World's easiest oscillator! Introducing the CD40106
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- Опубліковано 9 лип 2024
- Dusting off the old Heathkit to play around with some oscillators based on the CD 40106 Hex Inverter IC. Take an inverter, add a resistor and a capacitor and you have an oscillator :)
For more on the LDR/LED coupling (vactrol) please watch this:
• SDIYClass#2 - The 3 do...
And if you need a buffer for that trianguloid wave, watch these:
• SDIY Class #3 - The De...
• SDIY Class #9 - Intro ...
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/ quincas
And to know more about my work as composer check out my website!
www.quincasmoreira.com/
Video and music produced and directed by Quincas
featuring some of my tracks from the UA-cam Audio Library:
ua-cam.com/users/audiolibrary...
Stay Noisy!
How did I not know this stuff existed 😭 I've dreamt of designing and building synths for years, but never realized how tangible it was until this year. 😩 Better late than never, I guess.
Now, is always a great time to start doing something fun.
You should become a teacher! You are very good at explaining and showing exactly what you are doing. Thanks for taking the time to share your knowledge!
The 40106 has been a major influence in my life. There are so many cool things you can do with them!
it´s truly a magic chip :)
Sharing knowledge is always appreciated , thank u man.
You have a great way of explaining everything. Great job! Keep making videos like these :)
The CD40106 is a great chip. Way back i used the CD4069 similarly. The whole CMOS CD4XXX family is a ton of fun. For any who isn't familiar, check out Stanely Lunetta, he built who synthesizers with CMOS.Using discrete FETs with CMOS is cool.
Thanks for the thorough walkthrough of this chip and yes, I am inspired to tinker with!
pretty awesome Quincas, thanks for sharing
My pleasure Hems!
555 - will do. Thanks for the speedy reply! I look forward to future articles.
thanks, love this kind of experiments!
Super cool, bro! Thanks for sharing this.
Great video, it helped me to add an lfo to a resonant filter i've built. Thank you so much.
I am new to DIY electronics, so I am always looking for information to help me understand how certain components are working. Your explanations are very clear and easy to understand for someone like me who doesn’t have a deep technical background. This is really cool to watch and now I want to get my hands on this IC. Thanks for the great video content. I’m looking forward to watching more.
Excellent presentation. Inspired!
This was amazing! Thanks a lot!
Nice video, Quincas!
so relaxing video! ❤
The 14069 (Also a similar hex inverter) was used in DR-110 cymbal / hat noise. And the similar TR-606 uses 14584 Schmidt trigger inverters. Good circuits to look at for inspiration.
Demag great info, thanks!
I've been using this chip after getting the Nic Collins book. Before then I'd built devices with the reverse avalanche from LMNC. I had no idea these chips had been used commercially on "proper" electronic instruments. Thanks for that.
Thank you so much for the clear explanation
Cool! Revisited this one. Thanks!
Great video - classic back to basics!
Indeed! Should have saved it for Throwback Thursday right? :)
Awesome, I'm gonna try this! Thanks
have fun!
Thank you, friend, for this video
Great stuff man!
Thanks!
how are you so good at this?
your simplicity is humbling
This is really cool
Great video dude
thanks!
Been studying this ic for a couple years and still love creating with it 🌌
You've been studying it for a couple of years? Man the data sheet isn't that long
You can study its uses and applications in experimental circuits forever!
Finally some more videos about the real simplest oscilator
Yeah! There are already a few but I figured I'd ad my take to the bunch :)
THANK YOU so much for this! i had so much trouble getting it to work and burned up 3 of them cuz i didn't know all those little details like grounding the inputs and ESD. Thank you!
Thank you for watching, have fun!
WOW! Heathkit's Analog & Digital Trainers got me going back in '82, during a two week hiatus from work adapting to my first hernia repair.
That is back before Laparoscopic techniques, I think, Butchers basically. ;-)
Boolean Algebra impressed me enough to incorporate it, or at least a reasonable facsimile, into my use of language, adapted toward Transformational Grammar, but this is where I shut-up about it, since I do not really understand any of it.
