representation 0:02:05.400,0:02:08.620 and the denial of some natural rights 0:02:08.620,0:02:13.220 consent of the governed... you know - we really didn't like government. 0:02:13.220,0:02:19.800 So, in the analogy that I use when I teach that is with Ike and Tina Turner. 0:02:19.800,0:02:25.120 Tina Turner being the colonist and Ike being the abusive - you know - kind of King of England, 0:02:25.120,0:02:28.540 and that eventually what does Tina do? She grows up, right? 0:02:28.540,0:02:31.780 She reads 'Common Sense' and she decides: 'I'm out of here'. 0:02:31.780,0:02:38.920 So now that she's out of here - that's 1776 - obviously, she has to fight her way out in the Revolutionary War, 0:02:38.920,0:02:43.220 but she has to, now, form a new government, right? 0:02:43.220,0:02:46.340 In a sense, she has to kind of date a new guy. 0:02:46.340,0:02:53.920 So it's that idea in her head about men - you know - that 'men are abusive' or that 'government is abusive', 0:02:53.920,0:02:57.100 that makes her come up with a form of federalism. 0:02:57.100,0:03:01.700 Because, you see folks, Tina now has the power. 0:03:01.700,0:03:08.140 So. rather than handing all of that power over to some - you know - guy that we really don't know well, 0:03:08.140,0:03:10.600 she's going to - and here we go with the definition: 0:03:10.600,0:03:17.780 federalism is the division of power between: the federal government (that new guy), 0:03:17.780,0:03:21.940 and then some just for Tina. Tina's going to be the states in this analogy. 0:03:21.940,0:03:24.200 Let me do that in 1 big swoosh: 0:03:24.200,0:03:29.920 federalism is the division of power between: the Feds and the States. 0:03:29.920,0:03:36.000 So both of our Constitutions have had that theory or that in action of federalism. 0:03:36.000,0:03:44.560 Today, we have - you know - rather powerful federal government, and - you know - we're not going to give viewpoints here - whether it's good or bad, 0:03:44.560,0:03:48.320 but throughout American history, the federal government has grown in size, 0:03:48.320,0:03:55.000 and, y'know, the States still retain power: marriage laws and schools, and, y'know, some of these issues. 0:03:55.000,0:04:02.560 But the federal government is definitely the authority figure in that relationship, under most aspects of what we would consider 'public policy'. 0:04:02.560,0:04:09.580 So, when Tina 1st gets her hands on the power, she's going to form the Articles of... 0:04:09.580,0:04:10.780 You said it didn't ya? 0:04:10.780,0:04:12.640 The Articles of Confederation. 0:04:12.640,0:04:14.840 She's going to rip it like this: 0:04:14.840,0:04:21.660 Federalism is the division of power between the Feds... 0:04:21.660,0:04:23.720 and the States. 0:04:23.720,0:04:26.520 So, the Feds are incredibly weak 0:04:26.520,0:04:29.820 and now you know why - Tina doesn't like government. 0:04:29.820,0:04:34.800 She doesn't really trust - you know - federal central authority. 0:04:34.800,0:04:40.020 So the colonists, when they write the 1st - you know - Articles of Confederation - the 1st Constitution, 0:04:40.020,0:04:45.220 they're going to delegate (give to) the federal government very limited power. 0:04:45.220,0:04:49.480 And the States,... are going to be like independent nations in a sense. 0:04:49.500,0:04:55.320 They're going to have...not all of the power, but most of the power that, today, we find in the federal government. 0:04:55.320,0:05:01.860 So, let's take a look at what I call: the good, the bad and the ugly of the Articles of Confederation.
Part 2 of subtitles: 0:05:01.860,0:05:03.700 A little bit good. 0:05:03.700,0:05:05.100 A little bit more bad. 0:05:05.100,0:05:06.280 And a lot of ugly. 0:05:06.280,0:05:08.740 Let me go see if I can go find that right now. 0:05:12.120,0:05:13.780 So I found it! 0:05:13.780,0:05:16.980 I found the good and I found the bad and I found the ugly. 0:05:16.980,0:05:21.160 And as we dive into that, let's just get some basic structure down. 0:05:21.160,0:05:23.780 There is a Federal government, you know? 0:05:23.780,0:05:27.800 We said that - you know - federalism is the division of power between the- 0:05:27.800,0:05:31.660 There is a little federal government. There's a big State governments going on, 0:05:31.660,0:05:33.100 but there *is* a federal government. 0:05:33.100,0:05:36.660 So, we need to look at the structure of that federal government. 0:05:36.660,0:05:39.220 Basically, there is 1 branch of government. 0:05:39.220,0:05:43.460 Today, we have 3 branches - we have legislative, executive and judicial. 0:05:43.460,0:05:46.580 There's only the legislative under the Articles of Confederation. 0:05:46.580,0:05:49.540 There is a Congress with 13 members. 0:05:49.540,0:05:52.040 Guess what the 13 members represent? 0:05:52.040,0:05:54.740 Yeah! They represent the 13 States. 0:05:54.740,0:06:00.560 Every State - big - small - it doesn't matter, gets an equal voice, gets 1 vote in that government. 0:06:00.560,0:06:03.080 So, that's what it looks like. 0:06:03.080,0:06:04.920 So good, bad and ugly: 0:06:04.920,0:06:06.920 The 'good' is the law. 0:06:06.920,0:06:15.060 I only go over 1 because really there is only 1 fundamentally, really good law for the United States government passed under the Articles 0:06:15.060,0:06:18.840 and that is the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. 0:06:18.840,0:06:22.620 And I'm going to explain why I said it like that in a second, 0:06:22.620,0:06:28.600 but basically, what this law does is it gives the federal government the ability to grow the nation. 0:06:28.600,0:06:36.480 It is a procedural law that basically sets up a formula for territories to join the United States and become States. 0:06:36.480,0:06:42.460 So, sometimes in class I've said it like: 'the uh oh mama can go get pregnant law' 0:06:42.460,0:06:47.180 [speaks with an accent:] Mom go get pregnant. Oh Northwest Ordinance in 1787. 0:06:47.180,0:06:51.040 And you know that's kind of a strange vocabulary word that will pop up in the exam 0:06:51.040,0:06:55.340 and if you have a lot of facts stuffed in your head, sometimes it's hard to pull that 1 out, 0:06:55.340,0:06:59.240 but, generally, if you see that word and [with a strong accent Hughes says something like:] you seeing it like I see it, 0:06:59.240,0:07:02.440 you'll get that pregnancy visualization in your mind, 0:07:02.440,0:07:08.080 and then maybe the multiple-choice will start to kind of pop out that idea of the United States growing; 0:07:08.080,0:07:12.100 of the United States being able to eventually - you know - do 'Manifest Destiny' 0:07:12.100,0:07:16.760 through Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican War and all that other, y'know, stuff that comes later. 0:07:16.760,0:07:19.700 So, from United States' perspective, that's good. 0:07:19.700,0:07:26.140 Y'know, if you're a Native American or you're a Mexican, the Northwest Ordinance is probably not a good thing, 0:07:26.140,0:07:28.540 But let's move on from there. 0:07:28.540,0:07:30.020 Let's do the bad and the ugly. 0:07:30.020,0:07:40.880 The bad is the structure itself - kind of the rules of the Articles that really are going to hamper - handicap in a sense, the ability of the United States to go forward. 0:07:40.880,0:07:42.840 So, here are just a few of them: 0:07:42.840,0:07:46.500 Number 1. There's no President, right? 0:07:46.500,0:07:51.680 If the aliens come down from outer space and say 'Take me to your leader', 0:07:51.680,0:07:53.220 there is no leader. 0:07:53.220,0:07:54.860 There's no court system. 0:07:54.860,0:07:56.840 There's no ability to tax. 0:07:56.840,0:08:01.500 The federal government had to ask the States for money. 0:08:01.500,0:08:06.920 And in a sense, you know, the federal government really has an empty wallet. 0:08:06.920,0:08:09.760 It has a credit card with no credit on it, in the sense. 0:08:09.760,0:08:11.760 There is no army. 0:08:11.760,0:08:15.400 The army consisted of the....what today would be the National Guard, 0:08:15.400,0:08:19.480 but the 13 States had their own military. 0:08:20.400,0:08:22.800 There's no monetary system, 0:08:22.800,0:08:25.100 so there's no national money. 0:08:25.100,0:08:29.820 There's no ability to control interstate commerce, kind of, between the States. 0:08:29.820,0:08:32.960 Rhode Island, I think, had set up basically, its own tax system, 0:08:32.960,0:08:39.740 that if you wanted to sell goods in Rhode Island you had to pay Rhode Island money to do that from other States. 0:08:39.740,0:08:44.120 So, those are some of the bad structural aspects. 0:08:44.120,0:08:51.460 In terms of passing laws, remember there were only 13 members in Congress - 13 States. 0:08:51.460,0:08:54.480 You needed 9 out of 13 to pass a law. 0:08:54.480,0:09:00.820 So, that's what's called a 'supermajority' - it's hard enough to get 51% - you know - to do *anything* 0:09:00.820,0:09:08.320 so to get 9 out of 13 made it very difficult to pass laws - you know - to change the Articles of Confederation. 0:09:08.320,0:09:12.820 Let's say they had a realization: 'ohh man! That's messed up! We have to change that!' 0:09:12.820,0:09:15.600 You needed all 13! 0:09:15.600,0:09:17.520 So that's going to be a problem. 0:09:17.520,0:09:25.080 And we're going to find out - you know - through the Annapolis Convention, that eventually we're not going to be able to get 13 to agree to change *anything* 0:09:25.080,0:09:29.120 which is going to ultimately destroy the Articles of Confederation. 0:09:29.120,0:09:31.240 So, kind of, that's the good and the bad. 0:09:31.240,0:09:34.740 You know 'ohhh mama get pregnant Northwest Ordinance of 1787' 0:09:34.740,0:09:37.580 The inflexibility of the Articles. 0:09:37.580,0:09:39.320 9 out of 13 to pass a law, 0:09:39.320,0:09:47.380 but more importantly, 13 out of 13 states to agree to change that baby, which makes it completely inflexible. 0:09:47.380,0:09:50.500 You really can't - you know - move forward and change things. 0:09:50.500,0:09:54.080 And - you know - the structural aspect itself - the idea that 0:09:54.080,0:09:54.960 there's no President; 0:09:54.960,0:09:56.140 there's no President; there's no tax system; 0:09:56.140,0:09:56.980 there's no President; there's no tax system; there's no court; 0:09:56.980,0:09:58.040 there's no President; there's no tax system; there's no court; there's no military; 0:09:58.040,0:09:59.490 there's no President; there's no tax system; there's no court; there's no military; there's no paper money. 0:09:59.490,0:10:03.200 It's all going to make it for, kind of, a bad scene later on.
