Hello Sabine, I got your book Lost in Math as a Christmas present, so far I'm really enjoying the read and your writing style (in particular your humor). I'd like to say thank you for inspiring me (someone who's still in school, but plans to go into physics) and many others.
Love your handle, mate. Classic. Best wishes with your learning. Sabine should write college courses. Humour is a sorely underrepresented area of education!
WHY THE OVERALL SHAPE AND BASICALLY CONSTANT FORM OF WHAT IS THE MOON GENERALLY MANIFEST AS SUCH PURSUANT TO THE UNIVERSAL FACT THAT E=MC2 IS (AND MUST BE) F=MA: Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. INSTANTANEITY is FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical EXPERIENCE. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT !!!!! Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. SO, the Earth is fully time dilated ON BALANCE. What is the Earth, what is the Sun, and what is the Moon are governed by E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE in accordance with the necessary condition that this does then involve what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. What is the Moon is moving AND not moving (IN BALANCE) in relation to both the Sun AND the Earth, as invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE in fundamental and UNIVERSAL EQUILIBRIUM and balance explains why E=mc2 IS F=ma; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON then NECESSARILY matches it's revolution; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE MOON is thus a frozen/constant or "dead"/unchanging form in perpetual motion as necessitated by the Earth/Sun BALANCE that fundamentally governs and generally shapes it IN ACCORDANCE WITH the UNIVERSAL fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT. I have mathematically explained or proven why there is NO RESISTANCE regarding WHAT IS THE MOON in BALANCED RELATION to the Sun AND the Earth, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; as this CLEARLY then explains the perpetual motion of WHAT IS THE MOON. Alas, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. I have explained why objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Beautiful. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE EARTH/ground is E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, as this CLEARLY then also explains why we do not feel the rotation of WHAT IS THE EARTH. Alas, what is THE MOON is a linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to the Earth AND what is the Sun; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Accordingly, the Moon remains the same (or basically constant) insofar as it's rotation necessarily matches it's revolution. Indeed, the SPACE that the Moon occupies is understood as being FULLY formed/manifest. The motion of the Moon (thus defined) FIXES, defines, or encompasses RELATIONAL motion. The relationally VARIABLE EXPERIENCE of what is THE EARTH/ground is thus directly comparable to what is then understood as the INVARIANT form of what is the Moon (ON BALANCE), AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! By Frank DiMeglio
WHY ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY: Gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This is consistent WITH F=ma AND E=mc2, as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. So, inertia/inertial resistance is proportional to (or balanced with/as) gravitational force/energy; as this balances AND unifies ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy AND gravity; as this balances gravity AND inertia. In other words, GRAVITATIONAL force/energy is proportional to (or balanced with/as) inertia/inertial resistance; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. Accordingly, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is proven. Energy has/involves gravity, AND energy has/involves inertia/inertial resistance. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is balanced ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL force/energy, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. By Frank DiMeglio
"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Alumni" has given the following writing the thumbs up on their page: A very great breakthrough in physics. The pages "Physics of the COSMOS (Book Series)" and "House of Mathematics" have given the following writing the thumbs up on their pages. FULLY UNDERSTANDING E=MC2 AND F=MA: E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is PROVEN by BOTH F=ma AND E=mc2. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL (IN BALANCE), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. It ALL makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Time dilation ALSO proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THINK about it. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS CLEARLY GRAVITY. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL (IN BALANCE), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL FORCE/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. PERFECT. It is proven. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is FULLY INVISIBLE AND black. By Frank DiMeglio
THE CLEAR AND UNDENIABLE PROOF OF THE FACT THAT E=MC2 IS F=MA: E=mc2 IS F=ma. With the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE AND the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE in fundamental equilibrium AND BALANCE, a given PLANET (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) necessarily sweeps out EQUAL AREAS in equal times in accordance with perpetual motion AND the UNIVERSAL fact that E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is then CLEARLY proven to be gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma IN BALANCE. Importantly, BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, as E=mc2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME CLEARLY necessitates and proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Great. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is THE EARTH. Notice the black space of THE EYE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. Now, carefully consider what is the semi-spherical, translucent, QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL, AND BLUE SKY. Great. E=mc2 IS F=ma. It is CLEAR. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential. What is THE EYE is ALSO the body ON BALANCE. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great !!! The EARTH/ground CLEARLY constitutes what is the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE. Now consider what is the blue sky. The Earth is ALSO BLUE as water. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Now, VERY CAREFULLY consider what is BALANCED BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE. Great !!!! Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; AND the Moon is necessarily fixed or basically constant in it's form and shape.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. (Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE.) E=MC2 IS F=ma as what is the middle distance in/of SPACE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. So, gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Great. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Beautiful. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great. THEREFORE: E=MC2 AS F=MA CLEARLY PROVES (ON BALANCE) WHY AND HOW THE PROPER AND FULL UNDERSTANDING OF TIME (AND TIME DILATION) UNIVERSALLY ESTABLISHES THE FACT THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY: A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Indeed, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. I have mathematically unified physics/physical experience, as I have CLEARLY proven that E=mc2 IS F=ma in what is a truly universal and BALANCED fashion. By Frank DiMeglio
As a biologist you understand man-made nuclear isotopes mimic organic compounds??? do you know what that means ???? and where they go???? likes cesium 137 to the heart muscle....As a biologist you understand man-made nuclear isotopes mimic organic compounds NO I Like Cancer & ionizing radiation you love it ha ha School Stupid U R
@@frankdimeglio8216 What kind of brainwashing technique is that, you've said that "E=mc2 is F=ma" about 24 times! the hell, and E=mc2 IS NOT F=ma, the former "is the conversion between energy and mass", and latter "describes how an object moves with a force applied to it"
@@thinksie THE SIMPLE, PROPER, FULL, AND BALANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE SHAPE, FORM, AND RELATIONAL MOTION OF WHAT IS THE MOON IN UNIVERSAL ACCORDANCE WITH THE FACT THAT E=MC2 IS F=MA: What is THE MOON is moving AND not moving IN BALANCED RELATION to the Earth AND the Sun AS a linked AND BALANCED opposite in accordance with the UNIVERSAL fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. THEREFORE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON necessarily matches it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the shape AND form of the Moon is basically constant or invariant. The Moon is a BALANCED MIDDLE DISTANCE manifestation or form that is in fundamental accordance with the Earth/Sun BALANCE pursuant to the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!! Therefore, the Moon is electromagnetically/gravitationally extended AND contracted ON BALANCE in true agreement with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravitational force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. By Frank DiMeglio
I have been exposed to radiation in high doses, additionally my x wife also. My x wife developed Graves disease as mentioned by Sabina here, and she did take the radioactive Iodine pill and it worked flawlessly. On a side note, they typically give you the option of actual surgery to remove portions of your thyroid gland however this surgery is very risky and has potential of significant morbidity. I had a very large pituitary tumor that surgery was unsuccessful at removing and so I had radiation treatment to render it inert. The technical term for the treatment I received was fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy treatments over 30 days once per day. I will say, if you are exposed to beams of proton radiation in your head you can feel it hitting you and it manifests as a bright blue light, sorta like a cross between the blue of lightning and a tanning bed. When I received a blast of this radiation I could feel it hitting my forehead or the top of my head or back like someone pointing a garden hose at me with blue light pouring out. The oncologist explained to me that an outside observer does not see the light , it's the radiation hitting my optic nerves and "inducing" the perception of bright blue light. the treatment I received was from a system called Novalis Tx and it saved my life.
while I was being treated with radiation I was given high doses of steroids, Prednisone, to combat the swelling of my brain. after it was completed most of my hair grew back except for a round spot sorta in top back but not in the normal spot men lose their hair at. for about 2 years after I experienced face blindness, loss of long term memory, adrenal insufficiency crisis and behavioral changes. My pituitary is basically a empty husk laying at the bottom of the sella turcica so I must take all the hormones normally induced by the gland, thyroid, cortisone, testosterone. I struggle with depression and pain as replacement of cortical steroids orally doesn't come close to how the body manages it via the HPA axis. The years of having a bi producing tumor over 3 cm caused me to have metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but surprisingly my eyesight is intact with no noticeable damage to my optic nerves.