My first motherboard, back when a 386 MB cost nearly a grand, was destroyed by ESD due to the jackass sales buffoon doing me a huge favor walking it out of it ESD-Safe bag, on the flat of his palm like a pizza tray, from one side of the shop plainly visible behind their front counter about 15 feet to the bench.
With rubber soled shoes on a Nylon carpet.
I knew I should've said something when I 'heard' the "bzzzzzt" in my head, but no.
I just HSD to get it home straight-away, to torture myself, thinking I must've done some hook-up error, but no.
"It's Dead, Jim."
What is a dcent dual power supply these days?
For +15 to 18V & -15 to 18V?
Funny how Aliexpress has so many ads for the same models, ranging 3 to 1 in price for the same dang model.
So, I think for a PS I will buy local.
This Matrix Mixer using LM13700 OTA for VCA (old school, not the THAT brand I would choose today) since it has 'History'.
THANKS & be safe
somehow the Espressif ESP32 series of MCU got my 'juices' running again, so my prototyping bench isnearly equipped to get the matrix mixer out so I can hook my set of Eventide Factor boxes can be set free in various feedback looping patches.
take care
Wow thanx!! I’ll experiment and build a 3 lfos 3 osc combo for sure!!
have fun!
6 oscillator in one chip! That's like a whole system that could fit in 2HP 😄 Ordered a bunch of components. Gonna try it out! Thanks for yet another great tutorial
Not quite. Each oscillator will require another inverter to buffer its output to offset the effects of loading on the oscillator. So, in reality, it is 3 in one chip.
@@SpeccyMan could you explain how you would have three oscillators with a single output?
I have been building a module following in the path of Elliot Williams - Logic Noise series and also the MiaW project from Kristian Blasol, so this is great! I started following your channel maybe a couple of weeks ago and love it. My next project is building off of the 40106 and 4069UB to get a saw wave.
Cool! Kristian is a friend, I love his videos too. I'm going to check out the SAW wave converter and other ideas from Logic Noise too :)
Link - ua-cam.com/channels/S7eHPzS7nQlFFmb_RtTDTw.htmlvideos
Very cool. Looking into building a DIY modular for my Beringer Crave.
I used to use this kind of oscillator with the 4093 back in the early 80s.
Nice, I’m starting to experiment with this stuff. I watched the whole Casper Electronics videos on this as well.
Cool, have fun!
same here.. started off with "wtf is modular".. did some research .. now im with, "wtf is circuit design" lol
This is the coolest, thanks so much for making this video! I'm new at this, do I need to use a resistor along with the LED?
Nice!
Manuel Rodríguez Fernández thanks!
nice one
thanks!
Great video! Very informative and well presented. I like to use a capacitor on the oscillator output, then you can get different shape modulation waves without having to use a buffer. I also like to put a large capacitor over the power rails and you can get a nice pitch envelope by power cycling the circuit :)
Hey, these are great ideas! I'll try them for sure, thanks :) . Also try starving the chip. Add a pot as a voltage divider from power positive to the power input pin, some crazy madness happens :)
By “over the power rails” you mean, connect pin 14 and pin 7 with a capacitor, right? Also, what value of capacitor do you recommend? Pardon my ignorance, in this field - I’m trying to learn more about it. Thank you, in advance.
@@maxwarfield6699 Yes, across pins 14 and 7, use a large value such as 1000µf. Then you can try connecting and disconnecting power to the circuit, you should get an interesting pitch modulation :)
@@sonodrome I will try that. Thank you mate, cheers!
video maravilhoso
It sounds like the synth solo in “Lucky Man” by Emerson Lake, and Palmer
Brilliant - not a way of using this chip that I had thought of!
First thing, amazing video and thank you so much, second thing, what kind of speaker system/ sound treatment are you working with? The sound in your space is amazing
Amazing video Quincas! Conteudo muito bom, pra quem ta começando é de grande ajuda, obrigado! Achei a trilha de fundo muito boa (a que começa o video e vai até uns 5 min), procurei nas suas composições mas não encontrei. Ela está disponivel em alguma plataforma? Gostaria de compra-la
Abraço!
