Vanadium is my favorite metal. Not only does it create such beautifully colored compounds, it's also a vital part of an absolutely MASSIVE amount of different alloys. It's critical in high-temperature-high-strength alloys, such as the metal used to build jet engine turbines. And if you want a very hard, tough metal, like tool steel? Yup, that's a vanadium alloy too. Amazing metal, and one of the most vital to modern civilization.
I have to say that's the most beautiful liquid demonstration I've ever seen. Neon and chrome, going through Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple? IT'S LIKE A RAVE IN A BOTTLE.
Why don’t you learn English instead of needlessly trolling people in order to get a reaction??, You really need to be banned from UA-cam, Go away you cockroach
Paul Whitehouse beat the Prof by a few years with, "Me? In a bedroom... with 3 naked ladies? With my reputation...?!". The emphases are different but the joke is the same! 😃👍 Mushrooms and toadstools are the same damned thing. The one that the Prof mentioned is Agaricus muscaria, the fly agaric, containing the poison muscarine. There's more, but it'll cost you by the hour.
Toadstools aren't really a thing or at least it's not a term a biologist would use. It's a colloquial term for an inedible mushroom. The mushroom you picture is a fly agaric mushroom (amanita muscaria). Famous for having pixies and fairies sitting on it and for its powerful hallucinogenic properties.
@@JP-mb2pk Pure muscimol and related compounds based on the natural alkaloid are supposedly pretty fun in low doses, however they are pretty rare and hard to obtain from Amanita. Cubes are always fun
That oxidation state experiment is a new one to me. Truly beautiful. I use vanadium as a corrosion inhibitor in acid gas process equipment, specifically sodium metavanadate. The ease of changing oxidation states as demonstrated in the experiment gives it useful anti-corrosive properties. It protects the interior surfaces from attack by corrosive process chemicals by changing it's oxidation state more readily than the surrounding metals. Then it gets regenerated and recycled.
Superlight, supertough vanadium totally changed the world! Added to steel, it enabled Henry Ford to make the world's first mass-produced car, the Model T, from 1913. The same metal was used as armor against bullets during World War I. Today, if you need tough metal, vanadium steel is what you need. Like scandium, vanadium first came to the world's attention in Scandinavia, when Swedish chemist Nils Sefström identified it in the 1830s.
With respect to the biochemistry of Vanadium, one might find interesting that it may replace Molybdenum (in some species of nitrogen fixing bacteria) at the redox cofactor of the enzyme nitrogenase. For more information: D. Rehder (2000). Vanadium nitrogenase. J Inorg Biochem. 80(1-2):133-136. Thank you for sharing chemical knowledge (and motivation) across the internet!
I make knives and have since 1992. Back then there wasn't a big selection of high carbon alloys like now. Take CPM 3V which has 0.8% carbon with 7.5% chromium and 1.3% molybdenum, which all make carbides, but the 2.75% Vanadium is where 3V gets its wear resistance, a term to relate to its hardness. Because the Carbon content is only 0.8% this steel as a knife makes it very tough meaning it is unlikely to crack or the edge to chip. If they were to make it lets say 1.20% carbon the heat treat would greatly change and the toughness would be reduced, but the carbide content would increase so the hardness would also increase, but if not tempered correctly its brittleness would also increase. Steel for cutting is a field of study all onto itself.
Forgot to mention that vanadium makes the hardest of carbides, it is even harder than tungsten carbide. The new "super steels" in knives have 3% to 7% vanadium that are very abrasion resistant, that simply means they hold an edge for a long time. A lot people complain that they are impossible to sharpen, but you need diamond sharpeners. Hard to sharpen with stones especially when its harder than some stones.
nefarioustoast Trace amounts of vanadium compounds available in various minerals. Well, probably from microorganisms that got it from those minerals. Most of the interesting biochemistry on the planet is done by bacteria.
nefarioustoast A mushroom is just the "fruiting body," or reproductive structure, formed by the fusion of two fungal organisms that may extend through tens of thousands of miles of tiny filaments (hyphae) in the soil. It can absorb and concentrate trace elements from a huge volume of substrate, which is why mushrooms are so nutritious (if they aren't the kind that kill you).
aredesuyo The circumference of the entire planet is 25,000 miles. So you should make it clear that the structure doesn't stretch over such an extent but rather all the tiny filaments put end to end would. (I have never heard this number but I don't doubt it. Everything gets really really long in total if you make it small and fractal enough.)
