How a Rocket Works/Earth to Space Eg SpaceX Falcon 9 and Dragon
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- Опубліковано 28 лип 2024
- How a rocket or rocket engine works to go from the surface of the Earth to Space. The example used is SpaceX's Falcon 9 both with their Dragon capsule to go to the International Space Station (ISS) and with Astrobotic Technology's Griffin lander and Red Rover rover to the moon. As well, a simple single stage rocket is used to explain some simple concepts.
Newton's 1st and 3rd laws, just two of Newton's three laws of motion, are explained along with how they work with gravity to allow rockets to fly and to orbit. What orbiting is is also explained. Solid fuel rockets, liquid fuel rockets and hybrid fuel rockets are also covered. And lastly, how multiple stages are used to get to space, SpaceX's 2 stage rocket with the Falcon 9 as the first stage being used as the example.
For info about current events and the near future of human space travel, visit:
rimstar.org/space
NOTE: Any comments saying that rockets don't work in space or a vacuum will be deleted and possibly the commenter will be banned with the assumption that the commenter is trolling.
3D computer generated animation done using Blender 2.59.
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Whenever I think of orbiting as always falling I can't help but think of that Douglas Adams' quote "Flying is learning how to throw yourself at the ground and miss." I guess orbiting is the same thing. :)
I'm glad you liked the video. Thanks.
Excellent explanation. Came here after Elon's Interview where he explained forward speed and gravitational pull. Thank you!
Thanks! They're a lot of fun to make. Greetings back from a ball's throw over the horizon in Canada!
In addition to my previous reply, I just learned that SpaceX's Falcon 2nd stage has an additional small rocket nozzle for roll control.
Thanks! Next time I'll need to make more 3D models and will likely need to master new effects. Oh well, that's whats needed when you push the envelope. The result's worth it though.
Ah, thanks for clarifying. The "cap" on a rocket is the fuel that is ignited and flies out the back. It actually tries to move equally in every direction inside the rocket but there's only one hole, out the back. So the uneven forces result in propulsion, as you say, newton's 3rd law.
Thanks. Finding a way to explain it simply enough was the tricky part.
The precision required to send humans to the Moon is just staggering, just think about it, a couple of miles per hour off and you're just going to miss it. And the bravery involved, oh... What a great achievement for humanity!
Diyan Boyanof They were very good actors.. And we've never been to the moon.. It's a contradiction of physics.. its the old alli barbar levitation trick that goes back to Babylon.. If you grab your self by the hair and pull why don't you have motion?? Because there is no opposite reaction that is why.. The rocket is exactly the same,, nothing in a vacuum can react because there is nothing there.. So you will not have motion.
Conservation of linear momentum. If you grab yourself by the hair there is ALWAYS reaction forces. If you pull up on your hair, your hair follicle pulls down an equal amount. You don't move up, because all of the Newtons of force upward are cancelled out by Newtons of force downwards.
If you're ice skating and push your partner forward, YOU GO BACKWARDS ALSO, you don't need air to move.
Josh Garber Exactly,, if you push someone when ice skating you both move right?? As you just said,, so the pushing was the action and you and the one you pushed were the reactions,, one 1 way and the other the oppersite way... What's the opposite reaction to the rocket? the explosion is the action and the rocket is 1 reaction but where is the opposite reaction.. Hey if you didn't need it Newton wouldn't have mentioned it would he! Now try ice skating and push nothing and see if you move forward!! This is exactly like a rocket in space,, push as much as you like nothing will happen..
the rocket is pushing the exhaust!!! mass goes backwards, mass goes forwards!!
If you are holding heavy textbooks while skating and throw them backwards you will go forwards! The rockets are literally throwing tons of material backwards at ultra high velocities. You don't need another person. you just need to throw your clothes, or throw anything.
The explosion is the action and it pushes on the rocket and the rocket pushes on it - thats why there's massive streams of fire behind rockets - they're throwing material backwards at high velocities, while throwing, there is a reaction force pushing the rocket upwards
Rockets work in space because of action and reaction. Mass in the form of exhaust gas is forced out the nozzle and allows the rocket to move forward.
The law of conservation of momentum means that if you have gases with a negative momentum, the rocket must have an equivalent positive momentum so that total momentum with the center of mass as the reference frame is zero.
Therefore, rockets will indeed work in space, and will actually produce greater force than within the atmosphere.
Thanks. Getting the orbiting explanation clear took a lot of thought and a few versions. Glad to hear it works.
LOL! You're right! I hadn't thought of that before! Right down to the use of brass, copper and the mechanical aspect.
Yes, absolutely. That's why I said in the lower atmosphere some fuel still burns outside where there's oxygen. I guess lower atmosphere might not sound like the launch pad too but I meant it in my mind :).
Wow.. one of the best explanations ever for such a complicated topic. Thank you.
Great video! 10 minutes of information packed in 5! : )
Best comment among youtube comments...
You're welcome! I'm glad it was clear. Thanks for letting me know.
Cool! Glad I could clear it up for you. Thanks for letting me know.
Thanks. And thanks for the feedback.
thank you for uploading all those great video
Glad you like my vids. And welcome. Hopefully I can keep coming up with more cool ones.
