As an Alaskan, it’s super cool to see Alaskan birds and communities represented in a video from one of my favorite science education channels. Keep up the good work!
Here's a question I've always had. How do birds that stay year round in scandinavian countries, Russia, Canada, adjust to the drastic shift in daylight hours from almost none in winter, to almost the entire day in summer???
Obviously, the challenge is in the winter. Some birds can survive in the cold and dark so long as their food stays consistent - For example, some migratory birds (like hummingbirds and others) will skip migrating in cases where humans maintain feeders. Here's some more info about birds that winter in the North: www.allaboutbirds.org/news/how-do-birds-survive-the-winter/#
@@MinuteEarth one example of this is actually the Canada Goose. Historically, they'd migrate to follow their natural range, but these days, golf courses and parks are the same across the world
At least in Sweden, there has been a tradition for a long time to leave food for the year round birds during the winter. Back in the day it was bundles of wheat from the harvest. Nowadays, it is common to use bird feeders. People also put up special balls of bird feed in the trees. Why? Because people like seeing them. The robin in particular is heavily associated with winter and Christmas. Growing up, I actually got to see woodpeckers because of this.
I worked on a bird tracker a bit over 5 years ago and I can't believe we didn't know about tracking position through the light sensor. The gps was half the board and took nearly all the power. We even had the light data and lots more data points to improve accuracy as position was just 1 thing it tracked. tldr students know more about bird tracking than pros in did 5 years ago XD
It was only when I learned about the avian circular respiratory system and pneumatized skeleton that I realized how remarkably different they are from mammals.
well... that's because they aren't closely related to mammals at all. they literally are reptiles with feathers. like, crocodiles are more closely related to birds than to lizards and snakes. we just think of them as being different because they look and behave suuuuper differently from other reptiles... and so we thought they were their own thing until relatively recently. nowadays, if scientists are talking about what most people consider to be "reptiles", they will say "non-avian reptiles".
@@ianism3 Birds are literally NOT reptiles, at all. They are in fact dinosaurs that never went extinct. And *non-avian reptiles* isn't even a thing. It's *non-avian dinosaurs*
@@lordgarion514 birds technically speaking are reptiles. If squamates and archosaurs (crocodiles as well as birds) are to be considered “reptiles” birds must also be considered “reptiles”. But then again there isn’t really such thing as a a “reptile”
2 things came up after watching this video: 1. When birds migrate, what is the mortality rate? Like ships traveling across to the other side of the planet, not all make it to their destination. Birds have to navigate weather, man-made obstacles like planes/hunters, and I can't imagine the kind of stress physically a migration takes on a birds body. I just wonder how many don't finish the journey, and why. 2. I see birds darting in front of my car, even at 70 miles per hour. I would have liked to know more about their brains, reflexes, physiology, and reaction times. I wonder this because birds aren't like small animals or insects, that die to vehicles more often. Bird's visual and reactive reflexes far surpass any drone A.I. or technology to keep them alive, and easily avoid things.
Hiiii soon-to-be ornithologist here (one more semester woo!) The mortality rate of birds during migration can be pretty high depending on the species and ESPECIALLY age of the bird. The very young/inexperienced and the old/weaker birds are more at risk, and sometimes if they aren’t strong enough they don’t migrate at all (in some species at least). Not migrating also can decrease survival probability but mostly it has an impact on breeding success (no migrating=no nesting=lower evolutionary fitness=bad for a species/bloodline). Once a young bird is better at finding food and finding a safe migration route it’s survivability drastically increases. Other factors like storms or plane strikes etc affect this, but those are less consistent factors. For your second question, I don’t know a whole lot about this but in general bird strikes are very common (even by cars) people just don’t notice a lot of the time because they don’t make much of a literal impact. However, there are less strikes than there could be because, as far as my understanding of it goes, birds actually perceive time at a different rate than us! The world seems to move a lot slower around them than it does for us (same for dogs, but curiously it’s the reverse for cats!) Hope I helped! :)
@@maia3940 It's the bird brain and eyes. Birds, at least smaller insect eating birds in England, have been tested. Human eyes/brains are completely fooled by a movie with 24 frames per second (not that we would see 23), whereas the birds can see well over 100 frames per second, I forget the exact number.
