The Mystery of the Unknown "Ramsey Numbers"

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  • Опубліковано 28 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 133

  • @ComboClass
    @ComboClass  Рік тому +22

    Hope you all enjoy! After you watch, check the description for other cool links (like a few new "shorts" I put on this channel without sending to notifications/subscriptions). Also check out my @Domotro channel for all my livestreams and bonus videos!

    • @sonyamainprize6407
      @sonyamainprize6407 Рік тому +2

      R(9,9)=345-50,000

    • @BaseSixBasics
      @BaseSixBasics 10 місяців тому +1

      I predict that the next Ramsey number is 48, because base six :)

  • @darreljones8645
    @darreljones8645 Рік тому +43

    A slight error in the graphic that shows up around 6:30: The phrase "pigeonhole principle" is misspelled. A "pigeonhole principal" would likely be someone in charge of a mailroom. :)

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +15

      Good observation, you’re correct haha

    • @ulalaFrugilega
      @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому +7

      @@ComboClass totally on purpose for sure. 😂 I see a smug pigeon strutting around, organising all those holes into bunches of 5 which seems to the number a smart pigeon can count.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +8

      @@ulalaFrugilega It was an accident, but as far as misspellings go, at least it was a humorous one haha

    • @joedevitt132
      @joedevitt132 Рік тому

      You are very smart... does that make you feel good?

    • @ulalaFrugilega
      @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому +1

      @@joedevitt132 🤣 don't you think it's good and helpful to point out mistakes?

  • @stickfiftyfive
    @stickfiftyfive Рік тому +50

    Tonight I am ready to learn about this cool unsolved problem in mathematics.

    • @joedevitt132
      @joedevitt132 Рік тому

      Said no one ever. This shit will send you phucking mad, as you can clearly see in most of his videos, it takes a certain type to pull it off... Mathematics, not even once.

    • @lyrimetacurl0
      @lyrimetacurl0 Рік тому +1

      I wonder what the 1919th Busy Beaver number is.

  • @gustavocortico1681
    @gustavocortico1681 Рік тому +18

    This seems extremely useful and frankly kind of magical. Just imagine, you have a big set whose elements relate to each other. By merely knowing the size of the set you can immediately infer over the relationship between the elements.

    • @SirCalculator
      @SirCalculator Рік тому +1

      Actually Ramsey numbers have been known to be quite useless among mathematicians so its funny that you say that :D But I agree that the whole concept is extremely fun and engaging

    • @Madrawn
      @Madrawn Рік тому +2

      @@SirCalculator I think it might be useful for circumstances in fields where such a connected group has special properties. Like if I had a polymer that formed by connecting to its neighbours either using a double bond or a triple bond, and I knew that three molecules that connect to each using only one type of bond will be broken down into some deadly toxin if you eat it. Then I know that polymer could never be made non-toxic no matter how clever I am and how much control I exercise over the reaction. (This example doesn't hold up to closer scrutiny without some further conditions like each molecule would have to always connect to at least 6 others which would have to be some form of lattice i think)

  • @newd9848
    @newd9848 Рік тому +6

    I really liked the part where you pet your cat and simultaneously explain the math stuff. Very cute!

  • @madisonjacques8507
    @madisonjacques8507 Рік тому +4

    I really love your videos, but my favorite part of this was how happy the kitty was when you rubbed its belly

  • @u_cuban
    @u_cuban Рік тому +6

    It would be interesting to hear about some of the unintended benefits of these abstract mathematical questions. For instance, I could see Ramsey Numbers being used to predict properties of metallurgical alloys based on the geometries of their bonds within repeating microstructure shapes in the alloy (much like the tiling vid I watched previously). While I do enjoy pure maths for maths' sake, I think linking it to advancements in other fields would help make the information feel more accessible and encourage cross-disciplinary consideration of the knowledge.