Cottingley Fairies place them their as insulation for their homes in the mushroom houses. Keeps it cool in summer and warm in winter as the Cottingley fairies help pollinate the forests and nurse sick and wounded animals back to health.
There's a picture on the Wikipedia entry for vanadium, it looks like it does actually go from yellow (5) to bright green (mix of 4 and 5, you can see it when he pours it onto the amalgam) to blue (4) to dull green (3) to purple (2).
Yep the guy above me is right, it's also in my textbook. While V(IV) is supposed to be blue, when the solution is a mixture of V(V) and V(IV) the solution gives a green colour (mixture of yellow and blue) and may be a bit confusing (tho its kinda charming) but it also gives a darker green colour at +3 oxidation state so guy in the video didn't mix up vanadium is pretty cool man.
NottinghamScience has a number of videos about Bees and Trees. Those could go on the new channel. Unfortunately the content management options on this site are disappointing, so moving videos is probably not possible.
Jacob Harrison From what I've seen in the latest years, there hasn't been much development in that direction from Brady's side, even though life sciences are a HUGE subject. There was one really nice video about developmental genetics in worms on the nottingahmscience channel. Unlike elements, formulas or celestial objects, you cannot categorize biology in such lists, which makes it a bit different from the concepts of the large channels.
Vanadium has gone viral in the 4 years since this episode was published. Now it is at the heart of the oxidation battery industry for balancing solar power output between day time and night time.
Sea squirts also use vanadium in their biochemistry. Having done O-grade Chemistry in Scotland in the 1980s, I will never, never be able to forget that to make sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide you need a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst.
this is one of my favorite Periodic Videos. first thing -- Amanita muscaria (fly agaric, a somewhat poisonous mushroom) is the one being shown, I think. its toxic effects don't seem to be related to its excellent ability to gather and store vanadium, though. I could watch the intro to this on loop for hours. well, maybe some minutes, anyway. it's so soothing! only some minutes, because. 1. I could listen to Dr. Walsh and The Professor all day. 2. the experment is so much fun to watch as it progresses!
Love this demonstration. For my science fair project, i reduced my vanadium 5+ solution using sulfuric acid and zinc shot, when i could’ve just used zinc mercury amalgam. Thanks for the information.
Sea cucumbers / urchins also have an astonishing amount of Vanadium comparative to their size. This is my OMG favourite fact but not many people seem to get as excited about it as myself.
Thank you for keeping video's coming Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff and of course Brady Haran. I live and breath chemistry (German doctorate chemist ancestry) and wish I could study at your school. Please let me come study!
Considering there's a fairly limited amount of elements, its amazing how many of the profs videos start with "I've never actually seen/worked with this chemical, but..."
I have a screwdriver made of chrome vanadium. It's what made me rewatch this video. I heard it before here lol thank professor and Brady (hope I spelled your name right) for teaching me these things and making them stick in my head.
The company I work for cleans a vanadium reactor. It’s huge. It’s a 70 foot tall mixer with about rows of 4 forks. The next part is a huge tube column. That’s the part we clean. We send 20,000 psi lances down them with the banshee spinner tips. They use lime and antifreeze and something they always call vanadium catalyst. It’s gross we have to wear full body suits and full face respirators on top of our water blast suits.
My first time at AMG vanadium I left my safety glasses sitting in the muck of water and all the above and they turned into sunglasses with a cool rainbow tint on the front. It won’t off. It’s dope af. Lol
The mighty Neal had just taken an angry view onto that bottle and before beeing able to dicate "Change!", the Vandadium would have changed its oxidation state from five to one instantaneously. This seperates the men from the cissies! ;) Joking aside. Together with the Vanadium you had some main alloying components of steel recently and that brought me to an idea. Why not making a longer episode just about steel ( the material Neal's balls are made from). The chemistry of steel or different kinds of steel might be quite interesting. The different phases and Allotropies and bondings, depending on the temperature, the heat treatment and the used alloying components and how they interact is mindblowing and from a chemist's point of view there's a lot to tell about!
I have to say that's the most beautiful liquid demonstration I've ever seen. Neon and chrome, going through Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple? *****IT'S LIKE A RAVE IN A BOTTLE.*****
Hey proffesor, is those extreme combination of elements like Hexasulfurictriacidofidontknow you know the long ones, really have like a visible state? Liquid gas? Solid? Ice.?
I had convinced myself that you would talk about Manuel Andres del Rio Fernandez, but none the less watching the color of the solution change was quite satisfying.