I'm pretty familiar with hex inverter oscillators, but usually I go for the 4069UBE's. Neat fresh take with a different chip in the 4000 series. Thanks for sharing!
thanks :)
The 4069 is not so well suited because of the lack of the schmitt trigger function.
@@Golkun1 It's actually because they're unbuffered, that you can use them very effectively for triangle cores. Also, it makes them a really good tiny package (with minimal glue components) for massive oscillatorbanks.
The inverters on this IC can cross-talk if you use them one after another. The better way is to use only 1, 3, 4 and 6 if you want clean results.
Thanks for the tip!
@@QuincasMoreira You're welcome! I've read this in #SynthDIY fb group.
thats mad bro
wow man thanks so much for the ESD tip. Imagine building a MFOS WSG and having half of it DOA so frustrating
glad to be of service :)
Hello! Loved your video. It is amazing that such a simple circuit can produce an audible frequency. Neat.
I have a question: In the schematics shown at 4:10, where is the capacitor discharging to when the inverter is "off"? Can't seem to find a way that the capacitor will discharge. Is there an implicit connection to ground that I am failing to spot?
Thanks that was super inspiring! Really simple and impressive :)
Would you mind explaining how you are using the fat capacitor to "smoothen the power"?
Hey thanks :)
It's just a reservoir, it's called power filtering. Just a large ish value electrolytic cap with positive connected to power positive and negative to ground right at the point where you power the circuit. Cleans up any ripple or variations from the source, makes it more stable and steady.
wow. I jave a bunch of 40106 lying around, might make some tests ;-)
Autodafe Samples & Sounds have fun!
hi , do you know how to make a cv input control for the 40106, ive built a baby 8 seq , but have not finde the way to control the oscilator properly , thank!
An elegantly simple basic circuit with great ideas for expansion! It's bound to get plugged into my Korg MS-20 sooner or later. But I have one question: how can you change not only the frequency but the duty cycle? I've been able to slow it down or speed it up by varying the capacitor, but the timing seems to be fixed at about three on / one off. I hope that makes sense. P.S.: The Heathkit trainer looks brand new! I hope you have lots of fun with it.
It would be complicated to adjust the pulse width with these simple oscillators. I would look into using 555 timer chips for that instead. Cheers!
In my quests for electronics knowledge and know how on the web, I’m often exposed to a few famous chips and circuits, especially in synth circuits: the Phase Detector and VCO of a 4046 and the elusive Wien Bridge Oscillator which uses a regular old light bulb for temperature compensation, as a thermistor?! That sentence just aroused a curiosity in me just now: what’s the difference / relationship between temperature compensation - and - phase detection?! I mean, they are both detecting something basically: the PLL is always looking out for that clock’s leading edge, while the light bulb thermistor is trying to normalize the temperature, it lights up when it gets too hot(?!). BTW that’s a beautiful old personal computer lab - synth station combo you’ve got there in the Heath kit! It reminds me that I have bitten off WAY MORE than I could chew regarding kits and electronics projects ever since I read about YOU in Ray Wilson’s book! I thought, ‘oh! That’s a really beautiful panel! What?! It’s a DIY effort?! Oh geez! I could really claim my music for my own and get my hands even closer still to this creative process if I could actually MAKE my synths!...’. It’s been almost six years now, and I’ve just had my first component actually explode right off of its PCB! Thank you for doing this stuff! It’s great!
right on, what a testimonial :)
Thanks a lot! (I don't know how to answer your question about thermistors :( )
The resistance of a light bulb filament increases as it gets hotter.
(Light bulbs self-regulate the current that flows through them. It starts high at switch-on, and drops as the filament heats up and its resistance increases, reaching a stable level of current, temperature, and resistance.)
background music is cool
I wondering if there is a simple dc offset circuit to put after the square out to make it a bipolar signal? However that might require a negative voltage supply to be used also? I’d like to make a simple module out of one these to have 6 simple LFOs or clock signals.
