Why Metallic Hydrogen is so important! [2020]
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- Опубліковано 29 вер 2020
- Subject Zero Patreon
/ subjectzerolaboratories
Why Metallic Hydrogen is so important! [2020]
A Nature article published January 29, 2020 by French scientist Paul Loubeyre, claiming to have finally created metallic hydrogen is an important milestone for pressure physics research.
As I mentioned in my previous video on this topic, metallic hydrogen was first theorized back in 1935, by Eugene Wigner and Dr. Hillard Bell Huntington.
Wigner and Huntington based their idea on what is called Bravais Lattice (Bráveis Láttice) which is, an infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation. Basically, it is a pattern that repeats itself throughout a structure, like graphene for instance.
They thought that this was true for any element including hydrogen and went on to calculate how this could happen. They concluded, based on a lot of calculation that hydrogen would assume a Bravais Lattice at around 25 GPa. Fast forward to today and that number may be closer to 425 GPa.
Scientists have given 85 years to the research of this topic but Why MH is so important?
Sources
dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/ha...
people.physics.illinois.edu/ce...
www.nature.com/articles/nphys...
journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.11...
phys.org/news/2020-04-scienti...
www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
www.acs.org/content/acs/en/mo...
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superco...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_...
Attribution
SpaceX / CC0
Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Henry Mühlpfordt - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Nobel foundation - archive.org/details/lesprixno..., Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Unknown author - [1] Dutch National Archives, The Hague, Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANEFO), 1945-1989, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Prolineserver - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Softwares Used:
Blender 2.8 EEVEE
Apple Motion
Final Cut Pro X - Наука та технологія
![A Breakthrough in the hunt for Metallic Hydrogen? [Update 2020]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4l4M4PdiGpk/mqdefault.jpg)
![A Breakthrough in the hunt for Metallic Hydrogen? [Update 2020]](/img/tr.png)
Just a quick note. The Falcon 9 image is just an example to draw e parallel to current Propulsion tech.
Not sure if you can do anything about it but seeing an ad for FAIR, which is ranked as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center before your video gave me the creeps.
Also because Falcon 9 is awesome
@@lucasatilano8008 the splc are a group that creates hate, looks for hate in every thing.
think about that for a minute.
... and Delta 4 heavy would be so nice and correct example. Damn you missed such nice opportunity :D
Suggestion-
You should provide a video card in the corner while referencing your previous video for better reach to people who didn't watch that video.
The metastability question is the most important one here:
It produces ~50 times more energy than TNT detonating (216 MJ/kg compared to 4.18 MJ/kg)... no atmosphere required.
Sufficient heat would start a chain reaction of the crystal lattice breaking down, free atoms recombining into H2, in turn heating it more.
Could a quantum tunneling event set it off? Could a random cosmic ray?
Could it explain more about the big bang?
@@michaelg.1079
TL;DR: No, not relevant to the Big Bang
It would be of negligible relevance to the Big Bang's other goings-on. The Big Bang is particle and nuclear physics-level energies, but everywhere, compared to which we can ignore "chemistry"-level energies. If it is meaningful to compare something to chemical reactions, it's probably not meaningful in relation to energy contributions to the events at the Big Bang.
It takes the same amount of energy to transform hidrógen gas into metallic phase. How to achieve enormous high pressures in a constant environment. Perhaps under the earth or the bottom of the sea.
@@DBADruid Neither would work. The pressure at the bottom of the ocean is about .1% of what you need. The pressure at the Earth's core is about 85%. The nearest natural source of adequate pressure that isn't the Sun would be Jupiter.
@@michaelleue7594 I like that: Orbital MH factories around Jupiter :)
It's been a while since I've felt the need to go digging into a youtubers source material to this extent.
Very intertesting, thank you.
@Marcos Filho bro wtf are you writing under every comment
@Marcos Filho Are you having a bad day? :( *hugs*
@Marcos Filho Based schizo poster
I guess it all hinges on the meta stability. And of course if we'll ever be able to reliably produce it. But if we can, it looks like the cost won't even matter much, since it could provide such dramatic improvements in several fields.
