EMDR Therapy Demonstration: Phases 1-8
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- Опубліковано 25 лип 2024
- Watch master EMDR clinician and trainer Dr. Jamie Marich work with a single incident trauma case using Phases 1-8 of the standard EMDR therapy protocol. Excellent example of working with abreaction and a future template contained in this demonstration.
- Розваги
Phase 1: Client History (1:05)
Phase 2: Preparation (4:21)
Phase 3: Assessment (15:48)
Phase 4: Desensitization (19:25)
Phase 5: Installation (43:35)
Phase 6: Body Scan (49:36)
Phase 7: Closure (56:40)
Phase 8: Reevaluation (57:44)
Useful, thank you!
Thank you so much, exactly what I needed. Very helpful to have it in writing!
Can it be done in a single session
thanks 👍
What about individuals that are legally blind, can you help them or find a way to adapt the process? People with special needs in varying degrees could use this also and modifications would be needed regarding communication in the therapeutic process. I have observed a lot and read a great deal. I feel EMDR with very patient therapists with a Special Education/ ASL/Braile in an otherwise ignored part of our population may need this type of mental health intervention.
I tried EMDR with my therapist for the first time a few days ago and I am so surprised at how vividly I remembered my emotions during my trauma. I even cried pretty hard which I found unexpected.
I just started about 3 months ago.. its amazing isnt it!!! I hate it though lol
@@SchmeesCrotchFruit Keep going with it... the worst tasting medicine works the best! Good luck!
EMDR is awesome. Keep going!
OMG ME TOO
Did the crying make you feel better or worse? Crying always gives me migraines and makes me depressed. I avoid it whenever possible. Did it help...
Thanks I've been nervous about what a session would entail, now I'm more comfortable going into this. Kudos to the patient for allowing this to be shown publically. Know that you are helping so many people out, thank you for sharing this part of your life with us.
She was so brave to be so vulnerable!
Why hasn’t she mentioned panic. Wouldn’t that be the first feeling.
I’m 4 years late to this comment, but, I hope it worked out for you. I’m gonna look into this for myself
I love the therapist. Her voice, the way she sounds, calming.
I got trapped under a wave a few times back when I lived in Hawaii and it scared the crap out of me, not to the point where I’m scared of pools and the ocean shore. But I recently tried to go snorkeling in The Bahamas and I completely panicked. My bf did not understand at all. Once you feel you can’t breathe for a second and that panic sets in, it’s very difficult to overcome.
That is because ALL of our brains are wired for survival. Anything that truly threatens our life will get imprinted on the brain, and when it does that it's called trauma. Often we don't even realize it until the NEXT TIME we are in a similar situation and then freak out (and no on-looker can figure out why we are "over-reacting" to the current situation...when the brain is remembering the PAST situation that threatened our ability to go on living).
@Rick1979 No. She needs to explain her boyfriend what happened so next time he can adapt to the situation and help her to calm down. Don't blame it on him. Just don't blame it on anyone.
I have the same issue. 32 years old have tried to Scuba Dive twice. Took me about 30 minutes the first time to make it 20 feet down and had to immediately come back up. Just tried again in Oahu and immediate panic attack again. I recall almost drowning from a wave that took me as a child in San Diego. Totally forgot about that memory until trying to rack my brain recently as to why I cant do it and that memory came back up. Going to look into emdr because I really want to scuba dive.
@Rick1979 no.
The therapists hand movements are like a wiping away...a cleaning... a rubbing away....a polishing the "dirt" off the brain/memory
Oh wow ...I NEVER thought of it that way..holy crap...I FELT your words in my body reading them. I felt a lot of anxiety around watching this and doing it for my own PTSD issues but now after reading that I feel MUCH better and more connected to doing it.THANK YOU!!! ❤
Oh except now when sha says POSITIVE things like "I AM HERE AND A SURVIVOR....AT THE END I WAS SAFE" now I see her wiping that away as well...hmm..anyway to help me see that differently? Ahahah!
@@TahshaRenee hello I hope you get freedom and yours eyes will smile and your countenance shine. Have you heard of polyvagal theory? this is the short explanation ua-cam.com/video/ec3AUMDjtKQ/v-deo.html and this is more in detail ua-cam.com/video/8tz146HQotY/v-deo.html I was researching it and someone's comment led me here to EMDR. Polyvagal theory has hit the hammer on the head for a few persons I know and hope they will now understand the root of their anxiety and emotional shutdown.
the memory is still there but the emotions are no longer there it just becomes stored away like a normal memory
You are doing the hard work - not your therapists' hands. When therapists don't do these hand things the outcomes are the same. You should take credit.