    • @TymexComputing
      @TymexComputing Рік тому

      I hope that for metallurgy its enough to find that R(5,5) to be between 43-48 :) - even for the "multi-scale" metallurgy simulations

  • @aslkdjfalsdkjfasldkfj
    @aslkdjfalsdkjfasldkfj 7 місяців тому

    my new favorite channel after the eggs and complexity and this

  • @krishnakrick7475
    @krishnakrick7475 Рік тому +9

    @comboclass
    Nice presentation and explanation
    There is a pattern in Ramsey number table 15:03 . If you view the Ramsey number table diagonally, it represents a sort of reduced Pascal's triangle. By observation, it shows
    1. The upper bound of Ramsey number is Pascal number.
    2. Ramsey number is less than or equal to Pascal number.

    • @drenzine
      @drenzine Рік тому

      that is pretty interesting...

    • @HeavyMetalMouse
      @HeavyMetalMouse Рік тому +9

      The real trick is to try and prove that this pattern continues to hold going forward. Many patterns in maths tend to hold for a small number of initial values, then break at a certain point at which the problem passes some boundary of complexity. Occasionally, that 'small number' can be ridiculously large, which is particularly annoying.

    • @renerpho
      @renerpho Рік тому +2

      @@HeavyMetalMouse Which is a corollary of Guy's strong law of small numbers: "You can't tell by looking," and "there aren't enough small numbers to meet the many demands made of them".

    • @drenzine
      @drenzine Рік тому +2

      @@HeavyMetalMouse Looking at the Wikipedia page (in the Asymptotics part) apparently it is proven that an upper limit of a ramsey number is (r+s-2 r-1) which i think is also the formula for the pascals numbers but im not sure

    • @stanleydodds9
      @stanleydodds9 Рік тому

      These are called the binomial coefficients, and it's quite easy to prove that they are an upper bound on the Ramsey numbers.
      Consider a graph with R(x-1,y) + R(x, y-1) vertices. Pick any vertex, and say it has r red edges and b blue edges connected to it.
      If r

  • @Paul-fn2wb
    @Paul-fn2wb Рік тому +1

    I'd die after a minute of such intense talking, you're awesome. It's rare I come back to a video I started watching a day before, but here I am! I heard about the numbers previously, but only now I understand their meaning. Thank you! Cute pets and studio!

  • @nickcarr5724
    @nickcarr5724 Рік тому

    I mean this in the best way possible: this is the most absolutely unhinged video I have ever seen.

  • @maynardtrendle820
    @maynardtrendle820 Рік тому +2

    I like the cleaned-up combo class.

  • @TheChemist94
    @TheChemist94 Рік тому +3

    Dots and colors was much more intuitive explanation to me than high-fives.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому

      The colors are definitely easier to visualize. The high-fives were mostly to show how it can apply to real-world situations

  • @matthijshebly
    @matthijshebly Рік тому

    Wasn't sure about your delivery at first, but I'm warming up to it, and your content is great :)

  • @boxmanatee
    @boxmanatee Рік тому +1

    These videos are just getting better and better.

  • @richardforster1239
    @richardforster1239 Рік тому +6

    Is it known whether R(7,7) must be smaller than R(8,8)? The ranges you gave imply that R(8,8) could be smaller but my faulty human intuition expects R(7,7) to be smaller.
    Similar questions exist for non diagonal numbers, so R(6,6) vs R(6,7) for example.
    Great videos by the way!

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +8

      Yeah as you’d guess, R(7,7) can’t be larger than R(8,8), so basically R(7,7) could only be in the > 283 part of its range if R(8,8) is also above that in its own range

  • @november666
    @november666 Рік тому +2

    It’s crazy that mathematicians can’t figure out what 43 - 48 is. Like bro, it’s just -5

  • @peppermann
    @peppermann Рік тому +2

    Wonderfully and enthusiastically presented, as always!

  • @TheMagicFellow
    @TheMagicFellow Рік тому +2

    Nice to see some of the "Combo Mail" being used in videos from the Live streams.

  • @conrmckocoa9352
    @conrmckocoa9352 Рік тому

    Thanks for explaining it in multiple ways with multiple visuals and examples, that's really helpful

  • @stickfiftyfive
    @stickfiftyfive Рік тому +7

    I might not be a computer but I can sure as hell draw a lot of dots and lines and now.. I must.