That was really cool, I had never seen that reaction before. I'm surprised you guys didn't mention the V2O5 oxide which has many very important uses and an industrial catalyst including being the catalyst of choice for producing sulfuric acid.
Pyura, (aka Living Rocks), are sea creatures that also store huge concentrations of vanadium. Super interesting that both terrestrial and marine organisms have adapted a use for the metal.
Naturally occurring vanadium exists as two isotopes- radioactive vanadium-50 and stable vanadium-51. Vanadium-50 decays to titanium-50 by emitting a positron, and, with a probability of less than 3 percent by beta-minus decay to chromium-50, both with a half-life of 2.71x10^17 years, substantially longer than the postulated age of the universe.
As you progress down the oxidation numbers the colour is getting progressively more blue (higher energy and shorter wavelength of light quatas). Is there a principle involved in that? I.e. the first change in oxidation number involves a comparatively small amount of energy etc.... Just a question....
12vietnow A sub-contractor picks it up in a van marked with the appropriate placards. It is then stored, and eventually shipped off along with other toxic waste, to a large-scale toxic-waste disposal contractor, in the southern 'foot' part of Italy. From there, the 'Ndrangheta load it onto old rustbuckets, which then mysteriously sink somewhere in the Meditarranean, or off the coasts of Eritrea / Djibouti / Somalia. Years later, containers holding the waste rupture and your freshly bought sardines come pre-marinated in chemical goodness. MMMMMmmmm. Delish!
I have a question, you can see light refraction and reflection taking diferent paths in translucid elements, but in the case of "chrome" like substances it doesn´t matter how the volume shifts (shakes-swirl-twirl), the refraction,-reflection seems unchanged, why is that?, is it the jumping of electrons generating photons scattering?
The colors of the reactions were more like yellow, green .Blue, then purple, it makes more sense considering how the color spectrum works anyway as well.
If you had a solution of vanadium (II) and an equal amount of a solution of vanadium (IV) in different containers, and then mixed them together in the same container, would the resulting solution contain a mixture of a vanadium (II) and (IV) ions separately or would electrons jump between them such that the solution contained all vanadium (III) instead?
There is a class of proteins (Vanabins) present in certain sea creatures that is thought to specifically bind vanadium and accumulate it in their blood in various oxidation states. It has an interesting structure (PDB 1VFI).
Many fungi seem to be able to accumulate transition metals. Cromium is on example. But they can also selectively accumulate som radionuclides like Caesium to an extent that in the forests of E Switzerland Boar meat has been found to be radioactive because the fungi are an important part of the diet. It would be interesting to do a video on this selective mechanism
Do most, if not sll of the Transition Metals, such as Vanadium, have the same common Properties of the Metal Elements, such as (1) have s Luster, (2) a conductor of Electricity and (3) a conductor of Heat? THANK YOU.
the mushroom is Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a mushroom and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita.
I just watched you video on vanadium. Your comment on Amanita muscaria is interesting and I likely can add some information. First it is a mushroom. Second in most but not all parts of the world it is hallucinogenic. Third it is Reindeer and specifically Rudolf the Red Nose Reindeer who was flying Santa's sleigh and had a red nose because he was caught eating A. muscaria and that is why he thought he was flying. Reference can be found in Tom Volk's mushroom of the month club. And I have found this reference in other books as well. Bit it was also used by the Cossacks before they went into battle because it shuts down the fear centers of the brain.
pls tell me how you made that amalgam. I tried making it by mixing zinc and mercury in weak HCl to remove the oxide layer from the zinc.Even though the mercury wets the zinc it never dissolves.I need help pls
***** toadstool is actually the name given to an entire genus of mushrooms. so in essence, the two words are one in the same. i can tell the Professor is a chemist and not a biologist. we need more chemists interested in biology! the professor could contribute so much to, say, venom research! great videos. keep them coming, guys. thanks!
The only use of vanadium I’ve ever known was it’s use in blade/tool steel. Apparently it makes the steel more hardenable, wether that’s to allow the steel to be harder or more easily hardened, I’m not sure.
I am very interested in biologic forms using various elements in their workings. I am extremely interested in Hemocyanin (copper based hemoglobin)... Would be an interesting video, just sayin'.
I would Like to get the professors Opinion on how a Metallurgist would be classified in the Academic field of chemistry. I feel essentially they are Chemist that are specialist in metals (sometimes very specific metals). Similar to how an Organic Chemist studies Carbon or a Bio Chemist Studies Chemical reactions within living organisms. I have heard them reference Metallurgy but never as a field of Chemistry.
