Theories of Counseling - Behavior Therapy
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- Опубліковано 8 вер 2024
- This video explains the theory of Behavior Therapy as applied to mental health counseling. A summary of Behavior Therapy and opinion on how specific aspects can be used in integrative counseling are reviewed.
I love this video! I always get confused on conditioned and unconditioned response and stimulus. But this was definitely helpful!
I love the technique of positive reinforcement. I use that with my students at work. It encourages them to continue to do the right thing and shows them that by doing so, you will get positive results.
Behavior therapy is one of my favorite approaches. I work with children so it is applicable in educational settings. The kids respond well to the reward system, especially in my classroom.
After viewing the videos in this playlist and discussing the other theories of counseling, I can understand how counselors engaging in behavioral therapy can come off cold and distant, especially when compared to the more humanistic counseling theories (i.e. existential, person-centered, and gestalt therapies). Integration of these theories with behavioral therapy could prevent that from occurring and assist the counselor in establishing a healthy, positive therapeutic relationship and working alliance with their client. I personally like the directness of this approach, the techniques, and the clear goals associated with this therapy.
Liz I also like the techniques used in Behavioral therapy. I agree that this therapy can seem "cold-shouldered", especially when using a highly-structured environment approach. It is important to remember to maintain the therapeutic relationship and have empathy for the client. However, many of the techniques have proven to be great and beneficial when working with children. I have seen token economy and modeling used in my previous jobs working with children and also in many classrooms.
I really like the systematic desensitization technique. I find it interesting that a therapist would use an object and how it relates to the cause of fear. Using the object that causes the least fear and intensifies the fear more & more. Example: 1) thoughts about a spider 2) picture of a spider 3)having a real spider in the room
I often find myself getting confused with the different aspects of classical conditioning however this video explained it in a very understandable way and I found this extremely helpful. I also like the concept of systematic desensitization and could be very helpful in certain situations.
The issue of observational learning through modeling interest me a great deal. I heard a lecture last year by another professor who made the connection of how dysfunctional or unproductive behaviors are often times passed down through generations through observational learning and modeling. I see that progression in the juveniles i work with every day. Their anti social behaviors are embedded into their personalities because it has been modeled in their environments. Interesting concepts for sure
+don wilson I agree, I think that observational learning plays a huge role in a person's life and how they will think and act.
+don wilson The same thing goes with modeling productive behaviors. I think a child seeing their parents go to work/school everyday and constantly striving for better sets a good example for that child to follow as they grow older. Its like the saying, "Be the change you want to see in the world". If you want others to do better, allow them to follow your lead.
It appears that positive behavioral patterns are even more susceptible to embedment, likely because anti-social behaviors are actually more natural and require less social reinforcement.
Great video - the information compressed into 29 mins is amazing. I fell in love with behavioral activation a while ago, but I'm not sure I've applied it properly. Still, I'm going to try (and learn) to apply positive/negative reinforcement and modeling.
This video was very informative and helped me gain a better understanding about the differences between both, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical focuses on the exposure to a stimulus that leads to a specific response. Operant focuses on how behaviors lead to a certain consequence whether it negative or positive.
Excellent video! This information was clear, concise, and truly helped me to grasp the different techniques within Behavior Therapy. Thank you!
This video enlightened me on topics I have always found confusing, classical and operant conditioning. It is also noteworthy that Behavior Therapy is effective in treating clients with phobias or anxiety. The clinician strives to ensure that goals are specific and measurable, however, they may not always be. The therapeutic alliance is very important in effecting change in the client.
I like that this video explained concepts in Behavior Therapy that I had not known or considered before. For example, I liked learning about the Triadic Reciprocal Interaction System and how environmental factors, personal factors, and behaviors interact with each other. I think it is always important to understand the context of a situation (or behavior), and I was interested in learning how behavior therapists understand this interaction with the environment. Similarly, I have learned about a token economy in the past (such as in an early education classroom setting) but had never thought of its usefulness as a therapeutic technique as well.
This video was a refresher regarding classical conditioning and operant conditioning. The techniques of theory of personality were better explained in this video. The examples and when to use the techniques proved helpful. I have a better understanding as to when to utilize these techniques with particular client concerns such as anxiety and fear.
Behavior Therapy is useful in becoming aware of self destructive behaviors that may be effecting the well being or quality of life for the client. I didn't realize that negative reinforcement and punishment were not used in techniques. That was interesting to me. Sometimes an unproductive behavior is reinforced and a productive behavior becomes extinct or a negative behavior has been modeled. I think it's important to integrate behavior therapy because it is so useful in self awareness and productivity.
Watching this video for a second time was helpful in refreshing my memory on behavioral therapy. I had forgotten some of the techniques so I was able to relearn things that I had forgotten.