I discovered your chanel just now and I'm in love with it, I'm already two days straight watching many videos I always had curiosity to know about and always thought "why no one explain this?" And here you are, explaining so much, so scientifically, your uses of logic are amazing, thank you so much for your videos
Sabine, thank you very much. You’re a brilliant communicator and it’s always a pleasure to learn from you. I appreciate your deep knowledge and your critical thinking.
Good job of explaining radiation. You are correct about the complexity of radiation safety. I was the radiation safety officer for three companies. While you can predict the effects of an acute high level exposure long term effects of an exposure for an individual is unpredictable, yet statistically significant for a group of individuals receiving a similar dose. Probably the worst thing for an individual is a long term low level dose from an ingested substance. Smoking is one such ingestion mechanism. Radon in the smoke is deposited in the lungs as a radioactive isotope of lead. Body tissues are exposed continuously to low level radiation, many individuals then develop lung cancer. And that is an over simplification. I have seen the whole body radiation counts for smokers, their lungs "glow" bright!!
Sabine, thank you for your nice explanation. I am a physicist, and what immediately caught my attention (I almost spilled my coffee) is your definition of radiation as "energy transfer by waves or particles". Actually, I never bored to define for myself what "radiation" exactly means, because every time it is clear from the context what I am dealing with (sometimes to remove the ambiguity we use word "radiation" in combination with other words like "electromagnetic radiation", "acoustic radiation"). But, if we decide to define radiation, I would exclude "particle" from this definition. Otherwise, you cannot distinguish between radiation and convection, or you have to admit, that electric current is radiation (because in both cases energy is transferred by particles). We do not want to climb this rabbit hole.
I was surprised by this definition too. Tbh I had always assumed radiation was a shorthand for electromagnetic radiation in most context. And occasionally it also included fast moving individual particles like cosmic rays, alpha particles, etc. Then I googled the definition and it doesn't seem very consistent 😂
I am relatively new to your channel and I want to say how much I appreciate the videos you make. I love science but I am not well educated in it. I appreciate your genius of being able to simplify subjects - but not TOO simple. Really, your work is just perfect for someone like me. Thanks
Hi Sabine!!! I want to express two things: firstly I really appreciate your teachings in Physics. I’ve been involved because of my studies with a certain amount of physics in the past and I eagerly follow some scientists to learn a little more about our Universe. Secondly I saw your video about Speaking English and I can say that I really like to hear you speaking!!! It’s a neutral accent and I, being for Argentina and having Spanish as my mother tongue, really appreciate each and every word you speak. And believe me, I can cope with English without any problem but I’m far away from an educated English speaking person, but you DON’T have a single mistake! It’s really a pleasure watch your videos just for knowledge of both, science and English. Thank you! I really admire you!!!! Kisses from Argentina!!!
@@doomedtolinger2213 nah, no damages here. I wasn't actually drinking my coffee near my phone at the time of seeing it, so no harm, no foul. But I _did_ happily give you a like for it!
7:38 the sounds cuts in the last part of the sentece, what did i miss? ..."also cause"... I so like how you present and the down to earth way you are able to present all these subjects, i so wished you where my teacher 25 years ago.
Is it misogynist to make a comment on your incredible dresses? I watch your videos because the contents are brilliant. But they sure are a lot easier to watch when it's presented by someone of such astonishing beauty.
Agree with the Great Courses recommendation. I have gotten several and the one that impressed me most was "Thermodynamics: Four Laws That Move the Universe". (There are probably many others worth viewing.)
I like that new animations and effects! The overall quality of your videos gets better and better every time! Can't wait for more people to be interested in your content :)
13:20 *Radiation hormesis* sounds like a variant of "what doesn't break you makes you stronger." That idea works in many other cases-vaccines, physical exercise, tanning-up to a point. But it's too easy to get over-motivated, push boundaries, and end up with paralytic poliomyelitis, torn muscles, and carcinoma. Playing around with radiation is particularly dangerous. Talking about (nuclear) radiation or nuclear energy always causes a strong reaction in me. Images of Marie Curie, Eben Byers, Richard Feynman, Litvinenko, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Hanford Site etc. flash in front of my eyes forcefully and involuntarily. You can be sure I'm going to remain very, very skeptical of radiation hormesis-I may never trust it in my lifetime.
Excellent video. You can mention in future videos few supporting experiments for the theories. For example :"This is how to measure Total Ionizing Dose.... This is how to measure heavy ions impact.... This is how NOT to detect Higgs bosons" ;)
Very interesting as usual. Were there any studies on pilots, astronauts or communities living at high altitudes in relation to longer term exposure to higher levels of ionizing radiation?
Does not matter if a video gets likes or dislikes, the algorithm treat them both as a social engagement and will promote the video based on the absolute engagement (up+down). So if someone really really hated a video they should not comment and not down vote :-) knowing this makes me smile every time I see people down vote a great video.
An outstanding overview -- I am happy I subscribed on Patreon Systematic, clear, simple, with high integrity -- a delight in form and content Thank you and -- with deep respect for your work !
Thanks a lot, Ms. Sabine. I was wondering that If it is possible for you to make a video about Geiger counters and measurement quantities such as sievert and rem.
@@SabineHossenfelder I would suggest getting an RF meter that can measure 4g/5g. Place it up to the glass of a running kitchen microwave and then place it against your cell phone and make a call. I am getting about the same reading on a 4g phone and a 1200 watt running microwave. I think you will find much more to be worried about using an RF meter than using a Geiger counter.
@@melgibson6331 Geiger counters measure ionising radiation, mainly beta particles and to a lesser degree alpha particles and gamma rays (which are high-energy EM waves). The "radiation" used in radio and so-called "microwaves", including the transmissions from 4G and 5G networks are below the infra-red band and only cause heating, not ionisation. A GM counter will register nothing from these. On the other hand, an X-ray will set a GM counter screaming! Sound is another form of "radiation" which simply means some form of energy spreading outwards. The engineers who work with RF circuits and high-power microwave devices like radar antennae have no health problems whatsoever, the greatest risk being a burn.
@@SabineHossenfelder Start with ionisation chambers, they are much simpler devices and measre directly the ionising effect of radiation. The downside is that the output can be as low as a few thousand electrons per second, but this is not very difficult to measure. GM tubes are great but their operation is quite complex.
Since we're on the topic of radiation - can you recommend any sources about whether using vintage radioactive camera lenses like the Super Takumar 50mm f1.4 would cause damage in the long term? I'd assume not since the camera body would probably block a lot of the radiation emitting from the rear of the lens, but we don't have any sources from actual scientists online - just people with cheap amazon bought pocket Geiger counters.