@TYLER.LE 101570 you mean you hope its satire
Its not a problem to produce it, nature gave us jupiter for that. Problem is to get there and mine it :D even to get there is unsolved problem. Matestability is a crucial role in this physics also.
the cost of this will be insane.
@@youtubeshadowbannedmylasta2629 Perhaps but if the meta stability holds, the operational costs (room temp and pressure) would be much smaller than current tech. Just look at all the hype around the new potential room temp superconductor recently.
Now two things remain: First you have to confirm that they have created Metallic Hydrogen. The second is to figure out how to mas manufacture it.
the second part is easy - you go tu jupiter, make a mine several thousand kilometers deep, and pump it from there
@@ShadowTheAge haha no. Youll have to fabricate it. Its easier to mine down to the core of Terra, and impossible to pump it up without blowing it up, or to have any material surviving it.
You also need to store it at 20GPa or more. Or boom
@@antaresmc4407 is right. The hard part is storage and transportation, given the insane pressures required
Metallic Hydrogen is the key to fusion and a massive step towards truly understanding how the universe works; a unified theory. It will never be mass produced as rocket fuel for example. However, if we can find a way to maintain stability and perpetually confine the quasi-plasma we will have the power of microscopic stars at our disposal.
Just found this channel.
Production value: 10/10
Science: 10/10
Thought provocativeness: 10/10
Last time I was this early, the entire Universe was pretty much superheated hydrogen. That was totally metal.
hehehe... yes
Nice, 69 likes
@Marcos Filho yeah... but not just now...
i have still to clean up from last time 😁🤯🧐
@Marcos Filho
Source
From Hydrogen, comes everything.
The animations from this channel are SO good. Amazing job!
I admire your work. Please keep the quality
this channel is underrated
1st of your vids i've seen - looks like i'll be binge watching your earlier stuff nicely done
This is one of the reasons i have always imagined that in the universe there exist matter in such special states created under extreme conditions of various planets and atmospheres, that once we reach those materials the human kind will progress decades ahead in that one trip. I'm pretty sure about the existence of such exotic matter in our own solar system. Now all that remains is getting to it.
I'd be curious how metallic hydrogen would work in the atmosphere with electricity; would the Oxygen be ever so tempted?
@Marcos Filho Take your pills.
MH is hypergolic with most elements and it explodes under 20GPa and at a current of a few A at that pressure, making it impractical for everything but fuel, that is also debatable
@Marcos Filho are you trolling?
@@antaresmc4407 he deleted his comment lol, what did he say?
@@fbiagentmiyakohoshino8223 huh? Idk, by the context and memory probably some word-salad bullshit. They arent uncommon in this kinds of videos, one wonders why...
2:30 little correction there -
A typical number of specific impulse these days is more in the 300s at sea level and 350s at vacuum range. So 1400s would almost be a five times higher specific impulse, especially when we're looking at full flow staged combustion cycle engines, like the raptor engine from spacex. That one is extremely efficient for a bell nozzle rocket engine and seems to be the pinnacle of rocket plumbing. Above that could only be something like an aerospike, a hybrid rocket engine or something running on nuclear power in vacuum.
Nonetheless, metallic hydrogen could be the solution to the skylon/SABRE-engine problem, as metallic hydrogen would not only work as a fuel, but also as the ultimate superconductor cooling solution.
Bro why don't you have like + 1M subs... your content is really good.
@Marcos Filho stop it mate, it's ridicolous
@Marcos Filho stop being so negative ok
It's really not.
Mettalic hydrogen is very interesting
@Marcos Filho [citation needed]
@Marcos Filho If you want to be taken seriously, you most definitely have to write a paper to support whatever novel effect you are desperately trying to describe...
Right now, you are just regurgitating a word soup of modern physics. How come there's no "quantum" in there?
@Marcos Filho what? I need an explaination. According to my knowledge that is a soup of words, and makes sense since you didnt back up anything.
First, there is no annihilation in nuclear weapons, thats an antimatter reaction, not a nuclear one.
