Monoclonal Antibodies | Health | Biology | FuseSchool
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- Опубліковано 13 гру 2024
- Antibodies are the warriors inside our body. They are part of our immune system, recognising and fighting against bad foreign invaders, called antigens.
Antibodies can bind to a broad range of antigens, and are produced by cells of the immune system, known as B-cells.
To learn more about antibodies and antigens, watch this video.
Antibodies can be used for medical and diagnostic applications, in the form of monoclonal antibodies.
So, what are monoclonal antibodies?
The word monoclonal means a single clone.
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced in laboratories from a single clone of immune cells.
The cloned immune cells are genetically completely identical. And so the antibodies they produce are also identical to one another. Which is perfect - to work properly, we need large numbers of identical antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies have a high specificity, which means they can recognize and bind to a single antigen binding site. This means they are targeted to a specific antigen, and is a key trait that makes them useful in diagnosing and treating diseases.
So how are they produced?
Well first off we need an immune system. Which is why we use mice.
In a laboratory, a mouse is vaccinated with the target antigen.
This stimulates the B-cells, found in the spleen, to produce antibodies against the target antigen.
The spleen of the mouse is then removed.
The B-cells in the spleen are isolated, and fused with a tumour cell. We need to fuse the antibody-producing b cells with a tumour cell, because the b-cells don’t have the ability to divide. BUT tumours however do divide easily.
This fusion cell is called a Hybridoma cell.
The hybridoma cells reproduce rapidly to make cloned cells, which all make the same antibody.
These monoclonal antibodies are collected and purified, ready for use. They match up perfectly with the target antigens in the body. And are made in huge quantities.
Monoclonal antibodies are potentially really exciting, and can be used in a number of ways...
I bet you didn’t know antibodies were used in pregnancy tests!!
Monoclonal antibodies on the pregnancy test stick bind to the HCG hormone found in the urine of pregnant women causing a colour change.
Monoclonal antibodies can target the antigens on cancer cells and be used in a number of ways...
Firstly, by combining them with an anti-cancer drug which can then accurately locate and target only the cancer cells or avoiding the healthy cells.
Secondly for detection… they can carry special markers which show doctors where the cancerous cells are starting to build up.
Thirdly, they can be used to trigger the body’s own immune system to recognise and kill the cancer cells
They can also be used to identify other diseases and locate blood clots.
So those are a few uses… but are they all good?
We’ve seen the positives, so what are some criticisms? They are expensive and time-consuming to produce… they have more side effects than expected; and they are too specific meaning that whilst yes they can diagnose and attack diseases, they only can attack one type each time. A more diverse and adaptable solution would be better.
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This video is so simple, easy to understand yet very informative. Thank you!!
You're very welcome! Glad you liked it!
this is the most simplest and viewer friendly video on this topic so far I've seen. You guys are amazing! please keep on making more videos like this
Thank you! Will do!
Just like all the comments I agree this is so simple and easy to understand. Really helps with my studies and revision. There are also videos like this on all sorts of topics.
Great to hear! Thanks for your support.
I m in love with this man. Who is spekaing behind this video.. he explained it so well.. thanku so much... May god bless u a good life.. with no stress
Thank you so much 😊 So nice of you!
In fact this video is concise and precise
We want more !! I have watched all biology videos and I am on chemistry now.
Another excellent video from Fuseschool
Thank you @Harold Garner
Thanyou so much this really helped ! keep making these kind of videos ! i can see the amount of effort and money that goes into making these videos ! GOOD JOB!
Thank you! Glad you like it!
This is what the world should spend it’s resources on not other unnecessities
yeah lets abolish feeding starving kids in africa
I have been proscribed Adulimumab Humira, Tm) for Psoriassi, thanks for a simple clear explanation of what a mono clonal antibody is. Cost well , currently about 740 pounds sterling a dose.
Who's here after Covid and application of Monoclonal Antibodies
My teacher linked a different video and I could not find the answers I have been sitting here 2 hours straight to then come to ur video and this is the only video that helped with the questions thank u so much 😘😘
Glad it helped!
this is so informative. thank you so much, you deserve more views.
Thank you! Appreciate it!
Did this in class and didn't understand. Thank you!!!!
Glad it helped!
An amazing explanation😍😍 thank u
Glad you liked it!
Really nice animation, helped visualise what was being explained. Thanks!