I really like videos like this that carefully define terms and connect them to the salient points necessary to understand a topic. Great job! I am currently radiating happiness. Thanks
Two people in my life made me love science...Nancy Comer (9th grade Physical Science teacher) and Sabine (just wow, she is amazing). Without question, I would listen to her discuss cookie recipes or the table of contents from boring books.
It wasn't until my classes in modern physics, electromagnetism, etc. that a lot of physical concepts became clear, or at least somewhat tolerable. Thanks Sabine for all the refreshers!
07:02 There is little slip in the graph. Ionized molecule can also have extra electron (in case of radiolysis). So, "lack electrons" is not always true.
It’s a delight to listen to Dr. Hossenfelder. The density and clarity of her expression is unique on UA-cam. Such a beautiful way to learn about science and the martial art of argumentation at the same time.
As always, great stuff Sabine! I would like to add however that radiation in the microwave spectrum may not be ionizing, but they can affect protein conformation and thus alter enzymatic activity, receptors, and therefore metabolism. This is a potential issue for 5G systems.
We love to see you getting sponsored! Also could you do a video on the German thing with the "Handystrahlung"? Is it as bad as people commonly say, is it too careful or is there some merit and people get just some things wrong? Is there any well-assuring research at all?
I noticed you cut out what you were going to say about some air purifiers creating ozone. I really wanted to hear about that 😔 because I was curious how healthy my "ionizing" air filter is.
When they hear the word radiation, they hear radioactivity...and then panic.😅 If you express radiating ripples on the surface of water as radiation, they'll panic.
The N word (nuclear) has the same effect. They think of bombs destruction and death, which in turn "justify" to reject nuclear energy. For the most part their education truly failed them.
Very interesting and explained well. My question is in knowing that our magnetic fields weakening and not shielding us from harmful cosmic rays, is this concerning?
No. Because the Earth magnetic field don't stop the cosmic rays. The atoms in the atmosphere does, crashing with them and producing particle showers(look the video again, Sabine mentions this) Now, the solar wind with his charged plasma is another issue, of course...
Sound is often referred to as radiation by sound engineers. They talk about how speaker cabinets ‘radiate’ the sound. In multiple speaker arrangements the polar patterns resemble those of the double slit experiment.
Regarding radiation hormesis, I know lots of radiation scientists, and as far as I'm aware, nobody exposes himself to radiation on purpose in order to increase his resistance to it. The idea makes sense in principle, and I remember I've seen some evidence in in-vitro experiments, but most of the evidence is cirmustantial, based on statistics of the health of people who are professionally exposed to radiation. The issue is that correlation doesn't imply causality. For instance, they may be healthier simply because they are subject to strict periodic medical check-ups, and this may help to detect illness at an early stage and treat them. It may also help to remove from the group those who are unhealthy.
I have measured gravity, and performed radiography, on the Arctic Coastal Plain, of Alaska. We used Cobalt, for our source. When I was hired to do a gravity profile, I did not know, gravity was measured. I just told the interviewer I had done it before. I read the manual on the flight to Barrow, and worked there three years. I never really understood what gravity is, but completed my tasks. We used a helicopter in Summer and a track vehicle in Winter. I worked alone in Winter. Lovely, Northern Lights, which are charged particles as well, interactions are in the atmosphere. Lovely, to view, in the Arctic mirrored in the Antarctic.
Now that we are on a "debunking" round of video's, could you please do one on Nuclear Reactors and the misconceptions about their safety? Nuclear is a word that scares people, eventhough it's safe :D
Nobody has a suitable waste site. Japan is shipping it to Texas. Idaho and Nevada don't want it anymore and are shipping it to New Mexico. Round it goes. The EU has no site.
@@davidb2206 The EU will have a permanent waste storage facility, in fact the worlds first of its kind in Finland pretty soon, main construction is already done
@@teaser6089 Well, congrats to them, but let's see how it goes and how much it can handle. All of EU? Nuke waste is still a problem, worldwide. Americans don't want it in their backyard, either, even at the existing sites (none of which are fully approved right now, as I recall, for the highest tier, except the New Mexico).
Sabine, you have done a great service in educating the public on topics in physics and astronomy, in which you are an expert. If you take the time to educate yourself, you may also be a valuable resource on epidemiology. But there are unexpected biological effects and a great deal of commercial influence over the science, so you have to read carefully to see the big picture. Radiation hormesis is real, though it has been made "controversial" by politics. And the most important biological effect of cell phone radiation is throuh voltage-gated calcium channels. Please read about this so you can serve the great number of us who have put our faith in you.
According to Wikipedia, roughly 90% of cosmic rays are protons, 9% are alpha particles, and only 1% are electrons. Is the earth and its atmosphere becoming continuously more positively charged? If not, what counter-balances all the positively charged cosmic rays?
Biochemist here, this is all accurate. Sabine, I particularly appreciated your methodical approach to this subject: clear and concise, with just enough perspective and nuance. Good work!
Thank you, Sabine! Radiation hormesis is exactly the term I needed to explain the difference between a younger and older stellar environment. I believe that as our Sun and Earth age there will be less radiation hormesis. I predict there will be less of a variety of living beings but the ones currently inhabiting the planet will become more stable and be able to have longer life spans. Radiation hormesis is a type of stimulation the can produce mutation but is also degrading to life. Good for a young solar system but is less ideal for a mature solar planet.
She has already done a video about cell phones and 5G. Basically, the answer is don't worry about it. So long as you don't climb any fences that are designed to keep you away from things, it isn't a hazard.
Lovely video but you failed to mention two common things people should hear. 1. Some exposure to sunlight is desirable. Sunlight causes the body to generate Vitamin D. Many people in northern latitudes are deficient in vitamin D, especially during the winter. 2. Photons with a wavelength greater than 100nm (UV-C) are non-ionizing. They don't have the energy to damage molecules directly. That means optical light, infrared light, microwaves, cell phone signals, and other radio emissions are non-ionizing. Any photon source can cause harm in large enough quantities, but the mainly through heating. A microwave is a heat lamp that emits lower power photons on a longer wavelength that we cannot see. Cell phones emit lower power photons than a keychain LED flashlight. I really enjoy your videos. After recently discovering this channel I have been watching your older content almost daily.
Really enjoy your channel. I have a file just for your videos. On another note, may be slightly off topic, but how do you accelerate neutrons? For instance, if a nucleus spits out a neutron, during a decay, what force is used to accelerate the neutron? Neutrons are electrically neutral, but are composed of quarks, which do carry charge, and interact with the strong force. So, with that said, what force would be utilized to accelerate a neutron?
This video is a nice introduction to what radiation is! Thorough, stuctured and nicely exposed. Note how careful is about not mix radiation with radioactivity, terms that get frequently confused. Looking forward for the lesson about radioactivity and nuclear power. Maybe with historical background? Röntgen, the Curies, etc. Thinking about those people playing around with chunks of Uranium, Cesium and others -iums, always make me shudder. Talk about martirs of science!