Second, nuking metallic hydrogen is exactly the same as nuking H in any shape, it turns into H+ at 5000K anyways, and what does it have to do with Li? Also what Li? Its nuclear properties are quite different depending on the isotope, that none of them do anything with H anyway.
Third, a nuke doesnt have the energy density to create quote "super heavy elements" unquote. You mentioned the valley (its continent but OK) of stability (that is purely hypothetical), so Ill go with that. Its bullshit, you dont use light elements for this, probably more like the heaviest you can or iron/lead if fission is a problem.
Fourth, what does it have to do with annihilation, nukes, mH, Li, relativity; what is the mechanism that brings all that stuff together? Cohesion, please, its alredy hard for me to read English.
Fifth, what does it have to do with black holes? That by the way, smaller=easier to detect, more shiny. And there is NOWHERE NEAR enough energy density in the setup you loosely described for this to happen. And what does it have to do with wormholes (also hypothetical btw)?
Sixth, space colonialism? What? If you talk about colonising the solar system or galaxy, yeah, but mH is not for that, nowhere near enough Isp, and I cant comprehend the stuff you talked about. You certainly could with black hole powered ships, but thats quite far off and irrelevant to mH
Seventh, Wake acceleration? Supermassive diamonds? And what does it have to do with supernovae? And proven by the valley of stability (that isnt even proven to exist)? WHAT?
Eighth, socialist comunist bootliclicking sheep? WTF? By the way, are you joking? XD
ALotth, have you ever published a paper or done scientific stuff? Because its not how you described. And if not, can you back up your claims?
Yesth, quantify to it by using Einstein's theory of SR against the energy of a salted fusion blast orbiting outside the SS to avoid interferience from celestial gravitational lensing, after the calculation has been done you can made it to work with Sol? Yes, Ive understood, but could you explain a single word? Also, the mass energy relation and gravitation al lensing look more general relativity to me. And what does all that have to do with black holes, and what have BH to do with annihilation? And what does that do with nukes or mH. COHESION PLEASE!
ImDoneNowWannaGoth, you talked about proving or calculating the stuff, can you tell? Id like the formula to test myself. Because SR (doesnt apply to whatever you said) isnt z single formula for a whateverYouSaid in orbit
And lastly, can you send some source, proof or extra info to check? Because it sounds weird and its true a YT comment is not the ideal place to expkain.
Also a comprensible summary would be lovely helpful. And sorrg for the Bible, enjoy it! X'D
@Marcos Filho Not a likely event. Good luck in your attempt. Assuming you follow through with your grand plan.
@Marcos Filho I did understand a few things, but what have supernovae's heavy elements to do? And project Orion wasnt about this. Also, wormholes dont work by speed and and uranium-water fusion doesnt exist. No idea where annihilation comes from. Id need an explaination concep by concept without the mountain of words, I just cant follow you. A link to a source that explains better would be lovely helpful
Metallic Hydrogen is so much in news now... Would love to see what comes out of this, what technological advancements ensues.
Unfortunately, you have to wait for at least another 20 years.
@@ascathon7069 2050 is when we might see some improvements
Look up the Lawrence Livermore National Labs study of X-Ray Stimulated Fusion of Hydrogen. They made a nano-Sun basically, and formed Metallic Hydrogen in doing so. Great implications
It is? I guess it makes sense with the increase in space travel efficiency but I remember it being bigger news the time it was first synthesized irl and the years before, tbh. Might just be me though 🤷
@@RelianceIndustriesLtd
Dude 😬
Another great video, thank you very much your work and research. :)
This is pretty informative, the presentation is overall 10/10
Just want to point out a misunderstanding about specific impulse at 3:32:
Specific impulse is the measure of how many seconds a propellant can accelerate its own initial mass at 1g (9.8 m/s)
This does not mean that you multiply the specific impulse by the average acceleration of the rocket in order to get Delta-V. A specific impulse of 1020 would give you a max velocity of 9,996 m/s, not 22,400 m/s
Yes, that is inaccurate in the video. However, for the max velocity you also need to take the rocket's dry mass and the amount of stages into account, you can't derive that directly from the Specific impulse.
