КОМЕНТАРІ •

  • @Trigger-xw9gq
    @Trigger-xw9gq 9 місяців тому +23

    Faith does not give you the answers; it just stops you asking the questions.

  • @johnburn8031
    @johnburn8031 9 місяців тому +53

    At least Joseph Smith got his "witnesses" to sign their names to his stories, unlike Paul!

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому +9

      Paul is not my favourite, John is... George is not bad, and Ringo is just goofy

    • @melindad180
      @melindad180 9 місяців тому +3

      Great point! 😂

    • @skateboardingjesus4006
      @skateboardingjesus4006 9 місяців тому +4

      I wonder how all 500 got to see and hear Jesus doing his zombie act?
      "What did he say"?
      "Blessed are the big noses".

    • @johnhunter5724
      @johnhunter5724 9 місяців тому +1

      @@skateboardingjesus4006 obviously it's not meant to be taken literally, he was talking about any facial appendage (or dairy product)

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +5

      @@marcdc6809 Hey! Ringo had the second most top ten (or is it forty?) hits after Paul - as a solo artist. The man deserves his due!

  • @condorboss3339
    @condorboss3339 9 місяців тому +22

    There are more than 500 people alive today who claim to have seen Elvis Presley live after August 16, 1977 - and you can actually meet and speak to those people.

  • @cygnusustus
    @cygnusustus 9 місяців тому +17

    500 ALLEGED witesses to ALLEGED Jesus' ALLEGED resurrection.

  • @MrMattSax
    @MrMattSax 9 місяців тому +11

    I flew the other day. 500 people saw it. What are there names? 500 people, bro. 500.

  • @kerishannon775
    @kerishannon775 9 місяців тому +19

    There have been at least 500 people who saw Elvis alive after his reported death. And some of them are still alive today!

    • @josephbelisle5792
      @josephbelisle5792 9 місяців тому +1

      I prayed to Elvis and he cured my small rash I had on my wrist. Praise Elvis. Or PElvis for short. You see! It is divine creation. Why would Elvis pivot his pelvis so much if it were not for the fact that you can combine Praise and Elvis to PElvis. See apologists, I can do it too. I have just shown to you Elvis's divinity. And so we shall make the toilet his divine and eternal symbol. He died on the toilet for our sins of being too stodgy.

    • @weldabar
      @weldabar 9 місяців тому

      That's not really a fair comparison because we actually have many of the names of people who saw Elvis, we have video evidence of them claiming that they did. We have none of that for the alleged 500 who allegedly saw Jesus. Elvis sightings are clearly more reliable.

    • @fepeerreview3150
      @fepeerreview3150 9 місяців тому

      Elvis is Lord! Glory Hallelujah, sister, put on those blue suede shoes and dance his glory!

    • @kerishannon775
      @kerishannon775 9 місяців тому

      @@josephbelisle5792 LMAO 😂

    • @madeirafonseca6383
      @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +1

      Elvis said eat a peanut butter and naner samich in remembrance of me.

  • @Paulogia
    @Paulogia 9 місяців тому +16

    You are truly the Master.

    • @InigoMontoya-
      @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +2

      You mean, "Mister."

    • @johnhunter5724
      @johnhunter5724 9 місяців тому +5

      @@InigoMontoya- or the Mister Master. Sorry but I couldn't pass up the opportunity for a Dr Who reference 🙂

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +2

      High praise from The Man himself!!! Hitch bless you!

  • @OneEyed_Jack
    @OneEyed_Jack 9 місяців тому +11

    "Interesting position you have there, Dale. Let me show you this counter-argument from a scholar you may recognize."
    😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
    Maybe the 500 winesses were listed in the original indictment, but it was filed under seal for their protection and we only got the redacted version.

  • @venenareligioest410
    @venenareligioest410 9 місяців тому +13

    Oh! That’ll be the resurrection, the major event in Christianity, that none of the apostles bothered to mention in detail 😂

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +11

      It's even worse! As I always say, this is the only event in the 13.8 billion years of our universe which has any genuine, lasting, meaning and purpose. And God couldn't even leave us with a single eye-witness account? Seriously? No makes God look more idiotic than the Christians.

    • @HarryNicNicholas
      @HarryNicNicholas 9 місяців тому +3

      @@misterdeity well to be fair the idea is to have "faith" - i keep pointing this out to religists who insist god is real, even god doesn't want them to know for sure, this is why testing the tea towel of turin is a waste of time, no one can provide any evidence god is real. god doesn't allow it. people who say they know god is real are kinda blaspheming, and severely reducing their chances of getting into heaven, we must save them.

    • @skepticusmaximus184
      @skepticusmaximus184 9 місяців тому +4

      ​@@HarryNicNicholasAnd it's not as if any of them would want to have their cake and eat it too. 😆

    • @venenareligioest410
      @venenareligioest410 9 місяців тому

      @@HarryNicNicholas It’s called FAITH because it’s not KNOWLEDGE 😂

  • @bengreen171
    @bengreen171 9 місяців тому +10

    I loved that slow reveal of Trump. It was so well played.

  • @thescoobymike
    @thescoobymike 9 місяців тому +7

    500 people saw Mr. Deity appear to them. They were unimpressed and he had to threaten them with smiting in order to get their full attention.

  • @madeirafonseca6383
    @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +9

    Fortunately, some of those 500 were vampires, and they're still alive to this day!

    • @skepticusmaximus184
      @skepticusmaximus184 9 місяців тому +1

      Vampires and werewolves were vary rare back then. Most of the monsters were zombies. At least they were leading Christ like -lives- deaths.

    • @pureflix8086
      @pureflix8086 9 місяців тому

      Im gonna call bullshirt: a vampire couldnt hold a cross, much less use holy water.
      You need to rethink on vampires!😐

  • @donsample1002
    @donsample1002 9 місяців тому +9

    Over 500 people have seen the risen Elvis, and some of them are still alive!

  • @kriegmesserdclxvi2833
    @kriegmesserdclxvi2833 9 місяців тому +6

    Your Honor, my friend Paul wrote this letter saying 500 witnesses saw me not killing the victim, so I move to dismiss the charges.