Hey Sabine! Im sorry to bring this up here, as It is unrelated to this videos topic. But I have some questions, which I first brought up in the comments of another video, but afterwards quickly realized that you would be the most ideal person I could ask these questions to. I really enjoy your channel and find your explanations thorough and very comprehensive in a comfortably digestible manner. Well anyways ill spare you from anymore of my flattery and just move onto my questions, which are below. What happens when a radiating-black-hole’s event horizon “shrinks” under its Schwarzchild radius??? Is that theoretically possible?? This may seem naive of me, but my intuition rejects the idea of there being a point-like infinitely dense 1-dimensional singularity with masses ranging from several to BILLIONS of stellar objects....... To be clear, I understand it looks this way from a mathematical standpoint. I also realize there is no way within our forseeable future to witness it directly or extract evidence of what is within from any interactions. But there has to be a core of some unfathomably dense yet exotic matter...... right??? If not than could black holes even qualify as matter??? Would that mean that gravity can compress matter out of existence?? I have 2 Hypothetical questions/scenarios i am left pondering; #1 Lets say that you are whatever, all-powerful omnipotent, god you believe in. You have the power to control and edit reality on any universal scale, like a Real life version of Universe Sandbox or Space Engine. What would happen if you decided to shrink the schwarzschild-radius or the Event-Horizon to just below the surface of the singularity object that is causing the warping of space?? #2 if you could slowly add matter to a Neutron star, bit by bit until it becomes a black hole. Would the Event-Horizon start developing under the star’s surface, specifically around its core? And if this is so, would the surface curst be consumed, blown away, or maintain some kind of orbit?? Oh and I Thank you and anyone else who choses to foster my curiosity.
Hello, I think you need a dose of vacin..., I mean Sabine's medicine: ua-cam.com/video/79s6UVljjU0/v-deo.html I will say first that the Scwh Scha (wathever) radius and event horiziont radius are the same thing, so if the black hole adquires mass, both grow and, if it loses mass(hint: Hawking radiation) both will shrink. About what happens inside the black hole, well, almost every phisicyst will tell you that you are right, that something funny is going on there. About what it is , there is more ideas than ice cream flavours, so chose yours and relax! As Sabine said: backreaction.blogspot.com/2020/11/the-black-hole-information-loss-problem.html
Excellent discussion, and this come from some one with 20 years of fission power production experience. I wish more information about the nuclear sciences was taught in schools since it would really demystify the "boogeyman" aspect and attract more bright minds to developing fusion and fission energy production!
Recently I learned that photons are particles which carry X-ray - gamma radiation. So is it as well photon which is produced in magnetron in microwave oven? Is it photon which is used to broadcast radio?
One thing that came through loud and clear (very clear) on this and another related video on 5G is the two mechanisms of energy transfer from EM waves/particles - quantum energy levels that can damage specific molecular structures because they are 'matched' to the energy levels of EM quanta and heating as a function of power levels. A question that still puzzles me though is the effect of pulsed systems with very high peak pulse power and very low average power. For instance, a marine radar magnetron can have a peak power of 20kW and an average power of 20W. The 20W will obviously heat tissue close up but will the high peak power have any effect? I don't know! Anyone else?
For radio waves what matters is the total energy deposited into tissues which results in heat, and which tissues absorb them. The total energy is related to the average power. Pulsed sources can have very high peak power but much lower average power. So long as the peak duration is short enough that the tissues don't have time to heat up significantly during one pulse, then all that matters is the average power. Radar transmitters use highly directional antennas that concentrate that average power into a very narrow beam. You wouldn't notice 20W of energy deposited over your entire body. But 20W deposited into a small area would cook the tissues. Think of it like a candle flame. You can't feel anything if you're standing next to a lit candle as its radiated energy is being spread over your entire body. But stick your hand into the flame so the energy is concentrated into a small spot, and you'll certainly notice it (and be cooked by it). A single candle flame is coincidentally also about a 20W average emitter. So for the marine radar, if you're far enough away that the diverging beam covers an area bigger than your whole body it isn't a big deal. But if you're standing right in front of the antenna so that the beam is only hitting a small area, that's a problem.
It would be beneficial to explain the difference between radioactive contamination and nuclear radiation. Journalists tend to equate the two whenever they write about nuclear power accidents.
Estimating radiation exposure can be very difficult to do in a meaningful way. For example, suppose you have a block of radium in your living room, in a sealed capsule. Most radium atoms, from the most common sources, are alpha emitters, so almost any container would protect you from any direct radiation. The process produces radon, but this is an inert gas, and with good ventilation would not have little exposure to that, either. OTOH if you ingest radium, almost every alpha particle from decays will deposit its full energy in your body, so that could be very dangerous. If it's in your bones, it will probably stay there, which is even worse. So the environmental circumstances make huge differences in risk.
Hello Sabine, I got your book Lost in Math as a Christmas present, so far I'm really enjoying the read and your writing style (in particular your humor).
I'd like to say thank you for inspiring me (someone who's still in school, but plans to go into physics) and many others.
Good to see you here!
@@SabineHossenfelder Excellent book! Probably the best science book I read since "A Brief history of Time". Enjoy
Is it an English publication?
Love your handle, mate. Classic.
Best wishes with your learning.
Sabine should write college courses. Humour is a sorely underrepresented area of education!
So did I!! And as a 60+ person, who has read many layman physics books, so far I'm loving hearing my inner voice sounding like "Sabine-Einstein."
You have sparked an interest in science. Science is truly amazing.
WHY THE OVERALL SHAPE AND BASICALLY CONSTANT FORM OF WHAT IS THE MOON GENERALLY MANIFEST AS SUCH PURSUANT TO THE UNIVERSAL FACT THAT E=MC2 IS (AND MUST BE) F=MA:
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. INSTANTANEITY is FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical EXPERIENCE. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT !!!!! Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. SO, the Earth is fully time dilated ON BALANCE. What is the Earth, what is the Sun, and what is the Moon are governed by E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE in accordance with the necessary condition that this does then involve what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. What is the Moon is moving AND not moving (IN BALANCE) in relation to both the Sun AND the Earth, as invisible AND VISIBLE SPACE in fundamental and UNIVERSAL EQUILIBRIUM and balance explains why E=mc2 IS F=ma; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON then NECESSARILY matches it's revolution; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE MOON is thus a frozen/constant or "dead"/unchanging form in perpetual motion as necessitated by the Earth/Sun BALANCE that fundamentally governs and generally shapes it IN ACCORDANCE WITH the UNIVERSAL fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT. I have mathematically explained or proven why there is NO RESISTANCE regarding WHAT IS THE MOON in BALANCED RELATION to the Sun AND the Earth, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; as this CLEARLY then explains the perpetual motion of WHAT IS THE MOON. Alas, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. I have explained why objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Beautiful. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE EARTH/ground is E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, as this CLEARLY then also explains why we do not feel the rotation of WHAT IS THE EARTH. Alas, what is THE MOON is a linked AND BALANCED opposite in relation to the Earth AND what is the Sun; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Accordingly, the Moon remains the same (or basically constant) insofar as it's rotation necessarily matches it's revolution. Indeed, the SPACE that the Moon occupies is understood as being FULLY formed/manifest. The motion of the Moon (thus defined) FIXES, defines, or encompasses RELATIONAL motion.
The relationally VARIABLE EXPERIENCE of what is THE EARTH/ground is thus directly comparable to what is then understood as the INVARIANT form of what is the Moon (ON BALANCE), AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!!
By Frank DiMeglio
Frank DiMeglio is RECOGNIZED as having mathematically unified physics. Hossenfelder is knowingly and deceitfully lying about physics.