This works. I didn’t expect it to work. But I can think of my trauma without feeling any pain now.
Merlot Time That’s Wonderful!!! Congrats great hard work!!!
❤️
I was recommended it by my therapist. I had a traumatic event I went thru at my workplace and I've been stuck for 9 months now. Anxiety/Depression/Insomnia/intrusive thoughts/OCD obessive thoughts, hoping this works.
Really?
I start my first session in 2 days and I'm not sure what to think of it and I feel very uncomfortable with the thought of being face to face with someone for an hour staring at their fingers.
I am somewhat terrified.
@I am Jack's Smirking UA-cam Account - Love your Fight Club screen name :-) Did you go to that he EMDR session? What did you think about it? I'm just learning about this and my first impression is that this is pretty ridiculous and ineffective Hocus pocus...BUT I realize I'm only just learning about it so I will keep my mind open to it and learning more.
The “I’m here” and “I survived” made me so happy to hear!!!!
Thanks for this and to Elanor Shapiro for EMDR discovery. As a practicing psychiatrist, I referred over 100 of my patients to psychotherapists trained in EMDR for trauma resolution, but only now have come to realize that I, too, am a trauma survivor, that my lifelong "night terrors" were actually reliving dreams from attempted rapes by an uncle when visiting him, and that I've had all the symptoms of PTSD all my life. Now, at 77, I'm retired and a recovered alcoholic/addict, and attend 4-9 AA mtg's/wk. I am impressed with the emotional "holding" in this video and in my AA mtg's, which allowed me to finally have the definitive reliving dream, share it with many others without shame, and even speak of it in meetings. A few oldtimers scolded me gently for bring "outside issues" into our meetings, but they don't realize how many of us trauma survivors are in AA/NA meetings and used alcohol and other drugs to escape the pain and fear residual from that childhood trauma. Stress R Us
I’m looking into EMDR for C-PTSD. My therapist will need superhuman arms to wave me through all of the trauma I’ve experienced.
Leslie Sinclair got a laugh there! Same here, starting first session tomorrow
they also use a small pulsing disk like thing/electronic tool that you hold in your hands, that does the same thing.
I hear you! Same here.
Renita Mouton wondering how the EMDR is going
Renita Mouton how are you now?
Thank you so much for demonstrating this technique. I cried so much when she yelled daddy and raised her arm. That is a real breakthrough and getting unstuck from this trauma.
Steven Reichert does this really work for sra survivors
I'm amazed it took so long.. 15 minutes maximum is all that is needed... not sure why this was so drawn out... as if the original trauma wasn't bad enough but to go through it again for this long? 15 minutes is really more than enoug time to have completely resolved this issue.
@@stevegreen243um what? who are you to say her trauma wasn't that bad? we each experience pain relatively, in different ways and at varying degrees and some people do need more time. maybe it was "drawn out" because she actually wanted to be thorough and help this woman.. i know a lot of doctors and psychologists are just in the field to get paid, but some of them actually want to see clients healing.
+Steven Reichert hearing and seeing that was very moving to me as well!!
I cried, too....also when she began coughing I started to cry for the child so long ago who must have been so terrified in the moment.
I also JUMPED when she called out "god!". I wasn't ready for her to say anything. lol (and I'm an atheist-leaning agnostic lol)
I find when doing emdr that keep returning to the patient's 'safe place' between sets of eye movements is very helpful in processing the memory faster.
Thank you for your courage and what a great example of EMDR!
I’m tired of the nightmares I barely remember more then half of my childhood but I have small pieces that come out in my dreams.
Cyn Standish bless your heart 💛💛💛 I understand, a lot of my trauma was too much to process consciously so it happens in dreams/nightmares and that’s where a lot of memories have come up for me. Sending love ✨🙏🏼✨
I can relate. You are not alone.
This is so beautiful, so moving. I was with the lady throughout the process. I felt her fear, her anger, her anxiety. Her whole body was so tense for so long. The meltdown made me smile, smile through my tears. What a courage to do it all in public. My sincere congratulations. I am very grateful to both ladies. Thank you for making this video.