I also find myself often going back and watching videos that I remember from previous courses to help with present courses or homework assignments. It is a great way for me to refresh as well. Behavior therapy is one I imagine myself using a lot as a counselor so this video was very helpful and descriptive.
Thank you so much Dr. Grande😊
I'm leaning so much even about myself, I also see plenty of flaws in everyday people... I love learning about all of your Theories... they have definitely helped me.
Thank you 😊🌹
I enjoyed the video of Behavior Therapy. It was a nice review of what I have learned in my Theories class and my psychology classes. I think that positive and negative reinforcement is very effective and can be applied to many different situations. I also like this therapy because they have many different techniques.
What I like about behavioral therapy is the ability to measure specific goals. A helper and their client can see measurable improvements in a phobia or anxiety through behavioral techniques. This will be encouraging for the client and will allow the therapist to change strategies if one technique proves less effective.
+Barbara Hoffman I also stated in my post that I like this type of therapy because specific goals can be measured. I think being able to see an adjustment is very encouraging opposed to uncertainty.
+Barbara Hoffman I agree it's interesting to see how goals are noticeable and how change can be measured as well as observed. Seeing a positive change occur such as the desensitization of a phobia or anxiety can have such a great impact on a clients life.
I use this therapy on a daily basis, since I work with children who have behavioral issues. Thus, I use many reward and punishment techniques. In the long run, my main goal is to condition my clients to behave appropriately without my constant assistance (reminders, directives, prompts, and so forth). These techniques are manipulative, but they are effective and non-harmful. Further, I have seen much progress over the past 2 and half years with my clients at work. Moreover, I feel the biggest factor for this therapy to be effective is being consistent, which can be difficult if you're not mindful.
I like the concept of Behavior therapy and can see myself using behavior therapy approaches. However, I believe that human is much more complex than the theory of behavior therapy. I think that this therapy is a bit traditional, and that integrative therapy with some of the more modern and humanistic therapies would be more beneficial to facilitate therapeutic change.
I enjoyed reviewing the many techniques of behavior therapy, I do not recall the Premack principle, do something you don't like and reward yourself with something you do like. I also like the fact that behaviors are targeted and both the client and the counselor work together to achieve the set goals of therapy.
Systematic desensitization was not a concept I've learned a lot about and I found it very interesting. It is almost like counter-conditioning but with the client understanding the behavioral response and combating it with calm instead of conditioning against it. Premack principle is something that was just talked about in class and hearing it again, I keep thinking of it so similarly to rewards but it is a bit more complicated in that the behavior and reward are in the hands of the client. I think behaviorism gains a lot of criticism as being cold and manipulative but the goals reflect a real concern about the client both setting and achieving goals and an internal sense of efficacy.
Interesting video. Thanks for explaining how the behaviourism and cognitive aspects of CBT tie in with theory.
I think positive reinforcement is one of the most important tools you can use in the mental health field. What person doesn't want to be told they are doing a good job? I see how useful it is in my job working with kids in school. In a classroom especially, it is often very difficult to ignore the bad behavior, but I have seen how effective it is to use positive reinforcement to increase wanted behavior. It can completely change the relationship you have with someone. I think behavior theory is also good because definitive goals can be identified by client and counselor and they can be objectively measured. This can make a client feel better about the progress they are making in counseling.
Behavior therapy seems very interesting to me. I was surprised that negative reinforcement is not used in therapy and is only used as a concept. I think negative reinforcement can be very helpful for others. For example, Dr. Grande explained how an alarm clock would likely result in a person getting out of bed. I think this would be useful as a take-home homework technique for clients who lack motivation. I think it is very important that this theory emphasizes awareness of how people act differently to changing stimuli, such as when we treat some people differently than others. It is interesting to study the reasoning behind these behaviors of discrimination. I think that the modeling behaviors and token economy techniques can be very effective, and I noticed that they are often used when working with young children. I also like the technique imaginal flooding because it can be used for situational fears that cannot be arranged with showing objects, such as in systematic desensitization. I would like to try the premack principle on myself to see how it can increase my own behavior of avoiding chores.
I really like behavior therapy. I have found that positive reinforcement is very effective when working with children, but feel like it could also be helpful. I also like the approach to setting goals in behavior therapy. I believe that clients may need a level of support from the counselor, which this therapy allows.
This seems to be the exact theory I use as a parent! Ha! But really... this should be parenting 101. I relate to this theory for creating change with guided reinforcement. There are so many techniques to use and tune into a client with multiple variables. I appreciate that the goals are measured, tangible, and structured.