@@maia3940 I frequently see small songbirds dead on roads, as well as ducks and pheasants. I actually saw a mallard hen get ran over by a lorry on the way to school and it was flapping around for awhile, traumatic stuff Pheasants usually get hit by cars because they’re raised in captivity and then released for shooting so they don’t know how to avoid cars
I have to say that I think it’s fantastic that you’ve had the idea to not only seek knowledge but drive to share that knowledge. I hope you all keep the love of knowledge and drive to make better the world you live in.
There is nothing as inspiring as the lust for knowledge and wisdom that comes from the minds of children. They just want to know, and they ask the questions that so many of us are so used to that we forget to actually learn the answers for real. Ask questions about your world the way a child would, and you'll learn something new every day
Curiosity and desire for knowledge has nothing to do with children. I think that's odd for an adult to not continually want to learn more about world around us
@@SoulDelSol many adults get stuck in struggle for daily life, and don't have the energy anymore to be curious. You need two conditions: A) a good work-life balance and B) no worries about the necessities of life
@@Blackadder75 i understand what you're saying. But i think about universe, time, space, relativity, evolution, microbes, subatomic particles, sensation, biology, consciousness, etc when I'm in shower before work, during my commute to work, and on lunch break. Assuming people shower and eat lunch they have time to be curious. It doesn't take more than a few minutes here and there whilst doing something else that needs to be done. For example if you're mowing your lawn you are free to think, if you're cleaning your home, if you're waiting in line at market, etc. None of that is someone who isn't also focused on necessities of life nor does it require balance (although that would be ideal). It's not self actualizing (top of hierarchy of needs) but rather just 2 minutes of quiet reflection. Everyone has 2 minutes. In fact I'm sure many of these people are spending a lot more than that drinking alcohol, on fb, or watching reality tv etc
woah woah woah You assume that you can tell me all I want to know about birds, especially without speaking bird? What a grand and intoxicating innocence.
Bird Fact! There's a bird that is native just to the Sierra Nevada called the mountain chickadee or Poeceli Gambeli and its amazing because its song sounds just like cheese burger
Are you sure its *exclusive* to there? Looking at the listed year round range they appear to have colonized a number of of the mountain systems through western North America well beyond the Sierra Nevada microplate. They are definitely amazing birds but don't count those dees short. :)
A bunch of Canada geese hang out in my yard during their migrations and for the last few years there’s one that’s really curious and comes up on the deck when I’m out there and will even take food out of my hand. I don’t know how it hasn’t learned that going up to random humans is an extremely bad idea. I wouldn’t hurt them but people are pretty uncool. I don’t feed it regularly when they are here but it’s been up with me a couple times this spring and fall when I was doing fish on the bbq and I gave it a little piece each time. It had already been coming onto the deck for a couple years by then so I don’t think it will become dependant.
My FAVORITE part about this episode is how it bumbles and rambles around and away Like, oh, it makes sense that birds need lots of air to fly, how does that woooooork??? Oh your gonnna tell me? Lets goooooooooooo OH AND your gonna talk about how the heart works in a bird???? I wasnt thinking about that, but I SURE AM NOW and OH OH OH Love it, cant wait till y'all do this for..... every topic.... ever
Here is an idea: 1- Find and capture a talking Meowth 2- Find and capture a Pidgey or Pidgeotto 3- Have the Meawth ask the Pidgey/Pidgeotto how their species migrate and have the Meawth tell you I mean I don't really get why we are paying this scientists when their work is so trivial
Ah interesting fact is that birds don't have hollow bones, in fact they have denser bones then other small animals such as mice. They need strong bones to deal with all the forces of flight, and a broken wing means almost certain death.
I heard somewhere that birds also use their bones to breathe, because they are hollow and thus can hold additional air like the air sacs. Is this true?