I agree with Lance. I'm also just out of training 1 and really needed this! Thank you.
Someone got carried away with the commercials...
Fast forward all the way to the end then replay. You won't see any adverts
people dont chose what or how many commercials are in their videos UA-cam determines that. You can eliminate them by getting UA-cam premium which i did but it is $12 a month.
@@alyxchristophe4385 That’s not true though. (Which is why some videos like this have them every 2 min and others have it far less). They can choose. And not everyone wants to pay $12 a month to avoid having ads every 2 minutes.
True. Not always the posters fault
😂😂😂
I coincidently found this video and watched it for my assignment. It is so unbelievable. and I can see your expertise at every pause there. Amazing! Hope to be like you soon!!
Fabulous! Thank you ladies for sharing your ability and your trauma. I do hope this lovely lady enjoys our beautiful oceans.
This is very helpful. You are so powerful and transformative with your clients. Thank you.
15:46 worst memory+ negative cognition
19:41 start
23:19 Stop sign
26:41 Atempause
35:48 It wasn't intentional
41:03 starting to feel peaceful
42:14 No need to be afraid of water
43:33 Installation - feel powerful
49:35 Body scan + settling the feeling of being powerful
my friend you are a hero, your unpaid work is thankless and offers no material rewards but you just saved me several minutes and i appreciate it
@@kayex61 agreed
Thank you!
thank you for this !!
@@kayex61 thanks for the appreciation! I did this for a presentation so I could just click on the time stamps instead of skimming through the video. but I'm happy that it saves some people time
Happy for this lady & those who have success with this… even in our weakest moments we are strong… believe that! It’s so true!
I am about to begin EMDR so this was extremely helpful for me to see the process. Thank you so much.
Thank you for the demonstration. I've been seeking various forms of therapy trying to find the form that can help me. This brings me hope that diving into my subconscious will help manifest healing.
Its so crazy how you can see her labored breathing going back to the emotions, but still being connected to the therapist. I have multiple traumatic experiences that have left me with PTSD, night terrors, anger issues and an eating disorder. I start with a trauma therapist next week and she does EMDR. It's scary, but I'm sure it will do wonders for me. I want to live a normal life and turn the page.
Hey what symptoms do you suffer from I would love to help you have please find some help and support and talk to someone therapy like cbt emdr or try natural remedies.❤️
I'm there with you on multiple trauma events and ptsd.
I'm about to start this soon. Hopefully it's a tactic that will help me. Also, thank you a million times to all therapists, you're all amazing!
How did it go?
This is a great demonstration! As a fellow therapist in the trauma field, you have given me even more encouragement to seek out EMDR training.
Thank you very much for this demonstration, Jamie, it was very helpful to me. I learned lots of 'tweaks' to add to my practice eg 'ask yourself why you are not a 7' when doing the installation. That useful question was not included in my training. I am just between 1 and 2 training and trying it out on simple cases and it's quite amazing how it works. It is so useful to see a real live demo. So a big thanks from me. Kaeren
I use a slightly different technique. I also do not ask a lot disclosure. Great job on the session! Fantastic results! I love your technique.
I used EMDR to process childhood and adult traumas. I have been very successful in my life since addressing those traumas 2 years ago . I am very thankful to this technique in calming me
michelle clermont wow, I could use that. Is it a specialty technique or can any therapist do this?
Jarita McCully they are trained specifically on the method . Search Emdr therapist
Even after so much time passing,it hasn't worn off?You are still feeling better from doing this therapy?I start my first session in 2 days.
ThankYouG0d6! IAmLove yes I am still far calmer than I have ever been in my life. I still startle sometimes and some can sense anxiety in me but based on where I was and where I am now it’s nothing
How many sessions of EMDR did you have and how many memories did you work in on one session?
This video made me cry. It seems so possible now to process all of the trauma I've experienced in my life. Thank you so much for sharing this with the world!
Excellent video of proper technique of EMDR! I am a therapist and trained in EMDR ...good refresher for me! Thanks
looks like bullshit to me
I did this with my therapist....& It seems more hypnotic??? I get the process but it id still.....Hypnotic&somewhat meditation....I appreciate therapist however, I will still believe in my own instincts, not what you believe with a tactic_technique trigger points....