Just add a capacitor and the output is AC coupled :) . 10uf non polar in series from the output should work. If you do need an offset then yes, you'll need bipolar power and opamp circuits generating the offset
Synth Diy Guy thanks for the info!
Hi guys. Great video Quincas, thanks for share it!. I'm looking for some app to design and print the PCB of this circuit. There's somebody here who already made it?
Hey man, great video! already saw the brilliant videos from casperelectronics on this, but this one helped me understand it better yet! One question though, I just got into this kind of stuff and I don't have any other equipment, so I tried building my own little amp from a LM386. It works when I play some tracks from my phone through it, but when I try and connect my oscillators to it, it seems as though the two circuits kind of interact with each other, like the volume pot is messing with the pitch and I don't get a smooth volume curve.. any tips on how to decouple the circuits? tried a simple buffer circuit but that didn't seem to work for me.
It's fairly common for these simple diy circuits to interact when fed from the same power supply. Try using large bypass capacitors (100uf to 1000 uf electrolytics, + to positive power and - to negative) . where power is input to each circuit. That should stabilize things. Also a AC coupling cap at the oscillator output may help. Try a 10uf bipolar electrolytic cap in series with the output, before going into the volume pot.
@@QuincasMoreira Thanks for the tip! gonna try that right away
Really cool! This reminds me the Casper Elletronics videos!
Now, I've experimented a lot with these chips and I noticed a sublte difference in the time between the highs and lows. It seens that when it outputs highs it lasts a little bit more than the lows. Is that a way to use another potentiometer to adjust the time between highs and lows? I think this is PWM, but not sure
I think you're talking about the duty cycle! Pulse width right? I do not know of any easy way to change the duty cycle of the 40106 output, but it can be possible using either a 555 chip or an opamp comparator.
Link - ua-cam.com/users/bubagoovideos
For PWM use a second potentiometer in series with the main pitch pot.
Connect the *centre* pin² (wiper) of the PWM pot to the pitch pot that's connected to the chip's output.
Connect one *end* ¹ of the PWM pot through a diode to the capacitor + / chip input.
Connect the *other end* ³ of the PWM pot through another diode, also to the capacitor + / chip input.
The two diodes point in opposite directions, (reverse parallel.)
The capacitor *charges up* through the wiper², one side of the PWM pot¹, and one diode,
and the capacitor *discharges* through the other diode, other side of the PWM pot³, and then the wiper².
Chip Input
| Chip Output
|---|
I know nothing about Electronics, but I was able to follow more or less everything you said. great job!
Question: if I understand things correctly that one chip could technically be used to build 6 oscillators, correct?
Correct!
Its necessary a vactrol to make "fm" ? Or can i connect the out from one oscillator directly to one leg of the potentiometer? Nice video!
yes, you need a vactrol to affect the frequency with incoming voltage
Have you tried CD4584? Pin compatible to CD40106 with different hysteresis. Produce different sound colour.
NE555 is schmitt trigger too. Pin two connected to pin six as input. Pin three as output. Pin four and pin eight to positive rail and pin one to neutral.
You can modulate the frequency by variate voltage of pin five.
Thanks for the excellent tips!
That Heathkit Experimenter looks cool. How's the quality of the breadboard and can that component be replaced?
The breadboard is excellent, working fine after 40 years! It doesn't look like it can be replaced but maybe one can hack it ;)
thank you Quincas, this is great content. 40106 is fun! Im shure u already know it guys, but if you don't, check out the "logic noise" series on hackaday for some more fun.
pigo & pogo malescy great series!
I've never built a module but I 'd like to start , which basic one do you recommend?
David Pinto these: www.electro-smith.com/
Can’t quite tell from the angle of the camera, what the 10 micro Farad capacitor [on the 2nd oscillator ] is connected too. Is it connected from the output pin [#8] to the LED, or is it going from the input pin [#9] to ground? Please reply. I want to learn. Please make more videos and Thank you kindly
input to ground! The cap always goes there on this circuit, it's in the schematics!