Yes it is! To be more precise in evolutionary terms birds and their extinct relatives evolved hollow bones by incorporating their systems of air sacs into their bones. This trait evolved at least 3 times independently within the dinosaurs and other dinosaur line archosaurs (i.e. the pterosaurs) In particular hollow bones evolved within pterosaurs sauropods and theropods respectively all from the same base one way respiratory system that serves as the defining characteristic of archosaurs. In the case of sauropods their fossils preserve evidence for some truly extensive systems of air sacs throughout their bodies and these were likely one of the critical reasons they were able to bypass the normal tetrapod size limit that constrains mammals and ornithischian dinosaurs. In otherwords dinosaurs could get huge in part because their bones were hollow and also because their ancestors had developed a unique lung valve morphology which causes convective air turbulence to create a unidirectional air flow which thanks to diffusion within the inflowing and outflowing air is much more effectively able to extract oxygen and expel carbon dioxide than the mammalian tidal pool lung can while also using less energy in the process. And yes Crocodilians the other extant group of archosaurs also have a 1 way respiratory system though they don't have the same kind of air sac systems birds have and dinosaur line archosaurs fossils show attachment and entry points for. In fact this trait appears to predate archosauria as other diapsid reptiles such as squamates(lizards and snakes) and turtles also share the monodirectional lungs putting this as a fairly early evolutionary adaptation. journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiol.00056.2014 And for an earlier but more publicly readable blog article svpow.com/2013/12/11/unidirectional-airflow-in-the-lungs-of-birds-crocs-and-now-monitor-lizards/ (This was published before work also showed monodirectional breathing in other diapsid reptiles) What is fascinating about the evolution of unidirectional breathing is that it helps explain the mystery of why mammals weren't able to compete for large body sizes is now thought to primarily be due to the difference in complex lung structure between synapsids and sauropsids. While in an oxygen rich environment they are both effective enough solutions during the late/end Permian extinction and subsequent Triassic where oxygen levels dropped this small relative inefficiency in oxygen intake and higher metabolic cost of needing separate inhalation and exhalation is likely what prevented mammals from competing for large body niches during the Mesozoic. Oxygen levels would rise and restabilize during the Jurassic after the break up of Pangaea but by then the mid sized and large bodied niches had already been thoroughly occupied. Still even now though the advantages of the diapsid lung are not negligible over mammals. Mammals probably make up most of the difference with our ability to chew which required reduction and loss of jaw bones with the added bonus that additional lost jaw bones could get repurposed for hearing.
Half-true. While bird bones are hollow (and filled with air), it’s not for breathing. Instead it’s more lot to make the bird less heavy and easier to take off.
This video was originally called something like "Everything we know about birds", and personally I think the new title fits in line with all the other explanation videos you guys have made, so why not just name it this in the first place?
Female bird drops eggs into nest. Male bird impregnates them. Not impregnated eggs don't give babies. Bees you gotta check somewhere but I'm pretty sure queen lays eggs too
Can you do a video about biological Systematics? What is it looked like twohundred years ago and now, when we have dna? were there any changes in the table with the new evidences? I don't know, maybe a bird in some group is now belong to a totally different group or something....
The birds at 12:30 are surprisingly chill about being held
As an Alaskan, it’s super cool to see Alaskan birds and communities represented in a video from one of my favorite science education channels. Keep up the good work!
Alaska is like Ireland
Birds are my favourite dinosaurs. They are beautiful, smart, entertaining, social, cute and some sing quite wonderful songs.
i ima
Birds are the most Beautiful Creatures of the Reptiles' Clade
Best archosaurs
avian dinosaurs
Here's a question I've always had. How do birds that stay year round in scandinavian countries, Russia, Canada, adjust to the drastic shift in daylight hours from almost none in winter, to almost the entire day in summer???
Obviously, the challenge is in the winter. Some birds can survive in the cold and dark so long as their food stays consistent - For example, some migratory birds (like hummingbirds and others) will skip migrating in cases where humans maintain feeders. Here's some more info about birds that winter in the North: www.allaboutbirds.org/news/how-do-birds-survive-the-winter/#
@@MinuteEarth one example of this is actually the Canada Goose. Historically, they'd migrate to follow their natural range, but these days, golf courses and parks are the same across the world
They live in the lakes
@@matthew8505 *hibernate at the bottom of lakes
At least in Sweden, there has been a tradition for a long time to leave food for the year round birds during the winter. Back in the day it was bundles of wheat from the harvest. Nowadays, it is common to use bird feeders. People also put up special balls of bird feed in the trees. Why? Because people like seeing them. The robin in particular is heavily associated with winter and Christmas.