Glad it was helpful!
This is so helpful and great!
Glad it was helpful!
Thanks for the easy explanation 👍
You are welcome!
REALLY REALLY good and helpful video. 🙌
Glad it was helpful!
very useful and fun to watch thanks
Glad you enjoyed it!
SO helpful, many thanks for your great effort.
Glad it was helpful! 💜
that was great and more informative, can you go even more deeper
Best explanation👌👌
Glad you think so!
Simple , Clear and very Explanative :)
Glad you think so!
Superb really, excellent video
Thanks a lot!
Wonderful
this was great, thank you
Thank you!
well explained thank you
Thanks! Glad you liked it!
That was really helpful! Thankssss
Glad it was helpful!
Good sir
Brilliant!
Thank you!
Thank you!!!
No problem!
simple and clear .. thank you so much !
Glad it helped!
Very nice synopsis
Thank you kindly
Please make a video on the topic of platelets
I thought B-cells can divide by mitosis, please explain why they don't have the ability to divide in this situation
Nice and easy. Thanks
Most welcome 😊
Pleasr make video on biopotency test of mab
best video, thank you so much
So nice of you!
Great video, thank you for this information!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Really great video! I have a question, are the monoclonal antibodies which are from the mouse’s spleen the ones used for the pregnancy tests and other treatments?
Thank you so much for this video!!
Glad it was helpful!
nice Explanation
Thank you!
thank you for this video.,.
No problem!
Do you know what the target is for Multiple Sclerosis monoclonal antibody drugs?
So good !!!!
Amazing 👍🏻
Thanks 😁
Thank you so much
No problem!
What are the side effects?
aw the way you spelled tumor...awwww
i grew up in Nigeria before we moved to America so the spelling takes me back to home where we use"our" instead or "or" as in Flavour not flavor lol.
Why is the monoclonal antibody kit kept in ice cold condition?
Fantastic!
Many thanks!
thanks
No problem
Thank you😄
You're welcome 😊
Do the Eli Lily and Regeneron treatments contain mRNA? Spike proteins?
Killer bee's. That foreign species invasion of an ecosystem. Bighead Asian carp. Artificial antibodies invading an immune system. Hmmmm what might go wrong????
Thanks!
No worries!
thank you!
No worries!
Thank u 😊
No problem 😊
I FINALLY UNDERSTAND🤣✨🔥🤯
Awesome! 😃
Understood*
Antibody can change or not
How expensive?
How animation is done ?! Can you tell me the programs used
We use After Effects
WOW!
great vid!
Thanks!
really helpful ！thank u！！！！
Glad it helped!
Science lesson
ধন্যবাদ
পাশে থাকবেন
What pogram did you use :)
We use After Effects
useful!
Thanks!
why cant we use the antibodies from someone who has recovered from covid ??
thank u so muchhhh this was amazing i finally understood it
Mot welcome! Glad it helped!
Why are mouse used for immune system instead of other animals?
👏👏👏👏👏
the exams today boys
How'd you do?
This lecture was amazing, but there is a question: If we are using mouse antigens against those antigens, doesn't the human body produce antibodies against them and neutralize them?
What is the difference between monoclonal antibodies and the covid-vaccines? Are there not also cloned antibodies injected into our body?
O.K..
However,
What Is Anti-M‼️🤷🏽♀️🤦🏽♀️🤷🏽♀️‼️
educational and not boring- did you guys spread the virus to bring us here? 5 stars
NICKI MINJA QUEEN OF RAP
I will be giving you a detention next week
Or you can just develop a strong immunity.
Doesn't our immune systems already do this???
Think of it as NOS for the immune system. It's adding "reinforcements" to your body so it can fight off the targeted bacteria or virus.
Spleen is removed after killing the mice
rip no comments apart from me
Who's here from teams
Wonder how many mice die to save one person from covid-19?
Hi
Hi
@@fuseschool wassup
Surviving the pandemic. You?
@@fuseschool just chillin learning new things, got any new vids stirring up?
Nice! Yeah, uploading every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday :) you can get notified if you hit that bell button next to "subscribed".
solution: stop eating junk food
1st like
Why have we got to test it on animals ☹️
no rat stuff in me ty . But for some reason they reducing these for republican cities so I guess its good
gay
They come from mice!? 🤮
thank you so much.
Always welcome!
thanks
No problem