Part 3 of subtitles: 0:10:03.200,0:10:06.600 So let me go get the ugly and then we're going to be done. 0:10:06.900,0:10:11.660 Ugly! It's ugly, where are you? 0:10:12.480,0:10:15.640 Argghghhhh!
Argghghhhh! 0:10:17.100,0:10:19.200 I found it! It's the ugly! 0:10:19.200,0:10:23.640 The ugly is in the idea of Shay's Rebellion. 0:10:24.060,0:10:29.920 Shay's Rebellion - many, many exams I've seen that on - in New York State, the Regents and other exams. 0:10:29.920,0:10:31.800 They want you to know Shay's Rebellion! 0:10:31.800,0:10:37.060 In a sense, Shay's Rebellion is really like kind of the match that's going to set those Articles on fire. 0:10:37.060,0:10:39.020 We've already put the wood down! 0:10:39.020,0:10:46.560 We put all of those kind of bad aspects and weak aspects and inflexible aspects of the Article - that's kind of like kindling with gas on it! 0:10:46.560,0:10:49.980 All you really need is a spark or something to light that afire. 0:10:49.980,0:10:51.360 And that was Shay's Rebellion. 0:10:51.360,0:10:56.740 In the State of Massachusetts, Shay was a former Revolutionary War soldier, 0:10:56.740,0:10:58.760 and he was a little p***** o**. 0:10:58.760,0:11:04.740 He was a little upset that what he felt the government (Massachusetts) wasn't doing for him. 0:11:04.740,0:11:09.100 That he was paying taxes and he really didn't feel that he had proper representation. 0:11:09.100,0:11:12.720 That he felt he was owed debt from the Revolutionary War. 0:11:12.720,0:11:17.880 He really thought, in a sense, that the government wasn't doing well by him. 0:11:17.880,0:11:26.720 So, the Declaration teaches you that if the government isn't giving you - you know - your natural ri- protecting your natural rights, or is abusing its power, 0:11:26.720,0:11:33.400 that you should - you know - force it to change, whether that's through non-violence or maybe violence - the Revolutionary War. 0:11:33.400,0:11:40.100 So Shay and his band of followers basically march on the capital - basically demanding change, 0:11:40.100,0:11:46.160 demanding, y'know, representation - more representation and demanding some recourse to their debt problems. 0:11:46.160,0:11:52.360 So, the concept is that - you know - almost if you can be the Governor of Massachusetts and look out the window 0:11:52.360,0:11:58.840 and see this kind of angry mob coming towards you and you're kind of getting a little nervous - you think maybe this is it. 0:11:58.840,0:12:01.340 Maybe they're going to cut my head off! 0:12:01.340,0:12:04.140 So you grab the phone and who do you call? 0:12:04.140,0:12:05.520 You call your daddy. 0:12:05.520,0:12:07.120 You call the federal government. 0:12:07.120,0:12:12.580 You call the entity that is there to protect you and what do you hear on the other end? 0:12:12.580,0:12:17.100 Boop boop boop boop 1-800 Congress. 0:12:17.100,0:12:19.300 Uh oh! 0:12:19.300,0:12:21.080 They're not going to be able to help. 0:12:21.080,0:12:23.080 There's hardly anyone on the other end. 0:12:23.080,0:12:25.640 They have no army. They have no taxpayer power. 0:12:25.640,0:12:29.940 They'd asked the States for help to go help another State. 0:12:29.940,0:12:35.440 And it's not that Shay's Rebellion cuts heads off, and it's not that Shay's Rebellion is successful. 0:12:35.440,0:12:41.000 Eventually, they are - you know - captured and they are charged, and I think later some were pardoned maybe. 0:12:41.000,0:12:42.680 Maybe some were executed. 0:12:42.680,0:12:48.460 I'm not an expert on Shay's Rebellion but what I do know is that it scared the hell out of some people. 0:12:48.460,0:12:51.180 it scared the hell out of people like Alexander Hamilton, 0:12:51.180,0:12:55.740 and people that had power and land and money because this really represented: 0:12:55.740,0:13:03.500 the fear of a lot of property owners was that 'the day might be coming where they come for us'. 0:13:03.500,0:13:06.500 So we need a federal government with more power. 0:13:06.500,0:13:11.420 Hence, they wrote the Federalist Papers which are going to argue for a new Constitution. 0:13:11.420,0:13:14.000 So, that's the ugly - Shay's Rebellion. 0:13:14.000,0:13:17.400 Eventually, the States end up in Annapolis, Maryland at a meeting. 0:13:17.400,0:13:22.920 It's called 'the Annapolis Convention' - 'the Annapolis Meeting', where they try to scratch their heads and figure out: 'What are we going to do?' 0:13:22.920,0:13:28.020 So, they decide that they're really going to have to have a Convention to change this baby majorly. 0:13:28.020,0:13:32.160 Rhode Island, you you didn't even show up to the Annapolis Convention. 0:13:32.160,0:13:38.740 So, when you don't show up to the Constitutional Convention, and you need all 13 to be there to make any changes. 0:13:38.740,0:13:40.400 That's it. 0:13:40.400,0:13:43.420 Articles of Confederation, poof! Goodbye! 0:13:43.420,0:13:46.920 So, I hope that you learned something about the Articles of Confederation. 0:13:46.920,0:13:52.200 If you learned *anything*, hopefully, you know what federalism is and now you can say with me that: 0:13:52.200,0:13:57.760 the Articles of Confederation sucked because the Feds were too.....? 0:13:57.760,0:14:00.000 You did it! Good for ya. 0:14:00.000,0:14:03.720 All right guys. We'll see you in another video lecture - keep studying and er... 0:14:03.720,0:14:08.300 Good for you. See you later!
You do a very good job with these videos Mr. Hughes. I'm a current History major and even though I know the information in your videos, I still love to go over them. I would do history videos myself, but I am not that good with video editing.