  • @tomhools1605
    @tomhools1605 9 місяців тому +8

    Why would Paul lie?
    Paul: "I walked on the 3rd heaven."

    • @valivali8104
      @valivali8104 9 місяців тому +3

      Since theists have seriously asked why people in bible would lie, I have to ask: you’re being sarcastic, right?

    • @matthewnitz8367
      @matthewnitz8367 9 місяців тому

      No no, it's much more believable then that, he just says he KNOWS a guy that was taken up to the third heaven. Wink wink.

  • @WayneRossi
    @WayneRossi 9 місяців тому +9

    I have a favorite thought experiment about this.
    You’re a Christian in Corinth. You spend a large sum of money and several weeks of your life to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. You sail in a ship, and once there you pay an interpreter- you don’t speak Aramaic and the locals mostly don’t speak Greek.
    You come to Jerusalem and you find a devout Christian brother who swears up and down that he was one of the 500. Over dinner (your treat of course) he regaled you with the story of the vision. And then he tells you the elaborate sob story about his sister, who’s been too sick to come, and needs a doctor. So of course you give him some sesterces to help the poor girl. You go about your trip, visiting the spots Jesus visited, and meeting a few other Christians.
    You go back to Corinth and you’ve done it! You confirmed the story. All the brothers and sisters rejoice. I mean, that man must’ve been honest, right? He told you exactly what you wanted to hear. And you even helped out someone less fortunate than you.
    There’s no chance, of course, that the man was lying. No devout person would deceive a brother in Christ like that. Would they?

    • @RustyWalker
      @RustyWalker 9 місяців тому

      And the fact that you hadn't checked the other 499 stories to make sure they were saying _the same thing_ never even occurs to you because you're so happy.
      1 of the stories seemed sincere, so all 500 must be sincere.
      And identical in detail. Nobody would've had different experiences and harmonised them after listening to each other, would they?
      Would they??

    • @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues
      @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues 9 місяців тому +2

      And you told everyone how impressed you were to find an honest shell game just entertaining tourists near the temple. And you knew it honest because even though you lost a few coins when you played there were other people in the crowd who did win. Amazing! Such a wonderful group of people living there!

    • @WayneRossi
      @WayneRossi 9 місяців тому

      @@HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues I like the way you think, clearly you have a future in Christian apologetics.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      paul would never do that he wanted the money for himself

  • @madeirafonseca6383
    @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +8

    "...some of them are still alive." He conveniently left out all 500 of their names, so we couldn't contact any of them to corroborate Pauls "story". Oh, I almost forgot, Paul also left out the names of his "traveling companions" on the road to Damascus. 🤔

    • @pauligrossinoz
      @pauligrossinoz 9 місяців тому +1

      Yeah ... you beat me to it!
      Paul's conversion story on the road to Damascus has exactly the same (lack of) corroboration as these supposed 500 resurrection witnesses. 🙄 It's really sus.
      _Anonymous witnesses are worthless witnesses._ Only an unreasonable person would cling to a belief based on anonymous witnesses.

    • @pureflix8086
      @pureflix8086 9 місяців тому +2

      His traveling partners were
      L
      S
      D
      ...thats all the info I have, just their first name initials. Do with it what you will.

    • @madeirafonseca6383
      @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +1

      @@pureflix8086LSD, that explains it; it was a "trip" to Damascus.

  • @moodyrick8503
    @moodyrick8503 9 місяців тому +10

    *Even the most intelligent believers ;*
    Logic, applied to every other aspect of life, gets pitched out the window when it comes to their preferred interpretation of Christianity.
    They say that _"love is blind",_ but this love for Jesus can also make some believers _deaf & dumb as well._

  • @Drudenfusz
    @Drudenfusz 9 місяців тому +11

    I am pretty sure that if I say that 500 people have seen Spider-Man in New York swinging around, that if you will go there and ask around, then you will find people who claim they have actually seen him. My point is, that even if people would have sought out these supposed eyewitnesses, they probably would have found some who would make themselves important by saying they are one of them.

    • @dwaneanderson8039
      @dwaneanderson8039 9 місяців тому +2

      "Did you see the risen Jesus?"
      "Yeah, yeah, I saw him. Buy me a drink and I'll tell ya all about it!"

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      @@dwaneanderson8039 "He was risen all right. Up on a cross and dead as a rock."

  • @pdoylemi
    @pdoylemi 9 місяців тому +14

    He did rise from the dead, lots of people are saying so. I saw one guy - a big man, a tough man, a fisherman who had never cried in his life and he came to me and he said, "Sir," he said with tears streaming down his face, "Sir, I saw the resurrected Jesus! He even waved at me!"

    • @InigoMontoya-
      @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +3

      Trumpsketeers claim he is the second coming of Christ, but he is the second coming of Paul the grifter.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +2

      That was so well done! Kudos!!!

    • @madeirafonseca6383
      @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +3

      Well heck, if he waved, that settles it.

    • @pdoylemi
      @pdoylemi 9 місяців тому +1

      @@misterdeity
      Thanks!

    • @pdoylemi
      @pdoylemi 9 місяців тому +1

      @@madeirafonseca6383
      You can't have better evidence than that! 😆

  • @johnhunter5724
    @johnhunter5724 9 місяців тому +11

    "No tradition yet of the women at the tomb" - how have I not heard of that one before, I mean it's obvious when you think about it. Thanks for another brilliant video Bri ❤

  • @UncleKennysPlace
    @UncleKennysPlace 9 місяців тому +8

    The total number of contemporaneous, first-person, eyewitness accounts of the seminal event that begat a major religion = zero.

  • @randylewis4242
    @randylewis4242 9 місяців тому +11

    More than 500 people have seen BigFoot and have written about it in multiple books . I guess they're real.

    • @josephbelisle5792
      @josephbelisle5792 9 місяців тому

      Funny, we have their names. You can look them up.

    • @InigoMontoya-
      @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +1

      You will be convinced if you read the books written by Bigfoot.

  • @brunozeigerts6379
    @brunozeigerts6379 9 місяців тому +6

    'Yes... there were 500 witnesses! I heard it from a friend who heard it from a friend...'