WHY ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY:
Gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This is consistent WITH F=ma AND E=mc2, as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. So, inertia/inertial resistance is proportional to (or balanced with/as) gravitational force/energy; as this balances AND unifies ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy AND gravity; as this balances gravity AND inertia. In other words, GRAVITATIONAL force/energy is proportional to (or balanced with/as) inertia/inertial resistance; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy IS gravity. Accordingly, gravity/acceleration involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is proven. Energy has/involves gravity, AND energy has/involves inertia/inertial resistance. "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent with/as what is balanced ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL force/energy, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.
By Frank DiMeglio
Tighter tops please
@@frankdimeglio8216 take a chill pill mate
I love it, "The physics is simple, the biology isn't" As a biologist, i really love that statement! Great video as always!
"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Alumni" has given the following writing the thumbs up on their page:
A very great breakthrough in physics.
The pages "Physics of the COSMOS (Book Series)" and "House of Mathematics" have given the following writing the thumbs up on their pages.
FULLY UNDERSTANDING E=MC2 AND F=MA:
E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is PROVEN by BOTH F=ma AND E=mc2. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL (IN BALANCE), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. It ALL makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Time dilation ALSO proves that GRAVITY IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. THINK about it.
ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS CLEARLY GRAVITY.
ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL (IN BALANCE), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL FORCE/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. PERFECT. It is proven. F=ma AND E=mc2 PROVE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Great.
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is FULLY INVISIBLE AND black.
By Frank DiMeglio
THE CLEAR AND UNDENIABLE PROOF OF THE FACT THAT E=MC2 IS F=MA:
E=mc2 IS F=ma. With the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE AND the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE in fundamental equilibrium AND BALANCE, a given PLANET (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) necessarily sweeps out EQUAL AREAS in equal times in accordance with perpetual motion AND the UNIVERSAL fact that E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is then CLEARLY proven to be gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma IN BALANCE. Importantly, BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand.
Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, as E=mc2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME CLEARLY necessitates and proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Great.
OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is THE EARTH. Notice the black space of THE EYE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. THE DOME of a person's EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. Now, carefully consider what is the semi-spherical, translucent, QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL, AND BLUE SKY. Great. E=mc2 IS F=ma. It is CLEAR. The BALANCE of being AND EXPERIENCE is essential. What is THE EYE is ALSO the body ON BALANCE. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great !!! The EARTH/ground CLEARLY constitutes what is the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE. Now consider what is the blue sky. The Earth is ALSO BLUE as water. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Now, VERY CAREFULLY consider what is BALANCED BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE. Great !!!!
Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; AND the Moon is necessarily fixed or basically constant in it's form and shape.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. (Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE.) E=MC2 IS F=ma as what is the middle distance in/of SPACE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. So, gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Great. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Beautiful. Ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great.
THEREFORE:
E=MC2 AS F=MA CLEARLY PROVES (ON BALANCE) WHY AND HOW THE PROPER AND FULL UNDERSTANDING OF TIME (AND TIME DILATION) UNIVERSALLY ESTABLISHES THE FACT THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY:
A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Indeed, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. Indeed, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. Great. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. I have mathematically unified physics/physical experience, as I have CLEARLY proven that E=mc2 IS F=ma in what is a truly universal and BALANCED fashion.
By Frank DiMeglio
As a biologist you understand man-made nuclear isotopes mimic organic compounds??? do you know what that means ???? and where they go???? likes cesium 137 to the heart muscle....As a biologist you understand man-made nuclear isotopes mimic organic compounds NO I Like Cancer & ionizing radiation you love it ha ha School Stupid U R
@@frankdimeglio8216 What kind of brainwashing technique is that, you've said that "E=mc2 is F=ma" about 24 times! the hell, and E=mc2 IS NOT F=ma, the former "is the conversion between energy and mass", and latter "describes how an object moves with a force applied to it"
@@thinksie THE SIMPLE, PROPER, FULL, AND BALANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE SHAPE, FORM, AND RELATIONAL MOTION OF WHAT IS THE MOON IN UNIVERSAL ACCORDANCE WITH THE FACT THAT E=MC2 IS F=MA:
What is THE MOON is moving AND not moving IN BALANCED RELATION to the Earth AND the Sun AS a linked AND BALANCED opposite in accordance with the UNIVERSAL fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. THEREFORE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON necessarily matches it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the shape AND form of the Moon is basically constant or invariant. The Moon is a BALANCED MIDDLE DISTANCE manifestation or form that is in fundamental accordance with the Earth/Sun BALANCE pursuant to the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!! Therefore, the Moon is electromagnetically/gravitationally extended AND contracted ON BALANCE in true agreement with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravitational force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.
By Frank DiMeglio
I have been exposed to radiation in high doses, additionally my x wife also. My x wife developed Graves disease as mentioned by Sabina here, and she did take the radioactive Iodine pill and it worked flawlessly. On a side note, they typically give you the option of actual surgery to remove portions of your thyroid gland however this surgery is very risky and has potential of significant morbidity. I had a very large pituitary tumor that surgery was unsuccessful at removing and so I had radiation treatment to render it inert. The technical term for the treatment I received was fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy treatments over 30 days once per day. I will say, if you are exposed to beams of proton radiation in your head you can feel it hitting you and it manifests as a bright blue light, sorta like a cross between the blue of lightning and a tanning bed. When I received a blast of this radiation I could feel it hitting my forehead or the top of my head or back like someone pointing a garden hose at me with blue light pouring out. The oncologist explained to me that an outside observer does not see the light , it's the radiation hitting my optic nerves and "inducing" the perception of bright blue light. the treatment I received was from a system called Novalis Tx and it saved my life.
Thank you!
In a brief moment of time your eyes were augmented. You're a pretty lucky man.
I'm exposed to high radiation right now. I'm standing in front of my infrared heater.
Thanks for sharing your story. I'm glad your wife and you are well. Best wishes!
while I was being treated with radiation I was given high doses of steroids, Prednisone, to combat the swelling of my brain. after it was completed most of my hair grew back except for a round spot sorta in top back but not in the normal spot men lose their hair at. for about 2 years after I experienced face blindness, loss of long term memory, adrenal insufficiency crisis and behavioral changes. My pituitary is basically a empty husk laying at the bottom of the sella turcica so I must take all the hormones normally induced by the gland, thyroid, cortisone, testosterone. I struggle with depression and pain as replacement of cortical steroids orally doesn't come close to how the body manages it via the HPA axis. The years of having a bi producing tumor over 3 cm caused me to have metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but surprisingly my eyesight is intact with no noticeable damage to my optic nerves.
"the physics is simple but the biology isn't"
True indeed! Messy as hell but promissing!
I discovered your chanel just now and I'm in love with it, I'm already two days straight watching many videos I always had curiosity to know about and always thought "why no one explain this?" And here you are, explaining so much, so scientifically, your uses of logic are amazing, thank you so much for your videos
This is the kind of vid that really shows just what a valuable resource UA-cam can actually be.
Sabine, thank you very much. You’re a brilliant communicator and it’s always a pleasure to learn from you.
I appreciate your deep knowledge and your critical thinking.
