[Introduction to Linguistics] Minimal Pairs, Phonemes, Allophones
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- Опубліковано 23 кві 2016
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In this video we start Phonology. We look at Minimal Pairs, Complementary Distribution, Phonemes, Allophones, and do some examples of variation in English and Khmer.
Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.
![[Phonology] Phonemes, Allophones, and Minimal Pairs](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/zGM8dSLCnyc/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Phonology] Phonemes, Allophones, and Minimal Pairs](/img/tr.png)
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Minimal Pairs, Allophones, Data Sets](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Fqa1dx6C_Ys/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Phonetics and Basics of Transcription](/img/n.gif)
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Thanks for your explanation ! xoxo
Thank you
So interesting and informative
Thanks
How do I figure out if something belongs to separate phonemes, or if they're allophones of one phoneme???
My recommendation is that for the example I didn't understand what the objective of the exercise was... As in 'here's the data set and the question asks us to do this...' you kind of just went into a task for which I had to retrospectively work out what the question was...Otherwise great video keep 'em coming :)
Is the voiceless l the same as velarized l? If so, does the rule "before the voiceless fricatives" always apply for the sound? What about the words "level" and "middle" where velarized l is also pronounced? The previous rule does not apply to these words.
what are tonemes and chronemes ? how can we differ between them
please can you tell us the sources from which you get these lessons ?
what is the connection of the data sets with regard to minimal pairs?
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i think there a kind of mistake in narrow transcription in defining minimal pairs to the /l/ sound in blue u should the put the cicle under the l sound in blue since whatever the aproximent l,r,w,j is following after one of the plosives the aproximent are voiced thanx.
why is love transcribed with a delta? Shouldnt it be more like an [ä] ?
hut -> [h delta t]
So it would be pronounced like "tough" in that transcription?
I'd consider them all to be the same vowel in my dialect. It may differ for you though.
It seems like a minimal pair always proves phonemic contrast, but it is not always the case right? Looking at the words 'bee' and 'tea' for instance, a minimal pair in IPA, you might think that the aspirated t is a phoneme, but actually it is an allophone of the unaspirated t.
Mm, at the very least, it tells you that [t\super{h}] and [\theta] are not perceived as being the same phoneme. You're right in that sense though. It takes a lot more than 1 set of minimal pairs to establish a full phonemic inventory.
I think aspirated and unaspirated /t/ could be phonemes depending on what language you are talking about. However, in case of English, both are the variation of the phoneme /t/. Correct me, if I am wrong. thanks.
if I was making the distinction between bit and pit in another language, how would I know that they mean the same thing? sorry if it's a stupid question, I'm like 30 pages into a textbook and starting to scratch my head =[
You'd have to ask native speakers of the language if they mean the same thing or not. You need native speakers in order to study languages. Fortunately, textbooks will often tell you what the words mean so you don't have to consult native speakers of whatever language you're working on while taking a class.
TheTrevTutor thanks!
Of course they are different in meaning
p and b have the same place of articulation but different manner
p is voiceless and b is voiced
rachid benferhat when i wrote this i was a bouncer casually reading a linguistics book. im now at the end of my first term of a linguistic degree and one of the authors of the book is my professor; so i have a better handle on this stuff now ^^
You're right. That is the case with English. However, in another language we may not know, /p/ and /b/ possibly doesn't make any distinction. Thus, both pit and bit could mean the same thing, not resulting in minimal pair.
Excuse me but how can [ i ] and [ i: ] be allophones for the phoneme /i/? Allophones do not change the meaning of a word, but pronouncing /i:/ instead of /i/ can change the meaning. Imagine the two words "ship" and "sheep", for example.
The sound in "ship" is [ɪ] and the sound in "sheep" is [i]. You could also pronounce "sheep" with [i:] and it would not change the meaning.
how many allophones does each phoneme actually have? thank you
Depends on the language
how about English, American English for specific?
I found some notes on American English and some of the phonological processes. www.siff.us.es/fil/publicaciones/apuntes/teresals/apartado%209-0.pdf
Each phoneme varies. For example, /k/ can have between 4 and 9 allophones depending on the speaker. Aspiration in stressed syllable onsets, closure in the end of words, rounding before /u/, palatalization before /i/.
Depending on how you classify it, the nasal /n/ is allophonic before some consonants (input -> imput). It's not a straightforward question to answer.
Wait what? That's not a voiceless L .... am I missing something?
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