    • @ulalaFrugilega
      @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому

      And not just once either... reminds of the heroine in Heinrich Böll's book "Gruppenbild mit Dame" who had started drawing an eye in such detail that every cell of the retina was visible. Impossible to do in a human lifetime, but she was working on it anyway.

  • @Bingcenzo
    @Bingcenzo Рік тому +1

    "What were you doing at that party?"
    "Uh... high fiving?"

  • @TheCookiePup
    @TheCookiePup Рік тому +4

    I found a similar sequence "A089424" on the OEIS, but it becomes invalid since 1580 is outside of the 282-1532 range.

    • @TheCookiePup
      @TheCookiePup Рік тому +2

      Possibly better comparisons:
      A241208 (divide by 2)
      A336127 (skip first 3 terms, divide by 8)
      A174470 (skip first 2 terms, divide by 9)
      I was searching OEIS for more instances of 1n, 2n, 6n, 18n where the next term is somewhere between 43n and 48n, and the following terms continue to fit the ranges for the lower and upper bounds.

    • @stickfiftyfive
      @stickfiftyfive Рік тому +3

      A000957 (Fine's sequence) also matches the first four (only) diagonal Ramsey numbers, and is related to the Catalan numbers.

  • @PotatoVariety
    @PotatoVariety Рік тому +1

    This proves that, in every party with only one person, that person will always high five themselves.

  • @wesleydeng71
    @wesleydeng71 Рік тому

    Thanks for the good video. I have a black cat that looks exactly the same as the first one!🐈‍⬛

  • @jagoandlitefoot
    @jagoandlitefoot Рік тому +1

    i love your cats so much 🥺🥺🥺🥺🥺

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +1

      Me too! I’ll try to feature them in more episodes :)

  • @JenkinsUSA
    @JenkinsUSA Рік тому

    @0:29 ChatGPT - I couldn’t resist 💪

  • @CatherineKimport
    @CatherineKimport Рік тому +2

    This low number answer, very hard to prove problem reminds me of the search for “God’s Number,” the maximum number of moves that an optimum solution for a Rubik’s Cube scramble can have.

  • @glarynth
    @glarynth Рік тому

    Your set would make Doc Brown feel at home

  • @wjones28
    @wjones28 Рік тому +4

    bro I just wanted to smoke and go to sleep😭now I will smoke and have my mind blown.

  • @ulalaFrugilega
    @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому +2

    Why is this called Combo Class?
    Totally enjoy it, thanks!

    • @anthropomorphicpeanut6160
      @anthropomorphicpeanut6160 Рік тому +2

      Combinatorics I guess

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +2

      There is a whole history behind why I called it Combo Class and various reasons, but one of the simpler-to-explain reasons is that I like to “combine” different topics/approaches, such as mixing pure math teaching with other things in nature/philosophy/language/etc

    • @ulalaFrugilega
      @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому

      @@ComboClass To me, Combo has musical associations, which does go well with mathematics, of course.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +1

      @@ulalaFrugilega There will be musical connections in future episodes for sure :)

    • @ulalaFrugilega
      @ulalaFrugilega Рік тому

      @@ComboClass just saw the exponents episode and was delighted by the promise of your inside-background...
      but saddened by the realisation that I'm too stupid to understand why 2 does not multiply like 3 does. Stuck at 4 when I expected 8... so, though I had absolutely expected correctly, how the other numbers developed, I now doubt if I really understand. Still, I do love numbers a lot, and the way you explain things at least as much, so I enjoyed myself anyway. Thanks!
      By the way: do you think we must have sth. fundamentally right in presenting our numbers, if the digit sum tells us so much about a number's traits? Or would there be other ways, like the Romans', that may give different clues?

  • @Hinyousha
    @Hinyousha Рік тому +1

    This somehow feels like those cases where they find the fifth number and that gives a complete formula for all cases

  • @TymexComputing
    @TymexComputing Рік тому

    15:40 - the definition why diagonal Ramsey number is "diagonal" - pretty obvious but i still was a suprise :)

  • @nicholasweaver2374
    @nicholasweaver2374 Рік тому

    Aliens: People of Earth! We demand the 5th Ramsey number!
    Humanity: We don’t know it!
    Aliens: Dang, you don't know either? That's unfortunate.

