R-2R Ladder DAC Explained (with Solved Example)
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- Опубліковано 15 вер 2024
- In this video, R-2R ladder type Digital to Analog Converter has been explained with a solved example.
By watching this video, you will learn the following topics:
0:23 Advantages of R-2R ladder DAC
1:58 Calculation of the output impedance of R-2R ladder Network
3:47 Calculation of the Output Voltage of 3 -bit R-2R ladder network
15:35 Solved Example
R-2R Ladder DAC
By using the R-2R ladder network this type of DAC is designed.
As this DAC is using only two types of the resistor (R and 2R), it has certain advantages over Binary Weighted Resistor DAC
Advantages of R-2R ladder DAC:
1) Uses only two values of Resistors
- Easy and accurate fabrication is possible
2) Easily scalable to any desired number of bits
3) Output impedance is R, regardless of the number of bits
Commercially this type of DAC is available starting from 6-bit to 20-bit.
In this video, the calculation of 3-bit DAC is explained in detail. And using the same method it is possible to find the output for n-bit DAC.
Check out the other useful videos related to ADC and DAC:
1. Introduction to ADC and DAC
• Introduction to ADC an...
2. Binary Weighted Resistor DAC
• Binary Weighted Resist...
3. Thevenin's Theorem
• Thevenin's Theorem Exp...
This video will be helpful to all the students or science and engineering in understanding the basics and the design of R-2R Ladder Type DAC.
#DAC
#R-2RLadderDAC
#DigitalToAnalogConverter
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The timestamps for the different topics covered in the video:
0:23 Advantages of R-2R ladder DAC
1:58 Calculation of the output impedance of R-2R ladder Network
3:47 Calculation of the Output Voltage of 3 -bit R-2R ladder network
15:35 Solved Example
I see you actually built the 3-bit ladder DAC and used it to process your audio too. Top work.
You, sir, made my day xDDDDD
🤣🤣
this is really good one
Much more than you did, "sir"
“What a snarky…”, listens to audio, damn it, totally agree!
U saved my subject..Basic Electronics...Back lagne se Bach gya...thank u 3000❤️❤️ times
thank god for those indians educators on youtube , bless you
Why ??? I'm simply curious . 😊
Everytime that im in trouble with some subject on Engineering, i always end up in youtube , and its always an indian guy teaching
exactly
@@krishnanunnipradeep4650 by the way he is indian himself 😂😂
Ohk by two methods u can solve it!
(Resolution)
1. Resolution = FSO/2^n -1 = -9. 84375/2^6 -1 = -0. 15625v
2. Resolution = k. Vref/2^n
(Here k= gain which is equal to -Rf/R =2kohm/1kohm =2)
Therefor
Resolution =( 2 * Vref) /2^n =( 2 * 5) /64 = 0.15625v
Got it?
Thank You, you have made things clear. I totally forgot about the gain when calculating the resolution using the Vref instead of the FSO.
If you keep the formulas aside, I think its the analog value of least significant bit. Correct me if I am wrong. From my understanding resolution is the least voltage that has to change to achieve the corresponding analog voltage.
@@mayankawasthi6839 in case of DACs resolution is the voltage that the output signal is incremented by, when the digital input changes by 1 unit....
For ex on going 101 to 110
The output analog signal would step up from its previous value (Vi) to Vi + Resolution or 1 LSB.
@@kushagraacharya4629 exactly i was trying to say the same. Thank you for the explanation. 🙂
@@mayankawasthi6839 yess....u were trying....hehe...but tumhe yaad kaise hai, paper toh ho gaya hoga abtk
This video was exactly what I needed, thank you so much!
Loved the video. My buddy Jacob did too and he is usually very picky! Keep up the solid work!
Bro in the example question you have done a mistake
At caluculating o/p voltage the order for binary is in reverse order , please check it .....
it is opposite while you summation for thevenins voltages binary order
Love you sir your time and dedication made my analog 💪 stronger love you sir 😍
Thank you for saving me time and frustration.
VERY GOOD LECTURES SIR ENJOYED THEM
THAT HELPED ME IN MECHATRONICS TOO
The audio in this is basically earrape meme content.
the audio amplified by a RC coupled multistage amplifier upto 100 db 😂
@@basedbarman😂😂😂
Do let me know the Resolution (in Volts) for the last example.
Yes, I will upload it soon. I have already posted the introductory video. And remaining videos on the different types of ADCs will be posted soon.
resolution is = -0.15625V
resolution=fullscale voltage/number of steps(2^n -1 ; n=number of bits)
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS resolution is 78mA
Resolution =1/2^6 (6 bit) =0.0156
Such that the reference given is 5v so 0.0156 × 5=78.125 mv
Please give ur feedback sir.