Growing up, I actually got to see woodpeckers because of this.
Minute earth, I’ve watched your videos for years and I’m so happy and proud for how much your channel has grown.
Hello other chicken
Hello
Well done kids
???
So many likes with only 2 replies,so sad
*pat pat*
😭
Well done indeed
I worked on a bird tracker a bit over 5 years ago and I can't believe we didn't know about tracking position through the light sensor. The gps was half the board and took nearly all the power. We even had the light data and lots more data points to improve accuracy as position was just 1 thing it tracked.
tldr students know more about bird tracking than pros in did 5 years ago XD
It was only when I learned about the avian circular respiratory system and pneumatized skeleton that I realized how remarkably different they are from mammals.
Those are also reason why dinosaurs could grow so big.
well... that's because they aren't closely related to mammals at all. they literally are reptiles with feathers. like, crocodiles are more closely related to birds than to lizards and snakes.
we just think of them as being different because they look and behave suuuuper differently from other reptiles... and so we thought they were their own thing until relatively recently.
nowadays, if scientists are talking about what most people consider to be "reptiles", they will say "non-avian reptiles".
@@ianism3
Birds are literally NOT reptiles, at all.
They are in fact dinosaurs that never went extinct.
And *non-avian reptiles* isn't even a thing.
It's *non-avian dinosaurs*
@@lordgarion514birds are Dinosaurs and Dinosaurs are Archosaurs, and Archosaurs ARE Reptiles. So, Birds are Reptiles
@@lordgarion514 birds technically speaking are reptiles. If squamates and archosaurs (crocodiles as well as birds) are to be considered “reptiles” birds must also be considered “reptiles”. But then again there isn’t really such thing as a a “reptile”
2 things came up after watching this video:
1. When birds migrate, what is the mortality rate? Like ships traveling across to the other side of the planet, not all make it to their destination. Birds have to navigate weather, man-made obstacles like planes/hunters, and I can't imagine the kind of stress physically a migration takes on a birds body. I just wonder how many don't finish the journey, and why.
2. I see birds darting in front of my car, even at 70 miles per hour. I would have liked to know more about their brains, reflexes, physiology, and reaction times. I wonder this because birds aren't like small animals or insects, that die to vehicles more often.
Bird's visual and reactive reflexes far surpass any drone A.I. or technology to keep them alive, and easily avoid things.
Hiiii soon-to-be ornithologist here (one more semester woo!) The mortality rate of birds during migration can be pretty high depending on the species and ESPECIALLY age of the bird. The very young/inexperienced and the old/weaker birds are more at risk, and sometimes if they aren’t strong enough they don’t migrate at all (in some species at least). Not migrating also can decrease survival probability but mostly it has an impact on breeding success (no migrating=no nesting=lower evolutionary fitness=bad for a species/bloodline). Once a young bird is better at finding food and finding a safe migration route it’s survivability drastically increases. Other factors like storms or plane strikes etc affect this, but those are less consistent factors.
For your second question, I don’t know a whole lot about this but in general bird strikes are very common (even by cars) people just don’t notice a lot of the time because they don’t make much of a literal impact. However, there are less strikes than there could be because, as far as my understanding of it goes, birds actually perceive time at a different rate than us! The world seems to move a lot slower around them than it does for us (same for dogs, but curiously it’s the reverse for cats!)
Hope I helped! :)
@@maia3940
It's the bird brain and eyes.
Birds, at least smaller insect eating birds in England, have been tested.
Human eyes/brains are completely fooled by a movie with 24 frames per second (not that we would see 23), whereas the birds can see well over 100 frames per second, I forget the exact number.
@@maia3940 I frequently see small songbirds dead on roads, as well as ducks and pheasants. I actually saw a mallard hen get ran over by a lorry on the way to school and it was flapping around for awhile, traumatic stuff
Pheasants usually get hit by cars because they’re raised in captivity and then released for shooting so they don’t know how to avoid cars
I have to say that I think it’s fantastic that you’ve had the idea to not only seek knowledge but drive to share that knowledge. I hope you all keep the love of knowledge and drive to make better the world you live in.