Good job of explaining radiation. You are correct about the complexity of radiation safety. I was the radiation safety officer for three companies. While you can predict the effects of an acute high level exposure long term effects of an exposure for an individual is unpredictable, yet statistically significant for a group of individuals receiving a similar dose. Probably the worst thing for an individual is a long term low level dose from an ingested substance. Smoking is one such ingestion mechanism. Radon in the smoke is deposited in the lungs as a radioactive isotope of lead. Body tissues are exposed continuously to low level radiation, many individuals then develop lung cancer. And that is an over simplification. I have seen the whole body radiation counts for smokers, their lungs "glow" bright!!
Sabine, thank you for your nice explanation. I am a physicist, and what immediately caught my attention (I almost spilled my coffee) is your definition of radiation as "energy transfer by waves or particles". Actually, I never bored to define for myself what "radiation" exactly means, because every time it is clear from the context what I am dealing with (sometimes to remove the ambiguity we use word "radiation" in combination with other words like "electromagnetic radiation", "acoustic radiation"). But, if we decide to define radiation, I would exclude "particle" from this definition. Otherwise, you cannot distinguish between radiation and convection, or you have to admit, that electric current is radiation (because in both cases energy is transferred by particles). We do not want to climb this rabbit hole.
Then you'd have to exclude neutrons and alpha and beta particles also, which most certainly should be included.
I was surprised by this definition too. Tbh I had always assumed radiation was a shorthand for electromagnetic radiation in most context. And occasionally it also included fast moving individual particles like cosmic rays, alpha particles, etc. Then I googled the definition and it doesn't seem very consistent 😂
I am relatively new to your channel and I want to say how much I appreciate the videos you make. I love science but I am not well educated in it. I appreciate your genius of being able to simplify subjects - but not TOO simple. Really, your work is just perfect for someone like me. Thanks
You can still educate yourself in it. It's never too late for anything.
Hi Sabine!!! I want to express two things: firstly I really appreciate your teachings in Physics. I’ve been involved because of my studies with a certain amount of physics in the past and I eagerly follow some scientists to learn a little more about our Universe. Secondly I saw your video about Speaking English and I can say that I really like to hear you speaking!!! It’s a neutral accent and I, being for Argentina and having Spanish as my mother tongue, really appreciate each and every word you speak. And believe me, I can cope with English without any problem but I’m far away from an educated English speaking person, but you DON’T have a single mistake! It’s really a pleasure watch your videos just for knowledge of both, science and English. Thank you! I really admire you!!!! Kisses from Argentina!!!
This is quickly becoming my favourite science channel.
Always good to cover the basics; absorbed a few more interesting facts. Thanks Sabine!...
Absorbed... if that was intentional, good job!
@@MaryAnnNytowl Honestly can't remember! But am always willing to pay the punitive damages...
@@doomedtolinger2213 nah, no damages here. I wasn't actually drinking my coffee near my phone at the time of seeing it, so no harm, no foul.
But I _did_ happily give you a like for it!
Thank you Sabine and happy holidays 🥰
Happy Holidays to you too!
7:38 the sounds cuts in the last part of the sentece, what did i miss? ..."also cause"...
I so like how you present and the down to earth way you are able to present all these subjects, i so wished you where my teacher 25 years ago.
"...may also produce ozone."
That was extremely informative and easy to understand. Thank you Sabine.
Is it misogynist to make a comment on your incredible dresses? I watch your videos because the contents are brilliant. But they sure are a lot easier to watch when it's presented by someone of such astonishing beauty.
Agree with the Great Courses recommendation. I have gotten several and the one that impressed me most was "Thermodynamics: Four Laws That Move the Universe". (There are probably many others worth viewing.)
I like that new animations and effects! The overall quality of your videos gets better and better every time! Can't wait for more people to be interested in your content :)
13:20 *Radiation hormesis* sounds like a variant of "what doesn't break you makes you stronger." That idea works in many other cases-vaccines, physical exercise, tanning-up to a point. But it's too easy to get over-motivated, push boundaries, and end up with paralytic poliomyelitis, torn muscles, and carcinoma.
Playing around with radiation is particularly dangerous. Talking about (nuclear) radiation or nuclear energy always causes a strong reaction in me. Images of Marie Curie, Eben Byers, Richard Feynman, Litvinenko, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Hanford Site etc. flash in front of my eyes forcefully and involuntarily. You can be sure I'm going to remain very, very skeptical of radiation hormesis-I may never trust it in my lifetime.
Sabine you have no idea of what a fan I have become of you. Thank you for explaining science in a great way.
Happy you find my videos useful!
Excellent video.
You can mention in future videos few supporting experiments for the theories.
For example :"This is how to measure Total Ionizing Dose....
This is how to measure heavy ions impact....
This is how NOT to detect Higgs bosons"
;)
Yes, that would make the ideas more concrete.
Very interesting as usual. Were there any studies on pilots, astronauts or communities living at high altitudes in relation to longer term exposure to higher levels of ionizing radiation?
7:36 "...which is not healthy" is still in the closed captioning Sabine.
The fact that this video has 0 dislikes (at my time of watching) shows how good of a work you are doing!!! Keep going
Does not matter if a video gets likes or dislikes, the algorithm treat them both as a social engagement and will promote the video based on the absolute engagement (up+down). So if someone really really hated a video they should not comment and not down vote :-) knowing this makes me smile every time I see people down vote a great video.
An outstanding overview -- I am happy I subscribed on Patreon
Systematic, clear, simple, with high integrity -- a delight in form and content
Thank you and -- with deep respect for your work !
You answer ordinary ppls everyday worries and thoughts based on science!
The simplicity of how this subject is taught is incredible. It make a person want to learn more about radiation and its affects...
Also, its effects.
Thanks a lot, Ms. Sabine. I was wondering that If it is possible for you to make a video about Geiger counters and measurement quantities such as sievert and rem.
Thanks for the suggestion, I will note that down! Have to see if I can find my Geiger counter...
Like
@@SabineHossenfelder I would suggest getting an RF meter that can measure 4g/5g. Place it up to the glass of a running kitchen microwave and then place it against your cell phone and make a call. I am getting about the same reading on a 4g phone and a 1200 watt running microwave. I think you will find much more to be worried about using an RF meter than using a Geiger counter.
@@melgibson6331 Geiger counters measure ionising radiation, mainly beta particles and to a lesser degree alpha particles and gamma rays (which are high-energy EM waves). The "radiation" used in radio and so-called "microwaves", including the transmissions from 4G and 5G networks are below the infra-red band and only cause heating, not ionisation. A GM counter will register nothing from these. On the other hand, an X-ray will set a GM counter screaming! Sound is another form of "radiation" which simply means some form of energy spreading outwards. The engineers who work with RF circuits and high-power microwave devices like radar antennae have no health problems whatsoever, the greatest risk being a burn.
@@SabineHossenfelder Start with ionisation chambers, they are much simpler devices and measre directly the ionising effect of radiation. The downside is that the output can be as low as a few thousand electrons per second, but this is not very difficult to measure. GM tubes are great but their operation is quite complex.
Since we're on the topic of radiation - can you recommend any sources about whether using vintage radioactive camera lenses like the Super Takumar 50mm f1.4 would cause damage in the long term? I'd assume not since the camera body would probably block a lot of the radiation emitting from the rear of the lens, but we don't have any sources from actual scientists online - just people with cheap amazon bought pocket Geiger counters.