Yes
5v/(2^6)=0.078125(78 mA)
The volume bro - it's reminding me of the 'blare' memes (you know, the ones where the screen goes red and the volume goes UP lol)
All aside, the explanation works; R-2R type DAC is a nice adaptation
Thank you i understand it easily firstly I confused in this topic
Excellent 👌 as usual
It would be nice if you upload ADC topics such as Flash ADC, Successive approximation and integrating ADC
Yes, it will be covered in the upcoming videos.
Yeaaah we also need ADC types ....ur way of teaching is good n easy whaf i liked more about ur channel is in description u give all the information definition n time stage for specific topics
Actually, in the thenivin theorem,while calculating Rth,we will not include the resistor through the thenivin voltage is calculated,in the same here also we should include the resistor 2R,but we are including it and saying 2R//2R, how it's possible?
Sir why you have stopped gi thinking the brief description of the topic that you have taught in that particular video, I think it has helped many students and student too have appreciated it, so pls give the description of the topic in description section
Hi, well thanks for raising this point. I am still providing a description of the covered topic. But some topics are more sort of derivation type. (particularly the last couple of videos on BJT).
But yes I will continue to do that. And try to provide a more detailed description in the future.
Simply excellent! Thank you.
十分感谢，很详细。nice meet my requirement
Thanks for your Good Explanation Sir 😊
I am big fan of ur videos😉😘😘...pls do you post videos about Bus protocols..such as CAN ,I2C ,SPI , ETHERNET..
Once I finish a few videos on ADC and DAC, I will also make videos on these topics.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thank you bro😊
Absolutely wonderful explanation! Good job.
So the resolution should be |FSO| / (2^N-1) = (10Vx63)÷(64x63) = 10V/64 = 0.15625 V.
Isn't it 2^N-1 so 2^5??
@@ps9058 no, 1 is not exponential term
@@hemanthkumar2605 okay 👍
he really did explain it
I am confused that how Bo B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 values are taken because if Bo and B1 are grounded then then should not be 2 power 1 because first 0: 2 power zero and next zero 2 power 1 and next one is 2 power 2 and so on...
yes he made mistake
Beautiful explaination!!!! Thank you @allaboutelectronics!!!
Hello, where can I find voltage and current switches implementation? Thank You for your videos.
DAC resolution = 78mV, After the Amplification 156mV
Resolution=Full scale reference voltage/2n-1=-9.84375/63=0.15625(n=no.of bits=6)
Sir, at 14:05 the ladder circuit shown with inverting op amp where Vr-2r is applied on inverting terminal. So my query is that why we are not added one resistor R between Vr-2r and inverting terminal of op amp to prove the correctness of the written formula of Vo on the same timestamp.
Waiting for your reply sir
Further, Thank you for providing us these type of valuable and easy understandable videos 🙏
The thing is, there will be equivalent resistance (Thevenin's equivalent resistance) of the R-2R network at the inverting terminal. The equivalent resistance depends on the data input. Its value will in the multiple of R. I have also shown the same thing at the earlier part of the video using the example. That's why there is no need for additional resistor. I hope, it will clear your doubt. If you still have any doubt then let me know here.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS sorry sir but still thing not clear.
What you are saying is that, there should be additional resistor between ladder network and the opamp right ?? But actually the Thevenin's equivalent circuit will be there at the inverting terminal of the opamp. Which comprise of one voltage source and one resistor ( which is the multiple of R).
Just put some values in that equation and you will understand it.
I'm guessing the the type of current is AC in this circuit right? I have a school project where I have build a 3-bit R-2R circuit with Vref=1V, but I'm not sure what voltage the op amp is supposed to be amplified to (Vcc+/Vcc-)?
Kindly use the subscripts a little lower on the slide,so that we can view the whole content at a time!
at time 17:29 there is confusion between the LSB starts from left side of ladder or from right side of ladder network?
Also then which bit will have the status of Vref/64 , Vref/32... and so on
Resolution of R-2R DAC is given by
(Vref×Rf) ÷ (2^n×R) = (5×2×1000) ÷ (2^6×1000)
=5÷2^5
=0.15625
Resolution in volts
I lost where denominator of Vout is R, maybe that because he said overall impedance is r? but i don't get the overall impedance. anyway I grabbed on gasp of R-2R. thanks very much
Thank you sir very good explanation
Thank you sir
vielen dank !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 500 mal danke!!
As usual excellent video
thanks so much
Incredible teaching efforts but please improve your 🎤
thank youu so much sir
the electric ciruit is so simple to understand but when i tried this ob labotary i got some problem with conecting the swithch to this circuit
Plz also at last of video display conclusion
sir can you clarify what is the resulation for example sum I got -0.1091
God bless you :)
Sir after using superposition theorm and selecting one input at a time and grounding others can't we then we Kirchhoff's current laws to get vout???