  • @blueschase11
    @blueschase11 Рік тому

    What was those crossings of the 4 connections and from 18gon.

  • @cube2fox
    @cube2fox 3 місяці тому

    This reminds me of VC dimension, a complex concept from statistical learning theory.

  • @gregorydessingue5625
    @gregorydessingue5625 Рік тому

    I work in a space with no cell phones, and no internet in the computer I use. You’ve inspired me to play with the calculator occasionally on breaks 😅

  • @popularmisconception1
    @popularmisconception1 7 місяців тому

    This sounds certainly like a combinatorial problem. And the table, when rotated diagonally, looks a lot like a pascal triangle. So I'm pretty sure intuitively that the answer to what the R(a,b) formula is has to do with combination numbers (and multinomial coefficients for more then 2 colors) and inclusion and exclusion principle. Some thinking and maybe a conjectural formula could be devised.... lemme think...

  • @godhimself1125
    @godhimself1125 Рік тому +1

    13:27 oh no he’s talking about r(3,4)

  • @hkayakh
    @hkayakh Рік тому +3

    Oh so Ramsey numbers are that time travel riddle by Ted Ed

  • @claytonhiggins7526
    @claytonhiggins7526 Рік тому +5

    Love the video! But how is it that we know R(a,b) always exists?

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +7

      A theorem called Ramsey’s theorem proved that there will always be a finite solution to R(a,b)

  • @dananichols349
    @dananichols349 Рік тому

    As usual, by the end of the video I have no idea what's going on, and yet... I get the feeling that I'm more enlightened than before I watched the video.

  • @rickyraj7773
    @rickyraj7773 Рік тому +1

    Hello
    I don't know if you'll read this but in any case you do I just wanted to ask for any advice that you can give me for mathematics as I'm now in jr college I am finding it do be really difficult...maybe 2-3 later our class will start calculus and coordinate geo.
    I'm kinda scared of these two
    So please if there's any advice that you can give regarding
    How to improve in maths

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +1

      Some advice I will always recommend is to read a lot (both from books and from online encyclopedias/articles) and take notes about different ways to describe topics or connections you find between them. And work with the topics yourself, doing personal experiments to see what you can demonstrate yourself and what further questions you think of. That’s just a few pieces of advice. Good luck!

    • @rickyraj7773
      @rickyraj7773 Рік тому +1

      @@ComboClass
      Thanks for the advice

  • @ashleyvalleyfarms3712
    @ashleyvalleyfarms3712 Рік тому +1

    I had no clue jack harlow was so passionate about math

  • @stickmandaninacan
    @stickmandaninacan Рік тому +2

    All i heard was "the answer is a whole number less than 50" i haven't watched further, but the answer has just gotta be 42. That super computer already figured it out

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +3

      I do love the hitchhiker’s guide to the galaxy. Unfortunately with the number I was referring to here, it has been proven larger than 42. Might be 43 though

  • @azimuth4850
    @azimuth4850 Рік тому +1

    Interesting.

  • @theinternetis7250
    @theinternetis7250 Рік тому +1

    Next episode: the Reimann Zeta Function

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +7

      Not next episode, but I do plan to make an episode about that before long :)

  • @snakewhitcher4189
    @snakewhitcher4189 Рік тому

    I was thinking the exact same thing. I Was unfortunately predisposed. No math. Only teeth.

  • @GameJam230
    @GameJam230 Рік тому

    I feel like calling them dots, or vertices on a N-gon might be a red herring. After all, you can rearrange the the dots, moving their respective connections along with the ends, and you'll end up with a new arrangement of connections, which you referred to as a different "coloration". In reality though, all you've done is visually diaplaced information that you had, but you haven't actually changed it. If that is the case, then it would imply there is some inherent cause for this which is in no way related to connecting points in a geometric structure, and that any algorithm you can use to determine if two points are connected or not will always output the same results.
    For example, let's say we draw a red connection between any two points which are coprime with each-other, and a blue connection between any two points which are not. This will obey the rule for all *known* numbers, as in if you have 6 numbers, whether consecutive, randomly selected, or from some specific sequence, then it will be guaranteed that either a 3-gon of blue connections or (but not exclusively) a 3-gon of red connections will exist in it.
    And, with having the ability to change what the numbers are without affecting the validity of the statement, it could be equated to simply rearranging the vertices on a geometric shape. In both cases we have made only minor changes to the information, but some distinct force is still causing the statement to be true, which as I said, implies that it is not something that depends on the arrangement and selection of the data, but on some inherent fact about trying to connect concepts together to begin with.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому

      I’m not sure where you got the “n-gon” idea, I never mentioned that. Each “coloration” I described has a clear and technical definition. Like I mentioned later in the episode, they are the distinct “graphs” on n vertices, in what’s called graph theory

    • @GameJam230
      @GameJam230 Рік тому

      @@ComboClass I was using N-gon as a way to phrase what the visual looked like, I wasn't suggesting you called them that necessarily. You drew 6 dots close to equally spaced apart for R(3,3), which is functionally equivalent to 6 vertices for a regular hexagon. But what if I took the position of two of these points, and swapped them? (To clarify, that means I move their respective connections too. So if point 1 and 5 are connected, they'll still be connected if I swap the position of point 1 and point 3, regardless of if point 3 was connected to point 5 or not). Visually speaking, it looks like we've just drawn a brand new graph with a different arrangement of connections between points, but functionally speaking, it's the same points that are connected. I only used the terms I did to attempt to convey that this may not really be a "graph theory" problem, and instead one that can be *visualized* with graph theory.
      Or rather, not to suggest it isn't a graph theory problem, but instead to suggest that visualizing the problem is causing a misconception with its meaning. That's more what I'm trying to get at here- that visually representing this problem is what causes the distinction I'm noting. Whether that visualization is calling it connected points, high-fiving people at a party, or numbers which are coprime. In all 3 cases, they are different ways to represent the same problem, and all obey the same rules as the others.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +1

      Well yeah I mentioned in the video that you can move the dots wherever and it would be called the same “graph” as long as the web of connections is the same. Whether you include just the distinct graphs or include all visual ways of doing it, the rules (like that 6 dots will always have a monochromatic triangle) are true either way. And it’s not about n-gons but it’s far easier to draw the connections when you space the vertices equidistant on an invisible circle which ends up being a polygonal shape

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому

      And it is possible to describe this problem without using any visualizations, but it would still typically be classified as graph theory. However, graph theory is very commonly given this type of visualization because otherwise it’s much harder to work with

  • @jorian_meeuse
    @jorian_meeuse Рік тому

    There was a breakthrough in ramsey numbers very recently, apparently. I'm not sure about the details, but I believe someone solved R(4,t)

  • @evenaxin3628
    @evenaxin3628 Рік тому +1

    Would R(2,3,3) be 7?

  • @OzoneTheLynx
    @OzoneTheLynx 6 місяців тому

    this feels like a problem that should be efficiently solvable using quantum computers, then again I don't actually knwo quantum informatics.

  • @snakewhitcher4189
    @snakewhitcher4189 Рік тому

    My left hand seeks blood.

  • @good.citizen
    @good.citizen Рік тому

    yep ibe skipping since the back yard camp out you know smoking or hanging out at the bowling alley, although i got the fibonacci primes i need to cram derivative intergrations mod sqare root of twelve plus an accountability of extra stellar brownian mass motion pls
    thank you combo class

  • @obiobiero6498
    @obiobiero6498 Рік тому

    Im raising tis concern late but I'd like to know how the possible colourations are calculated.Anyone who knows how?

  • @General12th
    @General12th Рік тому

    Hi Combo!
    I like to think that isn't your cat. You're just petting random cats who wander into the shot.

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +2

      Well, although they are my (3) cats, one of them was a stray who did kinda wander into my realm and started getting pets and decided to stay over time (now is officially adopted)

  • @devoidsloth
    @devoidsloth Рік тому +2

    I wonder if they’re all even

  • @tomkerruish2982
    @tomkerruish2982 7 місяців тому

    Naïvely, this sounds like something amenable to quantum computing. I'd really like to stress that first word.