So the vanadium in the bottle is gaining electrons and filling its 3d orbital? Or is it losing its 3d electrons and being left with only its 4p electrons in the outer shell?
V(V) should have zero 3d electrons, V(IV) should have 1 3d, and V(II) should have 3 3d electrons. All of them with zero 4s electrons (and, well, of course zero 4p). I'm not 100% certain, but relatively.
I think there are vanadium haloperoxidase that exist in some fungi. These are used as antioxidants as protective effect to the host species and can be poisonous to other animals or in humans.
Got it! Pyura chilensi; the Living Rock of Peru. Clear-pinkish blood, 10 thousand times more vanadium in the blood than in surrounding sea-water. Eaten raw or cooked. Has bitter, Iodine-like flavor. I would think so...
The colours he said were totally off compared to what was in the jar. 3:09 he says blue colour, when it is green, 3:37 its a dark blue and he calls it green. and the end is a sort of navy blue.
Best demonstration of oxidation states I've ever seen.
Vanadium is my favorite metal. Not only does it create such beautifully colored compounds, it's also a vital part of an absolutely MASSIVE amount of different alloys. It's critical in high-temperature-high-strength alloys, such as the metal used to build jet engine turbines. And if you want a very hard, tough metal, like tool steel? Yup, that's a vanadium alloy too. Amazing metal, and one of the most vital to modern civilization.
Somillian That's why I love Chromium, it's even more vital and even more colorful.
Polish Sausage Are you trying to one-up Vanadium?
Somillian
Plutonium....Because it's fair.
Titanium Is Very Strong
No trees were harmed during the making of this video but many electrons were severely inconvinienced.
Aahgaaghaahhaahahahah
Electrons have no life!
Electrons are suing... This is serious...
Okay. Thanks for electrons
time lapse of the vanadium oxidizing??
just to make it clear for Brady, we are talking about the solution left to oxidize back, in the air, going through color changes in reverse.
I have to say that's the most beautiful liquid demonstration I've ever seen.
Neon and chrome, going through Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple? IT'S LIKE A RAVE IN A BOTTLE.
There’s a party in my test-tube, and everybody’s invited. ;)
@@AliMoeeny BOOOOOOM
@@AliMoeeny how do you know that?????!!!!!
Mais um dia aqui porque o Humberto indicou e eu quero passar no ENEM
kkkkkkkakkakakakakaak
Why don’t you learn English instead of needlessly trolling people in order to get a reaction??,
You really need to be banned from UA-cam,
Go away you cockroach
dois
2 kkkk
Além de química e ciências, aprendemos inglês também!
"a fire on the table, here, in my office.." someone needs to make that line into a shirt.
It's like a Roly Birkin, QC line!
Paul Whitehouse beat the Prof by a few years with, "Me? In a bedroom... with 3 naked ladies? With my reputation...?!". The emphases are different but the joke is the same! 😃👍
Mushrooms and toadstools are the same damned thing. The one that the Prof mentioned is Agaricus muscaria, the fly agaric, containing the poison muscarine. There's more, but it'll cost you by the hour.
@@acerbicatheist2893 I agree, it did sound like a euphemism.
Toadstools aren't really a thing or at least it's not a term a biologist would use. It's a colloquial term for an inedible mushroom.
The mushroom you picture is a fly agaric mushroom (amanita muscaria). Famous for having pixies and fairies sitting on it and for its powerful hallucinogenic properties.
"Famous for having pixies and fairies sitting on it and for its powerful hallucinogenic properties."
possibly one and the same effect :P
@@omikronweapon Amanita is actually not psychedelic, it has a alcohol like intoxication
I've heard it's not that pleasant better stick with the cubens.
@@JP-mb2pk Pure muscimol and related compounds based on the natural alkaloid are supposedly pretty fun in low doses, however they are pretty rare and hard to obtain from Amanita. Cubes are always fun
Stormy Daniels actually has a different definition of the term toadstool 😂
That oxidation state experiment is a new one to me. Truly beautiful. I use vanadium as a corrosion inhibitor in acid gas process equipment, specifically sodium metavanadate. The ease of changing oxidation states as demonstrated in the experiment gives it useful anti-corrosive properties. It protects the interior surfaces from attack by corrosive process chemicals by changing it's oxidation state more readily than the surrounding metals. Then it gets regenerated and recycled.