Great video, I always love seeing you guys in my notification with your informational and entertaining! Kepp it up guys you're the best
Those kids must have worked hard! This was a great video! Thank you!
Amazing and very informative video! I’m 19 and passionate about nature, but even I learned new stuff today!
Just to clarify, Pidgeoto is not real bird.
awwww..... ::puts pokeball away::
Unfortunately :p
@@DimSum9685 gabite go!
All "birds" aren't real
Maybe idk
There is nothing as inspiring as the lust for knowledge and wisdom that comes from the minds of children. They just want to know, and they ask the questions that so many of us are so used to that we forget to actually learn the answers for real.
Ask questions about your world the way a child would, and you'll learn something new every day
Curiosity and desire for knowledge has nothing to do with children. I think that's odd for an adult to not continually want to learn more about world around us
@@SoulDelSol many adults get stuck in struggle for daily life, and don't have the energy anymore to be curious. You need two conditions: A) a good work-life balance and B) no worries about the necessities of life
@@Blackadder75 i understand what you're saying. But i think about universe, time, space, relativity, evolution, microbes, subatomic particles, sensation, biology, consciousness, etc when I'm in shower before work, during my commute to work, and on lunch break. Assuming people shower and eat lunch they have time to be curious. It doesn't take more than a few minutes here and there whilst doing something else that needs to be done. For example if you're mowing your lawn you are free to think, if you're cleaning your home, if you're waiting in line at market, etc. None of that is someone who isn't also focused on necessities of life nor does it require balance (although that would be ideal). It's not self actualizing (top of hierarchy of needs) but rather just 2 minutes of quiet reflection. Everyone has 2 minutes. In fact I'm sure many of these people are spending a lot more than that drinking alcohol, on fb, or watching reality tv etc
As someone who absolutely adores birds and everything avian, this video was really fun to watch. Thanks!
2:35 I didn't know they have 2 sacks! Great vid MinuteEarth and great job to those kids.
That was excellent. The part about how the light detector, clock, and tracker to map routes and speed could be its own video.
This is by far the most realistic animation. The plane part is so realistic.
I wonder how we would have perceived distance if we could fly and travel like these birds.
this gives me a lot of empathy for birds
Because of the soft feathers, I associate birds with mammals in my head a lot. It's crazy to think that they're most closely related to crocodiles.
6:21 that "thanks to skills.." almost activated my ad-skipping reflexes lmao. anyways fun video, minute earth
Wow, I really enjoyed the first video about bird anatomy. I didn't know most of that.
11:13 How did pidgeotto end up in South America?
Thank you so much for this wonderful video. I have been using it as a resource in my classes!
Smart kids! Thanks for working with them to make this.
That was the most amazing video that minute earth ever made.
Loved it
As a student bug thanks to you all:) it was collest biology lesson i have had in my life
woah woah woah
You assume that you can tell me all I want to know about birds, especially without speaking bird?
What a grand and intoxicating innocence.
5:20 the cats: hey I got a question for you
I sleep the opposite way
4:25 Is that supposed to be a yoyleberry from BFDI?
9:41 Why are Caitlin and Vi catching birds
I didn't knew that Pidgeotto is an Alaskan bird.6:40
Bird Fact! There's a bird that is native just to the Sierra Nevada called the mountain chickadee or Poeceli Gambeli and its amazing because its song sounds just like cheese burger
Are you sure its *exclusive* to there? Looking at the listed year round range they appear to have colonized a number of of the mountain systems through western North America well beyond the Sierra Nevada microplate. They are definitely amazing birds but don't count those dees short. :)
I had mountain chickadees at the grand canyon.
10:04 what does daily location mean if bird moves very far during day?
I absolutely loved this video. Thank you so much.
Awesome!!! Thanks for amazing facts kids!! 👏👏👏👏👍👍👍❤️❤️
thank you so much, MinuteEarth.