  • @darrylschultz9395
    @darrylschultz9395 Рік тому

    C'mon-nobody would hi-five anyone at a party that was part of this Ramsey experiment. Get real-they'd all head straight for the beers!

  • @NoOffenseAnimation
    @NoOffenseAnimation Рік тому

    If aliens ever come and demand the 5th Ramsey number, I'll know that domotro prophecied (?) this

  • @aer0a
    @aer0a Рік тому

    If you were lucky, a computer could instantly eliminate a number

  • @NathanBrock-ih2ee
    @NathanBrock-ih2ee Рік тому

    Why R(3,4), you couldn't have chosen any other pair of numbers. I'm not going to tell why it's a problem, but I believe you should already know.

  • @bobh6728
    @bobh6728 Рік тому

    There is one thing he needs to study about more. That is gravity. Things fall if there is nothing holding them up!! 🤪

  • @thebetterone7638
    @thebetterone7638 Рік тому

    Isn’t it 54
    2(1+2+6+18)

  • @chrisdecke5619
    @chrisdecke5619 Рік тому +1

    Anybody confused

  • @monoman4083
    @monoman4083 Рік тому

    ramsey ramjet

  • @alexhd4747
    @alexhd4747 Рік тому

    bro stole my cat

  • @keonscorner516
    @keonscorner516 Рік тому

    R(5,5) is 45 exactly I know it

  • @sonyamainprize6407
    @sonyamainprize6407 Рік тому

    R(9,9)=345-50,000

  • @andylenk959
    @andylenk959 Рік тому

    Perhaps use an intiger composit list with various arrangements of 0 ie(0101011010=5 and 11010110=5) then use IF statement to eliminate, or model possibilities of the angular, vertical and horizontal lattice pathway possibilities.
    ua-cam.com/video/er9j4r3hkng/v-deo.html

  • @Justyouraveragedaeodon5
    @Justyouraveragedaeodon5 Рік тому +1

    3x+1

  • @user-pr6ed3ri2k
    @user-pr6ed3ri2k Рік тому

    Wait i think numberphile discussed thiw lol but i eont 4:37 0:01* really remembermrmfkrkendjrjrjrjrjrrhrhr

  • @hkayakh
    @hkayakh Рік тому +1

    It’s easy just guess

  • @paulfoss5385
    @paulfoss5385 Рік тому

    3:59 I am of two minds over the use of the term "subgroup" here instead of "subset". On the one hand "group" has a very specific meaning in mathematics, but on the other hand mathematicians clearly named "sets" and "groups" backwards. People naturally talk about "grouping" items for defining arbitrary collections, but in abstract algebra arbitrary collections of elements don't generally form groups which have to satisfy rigid properties which are set in place. People only talk about "setting" things if they have a specific arrangement in mind, like setting the table. Every single time I try to explain groups to people I have to waste a bunch of time saying what it isn't. And this video isn't employing ideas from abstract algebra, so its fine, but to someone who has studied abstract algebra it can sound a bit off and "subset" would have worked here, although it could risk making the video sound too formal and uninviting. 🤷‍♂
    My pedantry aside, great video.

  • @rose_no
    @rose_no Рік тому +2

    Not First

  • @Tletna
    @Tletna Рік тому

    I don't have an answer yet but this sort of problem seems like the kind of problem where if one thinks about it differently it might become easier or harder to solve.

  • @sonyamainprize6407
    @sonyamainprize6407 Рік тому +1

    R(0,0)=0

  • @thatfamiiiarnight3665
    @thatfamiiiarnight3665 Рік тому

    we’re up all night to the sun
    we’re up all night to get some
    we’re up all night for good fun
    we’re up all night to get lucky

  • @hkayakh
    @hkayakh Рік тому +1

    1 57

    • @ComboClass
      @ComboClass  Рік тому +1

      One recommendation is to read a lot, both from books and from online encyclopedias/articles, and to take notes while you are reading. Then, try to do experiments or work with the concepts yourself, seeing which portions you can demonstrate yourself and which other questions emerge when you play with the topic. And throughout that, look for connections between different topics you've encountered, and take notes about those connections. That's just a few pieces of advice. Good luck.

  • @pauselab5569
    @pauselab5569 Рік тому

    almost first