I really like videos like this that carefully define terms and connect them to the salient points necessary to understand a topic. Great job! I am currently radiating happiness. Thanks
Two people in my life made me love science...Nancy Comer (9th grade Physical Science teacher) and Sabine (just wow, she is amazing). Without question, I would listen to her discuss cookie recipes or the table of contents from boring books.
You have a great way of conveying information that can be complex and making it easier to understand and comprehend - Thanks!!
Very informative,and gets the questions out in the open.Thanks
Yet another well done science video, Sabine! Thank you for what you do!
Thank you, beautiful lady, I did learn something today!
It wasn't until my classes in modern physics, electromagnetism, etc. that a lot of physical concepts became clear, or at least somewhat tolerable.
Thanks Sabine for all the refreshers!
07:02 There is little slip in the graph. Ionized molecule can also have extra electron (in case of radiolysis). So, "lack electrons" is not always true.
It’s a delight to listen to Dr. Hossenfelder. The density and clarity of her expression is unique on UA-cam. Such a beautiful way to learn about science and the martial art of argumentation at the same time.
Nice video, it would have been nice for you to have touched on neutron radiation though.
This is one of your better and more useful videos for average people.
Love the "controversy" indicator and the explanation that went with it.
Thank you for the outline in this video.
As always, great stuff Sabine! I would like to add however that radiation in the microwave spectrum may not be ionizing, but they can affect protein conformation and thus alter enzymatic activity, receptors, and therefore metabolism. This is a potential issue for 5G systems.
True. Which should be obvious to anyone that uses buck of saline as a model while bullshitting the public.
We love to see you getting sponsored! Also could you do a video on the German thing with the "Handystrahlung"? Is it as bad as people commonly say, is it too careful or is there some merit and people get just some things wrong? Is there any well-assuring research at all?
Ah but i believe gravitons are somehow involved in my subscription to your channel. Thank you and Happy Bizarro Word Holidays.
I noticed you cut out what you were going to say about some air purifiers creating ozone. I really wanted to hear about that 😔 because I was curious how healthy my "ionizing" air filter is.
Wait! Is Saturday already? Where the week went?
Oh, well...Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder!
When Americans, at least, express concern over "radiation", they invariably mean radioactivity.
i think they just think chernobyl
When they hear the word radiation, they hear radioactivity...and then panic.😅
If you express radiating ripples on the surface of water as radiation, they'll panic.
@@kombinatsiya6000 Or Three Mile Island, although it never reached the level of Chernobyl.
The N word (nuclear) has the same effect. They think of bombs destruction and death, which in turn "justify" to reject nuclear energy. For the most part their education truly failed them.
And we needs to distinguish between internal and external exposure to radioactive isotopes and their ionising radiation.
Thanks for going through this sabine, timely but needs repeating all over the world for everyone.
Brilliantly explained! Thank you
Very interesting and explained well. My question is in knowing that our magnetic fields weakening and not shielding us from harmful cosmic rays, is this concerning?
No.
Because the Earth magnetic field don't stop the cosmic rays.
The atoms in the atmosphere does, crashing with them and producing particle showers(look the video again, Sabine mentions this)
Now, the solar wind with his charged plasma is another issue, of course...
@@eljcd Thanks for this John.
Sound is often referred to as radiation by sound engineers. They talk about how speaker cabinets ‘radiate’ the sound. In multiple speaker arrangements the polar patterns resemble those of the double slit experiment.
It's always nice watching the stream flow by and especially nice when you can hear it. How's the fishing?
Excellent topic snd really well narrated. Well done.
Unmatchable clarity, as usual. Thanks a lot!
Regarding radiation hormesis, I know lots of radiation scientists, and as far as I'm aware, nobody exposes himself to radiation on purpose in order to increase his resistance to it. The idea makes sense in principle, and I remember I've seen some evidence in in-vitro experiments, but most of the evidence is cirmustantial, based on statistics of the health of people who are professionally exposed to radiation. The issue is that correlation doesn't imply causality. For instance, they may be healthier simply because they are subject to strict periodic medical check-ups, and this may help to detect illness at an early stage and treat them. It may also help to remove from the group those who are unhealthy.
I have measured gravity, and performed radiography, on the Arctic Coastal Plain, of Alaska. We used Cobalt, for our source. When I was hired to do a gravity profile, I did not know, gravity was measured. I just told the interviewer I had done it before. I read the manual on the flight to Barrow, and worked there three years. I never really understood what gravity is, but completed my tasks. We used a helicopter in Summer and a track vehicle in Winter. I worked alone in Winter. Lovely, Northern Lights, which are charged particles as well, interactions are in the atmosphere. Lovely, to view, in the Arctic mirrored in the Antarctic.
So you measured the local acceleration due to gravity in various locations?
Wonderfully succinct. Thank you, Dr. Hossenfelder.
Your comment on dark matter particles was amazing hahaha
Now that we are on a "debunking" round of video's, could you please do one on Nuclear Reactors and the misconceptions about their safety?
Nuclear is a word that scares people, eventhough it's safe :D
Nobody has a suitable waste site. Japan is shipping it to Texas. Idaho and Nevada don't want it anymore and are shipping it to New Mexico. Round it goes. The EU has no site.
@@davidb2206 The EU will have a permanent waste storage facility, in fact the worlds first of its kind in Finland pretty soon, main construction is already done
@@teaser6089 Well, congrats to them, but let's see how it goes and how much it can handle. All of EU? Nuke waste is still a problem, worldwide. Americans don't want it in their backyard, either, even at the existing sites (none of which are fully approved right now, as I recall, for the highest tier, except the New Mexico).
Sabine, you have done a great service in educating the public on topics in physics and astronomy, in which you are an expert. If you take the time to educate yourself, you may also be a valuable resource on epidemiology. But there are unexpected biological effects and a great deal of commercial influence over the science, so you have to read carefully to see the big picture.
Radiation hormesis is real, though it has been made "controversial" by politics.
And the most important biological effect of cell phone radiation is throuh voltage-gated calcium channels. Please read about this so you can serve the great number of us who have put our faith in you.
According to Wikipedia, roughly 90% of cosmic rays are protons, 9% are alpha particles, and only 1% are electrons. Is the earth and its atmosphere becoming continuously more positively charged? If not, what counter-balances all the positively charged cosmic rays?
7:38 The air purifier companies edited the one out
3:47 « or maybe they don’t exist in the first place » 🤣🤣🤣
Biochemist here, this is all accurate. Sabine, I particularly appreciated your methodical approach to this subject: clear and concise, with just enough perspective and nuance. Good work!
Great video, Sabine! I hope you had a great holiday!
Please do a video on voltage-gated calcium channels in the context of cell phone radiation and its biological effect.
I always learn something new watching your great content.
You radiate knowledge.
Grazie mille, Sabine!!
very enlightening, thanks!
Thank you.
Thank you, Sabine! Radiation hormesis is exactly the term I needed to explain the difference between a younger and older stellar environment. I believe that as our Sun and Earth age there will be less radiation hormesis. I predict there will be less of a variety of living beings but the ones currently inhabiting the planet will become more stable and be able to have longer life spans. Radiation hormesis is a type of stimulation the can produce mutation but is also degrading to life. Good for a young solar system but is less ideal for a mature solar planet.
A video about electromagnetic radiation from appliances phones, and power lines would be very helpful.
She has already done a video about cell phones and 5G. Basically, the answer is don't worry about it. So long as you don't climb any fences that are designed to keep you away from things, it isn't a hazard.