  • @jfxl1977
    @jfxl1977 9 місяців тому +7

    Loved the very appropriate fade-in of Trump! 🤣🤣🤣

  • @joshsheridan9511
    @joshsheridan9511 9 місяців тому +12

    When Christians bring up the 500 witnesses I simply ask for the names of 30 of them, and where can I read their eyewitness testimony.

    • @Egooist.
      @Egooist. 9 місяців тому +6

      1. There were Simon, Paul, Christina, Roberta, Maria, Steven, Uwe, Annegret, Aisha, Thor, Mohammad, Gabriela, Thomas, Tim, Ulysses, Julia, Jenny, Tammy, Ronald, Michaela, Stephanie, Madonna, Cher, Theresa, Britney, Logan, Justin, Joe, Josephus, Barbie, ...
      2. My dog ate their testimonies, I swear.
      3. Checkmate!

    • @joshsheridan9511
      @joshsheridan9511 9 місяців тому

      @@Egooist. 👏👏👏👏

    • @skepticusmaximus184
      @skepticusmaximus184 9 місяців тому +3

      Yet they hold their conviction like the 500 all signed sworn affidavits and a petition to have Paul testify to their existence, witness of the resurrection and foundation membership in the League Of Honest Saints.

    • @madeirafonseca6383
      @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +2

      @@Egooist.I was believing you until you said "Barbie". C'mon!

  • @dianarising7703
    @dianarising7703 9 місяців тому +7

    What was so special of JC was showing himself to exactly 500 people. Even numbers make stories so much more believeable.

    • @InigoMontoya-
      @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +3

      500 was the number of tickets sold. That's how we know the exact number.

    • @dianarising7703
      @dianarising7703 9 місяців тому +2

      @@InigoMontoya- Thank you. I didn't think of the tickets or website. And, Inigo Montoya would be an expert on numbers of things (especially 6 fingers), so I totally accept what you said.

    • @Wertbag99
      @Wertbag99 9 місяців тому +3

      Imagine the story said "it was 499 witnesses cos Dave popped off to the loo and missed it"

    • @dianarising7703
      @dianarising7703 9 місяців тому +1

      @@Wertbag99 LOL. The outhouse might have been quite a ways away. Give ole' Dave a break. They would have given him a terrible nickname.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      @@InigoMontoya- they sold 5000 tickets. it was a raffle.

  • @InigoMontoya-
    @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +6

    The Patterson-Gimlin Jesus footage that I saw looks suspiciously like a human dressed in a Jesus costume. I bet it's the same footage seen by the 500.

  • @skepticusmaximus184
    @skepticusmaximus184 9 місяців тому +7

    What a coincidence. There were also 500 witness to me dating my hot Girlfriend. You wouldn't have known them either, since they also went to a different school.

  • @johndemeritt3460
    @johndemeritt3460 9 місяців тому +6

    I LOVED the way you faded that mug shot in!

    • @HarryNicNicholas
      @HarryNicNicholas 9 місяців тому +1

      the one of the compulsive _and_ voluntary liar?

    • @johndemeritt3460
      @johndemeritt3460 9 місяців тому

      @@HarryNicNicholas, I hate to be pedantic, but aren't "compulsive" and "voluntary" contradictory when used to describe the same person? Unless, of course, you meant that he'd lie even if he weren't compelled to . . . .
      I can see that.

  • @azophi
    @azophi 9 місяців тому +7

    I believe some skeptics think Paul was telling the truth- or rather, he was not consciously lying.
    Nevertheless he did not personally know nearly any of the 500, and heard that claim from somewhere else 3rd hand etc

  • @Ugly_German_Truths
    @Ugly_German_Truths 9 місяців тому +3

    That argument about liars being "done" was brutal, but highly efficient...

  • @InigoMontoya-
    @InigoMontoya- 9 місяців тому +6

    "500 Witnesses" - the first draft of the Proclaimers song "500 Miles;" it just wasn't catchy enough.

  • @Cat_Woods
    @Cat_Woods 9 місяців тому +7

    Paul doesn't mention an empty tomb. I'm not convinced he did say "500" in the first place (see Carrier on possible accidental interpolation), but if he did, it could have been like Our Lady of Fatima - mass hysteria.

    • @user-gk9lg5sp4y
      @user-gk9lg5sp4y 9 місяців тому

      I try not to see Dick Carrier

    • @Cat_Woods
      @Cat_Woods 9 місяців тому

      @@user-gk9lg5sp4y Fallacious way to evaluate arguments of course.

    • @user-gk9lg5sp4y
      @user-gk9lg5sp4y 9 місяців тому

      @@Cat_Woods I don't fallate Carrier

    • @Cat_Woods
      @Cat_Woods 9 місяців тому

      @@user-gk9lg5sp4y Cute. Doesn't improve your argument.

    • @user-gk9lg5sp4y
      @user-gk9lg5sp4y 9 місяців тому

      @Cat_Woods I know, and I never made an argument.

  • @georgekatkins
    @georgekatkins 8 місяців тому +5

    And if somebody DID call Paul on this claim, would it appear in the New Testament? I'm sure Paul would want that objection noted, along with his refutation and proof of testament.

  • @robertjimenez5984
    @robertjimenez5984 9 місяців тому +11

    It’s curious when someone ask why would this person lie, when the person in the discussion admits that he has no problem lying if it was to bring people to his religion. Plus it’s curious that the number of people is 500. Did he count them or was this a meeting of 500. This is obvious not true.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому +3

      It's also revealing that Paul only made that claim once. If it was true, or even arguable, it would be all over his letters.

    • @canwelook
      @canwelook 7 місяців тому +1

      None of the gospels repeated the claim of 500 witnesses. Whoops?