Superlight, supertough vanadium totally changed the world! Added to steel, it enabled Henry Ford to make the world's first mass-produced car, the Model T, from 1913. The same metal was used as armor against bullets during World War I. Today, if you need tough metal, vanadium steel is what you need. Like scandium, vanadium first came to the world's attention in Scandinavia, when Swedish chemist Nils Sefström identified it in the 1830s.
With respect to the biochemistry of Vanadium, one might find interesting that it may replace Molybdenum (in some species of nitrogen fixing bacteria) at the redox cofactor of the enzyme nitrogenase. For more information:
D. Rehder (2000). Vanadium nitrogenase. J Inorg Biochem. 80(1-2):133-136.
Thank you for sharing chemical knowledge (and motivation) across the internet!
Yellow -> blue -> green? It went from green to cyan to dark muddy cyan on my screen.
***** porple*
***** I'm going to assume that it wasnt pure vanadium V, IV, III & II but some sort of solution combining one or two of them.
***** On my screen it goes from white-and-gold to blue-and-black.
***** Calibrate your monitor.
RFC3514 haha
I make knives and have since 1992. Back then there wasn't a big selection of high carbon alloys like now. Take CPM 3V which has 0.8% carbon with 7.5% chromium and 1.3% molybdenum, which all make carbides, but the 2.75% Vanadium is where 3V gets its wear resistance, a term to relate to its hardness. Because the Carbon content is only 0.8% this steel as a knife makes it very tough meaning it is unlikely to crack or the edge to chip. If they were to make it lets say 1.20% carbon the heat treat would greatly change and the toughness would be reduced, but the carbide content would increase so the hardness would also increase, but if not tempered correctly its brittleness would also increase. Steel for cutting is a field of study all onto itself.
Forgot to mention that vanadium makes the hardest of carbides, it is even harder than tungsten carbide. The new "super steels" in knives have 3% to 7% vanadium that are very abrasion resistant, that simply means they hold an edge for a long time. A lot people complain that they are impossible to sharpen, but you need diamond sharpeners. Hard to sharpen with stones especially when its harder than some stones.
where does the mushroom get the vanadium from?
nefarioustoast Trace amounts of vanadium compounds available in various minerals. Well, probably from microorganisms that got it from those minerals. Most of the interesting biochemistry on the planet is done by bacteria.
nefarioustoast A mushroom is just the "fruiting body," or reproductive structure, formed by the fusion of two fungal organisms that may extend through tens of thousands of miles of tiny filaments (hyphae) in the soil. It can absorb and concentrate trace elements from a huge volume of substrate, which is why mushrooms are so nutritious (if they aren't the kind that kill you).
aredesuyo The circumference of the entire planet is 25,000 miles. So you should make it clear that the structure doesn't stretch over such an extent but rather all the tiny filaments put end to end would. (I have never heard this number but I don't doubt it. Everything gets really really long in total if you make it small and fractal enough.)
Cottingley Fairies place them their as insulation for their homes in the mushroom houses.
Keeps it cool in summer and warm in winter as the Cottingley fairies help pollinate the forests and nurse sick and wounded animals back to health.
Gammel Prutte Well, as long as they officially dub their creation _Boletus photoshopus_, I'm fine with them using it :)
I think he got blue and green mixed up :D it first looked more green and then turned blueish rather than the other way around
Possibly camera exposure messed up the colour coding but yeah I was confused as well 😂
There's a picture on the Wikipedia entry for vanadium, it looks like it does actually go from yellow (5) to bright green (mix of 4 and 5, you can see it when he pours it onto the amalgam) to blue (4) to dull green (3) to purple (2).
Yep the guy above me is right, it's also in my textbook. While V(IV) is supposed to be blue, when the solution is a mixture of V(V) and V(IV) the solution gives a green colour (mixture of yellow and blue) and may be a bit confusing (tho its kinda charming) but it also gives a darker green colour at +3 oxidation state so guy in the video didn't mix up vanadium is pretty cool man.
Wow!! That's so cool to see progressive oxidation states with color changes. Most excellent!
All this talk of mushrooms and toadstools makes me think you should have a biology channel, Brady.
I mean, what's one more on the pile?
And it will make him more of a man!
NottinghamScience has a number of videos about Bees and Trees. Those could go on the new channel. Unfortunately the content management options on this site are disappointing, so moving videos is probably not possible.
Jacob Harrison Pilephile
Jacob Harrison From what I've seen in the latest years, there hasn't been much development in that direction from Brady's side, even though life sciences are a HUGE subject.