I can see how this theory can be perceived as somewhat cold, because it stems from a scientific approach. However, adding the components of empathy and authenticity can make it a warmer approach. Having said that, the techniques regarding reinforcement, both positive and negative, can be extremely useful. Too often in broken homes, especially where abuse and addictions run rampant, dysfunctional behaviors are learned, conditioned and reinforced. These techniques of counterconditioning, modeling, shaping, and token economies can prove to be beneficial is assisting the extinction of these dysfunctional behaviors, while introducing and conditioning new, functional behaviors.
After viewing the video, I learned many techniques that counselors may use during behavioral therapy. I like the concept of Imaginal flooding when it pertains to reducing anxiety.
I like that counselors don’t use negative reinforcement and punishment as techniques. If they were used, I can imagine how a client may not trust their counselor and be unwilling to change if they didn’t not feel supported. Since those techniques are not used, self efficacy can be learned by clients. If clients observe their counselors modeling what preferred/adaptive behaviors may look like, they may be more inclined to achieve self efficacy.
I thought the systematic desensitization technique was really interesting and could actually be very useful when trying to help clients overcome certain fears, phobias, or anxieties. It was helpful the way Dr. Grande explained the different levels and steps that are used in order to reduce the fear of the spider. I think it's important for us to learn as counselors-in the making that therapy is a process and many steps may need to be taken to help the clients.
I like the idea of systematic desensitizing and it is a technique that is being used a lot with clients's with different phobias, and it actually helps to reduce or eliminate some of the phobias or fear.
I have a friend whose daughter is TERRIFIED of dogs. I think this idea - though time consuming - would be fantastic! Patience would be key. In fact, I think I could use this for myself on a few things!
I am grateful for a review of this theory. I work with autistic children and we use many of these techniques everyday including the token system, positive reinforcement and shaping. However, one of the problems we have is when the reinforcers are now longer reinforcing and the old behaviors return. We often struggle with finding adequate replacements.
Behavioral Therapy seems like an effective therapy to help people change behaviors. We tend to use the basis of Behavioral therapy when working with children. The positive and negative reinforcements work well with children's behaviors.
I think it is interesting the behavior therapy is particularly effective for phobias and anxiety, I see those two issues as difficult to get ahead of, with regard to learning to control or manage them.
Behavior therapy and its use of positive and negative reinforcements seems like an effective means to wean people away from undesirable behaviors. I have seen this demonstrated with smoking and and weight loss.
Thanks so much Dr 🙏🏿
This approach is used in many mental health agencies that service children and youth. I agree that this approach can lack unconditional positive regard and empathy. I believe this is due to the strict policies implemented that requires limited time to work with children and youth. Incorporating these facilitative relationship conditions may help increase goal achievement.
+Kimeesha Reed-Walker Additionally, these techniques are used in special education settings. Premack, token economy, modeling, positive reinforcement, and shaping are all used to teach positive behaviors in children with special needs.
I use several behavior techniques when working with children particularly positive reinforcement. I praise their positive behaviors such as being polite, sharing, or listening. I also model positive behavior. Token economy has also helped in reinforcing their behavior and they get very excited about the backup reinforcer.
+Ariadna Aguero When working with children, I can see the value of positive reinforcement. Children response well to praise. Adults have an impact on the behavior of children and being a positive role model provides children a positive example to follow.
+Ariadna Aguero I completely agree with using positive reinforcement, and I have also gotten a lot of positive feedback when using the Token economy when working with children and youth. It seems to be in my experience, once you find what motivates the youth then you can motivate them for change.
I often find the UCS, UCR, R, and CS to be very confusing in classical conditioning. I found Dr. Grande's example with the spider to be very helpful. I like how there are different techniques to choose from in this type of therapy. I also thought that Dr. Grande made a good point in his opinion section where he said that reinforcement and modeling are used in other therapies, even if they are not called by those names.
I also like that there are different techniques to choose from with behavioral therapy! I personally find it frustrating when the humanistic theories of counseling have no clear, well defined techniques for treatment. I get confused in those instances when determining how to effectively assist a client.
I found his opinion interesting too because I found myself intrigued by reinforcements however, not completely over the moon with behavior therapy as a whole but it's nice to know you can use these techniques in multiple therapies.
I'm with you Monica. I always struggled with this, but I think the fact that it is specific and measurable to get a particular goal. I do fear that the lack of emphasis on a therapeutic alliance is detrimental. I can appreciate this being integrated with other theories.