    • @Specialeffecks
      @Specialeffecks 3 місяці тому

      A plausible scenario:
      A Gentile in a large crowd of people going about their day hears a man yell "Jesus!" as that man points to a person across the crowd walking away. The amazed Gentile asks the man, "you saw the God Zeus?" The man, a Spaniard, now pronouncing the name in the Gentile's native tongue quickly corrects him "no, I didn't say 'hey Zeus', I said Jesus”. "Jesus who", the Gentile asks. The Spainard replies, "of Nazareth." "Never met him" says the disappointed Gentile as he walks away.
      The Spaniard then decides to stop the crowd from leaving and to count how many of them saw Jesus. He lines them up and asks one-by-one, "Did you see Jesus?". Each gives their account and those who heard the Spaniard yell, provide similar answers "Yeah, someone yelled that they saw someone, so I guess he was here". That person is counted and given one of exactly 500 wrist bands the Spaniard had quickly fashioned out of all the available olive branches from a nearby tree.
      "Next", the Spaniard says as he continues counting, begging the busy people to stay and to be counted - until his supply of 500 wrist bands are given out, while remembering not to re-count anyone still wearing their wrist band.
      Many people surveyed who reported, “God must have been present” also were counted, having heard only the uncorrected shout “hey Zeus” - as it sounded in their native tongue. (Others were recounted having removed their first band to get a second free one, and/or changed their story to get the free band).
      The decimated olive tree died.

    • @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku
      @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku 8 днів тому +1

      ​@@canwelookBullseye! If that purported event was factual and significant enough to be included in 1 Cor., allegedly written around 53-55 AD, how telling (actually, damning!) is it that none of the canonical Gospels reference or allude to it, given that they were probably written some 20-40 years later? I find that quite troubling and it enhances my skepticism of the text's veracity.

    • @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku
      @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku 8 днів тому +1

      ​@@Specialeffecks😂😂😂

  • @YY4Me133
    @YY4Me133 9 місяців тому +3

    @4:00 "Hey, I'd really like to speak to some of these witnesses, the, the still-living ones, in particular." 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

    • @tonymoto1188
      @tonymoto1188 9 місяців тому +1

      You can speak to me, I'm Jesus. How you doing?

    • @DoctorZisIN
      @DoctorZisIN 9 місяців тому +3

      Hi, I was a believer once and I saw Jesus appear in the clouds coming to earth with legions of angels. A heavenly choir of hundreds of voices sounded in perfect harmony, rising in crescendo as the hosts of heaven descended upon the world. I had been raptured into the sky to witness this glorious moment and emotion swelled in my heart.
      Then I woke up and realized it was all my religious indoctrination plus gas from the beans I had eaten the night before.

  • @billirwin3558
    @billirwin3558 9 місяців тому +5

    Lets go through each witness statement one by one.
    Witness Statement #1: " ".
    Witness Statement #2: " ".
    Witness Statement #3: " ".
    ........Get the picture........
    That will definitely stand up in court.

  • @gregcampwriter
    @gregcampwriter 9 місяців тому +5

    Apologists are careful not to consider the possibility that Paul lied.
    People lie all the time. They witness resurrections not so often.

  • @davidfitnesstech
    @davidfitnesstech 9 місяців тому +5

    I never could understand how they knew there were 500.
    Did they sell tickets ?
    Did they have turnstiles ?
    Did they have everyone raise their hands and count off ?
    Did someone go around counting heads ?
    A sign-in sheet maybe ?
    To me it simply sounds like an *official sounding round number* that wasn't too high and wasn't too low to be somewhat believable.

  • @canwelook
    @canwelook 9 місяців тому +4

    Paul repeatedly said he wasn't lying. Methinks ...

  • @tallman2210
    @tallman2210 9 місяців тому +7

    Paul's 500 were just like your friend's girlfriend who you never met because she went to a different school.

  • @kellydalstok8900
    @kellydalstok8900 9 місяців тому +5

    Maybe there were Jesus-impersonators like there are Elvis-impersonators these days, and the stadium held 500 people and that’s how they know how many there were.

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому +1

      it actually sounds so probable, an entire religion with a vatican and an inquisition all stammed from one guy deciding to pull a prank by smearing some blood on his hands, feet and belly and roam the streets like that shouting 'it's me, jesus, I'm back'...

  • @parkjammer
    @parkjammer 9 місяців тому +9

    There were a claimed 500 observers of Jeebus. Or... 687.25 Canadian observers using the current exchange rate.

    • @IAmAlgolei
      @IAmAlgolei 9 місяців тому +1

      Are you converting from American or Judean?

  • @EastSider48215
    @EastSider48215 9 місяців тому +6

    Well, if Paul said it, it must be true.
    Or not.
    Could go either way.

  • @1953bassman
    @1953bassman 9 місяців тому +4

    People in ancient times had no problem stating such claims. They had different standards for what "truth" meant compared to us today. We are accustomed to having things verified based on evidence. Our criminal justice system expects accounts of happenings to be verifiable. And we have reliable instruments to measure things.
    Not so in ancient times. No one expected a person to provide evidence and there were no expectations of accuracy or precision. And they thought nothing of exaggerating to make a point. To ancients, big numbers carried weight so they would attach bigger and bigger values and numbers to win their audiences over. Consider the genealogies in Genesis. Some of those men were 900 years old. Now that is an important guy!

    • @francesconicoletti2547
      @francesconicoletti2547 7 місяців тому

      Except the people who got the earth diameter right to a few percent, tried to predict the positions of planets in the night sky sky, tried to estimate how high the Nile would rise, invented history by intervening people who had been in the wars and battles.
      The genealogies you cite are from the Pentateuch probably written 600 to 1000 bce , Paul’s letter is likely around 80ce , the ancient times are not a thing. One is quoting ancient Babylon Mythology of a Golden Age where men were immortal or nearly so the other , yes there could be some numerological significance like the 12 apostles, but that makes is less likely not more .

  • @tobiesteenkamp4769
    @tobiesteenkamp4769 9 місяців тому +4

    "Or maybe there was no tradition of the woman at the tomb, ... not, not yet."
    Now those words should be in the gospels!!! lol

  • @whoviating
    @whoviating 9 місяців тому +4

    The simplest explanation it seems to me, is that Paul was relaying what he'd heard. Which means it has no more veracity, no more claim to accuracy, than any other urban legend.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому +1

      a simpler explanation is that he made it up. paul was known to tell a whopper or two.