I can appreciate the libertarian mindset, really. But in historical context u do understand, I hope that under the Articles, the US could not of: a) defeated the Nazis b) completed Manifest c) won WWI d) build the Hoover Dam or the Transcontinental Railroad e) explored outerspace f) helped to eradicate poverty not only here but in much of the world..I could go on forever. I also recognize the neagtives (imperial policies, Iraq, Native genocide, etc) but nothing is ever so black/white. its Grey.
Any relation to Gnome Chomsky? I recently hired the little guy for my new videos, he said he had no relatives though..... and thanks for the kudos, hope you subscribed and please dip into the reservoir of videos as need be and more important tell your friends, share my site on social sites and whisper it to random strangers so I can retire and just make videos all day so I can live like a gangster.
Hey Mr. Hip, in my text book it says that the Congress was allowed to maintain an army and navy, to declare war and make peace with foreign countries, maintain a post office, and to mint coins? Did it have the power to and simply not? Or whaT?
I have a History test tomorrow, and the question is to define what is articles of confederation in three or more sentences. is there any way you can help me in answering this? :s
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States of America from 1776 to 1786. The AOC was created with a general distrust of political power, therefore the way it divides power is a lot different then we define Federalism today. Unlike today the abundance of power was kept to the states, almost like 13 little countries, the central government held very little power. Eventually its was this lack of Federal Power that would leave the young United States vulnerable to internal rebellions, such as Shay's Rebellion which led many to accept the need for new stronger Constitution. How's that?
Smart stuff right here. I may disagree however I am mandated to teach the curriculum so in this case you would be the revisionist. I am not saying you are necessarily wrong but it is the curriculum. Anyone propagating a viewpoint is in a sense a propagandist. I do challenge the idea though of where the articles would of brought us... is that road known? slavery? industrialization? winning WWII? commerce? the unknowns are plentiful. Whatever the reason or truth, I thank you for your 2 cents.
Articles of Confederation did not fail & is alive & well today...the 4 Organic laws of the united states of America are in chronological order, The Declaration of Independence, The Articles of Confederation, The Northwest Ordinance, The U.S. Constitution... 6:11
You got it! I'll tell you what, come back everyday or every other day, ok every once in a while and click on one of the videos in the US History playlist and I shall be your teacher! So far you have an A+
Hi. I am a social studies teacher (Govt., Criminal Justice and Anthro). I would have liked to have used this video in my classroom, but had second thoughts after listening. . . Not that I am in the least bit offended, but I was a little disappointed by your word choices. Expressions like, The A of C "sucked," and Shay's Rebellion "scared the hell out of," and "Mama go get pregnant," are not comments I would want my students to repeat in an essay. Great concept, though! Thanks.
Good Day Hip Hughes.Please help me answer the question in regards to African Americans still not actually being citizens under the Constitution? I am in a debate and they are saying Blacks are still slaves according to the Constitution? They are saying the Dred Scott Case proved it and was actually never changed.Please Help Answer
Are you asking if African Americans are STILL slaves under the Constitution? I can answer that: NO! Who the hell told you that? You need to ignore idiots like that. Anyone who believes that African Americans are still slaves is dumbass unworthy of your time and attention.
thank you for putting it in simple words. my u.s history teacher just did too much and i understood it but need something more simple like this. can you do the battle and defeat of long island?
Woah, you had me reading to the enslavement part. Jefferson himself broke the Constitution w/ the L Purchase. I believe the Constitution has both ying and yang, aspects of limits and flexibility, and that its limited democracy is a mechanism to manage that balance. Im sorry you feel enslaved. Mad respect but we aren't going to agree on the fundamental role of gov. But we still get to be friends!
well chaos sometimes I have students who don't try very well so you helped me a lot too. (but mostly they do and I love all my kids, but not in a creepy way)
Good Evening HH, History was never my strong suit, although with the current discourse in the media, and everywhere, I find a need to learn more about the US History. Thank you, this is very helpful!
this was a great video! I have a midterm in a couple of hours and this may be an essay question and this video was great at explaining everything in detail.
amazing!! :) I really did learn.. I have a 1,000 paper due in one day(tmr) askingWhy did the U.S. government abandon the Articles of Confederation and replace with the U.S Constitution ? What did the opponents fear about the new Constitution and how did they had subverted the nations founding principles?" I can now answer the first question... thank you soooo much!!
Shay's rebellion does not sound like a justification of federalism, it sounds more like an indictment. It sounds like the revolutionary war was all well and good when the labor class was fighting on the side of rich American land owners for independence from England, but then they realized they were going to be the next in line under that concept, and they had to find a way to crush it.
The irony about Shay's rebellion is that they( the regulators is what they called themselves) were the land owners, Although poor due to Massachusetts soil being poor for farming and were being taxed so heavily by the state of Massachusetts that they were being jailed and their property confiscated by the state. Also because the state Constitution had eligibility requirements to hold office and to vote based on high networth not property ownership which was the norm at the time (10,000 pounds for governor, 3,000 pounds for Senate, 300 pounds for house and 60 pounds to vote If I remember correctly, which was more then most would ever see at one time.) and the tax was a property tax. So the rich Boston merchants who owned very little property held most of the state offices and made the laws. The poor Western farmers, many of whom couldn't even vote, were being taxed without representation with anywhere from 60% to 90% (depending on the source) of the tax burden. Even more messed up the state required the taxes to be paid in hard currency which there was a shortage of and refused to accept state issued paper money so even those who could pay couldn't do so being unable to acquire silver or gold to pay it with. On top of this the state suspended Habius Corpus during the Rebellion which in my opinion is the height of tyranny and one of our most unalienable rights. Also the Rebellion was put down not with a Federal or State army but a private one paid for by some of the Boston Merchants. If that is freedom under the AOC then count me out. All forms of government are oppressive including anarchy. Some just more so than others.
The idea of the federal government not being able to issue currency sounds great to the most ardently anti-government. The reality is it would make interstate commerce impossibly difficult.
Daniel Ryan Agreed. It would essentially prevent the existence of capitalism and cripple the economy allowing only local commerce. Without the availability of hard or other trusted currencies an economy simply can't function. I hate the Federal reserve and think the house of Reps need to take their power back but the problem with gold and silver is always availability of supply especially to sustain a growing economy and speculation on the markets that make its value unstable. In fact one of the contributing factors in the fall of Rome is they messed up and allowed to much of their gold and silver supply to leave the empire for trade imports caused by a famine in Egypt who's wheat crop usually paid the debt and it wrecked the economy.
Might add that Shay's Rebellion is, in my view, the ultimate argument AGAINST privatizing the military or police. Shay and his supporters were put down by an entirely private force-literally an army of hired guns, mercenaries. The most ardently anti-government argue that privatizing the military and law enforcement would save money and lessen government power-but it would mean putting MORE power into the hands of those who can afford to pay those mercenaries the most. This nebulous idea that "competition" would prevent any such situation from turning against the populace is pure idealism without any grounding in actual experience. I far prefer police and soldiers be public servants than be mercenaries
That ends being more of a warlord / anarchy form of government. I like a lot of libertarian ideas but government is necessary to protect the rights of all from the tyranny of the mob or wealthy few. It is a fine line between protection and oppression or as I think of it your right to live how you want stops when you try to tell me how to live my life. The main cause of Shay's rebellion was the power grab by the merchant elite through the states Constitution which was ratified during a winter so bad no delegate that lived further then 50 miles from Boston could make it. Mind they really couldn't wait long considering that was in the middle of the revolution. But does seem fishy. Also no one brings up (remember history is written by the victors) that the farmers and towns for years partitioned the legislature for years about the problems and need for reform but the legislature refused to even acknowledge them. It was only when their property was being forcibly taken did they revolt and even then it was peaceful. All they did was force the court's to close until the legislature agreed to hear their partitions. The private army I believe started the violence from what information I have found. One of the main responsibilities of our government is to protect private property rights without which there can be no free society.
On June 21, 1788 the current Constitution was "ratified" by the signature of the 9th state...YET, according to article XIII of the AoC, the AoC was a still standing document, and was not officially ended until the signature of the 13th state in...(drum roll please) May 29, 1790. Hence, the illegal ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Thanks for the kudos and you are not alone. Presently you are one of 6,480 subscribers, I am hoping there potentially hundreds of thousands of you. Hpe you've subscribed and share the good word with all of your peeps. I dream of the day where I can just make videos and live life like a true UA-cam Edu Gangster.
The articles of confederation did not fail. They are specifically referred to in article 6 which states that all debts and engagements entered into before the adoption of the constitution shall be valid as they were under the confederation.