Thank you very much. That is very much interesting to have all the information together.
Yet another captivating video. Thanks for all u do
Really, really interesting!
Thanks a lot, Sabine! 😊
Happy new year! And stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Lovely video but you failed to mention two common things people should hear.
1. Some exposure to sunlight is desirable. Sunlight causes the body to generate Vitamin D. Many people in northern latitudes are deficient in vitamin D, especially during the winter.
2. Photons with a wavelength greater than 100nm (UV-C) are non-ionizing. They don't have the energy to damage molecules directly. That means optical light, infrared light, microwaves, cell phone signals, and other radio emissions are non-ionizing. Any photon source can cause harm in large enough quantities, but the mainly through heating. A microwave is a heat lamp that emits lower power photons on a longer wavelength that we cannot see. Cell phones emit lower power photons than a keychain LED flashlight.
I really enjoy your videos. After recently discovering this channel I have been watching your older content almost daily.
Really enjoy your channel. I have a file just for your videos. On another note, may be slightly off topic, but how do you accelerate neutrons? For instance, if a nucleus spits out a neutron, during a decay, what force is used to accelerate the neutron? Neutrons are electrically neutral, but are composed of quarks, which do carry charge, and interact with the strong force. So, with that said, what force would be utilized to accelerate a neutron?
This video is a nice introduction to what radiation is!
Thorough, stuctured and nicely exposed. Note how careful is about not mix radiation with radioactivity, terms that get frequently confused.
Looking forward for the lesson about radioactivity and nuclear power. Maybe with historical background? Röntgen, the Curies, etc. Thinking about those people playing around with chunks of Uranium, Cesium and others -iums, always make me shudder. Talk about martirs of science!
Isn't the 'Power' of radiation equal to the 'Intensity' which is relative to the 'Amplitude' of the wave as well? Or what do I miss?
Really great resource for non-physics types, thanks Sabine!
Hey Sabine! Im sorry to bring this up here, as It is unrelated to this videos topic. But I have some questions, which I first brought up in the comments of another video, but afterwards quickly realized that you would be the most ideal person I could ask these questions to. I really enjoy your channel and find your explanations thorough and very comprehensive in a comfortably digestible manner. Well anyways ill spare you from anymore of my flattery and just move onto my questions, which are below.
What happens when a radiating-black-hole’s event horizon “shrinks” under its Schwarzchild radius??? Is that theoretically possible??
This may seem naive of me, but my intuition rejects the idea of there being a point-like infinitely dense 1-dimensional singularity with masses ranging from several to BILLIONS of stellar objects.......
To be clear, I understand it looks this way from a mathematical standpoint. I also realize there is no way within our forseeable future to witness it directly or extract evidence of what is within from any interactions.
But there has to be a core of some unfathomably dense yet exotic matter...... right???
If not than could black holes even qualify as matter??? Would that mean that gravity can compress matter out of existence??
I have 2 Hypothetical questions/scenarios i am left pondering;
#1 Lets say that you are whatever, all-powerful omnipotent, god you believe in. You have the power to control and edit reality on any universal scale, like a Real life version of Universe Sandbox or Space Engine.
What would happen if you decided to shrink the schwarzschild-radius or the Event-Horizon to just below the surface of the singularity object that is causing the warping of space??
#2 if you could slowly add matter to a Neutron star, bit by bit until it becomes a black hole. Would the Event-Horizon start developing under the star’s surface, specifically around its core? And if this is so, would the surface curst be consumed, blown away, or maintain some kind of orbit??
Oh and I Thank you and anyone else who choses to foster my curiosity.
Hello, I think you need a dose of vacin..., I mean Sabine's medicine:
ua-cam.com/video/79s6UVljjU0/v-deo.html
I will say first that the Scwh Scha (wathever) radius and event horiziont radius are the same thing, so if the black hole adquires mass, both grow
and, if it loses mass(hint: Hawking radiation) both will shrink.
About what happens inside the black hole, well, almost every phisicyst will tell you that you are right, that something funny is going on there. About what it is , there is more ideas than ice cream flavours, so chose yours and relax! As Sabine said:
backreaction.blogspot.com/2020/11/the-black-hole-information-loss-problem.html
Thank you for the informative video. This explanation of radiation has allayed my fears.
Excellent discussion, and this come from some one with 20 years of fission power production experience. I wish more information about the nuclear sciences was taught in schools since it would really demystify the "boogeyman" aspect and attract more bright minds to developing fusion and fission energy production!
"...or maybe they don't exist in the first place." Thank you. Cracked me up.
Very thorough and concise, love the video.
Thank you, really glad to find your channel
very helpful video lecture. thanks.
Your content wiggles my brain partials. Thanks for sharing!
Recently I learned that photons are particles which carry X-ray - gamma radiation. So is it as well photon which is produced in magnetron in microwave oven? Is it photon which is used to broadcast radio?
Great explanation Madame Sabine H. I am clear now of radiation.
You should do a video on the OMG particle.
One thing that came through loud and clear (very clear) on this and another related video on 5G is the two mechanisms of energy transfer from EM waves/particles - quantum energy levels that can damage specific molecular structures because they are 'matched' to the energy levels of EM quanta and heating as a function of power levels. A question that still puzzles me though is the effect of pulsed systems with very high peak pulse power and very low average power. For instance, a marine radar magnetron can have a peak power of 20kW and an average power of 20W. The 20W will obviously heat tissue close up but will the high peak power have any effect? I don't know! Anyone else?
For radio waves what matters is the total energy deposited into tissues which results in heat, and which tissues absorb them. The total energy is related to the average power. Pulsed sources can have very high peak power but much lower average power. So long as the peak duration is short enough that the tissues don't have time to heat up significantly during one pulse, then all that matters is the average power. Radar transmitters use highly directional antennas that concentrate that average power into a very narrow beam. You wouldn't notice 20W of energy deposited over your entire body. But 20W deposited into a small area would cook the tissues.
Think of it like a candle flame. You can't feel anything if you're standing next to a lit candle as its radiated energy is being spread over your entire body. But stick your hand into the flame so the energy is concentrated into a small spot, and you'll certainly notice it (and be cooked by it). A single candle flame is coincidentally also about a 20W average emitter.
So for the marine radar, if you're far enough away that the diverging beam covers an area bigger than your whole body it isn't a big deal. But if you're standing right in front of the antenna so that the beam is only hitting a small area, that's a problem.
It would be beneficial to explain the difference between radioactive contamination and nuclear radiation. Journalists tend to equate the two whenever they write about nuclear power accidents.
Estimating radiation exposure can be very difficult to do in a meaningful way. For example, suppose you have a block of radium in your living room, in a sealed capsule. Most radium atoms, from the most common sources, are alpha emitters, so almost any container would protect you from any direct radiation. The process produces radon, but this is an inert gas, and with good ventilation would not have little exposure to that, either. OTOH if you ingest radium, almost every alpha particle from decays will deposit its full energy in your body, so that could be very dangerous. If it's in your bones, it will probably stay there, which is even worse. So the environmental circumstances make huge differences in risk.
Neutrinos: going through Peter Parker by billions every second.
Spider sense: *_TINGLING_*
I like her videos so that I even click the like button before even watching them.
if neutrinos or dark matter only interacts rarely... what happens when they indeed interact with our body?