  • @Maryfs1
    @Maryfs1 9 місяців тому +11

    500 people say that I'm handsome, famous, and good at the sex! You know it's true because this UA-cam comment says it is!

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +1

      That’s some of the best self-promotion I’ve ever seen!

    • @reformCopyright
      @reformCopyright 2 місяці тому +2

      Hey, you're not Sir Sic!

    • @Maryfs1
      @Maryfs1 2 місяці тому

      @@reformCopyright 500 witnesses say I am! Is true because this comment says so!

  • @dyslexictroll8708
    @dyslexictroll8708 9 місяців тому +5

    You know Spider-man is real because if he wasn't real how could his picture appear in the Daily Bugle all the time. But what if the Daily Bugle photo shopped the image? Well, J. Jonah Jameson is the respected editor of the Daily Bugle. He wouldn't lie about that. He would lose his job if he were lying.

  • @MinaOmega
    @MinaOmega 9 місяців тому +2

    I looked at my screen while you went on and on about liars. Laughed hardily. I'm in a red state that just worships that toupeed tangerine. Of course, I can only listen to this when others aren't around. So it felt great to laugh out loud at that.
    Love you, man! Keep it up for me and others like myself.

  • @TorianTammas
    @TorianTammas 9 місяців тому +4

    Just make up a number like 666 and they have seen the invisible pink unicorn. So 666 witnesses for the flying, invisibke pink unicorn.

    • @liam3284
      @liam3284 9 місяців тому

      If invisible, surely it was not seen? Was it heard? inferred from dome other disturbance?

  • @Vegan_Ape_2018
    @Vegan_Ape_2018 9 місяців тому +3

    Did we question the witnesses of the witnesses? I'm sure the witnesses' witness knows what's up.

  • @marcdc6809
    @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому +4

    They saw him on a toast? that's an event we still witness today pretty often...
    I love the 'you wouldn't make this stuff up' argument... so profound... if I wouldn't have a favourite house in Hogwarts school of magic I would immediately agree that nobody has that much imagination... so it must be true...

    • @stylis666
      @stylis666 9 місяців тому +1

      And "I don't have any reason to think that [any of that] is a fictional statement."
      On top of that, I know of thousands of credible witnesses that have opinions about the houses in Hogwarts. They and the school and the wizards must be real, otherwise people wouldn't have such opinions.
      Slitherin FTW! Wait, that's the bad one, right. I went to a different school, so I didn't really pay much attention. I liked the wand waving and saying thing and magic happening. We had that in our college dorm a lot too.

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому

      @@stylis666 the sorting hat has the last word

  • @trevorlunn8442
    @trevorlunn8442 9 місяців тому +4

    It was only 250 *_male_* witnesses...
    The other 250 were their *_totally real_* girlfriends who no longer go to concubine school in Canaan but moved to Canada.

  • @CharlesPayet
    @CharlesPayet 9 місяців тому +2

    Love that fade-in of The Danger Mango as you talked about liars!

  • @mattfoley6082
    @mattfoley6082 9 місяців тому +4

    I know Dale is right because he has all those books behind him.

  • @ari1234a
    @ari1234a 9 місяців тому +6

    500 eh ?
    Why 500 why not 17400 or 34 or 519 ?
    Who counted them were children counted ?
    So many questions....

    • @Ugly_German_Truths
      @Ugly_German_Truths 9 місяців тому +3

      It was the first Witness batallion, 500 was their troop roster strength. ;)

  • @JamesRichardWiley
    @JamesRichardWiley 9 місяців тому +6

    Long, long ago a person named Paul, unknown to anyone outside the Bible, wrote "and he was seen by 500 witnesses", and that proves a godman who cannot die rose from the dead.
    The more I read St. Paul the less I trust the guy.

  • @findsharon
    @findsharon 9 місяців тому +3

    I'm waiting for someone to say "What's a Rolodex"?

  • @robsquared2
    @robsquared2 9 місяців тому +6

    501 people witnessed me beat Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson at chess, so therefore this is a more attested than Jesus's resurrection.

    • @Egooist.
      @Egooist. 9 місяців тому +1

      Impressive ... I guess ;-)

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому

      with a nickname like his you expect some skill at the game...

  • @radiofreeutah5328
    @radiofreeutah5328 9 місяців тому +5

    The 500 witnesses story sounds suspiciously similar to the time my friend told me about scoring with this super hot Canadian girl during summer vacation at his grandparent's farm in Idaho.
    As for your requested apologetic (sorry *excuse*) for Paul failing to include the women at the tomb as witnesses: Paul doesn't explicitly exclude them by saying his list is comprehensive.

    • @PrometheanRising
      @PrometheanRising 9 місяців тому +2

      I wouldn't have thought there would be 500 people in Idaho.

    • @stylis666
      @stylis666 9 місяців тому +2

      "I don't have any reason to think that that is a fictional statement" 😅😂

  • @skepticsinister
    @skepticsinister 9 місяців тому +15

    God is fiction in EVERY religion, culture, and language, everywhere, every second of every day, 365. Christianity is an absurdity.

    • @valivali8104
      @valivali8104 9 місяців тому +4

      How can any god exist when theists can’t define their gods without as much contradictions as married bachelor or circle with corners?

    • @josephbelisle5792
      @josephbelisle5792 9 місяців тому +4

      Don't hold back. Let it all out. 😂 The more you look the more absurd it becomes.

  • @clukinvar
    @clukinvar 9 місяців тому +5

    It always cracks me up when apologists say the gospels wouldn't say women found the empty tomb if it wasn't true because that would be embarrassing. They are women doing what was considered qt the time to be women's work. It would seem to me to be much more embarrassing for them if they said men were doing "women's work. "
    Also, I wish the giant talking cross from the gospel of Peter was canonical, because it would be hilarious hearing them try to justify that one.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +1

      Yeah, that would be amazingly fun. But if they’ll defend genocide, they’ll defend anything!