For me, this theory goes back to the basics and has aspects that have been talked about over and over since my psychology class in high school such as classical and operant conditioning. These two types of conditioning seems like a really good way to either increase desired behaviors or decrease undesired behaviors but these methods are limited to the type of clients that you are working with as well as their presenting problems. I do like that conditioning and reinforcements can be used on both children and adults. The techniques in this theory are really great. I like that they can be used to shape anyones behavior and they don't have to just be used in a counseling session. How many of you had some sort of token economy set up by your elementary school teacher? I know that I did in my classes and these techniques worked.
+Melissa Hansbury I was just thinking about the token economy system as well. Not only as a child, but my HR department has a token economy set up for adult employees who attend trainings. We literally receive green tokens to redeem for gift cards and vacation days and it reinforces our behaviors to attend the optional trainings!
+Anah Galloway Yea, I definitely love the token economy technique. I think it's a concept that can be applied anywhere and can bring about some great positive behaviors and also increase an individual's or group's level of motivation! It acts like a goal, and I think giving people things to work for is a good way to promote positive change.
+Anah Galloway I think using token economy in businesses is a great idea to reinforce positive behaviors in the work place, I'm sure it makes you feel so good and want to work towards those things! It could also be useful to people when they are trying to change their own behavior. With things like trying to increase frequency of exercising or eating better, you can motivate yourself with rewards.
+Anah Galloway I too have worked in an environment that utilized the token economy and this process truly motivate individuals in the work place. I also like the use of positive reinforcement to help assist individuals make changes to improve current situations.
This video was okay, I think the information was not new to me and so it was easy to follow along
I wonder if imaginal flooding would be as effective as systematic desensitization especially since most people are not very good at imagining things or scenarios, or the reaction may not be as pronounced as when they are actually in the presence of the object of their fear.
I would have thought that to condition a stimulus the thing one is exposed to (spider for example) would occur prior to the neutral stimulus (flashing light ringing bell etc) for it to be result in a conditioned response. Is order critical here and if so why?
Because Behavior therapy is very oriented on assessing and extinguishing target behaviors, without direct time and attention given to the affect felt and demonstrated by the client, I wonder and worry about the loss of therapeutic alliance....I'm sure any given therapist runs the risk of not empathetically connecting with his or her client, though the very directive of BT and its specific techniques proposes an inherent challenge. I can, however, get down with the ways in which BT moves beyond the etiology of the symptoms, as for some clients that may be the best way to proceed. In the text, it mentions the therapy's success during a span of time as long as two years post-therapy, but I'm curious if longitudinally, someone is 'cured' from their behavior or if they need to seek another mode of counseling later in life.
+Kyara Panula I also reflected on the loss of therapeutic alliance. As Dr. Grande mentioned in the video, this therapy can come across as cold or calculated since the goals and techniques are so specific and measurable. I think this theory is slightly less appealing to me because of this impression. However, I also appreciate the directive and measurable impact these techniques can have with a client if used appropriately.
+Kyara Panula I too wonder about the therapeutic alliance when using this therapy. However it does seem as though it would be effective in helping clients overcome their particular fears or anxieties. I do work with these types of techniques and there are times when the reinforcer no longer works and the old behaviors return. We often struggle to find replacements.
+Kyara Panula Working with victims of domestic violence, this is something that I encounter because I am helping them set goals & achieve them in addition to providing counseling services to overcome the feelings of low self-esteem, self-worth, dependency, self-blame and other feelings associated with being in a domestic violence relationship. I think it comes down to finding a balance between the therapeutic relationship and setting & achieving goals; sometimes this is easier with some clients than with others. I have found though that the stronger the therapeutic relationship is the more successful the client is at achieving their goals.
+Anah Galloway I have to agree with you and Kyara in that this theory seems very direct and almost too scientific. There does not really seem to be room for much emotion in this theory and I also wonder if the therapeutic relationship suffers because of this. I feel that this theory is beneficial when trying to extinguish behaviors like Kyara said but I do also wonder if they would need a different type of therapy later on in life because this approach was so direct. Anah, I agree with you that this technique is not as appealing as some of the other ones because of the lack of emotion that it presents.
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What do you mean by 'theory of personality'?
Very good
Thank you -
I can't really appreciate this theory because to me it is always associated with Pavlov and conditioning animals. I think people are far more complex and talking about conditioning is a bit of a reductionism. Techniques as systematic desensitization in phobias sounds like they create a lot of stress and pushes the client to much.
I can understand where you are coming from when you say this therapy is associated with Pavolv and Conditioning animals. From my understanding, phobias are formed from using defense mechanisms too much. Phobias are interesting and I plan to research more about them.
Yeah, you have to make the decision of whether you want to avoid pushing the client to voluntarily face stress or whether you want to help the client accomplish difficult and uncomfortable tasks. Observation indicates that you generally can't do both.
I find every one of you videos very helpful.. but the stupid ads disrupts the flow
Token = banana stickers.