Samira Tv
@@wtfwtfwtf7777 I can tell by your comment you are very well informed and have done a good deal of research on EMDR. Come to think of it ... you obviously don't even know what bullshit looks like. Go to a pasture that has cows in it ... walk around for a while ... then take a look at your left shoe, then your right shoe ... and do that over and over. Now you'll get an idea of what bullshit looks like.
@@brianbcpryor112 I am concerned a little too because I think it might be hynotic and I wouldn't be comfortable with that personally.
Remarkable to watch the process. Thanks to both participants!
That was amazing to observe. What a powerful tool, emdr! I had no idea.
Wow, how did i not stumble onto your tiktok account during the height of the pandemic when we all got lost on that app to pass the time at home. What a treasure trove of information. Did my doctorate in clinical side and fully respect you for your bravery. It is a shame that it still feels like the scariest people to come out to regarding mental health are one’s colleagues in the field.
I just started EMDR for myself and the practitioner had me stand up and move side to side and tap my legs all while watching her fingers. No idea why since I am barely coordinated enough to track fingers while seated, but it was really nice to see what a typical session looks like here.
Wow this was incredible! I have my first session tomorrow and I’m nervous but I feel so much more positive about it for watching this. I can’t wait to get started! Patient was very brave and therapist feels so safe! 🙏
I have done four sessions of EMDR with my therapist. I will be doing two sessions back to back on the 31st of July (2021) and one on August 1st. I think I noticed a difference after four sessions. It's somewhat significant, but I've experienced a lot of trauma, so I'll see after say 5 more sessions, but I am glad I received some benefit after four.
I closed my eyes and listen to her like she is doing the therapy to me. I’ve bust into tears at the middle and at the end. It was powerful. Thank you.
funciona? como te sentiste? does it work?? how did you feel?
you aren't supposed to do this at home.
@@suddenimpulse030why?
@@pipinovelo1505not sure if it worked. Just felt very emotional.
This hit home. Very interesting and brings a lot of hope.
c
Some of the comments here are really disgusting and judgmental. Who the heck are you to determine what is traumatic for her in comparison to you? Smh.
Allison Blackwood ....Agreed! She almost died!!! If that isn't traumatizing, I don't know what is! Everyone has real trauma at varying levels, yet it doesn't make it less traumatic to the individual.
isnt that doing reverse psychology.. oh that is not painful...
Allison Blackwood absolutely
@@rosemarykelley4201 no its invalidating another persons experience because they lack the ability to put themselves in another humans shoes.
I have no doubt she (the patient) and the practitioner elected to do a "lesser" trauma but one that impacts her in a significant way for the benefit of the session and so as to not trigger anyone else in the audience. It is a shame that viewers on here would opt to minimize (invalidate) her trauma but it is truly only a reflection of their own trauma/limitation. People who do this reflexively are mimicking their own abusers' invalidation (while privileging their own trauma and isolating themselves further) - which has become a central feature of "trolling". The "trick" is to feel compassion for those who show none!
Woah! Just came across this video as EMDR was suggested by my mental health clinician a few yrs ago but I was too scared to do it.
This was POWERFUL!! I found myself holding my breath for her and then slowly letting it go. Wow!
Don’t worry. It will either help or not but it won’t hurt you. Experience
Thank you very much Jamie for this video, I am a CBT and psychodynamic clinician and EMDR trainee..I was a bit confused about the process but you made it very easy ❤
Thank you very much, I am a psychotherapy trainee and we watched parts of your demo during class. Very helpful for me to connect the theory to practice.
This is very helpful. I just took the EMDR basic class but was left with a lot of questions about how the end of phase 4 onwards go in practice, and this clarifies a lot 😊
That woman was really brave!
So brave!!!! I agree! ❤
What part of 'role playing' don't you understand...
@@magina23 i don't believe this is role playing. In EMDR they usually do not role play even in trainings.
I am a therapist and when we where training in EMDR we had to use real $h!+ from our own past. I have never seen an EMDR role play.
Why she is brave,? I don't understand
My best help was with headphones and a speed regulated lightbar. Worked like magic-truly. Sadly I had to move several times and never found an EMDR therapist who could help me. Not all “trained “ seem to really know what they are doing.
I wouldn't dare to arm wrestle you Dr. Marich. Thank you for this video, it has been a very interesting watch.