OverTaxed42Long And how does that show they didn't fail? All that states is that we won't ripoff our creditors so they will loan us more money in the future.
The states are individual nations. That is exactly the intent of the founders. This is seen when you look at how other countries are referred to as separate states. The federal gov't has only four duties they are lawfully allowed to operate under. The federal gov't has unlawfully broken those bounds and the people need to learn to take charge of these liars and creeps in gov't who think we serve them. They serve the people, period. Judges are NOT the ultimate arbiter of law. They only have opinions, not rulings. Rulings are what kings make, we kicked kings off the American continent long ago. Opinions are just that, an opinion. And that is what judges give. Opinions. They do not teach law in school because the ursurpers of the country do not want anyone in their separate class (separate classes of people is unconstitutional also) they live within and abuse the people from.
thanks man i am a student in Georgia and this teachers suck at learning, I spend a hour in class and don't get noting and in 14 mins i got everything. NICE JOB!
I'm in advanced social studies and I have a big test tomorrow, this really helped me study..... although I didn't get "the articles of confederation sucked because the feds were to weak???"part
This was a good overview of what happened. However, I am just curious why you fail to mention the requisition and the speculation going on with bonds at the time. If anything, it seems that the framers liked a federal government more for its economic power rather than its political merits. It just seems that the Articles of Confederation ---with reforms--- would have been a better, but not immediate, solution to preserving the sovereignty of the "free citizens" right to vote rather than making congress more elitist and centralized. In this way, I believe the Constitution was a well thought out document, but am still on the fence when it comes to saying the Articles suck.
The problem with the kind of structure the Articles put in place is that it relied on the voluntary cooperation of all-and as the 9 out of 13 example shows, no one wanted to cooperate.
As goofy as it can be sometimes, these videos are helping me alot in American Govt classes. Its basically like listening to another professor who doesnt suck at teaching...or life
+Bob Swagger I think I will take that as a compliment.
+Keith Hughes (HipHughes) you're welcome
+Keith Hughes (HipHughes) hey can you please subscribe to my teacher she loves your channel her channel is The Chamberlin Channel it's the one with the monapaly guy as the logo please do it I just want her happy.
Exactly 😂😂😂 much better teacher than my Poli Sci. Professor
SO TRUE!
“You should probably get the flu” that really hits different in 2020
WE NEED MORE TEACHERS LIKE HIM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
all my teachers are careless and they are not clear. -__-
Maria Paula Vasco my teacher doesn’t even teach
I low key felt like punching him threw the screen
I hope all these negative comments don't discourage you from making more videos. Not everyone is trying to battle you in politics like some the the comments below. The majority of us are searching American Government lectures because we just need more of an explanation than what we are receiving in class. So, thank you for taking the time to post some information on here! I love the energy you have, it makes this cram session a lot easier.
Thank you! Someone understands.
this is pretty fun and i dont really like history this is good
this sucks just like you
You are more than welcome. I think it the universal symptom of schooling.... in many cases I assign other videos (such as Crash Course) because my kids mentally check out when they hear my voice. Wishing you and your kids an awesome school year!
I'm a military veteran and classified as a"non traditional adult learner" in my university's system and I love your videos .... I salute you Sir with both hands !!!
You do a great job explaining throughly and keeping your audience entertained! I really thank you :)
those may exist in state constitutions but they are not mentioned in the articles.
on the flip side is seeing Texas not adequately dealing with the very real problem of the uninsured (for them and on those who do have insurance). One in four in TX has no insurance. And in the grand scheme of things in history ObamaCare is no where near the scale of gov. intrusion as Social Security, Medicaid or Medicare. But yes, it is an expansion of federal power and mad respect for your strong opinions.
Six years later and you are still helping people pass exams, thank you!
THE FEDS WERE TOO WEAK
+Frank Mecham it's not like I'm dead or something. 🤓
All my 16 years of education, I can honestly say you are an incredibly proficient educator. You are able to explain things so well and you truly want us to learn and remember this information. Thank you and keep doing what you're doing.
College student here! Loving this lecture, thank you for the help!🌹
From my understanding there were multiple delegates for each state in Congress.
No less than two, no more than seven for each state.
However only one vote entitled per state.
Is that correct?
Heya Buzzy.... thanks for the kudos... what kind of tech do you have access to?
As a fellow history teacher I love your stuff Hughes. Just a suggestion - change the Ike and Tina Turner analogy into a Chris Brown / Rihanna analogy. Come on Hughes, Ike and Tina were before our time!!! Be Hip dude! BTW, there is a great animated video called "Shays Rebellion, America's First Civil War". It is done extremely well and I think it really resonates with the students. Check it out if you have not already in your spare time.
Thanks for the kudos and rest assured I made the Chris Brown switch this year. I'll definitely check out your suggestion, thanks!
I came across your video in search of information for my Political Science paper and I am officially obsessed with your way of lecturing and explaining concepts in such a straightforward way. I'll be sure to mention your name to my fellow classmates in need of some help ;-) Thank you and keep up the awesome videos!
I use Imovie and final cut, but dont let the button pressing get in the way. I do social studies lectures as opposed to history ones, so mine our set around analogies and conceptual ways of explaining historical events. Start with a creative idea, a way of explaining, otherwise it can quickly fall into a diatribe of meaningless facts. History is meant to convey a lesson, an idea which is larger and more important than the stinking details. But Im a high school teacher....
Thank You sssoooo much! I thought I was screwed in history, you're an education saver!
#winning
um okay then. I failed because of this 🧖🏽♀️
XD
I understand. I teach 11th graders and to me the concept is of the utmost importance. Kids can't write about the academic idea if they don't have the foundation, so I do lecture in kidspeak..... if told, kids understand the video is a bridge to comprehension. The real acquisition of learning occurs in the inquiry project after the video.... thanks for the comment
I love these videos. Mr Hughes brings history alive in a fun and informative way!!
Still not quite sure I see why I see the disadvantage of strong states and a weaker federal government. A few positives sure, such as military, but wouldn't state autonomy from the federal government ultimately be better in representing the wants and rights of the people of the various states?
Ok, so after being out of school for over 20 yrs and I really didn't like history much in school, I am amazingly enjoying your videos. This is my first semester in college and the amount of information you have to process through/in/out of your brain is, well, you know, A LOT. Thanks for posting these awesome vidoes. I am so glad you are here for us!!
Agreed, but I would argue that to the elite, the idea of these peasant factions causing friction was beyond unpleasant. And questioning the wealthy right to foreclosures? Anarchy! If I said Fed papers before ratification debate, my bad, of course these were written to persuade the states to ratify. Thanks for your smart comments. Smart people make all this work much better.
I did not think that Bees actually had knees. They must be super tiny.
There is court system and tax, just not given to the Federal government.
I'm writing an essay in social studies to compare The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. Are there any guidelines you can give me?
The power depended on the cooperation of the states. So for instance while technically it could declare war, it had to request state troops which would be paid for by the state. So this would be like saying the parents had the right to move but they would have to ask permission of the kids and have them foot the bill. I'll give them the post office though, although, Rhode Island taxed inter state goods. It was all kinds of messed up. The power to mint coins was shared with the states. not good.
Sounds like you got your own great teacher. But yes, use what you can, like everything in life. And your project sounds cool, is there a web link for it? Maybe Ill drop it on my own students.
I can respect your views. Lets not forget though that w/out the 14th, African Americans would have had no recourse to the discrimination their states imposed on them. What is to say that a state gov or a local government will not take your liberty? And when it does, should we not have recourse with a central rulebook? Again I respect your views, I just see liberty differently but like you value it and seek its expansion. Props brother man.
This was great, I'm in History 312 right now and the professors lecture bore the hell out of me. He went over this and I didn't understand much of what he was saying but when I saw this, you made so much more sense within those 14 minutes then he did in the hour and ten minutes he was talking. Thank you.
Your change of voice with north west ordinance of 1787 actually made me remember the date! And the north west part. You’re dope af. Thank you
thanks for the advice. how do you do your video editing? I like how you set them up. I don't think mine will be exciting if I just ramble on about something.
the comedy touch and the simplicity of your videos helps me a great deal....Am I the only one?
Wut r the no's of vid
My ap exam is in one month and I am so glad that you make videos to help students all over the country :)
Great energy. Such a nice change from other often dry presentations of American history.