    • @matthewnitz8367
      @matthewnitz8367 9 місяців тому +1

      Oh, come on, giant talking cross is ridiculously easy to justify. "God is all powerful, why couldn't he make a giant talking cross proclaim Jesus death? Do you just summarily dismiss all miracles as impossible?" I truly see no difference between that and the talking donkey or Jesus walking through walls.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому +1

      we still have matt's zombies

  • @johnwho4794
    @johnwho4794 9 місяців тому +3

    500 witnesses? Or 500 people willing to partake in Chinese whispers? Or 500 imaginary friends? So many possibilities that no one can really know other than Paul himself.

  • @madeirafonseca6383
    @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +7

    Who counted the 500? Was it one of the prominant first century Accounting firms? Did the 500 stand perfectly still while they were being counted, or did they move around, possibly throwing off the count? Isn't it interesting how these "verification" numbers alway seen to be round numbers? If he said it was 527, it would be believable. 😆🤣😂😜

    • @Trigger-xw9gq
      @Trigger-xw9gq 9 місяців тому +3

      As George Carlin said about the commandments: "Because 10 sounds official"

  • @CharCanuck14
    @CharCanuck14 9 місяців тому +3

    Another great video Brian....... and you really make me laugh when you diss a Canadian (Keith).
    Cheers & hugs from your neighbour to the north

  • @user-gk9lg5sp4y
    @user-gk9lg5sp4y 9 місяців тому +4

    I heard the adulterous woman was taken to Heaven and back. At least there were reports of the Earth moving.

  • @stevewebber707
    @stevewebber707 9 місяців тому +9

    The 500 witnesses?
    You mean that reference Paul made to some story or creed he heard about and then repeated?
    It is strange to hear discussion of whether Paul is honest, when he is simply repeating a claim or story. You know, like all Christians do when speaking of the events in the bible. Or for that matter, like what happens in most of the bible itself.
    When I think of eyewitness testimony, and it's value and verifiability, there are ways of details and substance that could be provided. The story of the 500 provides nothing useful. If the verifiability was relevant to Paul, why would he not provide important details to allow verification?
    It's almost like Paul took a story on faith. Like every other Christian does.
    It needs a "For the bible tells me so" jingle, with the addition that even the bible doesn't say anything of import on this subject.

    • @dwaneanderson8039
      @dwaneanderson8039 9 місяців тому +2

      Why do people give Paul the benefit of the doubt? How do we know he wasn't just a grifter lying for a living? He could've pulled that 500 story right out of his butt.

    • @matthewnitz8367
      @matthewnitz8367 9 місяців тому

      Yeah, it is always interesting to me how Christians always seem to think the original Christians couldn't POSSIBLY just be doing the same thing they are: believing stories told to them by people they can't possibly verify have access to the actual fact of the matter. I've had someone tell me that people wouldn't just believe someone rose from the dead because people told them it happened. I just said "it seems like Christians do".

    • @mattm8870
      @mattm8870 9 місяців тому

      @@dwaneanderson8039 actually it more than 500.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      paul just made it up. if it was a creed he heard it wouldn't include himself. it's just a bullshit list paul made up.

  • @brodie2711
    @brodie2711 9 місяців тому +5

    Just finished watching your early heads-up videos. Just fantastic as always. Thank you Brian

  • @louwclaassens4988
    @louwclaassens4988 9 місяців тому +2

    🤣🤣🤣🤣 You already had me at the watermark!!!

  • @theoutspokenhumanist
    @theoutspokenhumanist 9 місяців тому +5

    The problem with 'Christian scholars is the question begging fallacy. They begin with the assertion that God is real and Jesus is the saviour and their 'scholarship' is aimed at proving that assertion. This methodology is weak at best and at worst it is dishonest.

    • @madeirafonseca6383
      @madeirafonseca6383 9 місяців тому +2

      "Christian scholar" is an oxymoron.

    • @theoutspokenhumanist
      @theoutspokenhumanist 9 місяців тому +2

      @@madeirafonseca6383 It shouldn't be but you're right. When someone puts their beliefs before facts, how can they possibly be honest?

  • @laurajarrell6187
    @laurajarrell6187 9 місяців тому +2

    Mr.Deity, Brian, I saw these in my Gmail and don't think I commented correctly there but I always love to watch them here on UA-cam, too. (I know, should have said 'also', but 'UA-cam too' , couldn't resist!) So, lol, the 500 are about as believable as the numbers counted leaving Egypt, in Exodus! You know, for the 40 year hike on a 30 day trip to a spot, (only one practically, in the middle east with no oil, as Hitch pointed out!) that was, at that time, under Egyptian control, lol! As always, I love watching you, glad 'You are You!' (Close to 'I am that I am', teehee. I think Popeye might have said that, too!) 👍💙💝😘💙🥰✌

  • @rolandwatts3218
    @rolandwatts3218 9 місяців тому +3

    Indeed. I like the fellow. He is very honest.

  • @jimschmitz4848
    @jimschmitz4848 9 місяців тому +3

    A sterling endorsement, for sure. ... btw, loved the fade-in during the veracity critique..

  • @jobaecker9752
    @jobaecker9752 9 місяців тому +3

    "Let's go to the video tape..."

    • @istvansipos9940
      @istvansipos9940 4 місяці тому

      3+ decades after Jurassic Park? A video tape might be interesting. It would be pretty good evidence for a 9.54 seconds 100 m sprint done by jesus, for example. And a high quality video tape would be a bad joke, if we wanted to support any magical claim with it.

  • @scambammer6102
    @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому +7

    The "500 witnesses" is obviously just Paul padding the "evidence" for the rubes and adding "some of them are still alive" is an obvious ploy to gain credibility.
    I agree that Dale Allison is a nice guy and pretty reasonable, for a christian. I recently saw an interview with him ( I think on Mythvision) where he was asked what if christianity was just fiction, and he said, "then I will have wasted my whole life." That is a very revealing comment, and it applies to most biblical scholars. They have an emotional stake in supporting the bible that influences their scholarship.

