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Types of Colour Blindness
Home » About Colour Blindness » Types of Colour Blindness
There are several types of inherited colour blindness. For information on acquired colour vision defects refer to our page Acquired Colour Vision Defects
Trichromacy
Normal colour vision uses all three types of cone cells which are functioning correctly. Another term for normal colour vision is trichromacy. People with normal colour vision are known as trichromats.
Anomalous Trichromacy
People with ‘faulty’ trichromatic vision will be colour blind to some extent and are known as anomalous trichromats. In people with this condition all of their three cone cell types are used to perceive light wavelengths but one type of cone cell perceives light slightly out of alignment. There are three different types of effect produced depending upon which cone cell type is ‘faulty’ and there are also different severities.Colour Blind Awareness
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Types of Colour Blindness
Home » About Colour Blindness » Types of Colour Blindness
There are several types of inherited colour blindness. For information on acquired colour vision defects refer to our page Acquired Colour Vision Defects
Trichromacy
Normal colour vision uses all three types of cone cells which are functioning correctly. Another term for normal colour vision is trichromacy. People with normal colour vision are known as trichromats.
Anomalous Trichromacy
People with ‘faulty’ trichromatic vision will be colour blind to some extent and are known as anomalous trichromats. In people with this condition all of their three cone cell types are used to perceive light wavelengths but one type of cone cell perceives light slightly out of alignment. There are three different types of effect produced depending upon which cone cell type is ‘faulty’ and there are also different severities.
Normal Vision
Normal Vision
Deuteranopia
Deuteranopia
The different anomalous condition types are protanomaly, which is a reduced sensitivity to red light, deuteranomaly which is a reduced sensitivity to green light (the most common form of colour blindness) and tritanomaly which is a reduced sensitivity to blue light (extremely rare).
The effects of anomalous trichromatic vision can range from almost normal colour perception to almost total absence of perception of red, green or blue light.
People with deuteranomaly and protanomaly are often incorrectly diagnosed collectively as ‘red-green’ colour blind because both types generally have difficulty distinguishing between reds, greens, browns and oranges. They also commonly confuse different types of blue and purple hues and many other colour combinations.
People with reduced blue sensitivity have difficulty identifying differences between blue and yellow, violet and red and blue and green. To people with blue deficiencies the world appears as generally red, pink, black, white, grey and turquoise.
See the dichromacy images below - about half of people with anomalous trichromacy will see the world in a similar way to those with dichromacy but their ability to perceive colours may improve in good light and deteriorate in poor light. Often their colour perception can be as poor as it is for those with dichromacy. Many other people with anomalous dichromacy (those with mild colour vision deficiency) will have less problems discriminating between colours.
People with anomalous dichromacy may either have inherited colour blindness, in which case their ability to see colours will remain the same, or they may have acquired it, in which case their condition could get worse, or possibly improve over time.
Dichromacy
People with dichromatic colour vision have only two types of cone cells which are able to perceive colour i.e. they have a total absence of function of one cone cell type , resulting in a specific section of the light spectrum which can’t be perceived at all. For convenience we call these areas of the light spectrum ‘red’, ‘green’ or ‘blue’. The sections of the light spectrum which the ‘red’ and ‘green’ cone cells would normally perceive overlap significantly, so people with red and green types of colour blindness experience many similar colour confusions. This is why red and green colour vision deficiencies are often known as red/green colour blindness and why people with red and green deficiencies often see the world in a similar way.
People with protanopia are unable to perceive any ‘red’ light, those with deuteranopia are unable to perceive ‘green’ light and those with tritanopia are unable to perceive ‘blue’ light.
People with both red and green deficiencies live in a world of murky greens where blues and yellows stand out. Browns, oranges, shades of red and green are easily confused and people with both types will also confuse some blues with some purples and struggle to identify pale shades of most colours.
However, there are some specific di

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