Fat Bastard i
Fat Bastard lol
Excellent outcome, brave client.
absoltly amazong, I did the same thing she was doing with a little trauma I have and at the end I cried of relief! this absoltuyl amazing!!!! what the heckk...how can this even be so ''easy'' :O thank you!
Brilliant, thanks. And thanks to your 'client' too - a very brave effort.
This is perfect. I'm just beginning to use EMDR, in the time between training 1 and 2, and needed to see again a good demonstration. This is very helpful, Jamie! Thank you.
I'm also between training 1 and 2. Good luck with the process!
I have my 2nd training on EMDR next weekend & then, the third training 3 weeks later. Then, onto the consultation so that I can get certified. Did you do the certification?
I was refreshing my memory after a year of maternity leave and remembered most aspects of how to do EMDR in practice so thank you ... However, a little less ads would be great... It was literally every 5 minutes
Thank you for sharing your work. Funny enough, when I took my training I did my "easy" trauma on a water incident. Turns out it wasn't so easy, but I was able to clear some of my stuff and get a lot calmer in the water. I use EMDR almost daily in my practice. I have see remarkable results; sometimes subtle and other times (like in your example), huge shifts happen quickly. I learned a lot from your example and look forward to incorporating some of it. As an aside, it was too much wear and tear on my shoulder so I bought the thera-tappers. They work great! I used the ones with the headset as well but I found it way too distracting. I just love EMDR! And for those people who don't believe it, or discount it because their traumas are more complex, give it a shot. It may not fix all of your issues, but it can certainly give you relief and help you lead a happier life.
Te lo haces a ti mismo ? Yo si lo estoy haciendo sola , no tengo dinero para psicoterapia😊
thank you so much Jaime... you both were really great. I have no way of doing EMDR in my country so I am learning how to process it on my own with youtube videos. So far some decent progress. Don't worry about me though, I don't have severe trauma, just some anxieties and fears and bad habits due to poor internal beliefs about myself that were developed in my adolescence.
Ace How are doing?
Ace, where are you from? In my country i get the opportunity to study EMDR on NLP masterclass.
try EFT aka the tapping method. It can be done very easily on your own..and isnt quite the extreme brain reprogramming that EMDR is. There are many studies on it being super effective.
Learning more about this treatment as I finish my masters. Thank you!
My personal experience is that EMDR works, but it is way less complicated as shown here. But usually EMDR therapists aks 100 bucks an hour so it has to look complex. For me it was just thinking about the incident where i felt powerless, and looking at a moving dot to override my brain, and the picture became less powerfull and didn't came back bothering me. You can actually do this yourself at home, with a moving dot vid on youtube.
you aren't supposed to do this at home for a variety of reasons. stop giving bad medical advice.
❤
I totally agree with you
Great insight. Thank you all for your work
I was drug by my cousin under water when I was about 8 and still to this day I can't stand having my ankles touched by other people. I react aggressively and panic. My whole life was a series of abuse by multiple people and I'm about to start EMDR treatment because my therapist thinks it will help me process all of my traumas.
Unfortunately, we get traumatized and unless we get help we continue to be victims.
I hope it is going very well for you with your EMDR treatment.
@bonnie valker how did it go?
Very nice as a refresher. I have watched you before. Thank you.
Just started EMDR, this was great :) had one session and anxious but gonna keep going :)
How'd it work out?
I saw your Ted Talk! It was amazing!!!
Thank you for the demonstration, Jamie!
Just heard of this my first therapy session was yesterday and I’m nervous and excited about getting this done I have had this big weight on my shoulder for to long now it is finally time I take control!!#Wish me luck everyone thanks in advance 😎
redpooh5 good luck!!!
Lizette Vergara thank you I appreciate that!!👌🏽
Hi! as a Clinical psychologist it helped me a lot, Thank you
Take care & stay safe
Fascinating. There is a lot going on here which is liable to work with trauma outside of any of the actual bilateral stuff i.e. bringing attention to the emotional and physical sensations in a way which isn't far removed from Eugene Gendlin's 'focusing' therapy..
Thanks for this very useful demonstration of EMDR
I’m a hiker, fairly fast-paced, always have positive thoughts after 4-5 miles in nature. It’s rough terrain, so lots of eye movement as I go.
thank you so so much for vidoes like these. more therapy sessions please. God bless you. i subscribed.