Crazy that this continues to help more than 9 years later. Thank you!
uhm ended slavery, expanded womens suffrage, cut the poverty rate in half, ended tyranny in Europe, facilitated the growth of transportation systems, the internet and tang. Run the leading space institution in the world, subsidized research curing disease the world around, provided access to education for all regardless of race, facilitated the growth of the middle class beginning w. the progressive era., helped to make America the richest country in personal wealth in the world? I could go on.
don't get me wrong, Im also a libertarian when it comes to expression and happiness, Im against intrusion into privacy and thing the gov. needs a constant press to watchdog it, I also believe some things are better left to the people (ie tenth amendment). I also have mad respect for other opinions.
Very well done. I like your analogies and how you make it so much easier to understand. (I also like what u did with the green screen effect)
"industrialization? winning WWII? commerce? the unknowns are plentiful."
If we don't intervene in WW I, there likely is no WW II. The Articles left people more free, and people are better off in every way when free.
I have a goverment test tommorow, how can you paraphrase the Annapolis Convention and conneticut compromise so it can be simple to remember and study.
@Hip Hughes TY. I've written accurate subtitles for this video. *Please can you add them* because YT have a new policy that *only you* can add subtitles
There was 1 thing that I wasn't sure about in this video:
0:06:55.340,0:06:59.240
but, generally, if you see that word and [with a strong accent you say something like:] you seeing it like I see it,
BTW, I've also done subtitles for 2 other videos of yours - please add them:
The American Revolution Explained: US History Review
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 for Dummies
YT are deleting all unpublished subtitles so I am writing the subtitles for this video hereinbelow in 3 parts
Part 1 of subtitles:
0:00:03.220,0:00:07.220
Hey guys, and welcome to another Hip Hughes History lecture.
0:00:07.220,0:00:11.180
In this video lecture, we're going to take a look at the essential question:
0:00:11.180,0:00:14.560
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
0:00:14.560,0:00:16.720
So let's get to it. Giddy up!
0:00:16.720,0:00:20.180
The Articles of Confederation were our 1st Constitution.
0:00:20.180,0:00:23.860
That's right, folks.
We've had 2 Constitutions.
0:00:23.860,0:00:28.180
We're very much used to hearing:
"the United States Constitution".
0:00:28.180,0:00:31.280
Well, that puppy was written in 1787.
0:00:31.280,0:00:37.480
And if you know anything about American history, the year 1776? Maybe that rings a bell for you?
0:00:37.480,0:00:40.120
That's the Revolutionary War in Independence.
0:00:40.120,0:00:49.280
So for that 11 year period - from 1776 to 1787,
the United States was run under the 1st constitution.
0:00:49.280,0:00:53.060
The Articles of Confederation.
0:00:53.060,0:01:00.440
And I'd like to start with kind of like a mantra - something that if you just repeat enough, you probably will get the multiple-choice right,
0:01:00.440,0:01:03.520
but we're obviously going to explain it in depth,
and that is:
0:01:03.520,0:01:07.860
the Articles of Confederation suck
because the Feds were too weak.
0:01:07.860,0:01:13.760
The Articles of Confederation suck because the Feds were too weak.
0:01:13.760,0:01:15.520
Or the States were too strong.
0:01:15.520,0:01:20.660
So, in order to understand what that means,
we have to understand the word:
0:01:20.660,0:01:21.620
Federalism
0:01:21.620,0:01:24.540
And that's a really big word on the exam in this course.
0:01:24.540,0:01:26.540
You have to know what federalism is.
0:01:26.540,0:01:31.080
If you don't know what federalism is come exam time, you probably should play sick.
0:01:31.080,0:01:35.820
You should probably get like a cold or the flu.
Don't go.
Because you need to know that word.
0:01:35.820,0:01:40.600
So, federalism is our form of government
(as I sneak over here for a second) right?
0:01:40.600,0:01:49.880
And basically, the concept is that,
under colonialism or the colonial era,
the United States - the Americans - the colonists, right?
0:01:49.880,0:01:54.040
really had kind of like
a bad view of what government was
0:01:54.040,0:02:01.300
because of the abuses that - you know - the King of England and the English government had kind of done to the Americas.
0:02:01.300,0:02:05.400
It depends on how you look at it but:
no taxation without representation
0:02:05.400,0:02:08.620
and the denial of some natural rights
0:02:08.620,0:02:13.220
consent of the governed...
you know - we really didn't like government.
0:02:13.220,0:02:19.800
So, in the analogy that I use when I teach that is with Ike and Tina Turner.
0:02:19.800,0:02:25.120
Tina Turner being the colonist
and Ike being the abusive - you know - kind of King of England,
0:02:25.120,0:02:28.540
and that eventually what does Tina do?
She grows up, right?
0:02:28.540,0:02:31.780
She reads 'Common Sense'
and she decides:
'I'm out of here'.
0:02:31.780,0:02:38.920
So now that she's out of here - that's 1776 - obviously, she has to fight her way out in the Revolutionary War,
0:02:38.920,0:02:43.220
but she has to, now, form a new government, right?
0:02:43.220,0:02:46.340
In a sense, she has to kind of date a new guy.
0:02:46.340,0:02:53.920
So it's that idea in her head about men - you know - that 'men are abusive' or that 'government is abusive',
0:02:53.920,0:02:57.100
that makes her come up with a form of federalism.
0:02:57.100,0:03:01.700
Because, you see folks, Tina now has the power.
0:03:01.700,0:03:08.140
So. rather than handing all of that power over to some - you know - guy that we really don't know well,
0:03:08.140,0:03:10.600
she's going to - and here we go with the definition:
0:03:10.600,0:03:17.780
federalism is the division of power between:
the federal government (that new guy),
0:03:17.780,0:03:21.940
and then some just for Tina.
Tina's going to be the states in this analogy.
0:03:21.940,0:03:24.200
Let me do that in 1 big swoosh:
0:03:24.200,0:03:29.920
federalism is the division of power between:
the Feds
and the States.
0:03:29.920,0:03:36.000
So both of our Constitutions have had that theory or that in action of
federalism.
0:03:36.000,0:03:44.560
Today, we have - you know - rather powerful federal government, and - you know - we're not going to give viewpoints here - whether it's good or bad,
0:03:44.560,0:03:48.320
but throughout American history,
the federal government has grown in size,
0:03:48.320,0:03:55.000
and, y'know, the States still retain power:
marriage laws and schools, and, y'know, some of these issues.
0:03:55.000,0:04:02.560
But the federal government is definitely the authority figure in that relationship, under most aspects of what we would consider 'public policy'.
0:04:02.560,0:04:09.580
So, when Tina 1st gets her hands on the power,
she's going to form the Articles of...
0:04:09.580,0:04:10.780
You said it didn't ya?
0:04:10.780,0:04:12.640
The Articles of Confederation.
0:04:12.640,0:04:14.840
She's going to rip it like this:
0:04:14.840,0:04:21.660
Federalism is the division of power between the Feds...
0:04:21.660,0:04:23.720
and the States.
0:04:23.720,0:04:26.520
So, the Feds are incredibly weak
0:04:26.520,0:04:29.820
and now you know why - Tina doesn't like government.
0:04:29.820,0:04:34.800
She doesn't really
trust - you know - federal central authority.
0:04:34.800,0:04:40.020
So the colonists, when they write the
1st - you know - Articles of Confederation - the 1st Constitution,
0:04:40.020,0:04:45.220
they're going to delegate (give to) the federal government very limited power.
0:04:45.220,0:04:49.480
And the States,... are going to be like independent nations in a sense.
0:04:49.500,0:04:55.320
They're going to have...not all of the power, but most of the power that, today, we find in the federal government.
0:04:55.320,0:05:01.860
So, let's take a look at what I call:
the good, the bad and the ugly of the Articles of Confederation.
Part 2 of subtitles:
0:05:01.860,0:05:03.700
A little bit good.
0:05:03.700,0:05:05.100
A little bit more bad.
0:05:05.100,0:05:06.280
And a lot of ugly.
0:05:06.280,0:05:08.740
Let me go see if I can go find that right now.
0:05:12.120,0:05:13.780
So I found it!
0:05:13.780,0:05:16.980
I found the good
and I found the bad
and I found the ugly.
0:05:16.980,0:05:21.160
And as we dive into that,
let's just get some basic structure down.
0:05:21.160,0:05:23.780
There is a Federal government, you know?
0:05:23.780,0:05:27.800
We said that - you know - federalism is the division of power between the-
0:05:27.800,0:05:31.660
There is a little federal government.
There's a big State governments going on,
0:05:31.660,0:05:33.100
but there *is* a federal government.