The smaller the rocket's dry mass is, the higher it's delta-v or max velocity is. If the rocket's dry mass approaches zero, the max velocity approaches light speed, no matter how high the Specific impulse is. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Also the video calculates the travel time to mars as a simple Distance/Velocity relation, which is very inaccurate since a really large amount of that velocity is needed just to get out of and into gravity wells, thats also why we can't currently send anything (that has a meaningful mass) to mars in under 2 months. Still, metallic hydrogen could greatly reduce the travel time.
@@merlin9657 Interesting stuff! Should have intuitively known to include the mass of the rocket, but alas. Thanks for the lesson. Should have researched a bit more before commenting.
Thanks for the simple explanation another great video to add to your list ❤❤.
Really Great video. Thanks.
Thanks for the follow up video!!!
Excellent annimation! Thank You!
No no no, you don't convert specific impulse to minutes :-) Great videos though! I love watching them.
Specific Impulse is calculated to easily compare efficiencies. The second does not correlate to acceleration.
“Isp in seconds is the amount of time a rocket engine can generate thrust, given a quantity of propellant whose weight is equal to the engine's thrust.” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_impulse?wprov=sfti1
@@szocsdaniel Yeah. It's not about the fuel, it's about the efficiency of a particular engine. He even said that we don't have engines that can burn metallic hydrogen, so even quoting the ISP in this video is kind of absurd.
@@szocsdaniel The rocket equation shows that change in velocity = ln(MR)*Isp*9.81 where MR is mass ratio of the rocket (the video omits this crucial variable). Isp is measured in seconds because that's how many seconds of, say, a pound of thrust can be generated by one pound of propellant. The rocket, of course, does not have to burn just one unit of propellant per second. Also, the MR, which is total mass/mass without propellant, makes a lot of difference in this equation. A rocket with an Isp of 1100 and a MR of 1.5 would not make it into orbit on one stage. And if a rocket the size of Falcon 9 burned it at a rate of one pound per second, it would burn for a very long time but it would never overcome gravity and it could not leave the launch pad. The video has it all wrong.
I'm not really great in this matter, but what I thought watching this was that the more hydrogen can put in your rocket, the heavier it will be. Does the impulse increase that much to win over the weight of metallic H ? It shouldn't change, the burning material's still the same.
@@szocsdaniel ISP uses a unit of time because it can be framed as the amount of time a rocket engine can develop one pound-force from one pound of propellant.
But mathematically, it's given that way because all the other units cancel out when you derive ISP.
As stated, ISP refers to rocket efficiency (with ISP*g0 = exhaust velocity) and has no direct relation to rocket burn time. With higher ISP you get more impulse from your fuel but you don't necessarily get more burn time.
Great video. Congratulations.
more videos from subject zero is the only good thing to come out of 2020.
This is very exciting. You humans are so close to making fusion worth it keep going!
What are you? Some xenos to be killed with my bolt pistol?
@@kriegscommissarmccraw4205 nah, just a friendly pixie that has seen a lot over the centuries 😉
as always incredible quality
Great content 👍... stumbled upon this channel and became a subscriber 😅
Very cool.
If metalic hydrogen can act as a catalyst for hydrogen fusion then in theory we could ignite planet Jupiter with it's naturally occuring metalic H making a second sun althrough a very very weak one. But metallic H can also explain more about the fusion processes inside stars which is absolutly interesting!
Very well explained
Amazing as always
This channel is gold
Wow, I have heard a lot about hydrogen gas but never metallic hydrogen, this is amazing! I am not really surprised though. Hydrogen seems to hold onto a lot of amazing secrets.
I wonder if the sun has metallic hydrogen at its core now.
theres also the hydrogen line which is being used by space agencies to find alien life. theyre so keen on using it that its illegal to use the hydrogen line frequency for shit like radios and such lol
I needed this
Thanks
Great video. I had no idea that metallic hydrogen was theorized to be at all stable in low pressure environments
These videos are always so good, and such great quality. Very share worthy.