    • @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku
      @LuisGonzalez-oy3ku 8 днів тому

      Well said. I, as a former, theologically conservative evangelical of over 45 years and presently reexamining said faith as a skeptic, respect Dr. Allison as the only authentic, Christian, New Testament scholar who critically, even by his own admission 'skeptically', engages the biblical text and willingly asks the controversial questions that most fundamentalists (layman, apologist AND scholar alike) either refuse or fail to ask. What I can't figure out is, why does Dr. Allison remain a Christian despite the manifold reasons for his skepticism? I think it's more about his religious heritage and his admittedly mystical experiences, e.g., he claims to have seen the spirits of departed loved ones and doesn't attribute that to hallucinations. Seems incongruous to me, given his otherwise rational skepticism. But, what do I know 😊?

  • @mattjohnston2
    @mattjohnston2 9 місяців тому +1

    That is seriously the single best endorsement that I think any apologist can get!

  • @HarryNicNicholas
    @HarryNicNicholas 9 місяців тому +4

    the question really is, in what way were they witnesses and to what?
    to my mind "eyewitness to the resurrection" means EXACTLY that, you would be in the tomb (!) with jesus when he stood up and demanded his coffee. NO ONE was witness to the resurrection, you can only say "resurrected".

    • @pauligrossinoz
      @pauligrossinoz 9 місяців тому

      I disagree.
      I would, quite reasonably, be convinced of a resurrection without seeing the actual event in the following special case:
      1. I knew the person very well.
      2. I knew that they were killed, like I saw them actually die.
      3. Then I got to speak with them, and interact with them physically, after their death, to check that they were really the same person I already knew.
      That's equivalent evidence of a resurrection.
      Of course Christianity fails at number 3. There are no eyewitnesses of the supposedly resurrected Jesus. The New Testament only has _anonymous narratives_ called the gospels. Calling those narratives Matthew, Mark, Luke and John doesn't mean that those people actually wrote those narratives.

  • @ddrse
    @ddrse 9 місяців тому +2

    I couldn't hold my breath any longer

    • @altosack
      @altosack 9 місяців тому

      I still am.

  • @Charron684
    @Charron684 9 місяців тому +4

    Would the claim that 500 people saw a crime be accepted as evidence to convict someone , i hope not

    • @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues
      @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues 9 місяців тому +1

      Depends- if you’re a minority in certain parts of the USA, you don’t need a claim of 500. Just 1 will do! 😮

    • @Charron684
      @Charron684 9 місяців тому

      @@HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues no mate its my claim that 500 people saw the crime but i didn't see it so would you convict a person on that i hope not

    • @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues
      @HoneyTone-TheSearchContinues 9 місяців тому

      @@Charron684 I know. My post was an off-topic sarcastic comment on the “justice” system here, not on gullibility of theists.

  • @c.guydubois8270
    @c.guydubois8270 9 місяців тому +3

    Thanks Bri Bri

  • @warrenburroughs3025
    @warrenburroughs3025 8 місяців тому +1

    That's a great use of the 'Big Band' loop from Logic Pro in the outro. I have to say, I don'g recognise the intro theme. It certainly has that ascending line James Bond vibe to it though.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 7 місяців тому

      The intro is the Mr. Deity theme in a minor key (written and performed by me), and done with the James Bond vibe because it was originally written for an episode that was very clandestine - the first meeting of Mr. D and Jesus. See: Mr. Deity on the Lamb. You'll get the longer version.

    • @warrenburroughs3025
      @warrenburroughs3025 7 місяців тому +1

      @@misterdeity I just checked it out, awesome video. Great theme tune, really good composition skills there Mr. D. Not to mention the comedic skills, you have a subscriber.

  • @zetectic7968
    @zetectic7968 9 місяців тому +4

    Was the 500 rounded up or down?

    • @nrellis666
      @nrellis666 9 місяців тому +3

      rounded up, from zero

    • @mattm8870
      @mattm8870 9 місяців тому

      Since it says more than 500 its down assuming that they actually existed and were counted.

  • @autonomouscollective2599
    @autonomouscollective2599 9 місяців тому +4

    Correct me if I’m wrong, but I think Paul’s story about the 500 was just a rumor he heard from someone else. Hard to believe anyone would take something so tenuous as a fact.

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому +1

      if Paul would be alive today he would claim he's Napoleon...

    • @marcdc6809
      @marcdc6809 9 місяців тому +1

      it gets even better, the exodus... never happened, they just made that up.

  • @itsROMPERS...
    @itsROMPERS... 9 місяців тому +2

    How many witnesses to the witnesses?

  • @moodyrick8503
    @moodyrick8503 9 місяців тому +6

    *Christian Bias : **_A Foundational Methodology_** ;*
    Always _making exceptions_ for their preferred interpretation of God.
    Exceptions they would never offer, to similar beliefs of other religions.

  • @c.a.t.732
    @c.a.t.732 9 місяців тому +4

    Is there any actual proof Jesus died on the cross? I don't remember reading anywhere in the Gospels or the writings of Paul about an autopsy. Maybe Jesus just passed out from the pain but later recovered. This would explain any later witnesses to his "resurrection". Sometimes the simplest explanation is the best... some guy named Occam famously had that insight one day while shaving.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      maybe the crucifixion was staged so jesus could appear later as "resurrected" and bilk the rubes

  • @PrometheanRising
    @PrometheanRising 9 місяців тому +3

    So is the creed saying that there are 500 witnesses, some of whom are still alive? Or is Paul editorializing on the creed? Very confusing.

    • @skepticusmaximus184
      @skepticusmaximus184 9 місяців тому +2

      I wondered that too. It's all very 'he said, he said, someone said, they said.' But why would THEY lie... whoever THEY are?

    • @Julian0101
      @Julian0101 9 місяців тому +2

      Or paul is referencing the creed he made before, and just happen to be citing himself at that moment, because that is how history works... right?

  • @seraeirian2
    @seraeirian2 2 місяці тому +1

    Isn't 500 the sequel to 300, which was also based on a graphic novel (some bibles have those cool illustrations).

  • @Andres64B
    @Andres64B 9 місяців тому +1

    I just don't understand how people can say that something that has literally only one source is somehow reliable.

  • @timlenord1
    @timlenord1 9 місяців тому +3

    Is that a serious question? Surely any logical person knows that they all wore T-shirts numbering 1-500.