There was one really nice video about developmental genetics in worms on the nottingahmscience channel. Unlike elements, formulas or celestial objects, you cannot categorize biology in such lists, which makes it a bit different from the concepts of the large channels.
+Jacob Harrison the only reason i watch this channel is to learn more about biology
thank you electrons
oldcowbb thought just the same XD
Vsauce
Thelectrons.
@@Foxpawed Is that an MSTF1 reference
@@ExzcellionGamma probably not, I intended it as a Look Around You reference
Umberto salvando vidas
Thanks for early access, Brady! This is awesome!
Vanadium has gone viral in the 4 years since this episode was published. Now it is at the heart of the oxidation battery industry for balancing solar power output between day time and night time.
the purple color omg 😍😍
Dalal M. Madooh yeah, that green was pretty weak
Dalal M. Madooh *porple
+Ascdren pohrr-pull
I cannot believe I live 5 minutes from you guys
Sea squirts also use vanadium in their biochemistry.
Having done O-grade Chemistry in Scotland in the 1980s, I will never, never be able to forget that to make sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide you need a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst.
this is one of my favorite Periodic Videos.
first thing -- Amanita muscaria (fly agaric, a somewhat poisonous mushroom) is the one being shown, I think.
its toxic effects don't seem to be related to its excellent ability to gather and store vanadium, though.
I could watch the intro to this on loop for hours.
well, maybe some minutes, anyway. it's so soothing!
only some minutes, because.
1. I could listen to Dr. Walsh and The Professor all day.
2. the experment is so much fun to watch as it progresses!
those mushrooms that are red with white spots are called fly agaric if you ever see a fly agaric mushroom leave it alone
Boiled mine in milk...never did me any herrrm.
Love this demonstration. For my science fair project, i reduced my vanadium 5+ solution using sulfuric acid and zinc shot, when i could’ve just used zinc mercury amalgam. Thanks for the information.
Sea cucumbers / urchins also have an astonishing amount of Vanadium comparative to their size. This is my OMG favourite fact but not many people seem to get as excited about it as myself.
Thank you for keeping video's coming Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff and of course Brady Haran. I live and breath chemistry (German doctorate chemist ancestry) and wish I could study at your school. Please let me come study!
What colour is Vanadium 1
and is Vanadium 6 red ?
***** Vanadium can only have the oxidation states +2 +3 +4 and +5
DerWahreTee Why is that ?
What is the restriction?
What if he infused the flask with pure oxygen to boost the oxidation?
***** Oxidation states have nothing to do with oxygen. The name is a historical accident.
@Alcide Cloridrix If even *fluorine* can't oxidise V past +5, nothing can.
Considering there's a fairly limited amount of elements, its amazing how many of the profs videos start with "I've never actually seen/worked with this chemical, but..."
While turning blue, the professor says, "I've never actually worked with oxygen..."
Mushrooms and Toadstools are basically the same ... Fungi...
The red with white spotted Fungus is Fly Agaric
I have a screwdriver made of chrome vanadium. It's what made me rewatch this video. I heard it before here lol thank professor and Brady (hope I spelled your name right) for teaching me these things and making them stick in my head.
Video on C2N14 please.
I love how clearly the professors personality comes through on video
The company I work for cleans a vanadium reactor. It’s huge. It’s a 70 foot tall mixer with about rows of 4 forks. The next part is a huge tube column. That’s the part we clean. We send 20,000 psi lances down them with the banshee spinner tips. They use lime and antifreeze and something they always call vanadium catalyst. It’s gross we have to wear full body suits and full face respirators on top of our water blast suits.
My first time at AMG vanadium I left my safety glasses sitting in the muck of water and all the above and they turned into sunglasses with a cool rainbow tint on the front. It won’t off. It’s dope af. Lol
The mighty Neal had just taken an angry view onto that bottle and before beeing able to dicate "Change!", the Vandadium would have changed its oxidation state from five to one instantaneously. This seperates the men from the cissies! ;)
Joking aside. Together with the Vanadium you had some main alloying components of steel recently and that brought me to an idea. Why not making a longer episode just about steel ( the material Neal's balls are made from). The chemistry of steel or different kinds of steel might be quite interesting. The different phases and Allotropies and bondings, depending on the temperature, the heat treatment and the used alloying components and how they interact is mindblowing and from a chemist's point of view there's a lot to tell about!
Love the early access, you are my hero brother!