@@QuincasMoreira Thank you, that helps me. You are too kind. Be safe, mate. Cheers!
muito bom! só uma pergunta: para que eu consiga resultados dentro de frequências audíveis, que valores de capacitores e potenciômetros (que são meu interesse) você sugere?
obrigado! pode usar cap de 100nf (104) e um pot de 1M em série com um resistor de 1k. Vai dar bom rango de frequências audíveis. :)
@@QuincasMoreira maravilha! obrigado demais pelos valores! e se me permite mais uma pergunta (que eu não entendo nada de eletrônica), para fazer FM eu poderia ligar diretamente a saída deste osc na entrada do próximo com o mesmo circuito?
Matheus Leston de nada! Não, pra fazer FM tem que usar o esquema de led/ldr que eu mostro nesse video. É só fazer os dois osciladores vibrarem em frequencias de audio.
Hi Quincas, great video! I’ve been experimenting with the 40106 and I’ve come up with a circuit that I really want to build as a eurorack module. Sadly, the chip runs on dc only, so I tried making a few full bridge rectifiers (some on stripboard and one that came as a kit with a pcb) and ran the +12v ac and ground from my eurorack bus, to the ac inputs on the rectifier and into the circuit, but they didn’t seem to work. Do you know what I might be doing wrong or how I could run this chip on a eurorack power supply? Thanks.
Hi Alfredo, thanks for your comment! The 40106 runs on 5 to 15v, so just feed it the straight 12v and 0V from your Eurorack into it! No need for rectifiers, just ignore the -12 and you're good to go.
Synth Diy Guy Hi Quincas, thanks for the reply! I thought the 40106 only ran on dc, whereas the eurorack power supply is ac. Are you certain this will work? I just don’t want to blow up my chips 😂
Alfredobean you are mistaken! Eurorack runs on bipolar DC! Some walwarts are AC but get rectified, filtered and regulated into the three DC rails: +12, -12 and 0v. Just take +12v and 0v and go to town.
Synth Diy Guy wow! I can’t believe I didn’t know. I better start building my module! Thanks for all the help :)
I *just* had this same misunderstanding and realization two days ago, reassuring to see someone else who shared that same confusion!
in australia I cant find this chip but I can find a 74C14 ? is it the same chip?
it's a Hex inverter as well, I'm pretty sure it will work the same :)
Yes it is. Also the 74HC14.
You can also use the 74AHC14.
This are a bit different as the trip voltage point is closer to 1/4th VCC instead of 1/2 VCC.
Check the data sheet as VCC is closer to 5V than the 4000 series.
redrok
Great video but maybe a touch of De-essing on mic would be good.
thanks!
thanks!
My square wave comes out a bit like a square superimposed over a triangle :0
Idk why lmao
Did it so successfully on the breadboard and now it’s won’t work at allll on strip board and I check it over so many times. Why would it have a difficult time translating. I can get power to pass through but not oscillate
Also thank you for teaching me it was so clear !!
Hard to know without being there with you! Maybe your cd40106 busted! They burn really easily from static electricity!
Thanks for your video.
Couldn't you just use one of the other inverters to buffer the triangle wave? No need for a seperate op-amp.
You possibly could but then you're doing so at the expense of an inverter. For people who want to have a 6 triangle oscillator module (or a mix between squares and triangles) the buffer is required
@@RileyGein if we stay with your example(6 oscillators) you can do this with 2 40106. How many Op-Amps would you need? 2 at a minimum, so you would save 1 device.
Pretty sure that would convert the triangle right back to a square. The normal outputs only flip high and low.
hello synth diy guy, so from what i just understood it's possible to have up to 6 lfo out of a CD40106, right?
Yes!