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      I went to the resurrection and all I got was this T shirt

  • @jakerz0
    @jakerz0 9 місяців тому +3

    While “some are still living” being a later addition is certainly possible, it’s not necessary. Paul doesn’t mention the names of, claim to have met, or imply that the people he’s writing to *know* who those “still living” witnesses are. Who’s to say that the claim of 500 *and* the fact that some are still living aren’t just hearsay that Paul is repeating? There’s no need to assume that Paul would have applied any skeptical rigor to investigating the claims.

    • @mattm8870
      @mattm8870 9 місяців тому +1

      Its pretty clear it hearsay given the entire thing is prefaced with "what I received".

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      it's just bullshit paul was a liar. he flat out admitted he would lie to gain converts. "some are still alive" is an obvious embellishment to gain credibility.

  • @grapeshot
    @grapeshot 9 місяців тому +4

    Once again with the 500 witnesses sthis one of the favorite talking points of apologists. Still not convincing.

  • @elainejohnson6955
    @elainejohnson6955 9 місяців тому +5

    According to Christian arguements for the resurrection, Alice Cooper is a resurrected god! Night after night, Alice Cooper had his head cut off by a GUILLOTINE in front of about 20,000 people per night at his concerts.
    TRUE STORY: I was one of the people who actually saw it happen many years ago. My brother saw it happen the night before I did and asked me to go to see the concert the next day. He said he would pay for my ticket. He said he wanted to know if Alice Cooper showed up?! He wouldn't tell me why. Alice Cooper did show up the next day! Does this mean Alice Cooper was raised from the dead by God and was resurrected night after night?!? And, does it mean that we should religiously worship Alice Cooper? (Yes, he is one of the "metal gods!") When I checked the newspapers the day after I saw him get his head chopped off, they were not reporting his death and Alice Cooper is visibly STILL ALIVE!!!
    There are several UA-cam videos still online to this day of Alice Cooper having his head cut off throughout the years. You can verify this actually happened.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +6

      Welcome to my nightmare!

    • @elainejohnson6955
      @elainejohnson6955 9 місяців тому +1

      @@misterdeity Clever response using a song by Alice Cooper. Thanx for your quick wit!
      Oops, I accidentally (on purpose) forgot to tell you that many years later, I discovered a UA-cam video called "James Randi and Alice Cooper- Dragon*Con 2012" where you will laugh your head off learning about their collaboration in making magic happen!
      My former story that I told you was totally true though.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 9 місяців тому +1

      @@elainejohnson6955I never doubted it. Not for a second!

    • @scambammer6102
      @scambammer6102 9 місяців тому

      @@misterdeity
      For criminal acts and violence on the stage
      For bein' a brat, refusin' to act your age
      For all of the decent citizens you've enraged
      You can go to hell! - Alice Cooper

  • @itsROMPERS...
    @itsROMPERS... 9 місяців тому +5

    There are 12 hours, 12 months, and 12 apostles, what a weird coincidence. Why not 11 or 15 or 26?
    Were there only 12 openings?
    Seems so... MADE UP.

    • @Ugly_German_Truths
      @Ugly_German_Truths 9 місяців тому +1

      Like 40 days and 40 nights of "the Flood" (well the rain leading to the flood), 40 days of Jesus in the desert being seduced by Lucifer and 40 years of Israel in the desert..
      Or all the 7s appearing, and the 3s. And 3 sets of "ten" commandments, none of which actually only list 10 orders...
      Numerology was big in those days and religious texts made frequent use of "symbolic" numbers...

    • @93Current
      @93Current 9 місяців тому

      You'll be saying that there were 12 Tribes of Israel and 12 signs of the Zodiac next. Wow, you're going twelve to the dozen here.
      It's possible that Jesus wanted a football (soccer) team. He had 11 players, and a sub. Probably always left Judas Iscariot on the bench, although there was a time when pro footballers were known for physically kissing the guy that scored. I reckon Matthew was probably put in goal, although it was Jesus himself that was really good on crosses. In the city of Liverpool in the UK they say that if someone asked what they would do if Jesus came this Saturday, they would reply, "We would just have to play Mo Salah at number 8". (Apologies if you're American)

  • @francesconicoletti2547
    @francesconicoletti2547 7 місяців тому +3

    A man whose witness to Jesus was getting blinded and falling off a horse and the hearing Jesus speak writes that a lot of other people ( let’s take 500 as poetry for a lot ) have also witnessed Jesus. If we believe every word of that, I don’t think I’m going to think Jesus is risen.

    • @misterdeity
      @misterdeity 7 місяців тому +5

      Maybe the blinding was proof of his excessive masturbation?

    • @francesconicoletti2547
      @francesconicoletti2547 7 місяців тому +2

      @@misterdeity it would have to be quite a lot to start hearing voices as well.

    • @WWZenaDo
      @WWZenaDo 7 місяців тому

      Knowing the level of ineptitude in mathematics among most bible writers (like the "million" warriors called up by Ethiopian king Zerah - but he could only manage to supply them with 300 chariots), I suspect that the real number of so-called eyewitnesses was probably closer to 50 - or maybe even just 5 people.

  • @malemd
    @malemd 9 місяців тому +4

    Empty skeins of lies sir these religions

  • @stylis666
    @stylis666 9 місяців тому +3

    Robot voice in ad: "Are you paying too much for your surveillance subscription? This video surveillance camera is disrupting yada yada in the UK."
    Out of curiosity, adspace on Youyube is free? Or do nonsense products like that actually pay the bills?
    If I want an ofline camera of which I can record the images on my phone, laptop, or other device, I can just buy one at any electromic hardware store in the pas 4 decades, no. Or is now the whole world an Elon believer and forgetting that we had technology before the pandemic?

  • @dirtydish6642
    @dirtydish6642 9 місяців тому +5

    Based on this logic, Tupac Shakur is now my Lord and Savior.

    • @willsumnall3499
      @willsumnall3499 9 місяців тому

      That's blasphemy, the whole of the MAGA movement knows Trump is now you lord and saviour.