❤️ I love the videos you guys make ❤️
A bunch of Canada geese hang out in my yard during their migrations and for the last few years there’s one that’s really curious and comes up on the deck when I’m out there and will even take food out of my hand. I don’t know how it hasn’t learned that going up to random humans is an extremely bad idea. I wouldn’t hurt them but people are pretty uncool.
I don’t feed it regularly when they are here but it’s been up with me a couple times this spring and fall when I was doing fish on the bbq and I gave it a little piece each time. It had already been coming onto the deck for a couple years by then so I don’t think it will become dependant.
Great job! I loved the video!
Best video to date. Thank you!
I had a pretty extraordinary school, but making videos with MinuteEarth?! pfff, lucky kids!
Imagine a recording of the Great Snipe's migration from the 1st person perspective.
I hope this video takes off.
I see what you did there.
I am getting nostalgia i haven't watched minute earth of a while now
The birds are so cutely drawn 🥰🥰🥰
My FAVORITE part about this episode is how it bumbles and rambles around and away
Like, oh, it makes sense that birds need lots of air to fly, how does that woooooork??? Oh your gonnna tell me? Lets goooooooooooo OH AND your gonna talk about how the heart works in a bird???? I wasnt thinking about that, but I SURE AM NOW and OH OH OH
Love it, cant wait till y'all do this for..... every topic.... ever
Niiiceee these kids are so creative, innovative, and excellent ❤️❤️
1:37 Behold, a man!
6:03 That sounds pretty Mag-Neato!
7:01 And a mysterious tendency to suddenly appear every time you are near...
I find it hard to believe that the idea that birds fly away to somewhere warmer during winter was that hard to believe
Here is an idea:
1- Find and capture a talking Meowth
2- Find and capture a Pidgey or Pidgeotto
3- Have the Meawth ask the Pidgey/Pidgeotto how their species migrate and have the Meawth tell you
I mean I don't really get why we are paying this scientists when their work is so trivial
Smh, talking Meowth working for a organized criminal association a myth.
The pidgeotto made this even better
I never experienced snow before, but what do insects do when winter comes? Do they also migrate?
Bird are sooo cute
Would love a whole video about Pokémon and their real life counterparts
Thanks students of Tebughna School :)
If you enjoyed this I highly recommend the book A World on the Wing
0:42 That little man has a Naruto jacket. I respect him
I learned every thing I know about bird Law from the great Charlie Reynolds of Philadelphia from the care of their teeth to fighting like the crow .
Nice initiative. Thanks for sharing
A question that’s been puzzling me, if birds bones are hollow how much space is left for bone marrow?
Ah interesting fact is that birds don't have hollow bones, in fact they have denser bones then other small animals such as mice. They need strong bones to deal with all the forces of flight, and a broken wing means almost certain death.
LOL 'When the car got stuck in the snow' Yup, that's the North for ya.
Awesome. So inspiring
11:19 is that Pidgeotto in South America? 😁
I'm surprised, you talked about Snipes but you didn't talk about snipe hunting.
I see you were tracking birds in Kanto.
Alaska is my home state!
Alaska is the exile state
For the Thumbnail: "Behold Plato's man!" (Diogenes, The Cynic) LOL
How fast would a bird need to fly if it weighed 1000-2000 pounds?
I NOTICED PIDGEOTTO AT 11:17 !! idk why im so proud i could be wrong xD
Carl, I found the snipe! 10:23
I'm happy the actual video is serious and helpful but still sad the comments section are not more memes about birds about birds not being real
Second video was nearly a word for copy of one of your previous videos not sure about the other two I’m gonna go investigate that
0:26 is that pdx
Why did the voiceover change?
Excellent video, but the title is a lie - I now want to know even more about birds!
These drawings are absolutely hilarious! :D
can you please tell me how do you edit your videos
Great job, and congratulations 🎊
i thought the lift was created by the change in air pressure bellow and above the wing. not due to the wing pushing the air downwards.
That's right
I heard somewhere that birds also use their bones to breathe, because they are hollow and thus can hold additional air like the air sacs. Is this true?