Thumbs up and subscribed!
This channel is awesome
Excelent video.
Material science is slow to improve and oft forgotten about but when it does breakthrough it’s always quite bombastic
great video!
Awesome video buddy!! Love your work!!! Please keep this slow and clear explanation !!! Thanks!!!♥️♥️
(3:00 mark) Um, yeah. We DO. You make the outer shell out of Tungsten. Line it w/ Tungsten Carbide. Line that w/ pure Carbon... which has a "melting point" of 3,823 K (3,550 CC). It'll be fine. It'd be smart to structure the inner rocket chamber walls as a honeycomb pattern layout, each hexagon comprised of 6 triangles. Provides superior constrainment of structural failure point spread.
We like and comment for that algorithm. Great video!
Lovin the pipedream
the orbital mechanics/rocket science in this video feels a little under develoiped, stuff like how Delta V is calculated, and the mars travel times which is arbitrary instead of payload%of takeoff weight to mars which is actually depedant on the stats we're talking about
So excited you're doing a video on lattice confinement fusion. Subbing just for this.
This video is magnificent 10/10
Good video overall, but there were some inaccuracies with Specific Impulse and travel time.
Very nice videos, keep doing this 👍
Also have a look at new technology i.e. PHA from food waste, do make a video if you feel like.
LH2 would be the best diluent for metallic hydrogen fuel, it provides a light exhaust (H2, MW = 2) and high exhaust velocities. If the exhaust is always a plasma, a magnetic field might keep the exhaust away from the reaction chamber and nozzle?
Karl Themel I assume you could hybridize current hydrogen and plasma thrusters. Bigger issue would be mass-production for sure.
Last time i was this early Subject Zero Science was not even seen on the Joe Scott episode
@Marcos Filho did you accidently reply to the wrong comment ?
@@nickvangeel he's spamming this BS literally everywhere
@@zoltanpeter4719 Report for spam or no ?
@@nickvangeel I did.
@@zoltanpeter4719 any guess on why he is spamming? I feel like it's a rabbit hole type of story
i think some astronomer predict that inside the juniper is a core made of pure metallic hydrogen. And its super conducting property is what's causing juniper to have such strong magnetic field relative to its size. Hopefully in the future, there will be a space mission that sent a probe to the center of Jupiter to collect metallic hydrogen. Assuming the probe don't get crush by the pressure first.
7:44 I have a feeling you got that from Cave Johnson.
awosome news thanx ..................................... alot
BEST SCIENCE VIDEO
very informative
Good video.
You seem to have a misunderstanding of what specific impulse is. It's not the time the engine can burn for. It's the exhaust velocity, giving impulse per unit fuel burned. It's used in equations, but not how you used it.
Interesting relation to the Tokamak. 85 yrs of research to the topic! Wonder what catalysts, if any, have been tried? What happens to the electrons. Seems to be related to magnetism for it to maintain stability above super cold temps. Sure wish I was young again and could think about this.
I hope someone makes some soon then.
Another thing that interests me is whether the Earth core could be not made of NiFe, but by the metallic Hydrogen. If that was possible, it could explain one crazy theory that the Earth is gradually expanding by slowly releasing the H from the core, and by reacting with Oxygen creates water and thus the Earth increases its size. I mean I don't believe that one but it intrigues me. Just what if...
It would nicely explain why the Pangea was one land mass (when Earth was so small that it was only land) and why it got torn to continents as there is more and more stuff released.
You should provide a video card in the corner while referencing your previous video for better reach to people who didn't watch that video.
Very useful
I was thinking using metallic hydrogen to design circuits that interact with the frequencies of the subatomic world for thrust grabbing and pushing against the fabric of spacetime.
Really interesting issue. I have never listened anything about it.
Spectacular!