0:05:33.100,0:05:36.660
So, we need to look at the structure of that federal government.
0:05:36.660,0:05:39.220
Basically, there is 1 branch of government.
0:05:39.220,0:05:43.460
Today, we have 3 branches - we have legislative, executive and judicial.
0:05:43.460,0:05:46.580
There's only the legislative under the Articles of Confederation.
0:05:46.580,0:05:49.540
There is a Congress with 13 members.
0:05:49.540,0:05:52.040
Guess what the 13 members represent?
0:05:52.040,0:05:54.740
Yeah! They represent the 13 States.
0:05:54.740,0:06:00.560
Every State - big - small - it doesn't matter,
gets an equal voice,
gets 1 vote in that government.
0:06:00.560,0:06:03.080
So, that's what it looks like.
0:06:03.080,0:06:04.920
So good, bad and ugly:
0:06:04.920,0:06:06.920
The 'good' is the law.
0:06:06.920,0:06:15.060
I only go over 1 because really there is only 1 fundamentally, really good law for the United States government passed under the Articles
0:06:15.060,0:06:18.840
and that is the
Northwest Ordinance of 1787.
0:06:18.840,0:06:22.620
And I'm going to explain why I said it like that in a second,
0:06:22.620,0:06:28.600
but basically, what this law does is it gives the federal government the ability to grow the nation.
0:06:28.600,0:06:36.480
It is a procedural law that basically sets up a formula for territories to join the United States and become States.
0:06:36.480,0:06:42.460
So, sometimes in class I've said it like:
'the uh oh mama can go get pregnant law'
0:06:42.460,0:06:47.180
[speaks with an accent:]
Mom go get pregnant. Oh Northwest Ordinance in 1787.
0:06:47.180,0:06:51.040
And you know that's kind of a strange vocabulary word that will pop up in the exam
0:06:51.040,0:06:55.340
and if you have a lot of facts stuffed in your head, sometimes it's hard to pull that 1 out,
0:06:55.340,0:06:59.240
but, generally, if you see that word and [with a strong accent Hughes says something like:] you seeing it like I see it,
0:06:59.240,0:07:02.440
you'll get that pregnancy visualization in your mind,
0:07:02.440,0:07:08.080
and then maybe the multiple-choice will start to kind of pop out that idea of the United States growing;
0:07:08.080,0:07:12.100
of the United States being able to eventually - you know - do 'Manifest Destiny'
0:07:12.100,0:07:16.760
through Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican War and all that other, y'know, stuff that comes later.
0:07:16.760,0:07:19.700
So, from United States' perspective, that's good.
0:07:19.700,0:07:26.140
Y'know, if you're a Native American or you're a Mexican, the Northwest Ordinance is probably not a good thing,
0:07:26.140,0:07:28.540
But let's move on from there.
0:07:28.540,0:07:30.020
Let's do the bad and the ugly.
0:07:30.020,0:07:40.880
The bad is the structure itself - kind of the rules of the Articles that really are going to hamper - handicap in a sense, the ability of the United States to go forward.
0:07:40.880,0:07:42.840
So, here are just a few of them:
0:07:42.840,0:07:46.500
Number 1. There's no President, right?
0:07:46.500,0:07:51.680
If the aliens come down from outer space and say 'Take me to your leader',
0:07:51.680,0:07:53.220
there is no leader.
0:07:53.220,0:07:54.860
There's no court system.
0:07:54.860,0:07:56.840
There's no ability to tax.
0:07:56.840,0:08:01.500
The federal government had to ask the States for money.
0:08:01.500,0:08:06.920
And in a sense, you know, the federal government really has an empty wallet.
0:08:06.920,0:08:09.760
It has a credit card with no credit on it, in the sense.
0:08:09.760,0:08:11.760
There is no army.
0:08:11.760,0:08:15.400
The army consisted of the....what today would be the National Guard,
0:08:15.400,0:08:19.480
but the 13 States had their own military.
0:08:20.400,0:08:22.800
There's no monetary system,
0:08:22.800,0:08:25.100
so there's no national money.
0:08:25.100,0:08:29.820
There's no ability to control interstate commerce, kind of, between the States.
0:08:29.820,0:08:32.960
Rhode Island, I think, had set up basically, its own tax system,
0:08:32.960,0:08:39.740
that if you wanted to sell goods in Rhode Island you had to pay Rhode Island money to do that from other States.
0:08:39.740,0:08:44.120
So, those are some of the bad structural aspects.
0:08:44.120,0:08:51.460
In terms of passing laws, remember there were only 13 members in Congress - 13 States.
0:08:51.460,0:08:54.480
You needed 9 out of 13 to pass a law.
0:08:54.480,0:09:00.820
So, that's what's called a 'supermajority' - it's hard enough to get 51% - you know - to do *anything*
0:09:00.820,0:09:08.320
so to get 9 out of 13 made it very difficult to pass laws - you know - to change the Articles of Confederation.
0:09:08.320,0:09:12.820
Let's say they had a realization:
'ohh man! That's messed up! We have to change that!'
0:09:12.820,0:09:15.600
You needed all 13!
0:09:15.600,0:09:17.520
So that's going to be a problem.
0:09:17.520,0:09:25.080
And we're going to find out - you know - through the Annapolis Convention, that eventually we're not going to be able to get 13 to agree to change *anything*
0:09:25.080,0:09:29.120
which is going to ultimately destroy the Articles of Confederation.
0:09:29.120,0:09:31.240
So, kind of, that's the good and the bad.
0:09:31.240,0:09:34.740
You know 'ohhh mama get pregnant Northwest Ordinance of 1787'
0:09:34.740,0:09:37.580
The inflexibility of the Articles.
0:09:37.580,0:09:39.320
9 out of 13 to pass a law,
0:09:39.320,0:09:47.380
but more importantly, 13 out of 13 states to agree to change that baby,
which makes it completely inflexible.
0:09:47.380,0:09:50.500
You really can't - you know - move forward and change things.
0:09:50.500,0:09:54.080
And - you know - the structural aspect itself - the idea that
0:09:54.080,0:09:54.960
there's no President;
0:09:54.960,0:09:56.140
there's no President;
there's no tax system;
0:09:56.140,0:09:56.980
there's no President;
there's no tax system;
there's no court;
0:09:56.980,0:09:58.040
there's no President;
there's no tax system;
there's no court;
there's no military;
0:09:58.040,0:09:59.490
there's no President;
there's no tax system;
there's no court;
there's no military;
there's no paper money.
0:09:59.490,0:10:03.200
It's all going to make it for, kind of, a bad scene later on.
Part 3 of subtitles:
0:10:03.200,0:10:06.600
So let me go get the ugly
and then we're going to be done.
0:10:06.900,0:10:11.660
Ugly!
It's ugly, where are you?
0:10:12.480,0:10:15.640
Argghghhhh!
Argghghhhh!
0:10:17.100,0:10:19.200
I found it! It's the ugly!
0:10:19.200,0:10:23.640
The ugly is in the idea of Shay's Rebellion.
0:10:24.060,0:10:29.920
Shay's Rebellion - many, many exams I've seen that on - in New York State, the Regents and other exams.
0:10:29.920,0:10:31.800
They want you to know Shay's Rebellion!
0:10:31.800,0:10:37.060
In a sense, Shay's Rebellion is really like kind of the match that's going to set those Articles on fire.
0:10:37.060,0:10:39.020
We've already put the wood down!
0:10:39.020,0:10:46.560
We put all of those kind of bad aspects and weak aspects and inflexible aspects of the Article - that's kind of like kindling with gas on it!
0:10:46.560,0:10:49.980
All you really need is a spark or something to light that afire.
0:10:49.980,0:10:51.360
And that was Shay's Rebellion.
0:10:51.360,0:10:56.740
In the State of Massachusetts,
Shay was a former Revolutionary War soldier,
0:10:56.740,0:10:58.760
and he was a little p***** o**.
0:10:58.760,0:11:04.740
He was a little upset that what he felt the government (Massachusetts) wasn't doing for him.
0:11:04.740,0:11:09.100
That he was paying taxes and he really didn't feel that he had proper representation.
0:11:09.100,0:11:12.720
That he felt he was owed debt from the Revolutionary War.
0:11:12.720,0:11:17.880
He really thought, in a sense, that the government wasn't doing well by him.