Yes it is! To be more precise in evolutionary terms birds and their extinct relatives evolved hollow bones by incorporating their systems of air sacs into their bones. This trait evolved at least 3 times independently within the dinosaurs and other dinosaur line archosaurs (i.e. the pterosaurs) In particular hollow bones evolved within pterosaurs sauropods and theropods respectively all from the same base one way respiratory system that serves as the defining characteristic of archosaurs. In the case of sauropods their fossils preserve evidence for some truly extensive systems of air sacs throughout their bodies and these were likely one of the critical reasons they were able to bypass the normal tetrapod size limit that constrains mammals and ornithischian dinosaurs. In otherwords dinosaurs could get huge in part because their bones were hollow and also because their ancestors had developed a unique lung valve morphology which causes convective air turbulence to create a unidirectional air flow which thanks to diffusion within the inflowing and outflowing air is much more effectively able to extract oxygen and expel carbon dioxide than the mammalian tidal pool lung can while also using less energy in the process.
And yes Crocodilians the other extant group of archosaurs also have a 1 way respiratory system though they don't have the same kind of air sac systems birds have and dinosaur line archosaurs fossils show attachment and entry points for. In fact this trait appears to predate archosauria as other diapsid reptiles such as squamates(lizards and snakes) and turtles also share the monodirectional lungs putting this as a fairly early evolutionary adaptation.
journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiol.00056.2014
And for an earlier but more publicly readable blog article
svpow.com/2013/12/11/unidirectional-airflow-in-the-lungs-of-birds-crocs-and-now-monitor-lizards/
(This was published before work also showed monodirectional breathing in other diapsid reptiles)
What is fascinating about the evolution of unidirectional breathing is that it helps explain the mystery of why mammals weren't able to compete for large body sizes is now thought to primarily be due to the difference in complex lung structure between synapsids and sauropsids. While in an oxygen rich environment they are both effective enough solutions during the late/end Permian extinction and subsequent Triassic where oxygen levels dropped this small relative inefficiency in oxygen intake and higher metabolic cost of needing separate inhalation and exhalation is likely what prevented mammals from competing for large body niches during the Mesozoic. Oxygen levels would rise and restabilize during the Jurassic after the break up of Pangaea but by then the mid sized and large bodied niches had already been thoroughly occupied. Still even now though the advantages of the diapsid lung are not negligible over mammals. Mammals probably make up most of the difference with our ability to chew which required reduction and loss of jaw bones with the added bonus that additional lost jaw bones could get repurposed for hearing.
Half-true. While bird bones are hollow (and filled with air), it’s not for breathing. Instead it’s more lot to make the bird less heavy and easier to take off.
@@raptorzilla0710 Thanks for the info! Fascinating nonetheless
0:41 That Naruto/Sasuke hoodie goes hard
Did you really need to specify that it was rural Alaska? That state isn't known for its bustling metropolises.
Is no one talking about how the scientists at 10:00 are clearly Vi and Caitlyn from Arcane
How did they know the spear was from which part of Africa? There's a story I want to know.
Sorcerers gather with their familiars (bird creatures) in Alaska where the two hemispheres touch to form a magic bond to save our worlds.
*the things that minuteearth do for our planet*
for them to build u need to put the blocks for them to build with
dude! I WENT to to UMASS Amherst! albeit only for one semester, but still, neet!
This video was originally called something like "Everything we know about birds", and personally I think the new title fits in line with all the other explanation videos you guys have made, so why not just name it this in the first place?
I still want to know how birds and bees mate.
Yo same ! like birds can just eat the bees
Yeah, i still dont know :/
Female bird drops eggs into nest. Male bird impregnates them. Not impregnated eggs don't give babies. Bees you gotta check somewhere but I'm pretty sure queen lays eggs too
@@deusexlacuna European bee eater eats bees🐝😊
wow what an amazing video!
That is so wholesome
University of Massachusetts Amherst... yea, as someone from the Boston area, that sounds really weird and caught me off guard. We say UMass Amherst.
Can you do a video about biological Systematics? What is it looked like twohundred years ago and now, when we have dna? were there any changes in the table with the new evidences? I don't know, maybe a bird in some group is now belong to a totally different group or something....
Are you suggesting that coconuts are migratory?
Do a video on kiwis and other ratites anatomies ect