The forming of Cooper pairs in BCS theory is a bit trickier to explain properly. A Cooper pair is formed when 2 electron have opposite spin and opposite velocity (k-vector). Therefore a single pair would always travel apart, which would decrease the latice deformation. To solve this, the superconductor has many electrons availlable for superconducting and the pairs constantly switch. So not one pair is creating the superconductor, but the whole assembly of electrons are needed.
Implications are enormous for the largest self-sustained fusion reactor we know: our Sun. Especially when it comes to heavier elements accumulating between layers of the Hydrogen lattice, causing disruptions and finally being expelled from the outer layers (CMEs). Our sun is not gazeous, it is liquid (outer) & solid (inner) metallic Hydrogen structures.
2:23
In real life it would look nothing like that, as adding and burning oxigen would only decrease sepcific impulse due to higher atomic mass. However to get higher thrust, adding regular liquid hydrogen would definitely help
1:26 SpaceX Falcon-9, no H2 onboard. Picture a ULA Delta IV perhaps?
What’s the difference between “lattice confinement Fusion” and cold fusion, if any?
Both look iffy, dont put too much hype on it.
Cold fusion works by quantum tunneling through the Culomb Barrier while lattice confinement does weird things with high energy gammas and deuterium in a metal catalyst
'cold fusion' isn't a single beast. It's a category.
The major requirement being that temperatures and pressures much less than a stellar core are implied.
So far as I'm aware, cold fusion isn't considered possible using any currently known strategy, but if it is possible it will likely be much more demanding than plasma fusion simply because it will require ideal conditions to even work.
Plasma fusion is proving to be hard enough to sustain and it's pretty straight forward. Get hydrogen hot enough and moving fast enough and it just becomes a question of trying to maintain containment while bleeding off heat to use in generating power.
@@ablebaker8664 I gennerally use cold fusion as synonimous for tunneling based fusion, as its the only legit way to make it work and its more precise than 'below temps in the core of stars'
@@antaresmc4407
Tunneling is involved in fusion of every flavor though.
@@ablebaker8664 yea, but its not usually the mechsnism it relies to work. In the case of legit cold, muon cat fusion its almost exclusively tunneling based. ųon (XD) cat fusion doesnt look very useful tho.
lattice confinement fusion? sounds like (yet another) new name for cold fusion to me... I love it! :)
see: “phonon assisted low energy nuclear reactions”
Could you use a containment forcefield instead of melting metal as a combustion chamber to deal with the extra heat deal?
If it was metastable and could be produced in sufficient quantities, Could it also be used to extend the range of current missles?
Nah, too heavy and expensive
quite obviously, yes. Missiles are just rockets with an explosive payload.
Even more important is to understand STARS are composed of metallic Hydrogen. The superconductivity of that ultra hard dense core drives plasma layer formation, and the surface fusion which powers stars. THEY ARE NOT GASEOUS, WITH A MOLTEN GAS CORE.
Hi Admin Subject Zero, how difficult to make this? cost to manufactured it?
Amazing👏
if hydrogen becomes denser allowing more fuel, wouldnt we just be adding weight to the tank? or do the properties of metallic hydrogen have less weight?
What do you use to make animations?
Theoria Apohesis has some really good vids about Hydrogen and its amazing properties. Is it the best super conductor? Watch some of his vids and you will see its importance in creation of minor and major events.
Making functional use of Muonic hydrogen is way more likely to be possible in the future, than being able to handle metallic hydrogen.
Muonic hydrogen is way more dense than Metallic hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, too. Muons orbit 207x times closer to the nucleus than electrons do.
One drawback: Muons only live for about 2 millionths of a second due to their decay half-life. Currently there is no known way to influence the weak force (read: half-life of fundamental particles), besides placing it in an extreme gravitational field (which has to be shielded from its surrounding and influence the particle only), or accelerating it to extreme velocity.
So you see the perspective of the scale of the engineering challenges.