I have to say that's the most beautiful liquid demonstration I've ever seen.
Neon and chrome, going through Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple? *****IT'S LIKE A RAVE IN A BOTTLE.*****
Hey proffesor, is those extreme combination of elements like Hexasulfurictriacidofidontknow you know the long ones, really have like a visible state? Liquid gas? Solid? Ice.?
I had convinced myself that you would talk about Manuel Andres del Rio Fernandez, but none the less watching the color of the solution change was quite satisfying.
That was really cool, I had never seen that reaction before. I'm surprised you guys didn't mention the V2O5 oxide which has many very important uses and an industrial catalyst including being the catalyst of choice for producing sulfuric acid.
Very cool video, include Darren in more!
Pyura, (aka Living Rocks), are sea creatures that also store huge concentrations of vanadium. Super interesting that both terrestrial and marine organisms have adapted a use for the metal.
Any chance to revisit this with vanadium flow batteries explained?
Naturally occurring vanadium exists as two isotopes- radioactive vanadium-50 and stable vanadium-51. Vanadium-50 decays to titanium-50 by emitting a positron, and, with a probability of less than 3 percent by beta-minus decay to chromium-50, both with a half-life of 2.71x10^17 years, substantially longer than the postulated age of the universe.
Amanita muscaria is the mushroom you're referring to. Wonder if they grow only where there's some Vanadium in the soil?
As you progress down the oxidation numbers the colour is getting progressively more blue (higher energy and shorter wavelength of light quatas). Is there a principle involved in that? I.e. the first change in oxidation number involves a comparatively small amount of energy etc....
Just a question....
Can we see a video on how the university disposes of dangerous solutions like the mercury zinc?
12vietnow LOL that video will never be shown the light of day
BullShitThat why ?
Yea I would love to see that.
Alex K Maybe BullShitThat is implying that they do something like dump it down the drain or pour it out a back window.
12vietnow A sub-contractor picks it up in a van marked with the appropriate placards.
It is then stored, and eventually shipped off along with other toxic waste, to a large-scale toxic-waste disposal contractor, in the southern 'foot' part of Italy.
From there, the 'Ndrangheta load it onto old rustbuckets, which then mysteriously sink somewhere in the Meditarranean, or off the coasts of Eritrea / Djibouti / Somalia.
Years later, containers holding the waste rupture and your freshly bought sardines come pre-marinated in chemical goodness. MMMMMmmmm. Delish!
So if you use vanadium oxide 3 in termite then would it be possible to make vanadium metal??
I have a question, you can see light refraction and reflection taking diferent paths in translucid elements, but in the case of "chrome" like substances it doesn´t matter how the volume shifts (shakes-swirl-twirl), the refraction,-reflection seems unchanged, why is that?, is it the jumping of electrons generating photons scattering?
The colors of the reactions were more like yellow, green .Blue, then purple, it makes more sense considering how the color spectrum works anyway as well.
I use Vanadium Pentoxide as an accelerator to couple to standards or sample materials during combustion with an induction furnace.
If you had a solution of vanadium (II) and an equal amount of a solution of vanadium (IV) in different containers, and then mixed them together in the same container, would the resulting solution contain a mixture of a vanadium (II) and (IV) ions separately or would electrons jump between them such that the solution contained all vanadium (III) instead?
In my childhood I read a book stating that vanadium was used in leaf springs of old-style rear suspensions on automobiles.
Aminata muscaria is hallucinogenic. Is it possible that the vanadium has some effect?
That's a fabulous tie Prof!
What happened at 5:30 with the LCDs in the background? Electric surge? EMP? :)
There is a class of proteins (Vanabins) present in certain sea creatures that is thought to specifically bind vanadium and accumulate it in their blood in various oxidation states. It has an interesting structure (PDB 1VFI).
Many fungi seem to be able to accumulate transition metals. Cromium is on example. But they can also selectively accumulate som radionuclides like Caesium to an extent that in the forests of E Switzerland Boar meat has been found to be radioactive because the fungi are an important part of the diet. It would be interesting to do a video on this selective mechanism
Since I was able to do some chemistry with vanadium, it has become one of my favourite elements :)
Wow. So inspirational and interesting
-Mr Harris
Please do another Vanadium piece with what it is practically used for.
The reduction of Vanadium compounds can be done with other chemicals (not mercury )?
Do most, if not sll of the Transition Metals, such as Vanadium, have the same common Properties of the Metal Elements, such as (1) have s Luster, (2) a conductor of Electricity and (3) a conductor of Heat? THANK YOU.