Instead of Thevenin equivalent
Thanks
Yes, using that too we can find the voltage at each node.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS thank you sir
Tnq clear cut explanation
Best ..
Great content!
Nice !
Thks sir
Thank you so much sir!
thank you so much sir
Nice 👍✌️❣️
tysm for awesome content
here if we want to provide gain why do not we apply one more resister in inout side
Thank you for your help...
I think there should be one resistance between opamp and 2r
Nice explanation
nice class...
Very Good
Thankyou soo much sir👍
Did you record this with a walkie talkie? Geez
in 16:06 Does N mean the number of authorized B?
It is number of bits of DAC. In this case, since it is 6 bit DAC, so N = 6.
Sir, please explain the last step I didn't understand how to put values after submation sign
I understood now sir
Why cant we use one resistor at maximum current flow
How are the 2R when calculating the Rth in parallel ??
Would you please mention the timestamp where you are referring to in the video ?
I understood it well but got a doubt.. at 6:12 , when the portion of the circuit was redrawn, in that Vref should be drawn with opposite polarity....because in the original circuit the positive terminal is connected to the bottom terminal of the resistor...
No, It is alright. If you closely look once again, in the equivalent circuit, the Vef is connected to 2R. (Also see the left side circuit at the same time). The other terminal of that 2R resistor is connected to the remaining circuit (the node where we want to find the Thevenin's Equivalent circuit and the second 2R resistor), whose second terminal is grounded.
If you closely observe it you will get it.
I hope it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS , thank you.. I got it clarified.
i thought that equation for the last output was the formula for finding Vo for a weighted resistor DAC
probably a better question is why does the equation for Vo have -Rf/R when Rf is present but doesn't have that when there's a short circuit? Since a short circuit means Rf=0? Or is it just convention to use that equation when the output terminal is shorted with the negative input terminal
I think I get it now, (kinda) but please reply if you have a good way to understand it
Thank you
for better understanding please go through this video on the op-amp. It will help you.
ua-cam.com/video/uyOfonR_rEw/v-deo.html
good video
I have a project on this subject so I really need more help
I can help.
Skyrim dang
How can I design this DAC what kind of software can I use
loved it
Super 👌👌👌
Resolution=-0.15625V,is it crrct sir...
Do smartphone has ladder dac
thanks!
Is Vref series connected with all terminals? given that all digits are 1?
Yes, when all digits are 1, Vref is connected to all terminals.
Can any one explain me the 12.38 sumation of step 🙏🙏😒
Do smartphone dac has r2r dacs
Which Op-Amp did u use?
3:21 why are (R+R) & 2R Parallel but Not Series there?
The reason is we want to find the equivalent resistance between the one end of 2R resistor and the ground. I hope it will clear your doubt.
SIR, CAN I HAVE THE PDF NEED TO CREATE A REPORT
could I use images from this vedio in my university exercise? as explanation , with reference
yes but give credit
Why to find fso?
If inace given input is having points like 0111.00111
please Mr send for me
slide this video, R-2R
Resolution = Full scale op / (2^N-1) = -0.15626v
The resolution should be 0.1538 V
0.15625, thanks
We have given 101100 then we considered b0-1,b1-0 and so on...?
No, it is from the other side. B0 is the LSB. So, B0 = 0 (Right most Bit), Then B1 = 0, B2=1, B3 = 1 and so on.
Can you check again at 17:22 time, u put wrong values in formula. i think it should be 2^6+ 2^4+ 2^3
no, it is correct. If you see the expression, in the denominator, there is 2^(N- i).
Here N is 6. And B2, B3, and B5 are 1.
So, it will be 1/(2^(6-2)) + 1/(2^(6-3)) + 1/ (2^(6-5))
That is 1/2^4 + 1/2^3 + 1/2
I hope it will clear your doubt.
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS Oh yeah. I was confused in MSB and LSB.. thanks man
thankyou sir
@@ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
5/64 resolution assuming constant equal to1
what is the resolution of 3 bit R-2R DAC?
Unless you are specified the value of Rf (feedback resistor) and R, the resolution of n-bit R-2R DAC is Vref / 2^n . (Because you do not know the internal circuit as well as the value of resistor) But if you have been specifically given the values of R and Rf, (like the solved example at the later part of the video at 16:18), then you can use the equation given in the video. I hope, it will clear your doubt.
thank you sir it is very effective video to understand R-2R.I am student oh Çukurova university electric and electronic enginering. can I send our integrated circuit program .please check and give advise
Sir please please make a video on BJT...gate is coming soon 😭😭
Very soon I am going to start the new series on BJT. In fact, from next video onwards BJT will be covered.
Subtitles should remove, because the contents of circuit is not visible
You can turn off the subtitles manually in the video settings.