To me, superconductivity is a bit like a linear motor, only it's the electrostatic force doing the attracting, with the nucleus vibration frequency and electron speed in perfect harmony, with the pull lessening to nothing as the nucleus is too far away so the electron continues on, without hindrence once it has passed, with the next nucleus then starting to attract it. This is aided by the shear bulk of electrons REPELLING each other... Cooper Pairs are just a misinterpreted observation. Electrons are NOT dragging each other around. This is a much more sensible solution to me, although electron entanglement could be an option, I suppose... All you need to tie the forces of nature together, including as much or as little Dark Energy as the ying to gravity's yang is a subspace field of +ve charge quanta cells held together by an ethereal sea of -ve charge flux. Explains wave-particle duality / double slit and many other phenomena while sorting out the Quark + Higgs Field OBVIOUS FUDGE. Keep It Sensibly Simple.
Is it metallic hydrogen really stable at room temperature after its compressed?
It is still an open question. I would expect no, for safety.
Nobody really knows.Theoretically it is supposed to be but if its not its gonna be useless.
I'm guessing not? Otherwise, wouldn't the researchers who managed to confirm the existence of metallic hydrogen experimentally also then confirm that the hydrogen sample remained in it's metallic form after the press was removed?
yeah i was thinking the same, if it does not remain stable than no way it could be used as fuel
@@blackmage-89 That was going in my head also but maybe the amount was so small that it cannot be confirmed.
Specific impulse is in seconds of *earth gravity* acceleration. You can’t just pick an acceleration number like 20 m/s^2. It has to be 9.8 m/s^2.
And that just gives you a number for effective exhaust velocity. You need to take (specific impulse in m/s)*ln(wet mass/dry mass) I believe. At least, that’s the equation I remember using in Kerbal Space Program, haha.
I get it that H2 can be compressed to a solid. At tgat state, the H2 will contain a hugh amount of energy jyst from the compression. Would the H2 seek to disperse itself under certain conditions? For instance, if it was scratched in tge solid state, would the H2 enter a state of bleeding off the surface?
how much Kelvin is 0 degrees Celsius?
how much Kelvin is 0 degrees Fahrenheit?
also, I thought there were at least a few other high temperature superconductors (that dont require overpressure), can you list some?
The "high" temperatures part is 160K(-112 C) instead of 4K. Not so helpfull
Can you make a vedio about Quantum mechanics plz!!!
If the paired electrons experience no resistance moving through a superconductor, how do they transfer their impulse to atoms to hold a piece of superconductor levitating in a magnetic field?
I've always loved LMH, but this is the first I've heard the metastable news, so cool! Quantum lock floating trains, here we come!!
So as I understand it you need a diamond anvil to make metallic hydrogen, not sure we can wait 100 years to make enough for a rocket
I still can't get past how H can violate the phase transition state table at atmospheric pressures and temperatures. If at MSL and 20C H is a gas now can it be a solid also without immediately vaporizing?
4:43 btw his full name was Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (also see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes )
what is the ebulition of metalic hydrogen? the tensile ? with will be strong as stainles steel and weght like aluminium? have low density.
It's just so exciting! Edit, also will lead to the ability to mitigate that amount of pressure.
Em. Prof. Leif Holmlid (university of Gothenburg, Sweden) has introduced an extremely simple method to create metallic hydrogen.
He calls this form of hydrogen 'Ultra Dense Hydrogen'. A simple catalyst used in petrochemical industries is capable of creating metallic hydrogen at room temperature at low pressures (< 0.5 Atm).
See his publications at www.researchgate.net/profile/Leif_Holmlid.
His method has been replicated by the university of Iceland and Norront Fusion Energy, a Norwegian company.
could magnetic confinement be used to prevent the rocket chamber parts melting from the heat?
maybe, but too much weight both with the magnets and, well, batteries? How would you produce that electricity?
Edit: Now that I though about that, it is definitly a good idea. May not work, but it is a good idea. Maybe, the weight is worth it because with magnets you could create a lot of temperature and presure. Maybe it's like the rocket landing a decade ago, we though it was impossible, but no. Just wait for the future
Maybe this will be feasible in the larger scale
anyone ever tryed to achieve fusion in superfluid helium? I mean if space is a superfluid, if you wanna achieve what the suns is doing, try doing it in the same environnement. ( vacuum or superfluid your choice)