@@QuincasMoreira thanks! in case of prototyping a diy module based on 40106 would you suggest to use diodes an 10uF capacitors in order to filtes power? sorry but i'm not really skilled in electronics and i'm trying to not fry everything up (and not to kill myself in a dumb way).
I'm having an issue with the triangle output. It shares a connection to ground, so when I connect to my audio on my mixer it cancels out the signal...
You need to buffer it with an opamp
Also, it shouldn’t be connected to ground, it connects to the capacitor
@@QuincasMoreira oh yeah there is a capacitor before it hits ground. Its just strange because the triangle output works when I plug into my old mixer and guitar amp, but when I plug it into a high end pre-amp the triangle disappears. Its like its being cancelled out because its possibly going into a balanced input or something
Hello, I’m a novice in this field. At 15:30 you say you are going to turn the square wave into a triangle wave, with a red wire - what exactly did you do with it [it was off camera]. Please let me know, I want to learn. Thank you kindly
just take the output from the input pin of the iverter rather than the output pin! voila, trianguloidal wave! (a weak one that probably needs buffering though).
@@QuincasMoreira Thanks for replying but I still don’t understand “take the output from the input pin…” how is that even possible, and do what with it? Do you mean, take the end of the red wire that is connected to pin #2 [of the first inverter] disconnect it, then connect it to pin #1[of the first inverter] so, that I get an “output” from pin #1[even though it’s an input pin]? Please clarify, I’m still learning. Thanks again for replying
@@maxwarfield6699 yea that’s it exactly
@@QuincasMoreira Cool then. Thank you for your patience with me. Hey, I’m now subscribed to your channel. Cheers mate!
How does the square wave stay low on this circuit? When the schmitt trigger inverts to low, wouldn't the capacitor discharge through the resistor and therefore give us a voltage? Or can it discharge to ground because it is not polarized?
yes, and as it discharges, the Schmitt trigger inverts and outputs positive voltage which charges the cap again, that's the whole principle of how this oscillator oscillates!
@@QuincasMoreira maybe I need an explanation over time because between the Schmitt inverting to high and the capacitor discharging through the resister I don’t understand how the output ever hits 0v.
@@BeniRoseMusic the capacitor is on the input right? And the output is an inversion of the input. So when the cap discharges and the input hits 0, the output goes high and starts charging the cap. Once it's positive, the output flips again and starts discharging again, and so on forever. Hope this makes more sense :)
@@QuincasMoreira the cap is on the input but it’s also on the output through the resistor. It being on the output is how it gets charged through the resistor. When it charges the input goes high and the output goes low right? At this point where does the capacitor discharge? Isn’t the only place current can flow through the resistor to the output (thus no longer making the output 0v)?
@@BeniRoseMusic The nature of a schmitt trigger is to have 2 different trigger threshold voltages. So for 5V Vcc, if the input voltage rises and exceeds 2.9V the Output will switch. The same is in reverse order with a trigger voltage of 1.9V. So you have a threshold of 1V
Couldn't I build this easyly like a simple LFO or clocksignal. Am I right? I am new to synth building and electronics and not sure if my idea works.
Ah, Well, 30sec later, my questions are answered xD thanks for the nice video!
So, Chip ordered xD let's gooo
ua-cam.com/video/P4SwaI09Zxc/v-deo.html you can also use one of the six units as a buffer, no need for an extra device.
Without the 'not' circle, these are buffers.
Hello it will be possible for you to send me the wiring diagram?
Hi! it's in the video, just pause it!
Its bad practice to conect the potenciometer like that, the correct way to conect it like a reohstat (like u doing) its to conect the center tap to the "unused" pin.
yes, this would be good practice, because the resistance of the potentiometer wont get indefinite when the center tap looses contact.
I short both legs of the pot together, so it's the same
Noice
What is a maximum frequency i can generate with this, and also if i want to generate frequency of 300mhz what should I use?
for 300MHz use a quartz oscillator
it seems the easiest stuff but I'm already lost 😢
Make silicon chips sing for their breakfast
I send it to messager on facebook
Huh...ok...good.
)
You cant do it even easier without an ic