Amazing work. Extremely brave of her to do this in front of everyone. I'm experiencing extreme terror just thinking of doing this with my therapist!
Same!
I was a skeptic and it has worked for me for stopping my binge eating in just 2 session. My therapist used headphones and beeps and the first session was just taking my information and history...unbelievable!!
So this does not only help for ptsd or trauma? How did it help you to stop binge eating?
@@meganbowerman2750 I had been meaning to update this comment. I stopped binge eating for a about a week after the session and fell back into my old habits again soon after that. I found the sessions helped explain why I have my issues but as for clearing them unfortunately long term not so much.
Treatment planning and history taking can take 2 sessions so that is normal.
Is it still working for you to this day?I am nervous for my appointment...
@j fornow. How are you doing now? Did you stop EMDR ? Did it helped anymore?
Thanks, really insightful (2nd year psychiatric nursing student).
really great work, both of you. I'm very happy you made this, thank you!
Thank you so much for demonstration.
I would love to see you apply all these phases with art , sand tray, and Somatic approaches.
Excellent demonstration of EMDR
Babita Spinelli, LP as in one time ? Of course not .
Thank you very much. This is a tvery helpful resource and a great reminder for me
Really helpful. Many many thanks
Thanks to Madame for very detailed information about EMDR Therapy.. Best wishes... ❤
This actually worked for me just watching the video. Amazing.
lol not possible
Right?! I felt so odd watching this ...super relaxed and like I was releasing things of my own ...woah.
I’ve been in EMDR for over a year now (at least once a week). It’s not a quick help,but for me, it has helped. Mixed with cannabis (I was prescribed it) it can help even more.
I have recently decided to do this son that I don't have to use cannabis or any other natural medicine.I have drank Ayahuasca 13 times,microdosed with mushrooms....I am sick of having to put anything in my mouth to help with my anxiety/depression.
I want to walk the line 100% without taking psychedelics or meds.
Great job! Useful video. Thank you.
Awesome post! Thank you.
That was really something. Thanks.
By 31:05 I was in tears just listening to this as I am about to face it tomorrow. Please wish me luck that this can work for me .
How did it go any luck?
I hope the best for you in this journey. Sending lots of love & good intentions ✨
that's good, I am EMDR practioner in Cambodia.
Does this work for depressed people?
Excellent demo!
All in this video is excellent.
I love the ocean without fear, when I'm awake, but it's still a symbol of something deep and unknowable and irresistible (not in the positive way). I often have dreams where I'm in some habitat on stilts in the middle of a vast ocean with HUGE waves, (rather like the place in Star Wars where the Fetts help create the clone army ("this is not the trauma you're looking for")) It's thrilling and somehow tragic
I started doing this on myself as an experiment and realizing EMDR could be really helpful for me.
How’s it working for you now. Erika??
This seems good. There is a "hypnosis" technique that doesnt require any induction into hypno where you strongly anchor the negative state, then strongly anchor a powerful positive state that they tell you would help them in the negative state. Then you fire both anchors simultaneously. It seems very effective and probably a lot faster.
This therapy, in my experience with a light bar, worked almost miraculously.
greeneyeddg a light bar? Please explain thanks
pinkformarie it’s a bar with lights that flash from side to side for the bilateral stimulation.
Do you think a metronome could work as well?
@@ALCRAN2010 I had one therapist use headphones on me and it didn't seem to work at all. So, if it's the sound you're asking about, no. Also, I think a metronome goes too fast visually. A long light bar worked best for me.
I will be beginning this therapy with a new therapist soon, I hope that it can help me get back to work.
How did emdr work out for you?
Thank you... this video is amazing and very helpful.
I'm currently learning EMDR in my trauma class with Edinboro University MSW program.
Does it work for Gang Trauma, Murders, Sexual abuse, Violence and alcohol, OH there's so much more. ....
@@theresamischeski71 I would assume so! trauma is trauma is trauma.
This was amazing!!!
Thank you for sharing the video.
Absolutely, amazing!
I been doing group, med therapy and standard therapy
getting this done soon can't wait had a traumatic bullying past
How did your edmr session go, do you feel it helped you recover?
Updateeee us girl 🙌🏾
Sometimes the history taking can take many sessions. However, if we are fortunate, we can do a single incident and preparation in two sessions before starting phase 3.