0:11:17.880,0:11:26.720
So, the Declaration teaches you that if the government isn't giving you - you know - your natural ri- protecting your natural rights, or is abusing its power,
0:11:26.720,0:11:33.400
that you should - you know - force it to change, whether that's through non-violence or maybe violence - the Revolutionary War.
0:11:33.400,0:11:40.100
So Shay and his band of followers basically march on the capital - basically demanding change,
0:11:40.100,0:11:46.160
demanding, y'know, representation - more representation and demanding some recourse to their debt problems.
0:11:46.160,0:11:52.360
So, the concept is that - you know - almost if you can be the Governor of Massachusetts and look out the window
0:11:52.360,0:11:58.840
and see this kind of angry mob coming towards you and you're kind of getting a little nervous - you think maybe this is it.
0:11:58.840,0:12:01.340
Maybe they're going to cut my head off!
0:12:01.340,0:12:04.140
So you grab the phone and who do you call?
0:12:04.140,0:12:05.520
You call your daddy.
0:12:05.520,0:12:07.120
You call the federal government.
0:12:07.120,0:12:12.580
You call the entity that is there to protect you and what do you hear on the other end?
0:12:12.580,0:12:17.100
Boop boop boop boop 1-800 Congress.
0:12:17.100,0:12:19.300
Uh oh!
0:12:19.300,0:12:21.080
They're not going to be able to help.
0:12:21.080,0:12:23.080
There's hardly anyone on the other end.
0:12:23.080,0:12:25.640
They have no army. They have no taxpayer power.
0:12:25.640,0:12:29.940
They'd asked the States for help to go help another State.
0:12:29.940,0:12:35.440
And it's not that Shay's Rebellion cuts heads off, and it's not that Shay's Rebellion is successful.
0:12:35.440,0:12:41.000
Eventually, they are - you know - captured and they are charged, and I think later some were pardoned maybe.
0:12:41.000,0:12:42.680
Maybe some were executed.
0:12:42.680,0:12:48.460
I'm not an expert on Shay's Rebellion but what I do know is that it scared the hell out of some people.
0:12:48.460,0:12:51.180
it scared the hell out of people like Alexander Hamilton,
0:12:51.180,0:12:55.740
and people that had power and land and money because this really represented:
0:12:55.740,0:13:03.500
the fear of a lot of property owners was that 'the day might be coming where they come for us'.
0:13:03.500,0:13:06.500
So we need a federal government with more power.
0:13:06.500,0:13:11.420
Hence, they wrote the Federalist Papers which are going to argue for a new Constitution.
0:13:11.420,0:13:14.000
So, that's the ugly - Shay's Rebellion.
0:13:14.000,0:13:17.400
Eventually, the States end up in Annapolis, Maryland at a meeting.
0:13:17.400,0:13:22.920
It's called 'the Annapolis Convention' - 'the Annapolis Meeting', where they try to scratch their heads and figure out: 'What are we going to do?'
0:13:22.920,0:13:28.020
So, they decide that they're really going to have to have a Convention to change this baby majorly.
0:13:28.020,0:13:32.160
Rhode Island, you you didn't even show up to the Annapolis Convention.
0:13:32.160,0:13:38.740
So, when you don't show up to the Constitutional Convention, and you need all 13 to be there to make any changes.
0:13:38.740,0:13:40.400
That's it.
0:13:40.400,0:13:43.420
Articles of Confederation, poof! Goodbye!
0:13:43.420,0:13:46.920
So, I hope that you learned something about the Articles of Confederation.
0:13:46.920,0:13:52.200
If you learned *anything*, hopefully, you know what federalism is and now you can say with me that:
0:13:52.200,0:13:57.760
the Articles of Confederation sucked because the Feds were too.....?
0:13:57.760,0:14:00.000
You did it! Good for ya.
0:14:00.000,0:14:03.720
All right guys. We'll see you in another video lecture - keep studying and er...
0:14:03.720,0:14:08.300
Good for you. See you later!
You do a very good job with these videos Mr. Hughes. I'm a current History major and even though I know the information in your videos, I still love to go over them. I would do history videos myself, but I am not that good with video editing.
I can appreciate the libertarian mindset, really. But in historical context u do understand, I hope that under the Articles, the US could not of: a) defeated the Nazis b) completed Manifest c) won WWI d) build the Hoover Dam or the Transcontinental Railroad e) explored outerspace f) helped to eradicate poverty not only here but in much of the world..I could go on forever. I also recognize the neagtives (imperial policies, Iraq, Native genocide, etc) but nothing is ever so black/white. its Grey.
Could not have
@kbuds1 yeah, we're of differing views on this one. But again, mad props.
Any relation to Gnome Chomsky? I recently hired the little guy for my new videos, he said he had no relatives though..... and thanks for the kudos, hope you subscribed and please dip into the reservoir of videos as need be and more important tell your friends, share my site on social sites and whisper it to random strangers so I can retire and just make videos all day so I can live like a gangster.
Thank you for the clarification. We need more teachers like you. My teacher rushes through the material.
Hey Mr. Hip, in my text book it says that the Congress was allowed to maintain an army and navy, to declare war and make peace with foreign countries, maintain a post office, and to mint coins? Did it have the power to and simply not? Or whaT?
You are the only reason why I'm passing my AP US History class! You are a blessing!!
I have a History test tomorrow, and the question is to define what is articles of confederation in three or more sentences. is there any way you can help me in answering this? :s
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States of America from 1776 to 1786. The AOC was created with a general distrust of political power, therefore the way it divides power is a lot different then we define Federalism today. Unlike today the abundance of power was kept to the states, almost like 13 little countries, the central government held very little power. Eventually its was this lack of Federal Power that would leave the young United States vulnerable to internal rebellions, such as Shay's Rebellion which led many to accept the need for new stronger Constitution.
How's that?
Perfect! Thank You! You are a great teacher!
well they suck on the multiple choice answer.
@mspacman94 Technically yes, the formal ratification occurred in 1781, the process itself began in 1776 during the revolutionary war. Peace.
My government teacher told us to watch this video for homework. This is the first time I have been glad I had done my homework.
Smart stuff right here. I may disagree however I am mandated to teach the curriculum so in this case you would be the revisionist. I am not saying you are necessarily wrong but it is the curriculum. Anyone propagating a viewpoint is in a sense a propagandist. I do challenge the idea though of where the articles would of brought us... is that road known? slavery? industrialization? winning WWII? commerce? the unknowns are plentiful. Whatever the reason or truth, I thank you for your 2 cents.
I’m starting law school and these lectures are helping me revive history i learned as a kid
You gotta love the learnin'
i dont wanna learn
Articles of Confederation did not fail & is alive & well today...the 4 Organic laws of the united states of America are in chronological order, The Declaration of Independence, The Articles of Confederation, The Northwest Ordinance, The U.S. Constitution... 6:11
This dude should be a professor if he isn't already.... He's definitely breaking this information down in very simple terms...
The states should be independent nations. and the government should be the one who creates safe trade and nothing more.
You got it! I'll tell you what, come back everyday or every other day, ok every once in a while and click on one of the videos in the US History playlist and I shall be your teacher! So far you have an A+
Super great content! might I suggest getting a lav microphone?.. Better audio will take it from a 8 to a ten..
Hi Mrs. Robello!
You don't understand how much you helped me! Your awesome, keep up your funny videos !!!
Sure thing. As long as you keep watching.
Hi. I am a social studies teacher (Govt., Criminal Justice and Anthro). I would have liked to have used this video in my classroom, but had second thoughts after listening. . . Not that I am in the least bit offended, but I was a little disappointed by your word choices. Expressions like, The A of C "sucked," and Shay's Rebellion "scared the hell out of," and "Mama go get pregnant," are not comments I would want my students to repeat in an essay. Great concept, though! Thanks.
He made it funny and used word association. If you teach Crim Just, I think they can handle it since they will deal with the dredges of society...
Good Day Hip Hughes.Please help me answer the question in regards to African Americans still not actually being citizens under the Constitution? I am in a debate and they are saying Blacks are still slaves according to the Constitution? They are saying the Dred Scott Case proved it and was actually never changed.Please Help Answer
Are you asking if African Americans are STILL slaves under the Constitution? I can answer that: NO! Who the hell told you that? You need to ignore idiots like that. Anyone who believes that African Americans are still slaves is dumbass unworthy of your time and attention.
This has helped me out a lot. Keep up the good work.
Read the Federalist papers, the fear of factions is all over those babies. You may be right with intentions, but that was the reason laid out.
thank you for putting it in simple words. my u.s history teacher just did too much and i understood it but need something more simple like this. can you do the battle and defeat of long island?