Is ammonia must to perform this -the solution is ammonium metavenadate - its a mixture of ammonia and vanadium, right?
Emeralds get their color from Vanadium, it mixes with the Beryllium crystal and gives the resultant Beryl crystal its green color.
2:43 Will it work when powdered zinc is used (without mercury)?
Could someone please explain does the mushroom (or toadstool) find the vanadium?
3:12 blue? Or is that green?..
the mushroom is Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a mushroom and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita.
What is the meaning of glug
And this... This is Super Saiyan 3!
I thought the same thing.. gokus transformations. Lol
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
What do you do with the mercury when you are done with an experiment like this?
Is there a way to make it pure again?
How long does it take to return to its original state? Can we have a time-lapse view?
I just watched you video on vanadium. Your comment on Amanita muscaria is interesting and I likely can add some information.
First it is a mushroom. Second in most but not all parts of the world it is hallucinogenic.
Third it is Reindeer and specifically Rudolf the Red Nose Reindeer who was flying Santa's sleigh and had a red nose because he was caught eating A. muscaria and that is why he thought he was flying.
Reference can be found in Tom Volk's mushroom of the month club. And I have found this reference in other books as well.
Bit it was also used by the Cossacks before they went into battle because it shuts down the fear centers of the brain.
The red mushrooms that are speckled with white spots/bumps Martyn is alluding to are amanita muscaria or amanita pantherina.
pls tell me how you made that amalgam.
I tried making it by mixing zinc and mercury in weak HCl to remove the oxide layer from the zinc.Even though the mercury wets the zinc it never dissolves.I need help pls
First glimpses for the win :)
Drdragonflz Yay!
***** toadstool is actually the name given to an entire genus of mushrooms. so in essence, the two words are one in the same. i can tell the Professor is a chemist and not a biologist. we need more chemists interested in biology! the professor could contribute so much to, say, venom research! great videos. keep them coming, guys. thanks!
The only use of vanadium I’ve ever known was it’s use in blade/tool steel. Apparently it makes the steel more hardenable, wether that’s to allow the steel to be harder or more easily hardened, I’m not sure.
Creates a catalyst for carbide crystals to grow
Thank you electrons
I am very interested in biologic forms using various elements in their workings. I am extremely interested in Hemocyanin (copper based hemoglobin)... Would be an interesting video, just sayin'.
I would Like to get the professors Opinion on how a Metallurgist would be classified in the Academic field of chemistry. I feel essentially they are Chemist that are specialist in metals (sometimes very specific metals). Similar to how an Organic Chemist studies Carbon or a Bio Chemist Studies Chemical reactions within living organisms. I have heard them reference Metallurgy but never as a field of Chemistry.
So the vanadium in the bottle is gaining electrons and filling its 3d orbital? Or is it losing its 3d electrons and being left with only its 4p electrons in the outer shell?
OreWaSpencer in compounds 3d is filled first, for all I know.
I meant 4s and not 4p. My mistake.
V(V) should have zero 3d electrons, V(IV) should have 1 3d, and V(II) should have 3 3d electrons. All of them with zero 4s electrons (and, well, of course zero 4p).
I'm not 100% certain, but relatively.
I think there are vanadium haloperoxidase that exist in some fungi. These are used as antioxidants as protective effect to the host species and can be poisonous to other animals or in humans.
I wonder where the vanadium in the mushrooms come from. is it widely available in the soil already??
Got it!
Pyura chilensi; the Living Rock of Peru.
Clear-pinkish blood, 10 thousand times more vanadium in the blood than in surrounding sea-water.
Eaten raw or cooked. Has bitter, Iodine-like flavor.
I would think so...
Which music/song is this being played in the beginning? It's name?
Can you guys do a video on iodine 131 please ,please,please
Titan-vanadium alloy is used for anti tank piercing shell #
23 videos in, I finally notice that his glasses have built-in side shields. Nice work, Professor. I just wear extra big goggles over my specs!
So is it less stable the more times you sake it
how much mg of vanadium per mushroom?
The colours he said were totally off compared to what was in the jar.
3:09 he says blue colour, when it is green,
3:37 its a dark blue and he calls it green.
and the end is a sort of navy blue.
The Red Mushroom allows Mario and Luigi to increase in size.
Thank you professor! I LOVE YOU SO MUCH!
What is a toadstool?
This was really fascinating
Why doesn't it also go red?