Woah, you had me reading to the enslavement part. Jefferson himself broke the Constitution w/ the L Purchase. I believe the Constitution has both ying and yang, aspects of limits and flexibility, and that its limited democracy is a mechanism to manage that balance. Im sorry you feel enslaved. Mad respect but we aren't going to agree on the fundamental role of gov. But we still get to be friends!
Thanks. Sorry about Nativism and your execution at the height of the Red Scare. Our bad.
For some reason Ike Turner was in the front row or my high school graduation.
Midterms tomorrow and your vids definitely help!
came across this old vid while preparing for a test tmmrw, very helpful. thanks.
well chaos sometimes I have students who don't try very well so you helped me a lot too. (but mostly they do and I love all my kids, but not in a creepy way)
Good Evening HH, History was never my strong suit, although with the current discourse in the media, and everywhere, I find a need to learn more about the US History. Thank you, this is very helpful!
this was a great video! I have a midterm in a couple of hours and this may be an essay question and this video was great at explaining everything in detail.
*Power to you for doing these. Truly, power to you. =]*
Really cause Rhianna called me back and said that it was just the historical narrative of the birth of our nation so chill baby baby, chill. :)
amazing!! :) I really did learn.. I have a 1,000 paper due in one day(tmr) askingWhy did the U.S. government abandon the Articles of Confederation and replace with the U.S Constitution ? What did the opponents fear about the new Constitution and how did they had subverted the nations founding principles?" I can now answer the first question... thank you soooo much!!
Shay's rebellion does not sound like a justification of federalism, it sounds more like an indictment. It sounds like the revolutionary war was all well and good when the labor class was fighting on the side of rich American land owners for independence from England, but then they realized they were going to be the next in line under that concept, and they had to find a way to crush it.
10:12
Had me bursting out in laughter and got distracted when studying from home, thanks for the laugh, that’s made my day.
The irony about Shay's rebellion is that they( the regulators is what they called themselves) were the land owners, Although poor due to Massachusetts soil being poor for farming and were being taxed so heavily by the state of Massachusetts that they were being jailed and their property confiscated by the state. Also because the state Constitution had eligibility requirements to hold office and to vote based on high networth not property ownership which was the norm at the time (10,000 pounds for governor, 3,000 pounds for Senate, 300 pounds for house and 60 pounds to vote If I remember correctly, which was more then most would ever see at one time.) and the tax was a property tax. So the rich Boston merchants who owned very little property held most of the state offices and made the laws. The poor Western farmers, many of whom couldn't even vote, were being taxed without representation with anywhere from 60% to 90% (depending on the source) of the tax burden. Even more messed up the state required the taxes to be paid in hard currency which there was a shortage of and refused to accept state issued paper money so even those who could pay couldn't do so being unable to acquire silver or gold to pay it with. On top of this the state suspended Habius Corpus during the Rebellion which in my opinion is the height of tyranny and one of our most unalienable rights. Also the Rebellion was put down not with a Federal or State army but a private one paid for by some of the Boston Merchants. If that is freedom under the AOC then count me out. All forms of government are oppressive including anarchy. Some just more so than others.
The idea of the federal government not being able to issue currency sounds great to the most ardently anti-government. The reality is it would make interstate commerce impossibly difficult.
Daniel Ryan
Agreed. It would essentially prevent the existence of capitalism and cripple the economy allowing only local commerce. Without the availability of hard or other trusted currencies an economy simply can't function. I hate the Federal reserve and think the house of Reps need to take their power back but the problem with gold and silver is always availability of supply especially to sustain a growing economy and speculation on the markets that make its value unstable. In fact one of the contributing factors in the fall of Rome is they messed up and allowed to much of their gold and silver supply to leave the empire for trade imports caused by a famine in Egypt who's wheat crop usually paid the debt and it wrecked the economy.
Might add that Shay's Rebellion is, in my view, the ultimate argument AGAINST privatizing the military or police. Shay and his supporters were put down by an entirely private force-literally an army of hired guns, mercenaries. The most ardently anti-government argue that privatizing the military and law enforcement would save money and lessen government power-but it would mean putting MORE power into the hands of those who can afford to pay those mercenaries the most. This nebulous idea that "competition" would prevent any such situation from turning against the populace is pure idealism without any grounding in actual experience. I far prefer police and soldiers be public servants than be mercenaries
That ends being more of a warlord / anarchy form of government. I like a lot of libertarian ideas but government is necessary to protect the rights of all from the tyranny of the mob or wealthy few. It is a fine line between protection and oppression or as I think of it your right to live how you want stops when you try to tell me how to live my life. The main cause of Shay's rebellion was the power grab by the merchant elite through the states Constitution which was ratified during a winter so bad no delegate that lived further then 50 miles from Boston could make it. Mind they really couldn't wait long considering that was in the middle of the revolution. But does seem fishy. Also no one brings up (remember history is written by the victors) that the farmers and towns for years partitioned the legislature for years about the problems and need for reform but the legislature refused to even acknowledge them. It was only when their property was being forcibly taken did they revolt and even then it was peaceful. All they did was force the court's to close until the legislature agreed to hear their partitions. The private army I believe started the violence from what information I have found. One of the main responsibilities of our government is to protect private property rights without which there can be no free society.
On June 21, 1788 the current Constitution was "ratified" by the signature of the 9th state...YET, according to article XIII of the AoC, the AoC was a still standing document, and was not officially ended until the signature of the 13th state in...(drum roll please) May 29, 1790. Hence, the illegal ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Im watching this for my college class and lmao I use you for all my work THANKFUL for hip hughes
Thanks for the kudos and you are not alone. Presently you are one of 6,480 subscribers, I am hoping there potentially hundreds of thousands of you. Hpe you've subscribed and share the good word with all of your peeps. I dream of the day where I can just make videos and live life like a true UA-cam Edu Gangster.
Freedom is Chaos and Peace is slavery. I prefer the first one.
Im so stupid I still don’t get it
That's my point, that's should be up to the States, we don't need the Federal Government in the court system.
The articles of confederation did not fail. They are specifically referred to in article 6 which states that all debts and engagements entered into before the adoption of the constitution shall be valid as they were under the confederation.
OverTaxed42Long
And how does that show they didn't fail? All that states is that we won't ripoff our creditors so they will loan us more money in the future.
The states are individual nations. That is exactly the intent of the founders. This is seen when you look at how other countries are referred to as separate states. The federal gov't has only four duties they are lawfully allowed to operate under. The federal gov't has unlawfully broken those bounds and the people need to learn to take charge of these liars and creeps in gov't who think we serve them. They serve the people, period. Judges are NOT the ultimate arbiter of law. They only have opinions, not rulings. Rulings are what kings make, we kicked kings off the American continent long ago. Opinions are just that, an opinion. And that is what judges give. Opinions. They do not teach law in school because the ursurpers of the country do not want anyone in their separate class (separate classes of people is unconstitutional also) they live within and abuse the people from.
Okay then.Was Florida neutral after pearl harbor?
I wish you were my professor!!! thank you for this fun and informing video
thanks man i am a student in Georgia and this teachers suck at learning, I spend a hour in class and don't get noting and in 14 mins i got everything. NICE JOB!
This is a terrific lecture! 👏
You just earned a subscriber.
All praise history god Keith
He knows all and no one can talk like he can or teach like he can... that is all
Dude your channel is amazing. It has helped me study tremendously. You keep it engaging and educational. Thanks so much.
thanks for this
ALL THESE COMMENTS- THEY'RE SO POLITICAL AND SHIT.
language bud young kids present
I'm in advanced social studies and I have a big test tomorrow, this really helped me study..... although I didn't get "the articles of confederation sucked because the feds were to weak???"part
This was a good overview of what happened. However, I am just curious why you fail to mention the requisition and the speculation going on with bonds at the time. If anything, it seems that the framers liked a federal government more for its economic power rather than its political merits. It just seems that the Articles of Confederation ---with reforms--- would have been a better, but not immediate, solution to preserving the sovereignty of the "free citizens" right to vote rather than making congress more elitist and centralized. In this way, I believe the Constitution was a well thought out document, but am still on the fence when it comes to saying the Articles suck.
The problem with the kind of structure the Articles put in place is that it relied on the voluntary cooperation of all-and as the 9 out of 13 example shows, no one wanted to cooperate.
Tyler Kleinman
Also see Shay's rebellion.