Glad you liked it. What a great idea for a video! But for now, they used the rocket in the top part of the lunar lander to ascend from the moon's surface to the moon's orbit. There they transferred to the waiting command module (part of the spaceship they used to get to the moon.) They used that to return to Earth orbit. Then used part of that, the capsule, to slow down by pushing against the Earth's thick atmosphere. And finally parachutes to splashdown in the ocean.
Thanks! And thanks for letting me know.
I very much appreciated this concise and comprehensive explanation after watching the launch today. Thank you!
Excellent explanation,thank you
The launch pad is the place the rocket is located when it takes off from the ground; the place with the fireproofed support structures you mentioned.
Most of the fuel burns inside the combustion chamber, some outside.
I don't have any other rocket videos yet. I have plans to do more, but my todo list is long. I'm hoping sometime during the first few months of 2013.
You're welcome! Glad you liked it. Welcome to my channel.
I'm pretty sure in the case of the grasshopper, the rocket nozzle (the cone at the bottom) is on a gimbal. That means it can be pointed in different directions. I'm less sure if they also vary the thrust.
You're welcome. I'm glad you liked it. And thanks for watching.
Thank you so much good sir. Im preparing a project and presentation about space x and I wasnt aware what those two stages were. Thanks!
Thanks for the video. Well explained and to the point. A definite thumbs up!! 👍
Thanks that made a lot of sense and was easy to understand. I always wondered how it worked.
Great video man!!
Then please clarify your question. I must have misunderstood it. Or did I really answer it perfectly?
thanks very much rimstrag
What a great instructional video, congrats to you
I really love your videos! Never stop making this awesome and educational videos, please! Greetings from Spain!
Thanks for the reply..
Your videos are really interesting.
Great video let me watch again ..
Fantastic. More vids about SpaceX please!
Great video, very well done RimStarOrg! Keep up the informational videos...loved the graphics too...hard work pays off! Next time it might not take as long, now that you are into the swing of things. Liked :)
Different rockets have different numbers of stages depending on their purpose. SpaceX's Falcon 9 has 3 stages. The 1st gets it off the ground but doesn't get to orbital velocity. The 2nd gets to orbital velocity. The 3rd is the Dragon capsule and its trunk for carrying extra cargo. For a rocket sending a satellite to geosynchronous orbit, the 3rd stage is another rocket for sending the satellite (4th stage) to GEO.
amazing presentation! thumbs up dud......subscribed for your work.
Thanks Rim...that was very educational....ur subscribed!!
Thx very clearly explained
Great explanation.. Thank you..
Ah, so that's what he meant by "cap"! Sure, if the tanks were just big containers with open holes in one end but they're not. There are valves and pumps that prevent that. The release of fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber is very controlled.
Funny how I couldn't figure out what he meant by "cap". I guess it's so far from being an issue that I couldn't see his meaning. Maybe if he hadn't started by referring to my spring rocket's reaction mass as a "cap" then I would have understood.
I loved the way of explaining with illustration,Great job 👍
Thanks!
They're working on it. Search "grasshopper spacex" for their progress on making the 1st and 2nd stage Falcon rockets land. As for the Dragon, yes, that's been their plan all along, though they haven't done it yet.
Thanks!
I've looked a bunch of videos of the kerbal space program and it looks like a lot of fun, not goofy at all!
i mean to correct the course and stabilize it. such a rocket science. thx for the answer.
Awesome video!
very good video, orbiting finally 'clicked' in my head.
Thank you for posting this video. It was very accessible and informative.
Very well explained
very good video thank you
Great video, informative and short. The perfect video to show my family 😂😂
You can in the case of liquid fuel rockets and hybrid rockets but not solid fuel rockets. See the video starting at 1:17.
WOW.THANK YOU.MERRY CHRISTMAS!
You're welcome! And Merry Christmas to you too!
Drops 1st stage into ocean? Laughs in 2017 (-:
Yeah, darn SpaceX! :) I guess it's at the point where I'll have to update it.
Why where do they drop it now?
@@xxCrimsonSpiritxx
😅
Search UA-cam..
Falcon 1 stage landing..
xxCrimsonSpiritxx they land it BOI
shubham sarkar falcon 9 stage landing
very nice explanation
Which stuff do you mean? Rockets?
The first and second stages are able to tilt the rocket nozzles themselves.
good explanation for rocket thanks and proceed to other detail in rocket
Separation methods vary. On some rockets there are bolts that explode to break them apart. On SpaceX's rocket they use pneumatics, basically a means of physically pushing the rockets apart which is more reliable than explosive bolts.
Could you please explain mechanism of separation of booster and stage separation
Man, you are awesome.
Great video
Awsome video..
the spacex's grasshoper. what is the propellant type? how it can go back landed safely on earth?
It would help.
I'm being very nice and trying hard to understand and answer your questions. Please be polite. I tried a few approaches to your first question since I wasn't sure what you were asking. If you don't believe rockets fly in space then there's little I can say to help you.
Pushing on yourself is not the same as exploding fuel inside a combustion chamber and letting the fuel fly out in one direction only. I didn't show that part in my video. How a rocket engine works is on my todo list.
great video
Awesome video!!! Paul Dattner sent me here to check our your videos :) I'm glad he did!!
abrief1 I'm glad you like it! Welcome! Make sure to thank Paul by clicking on the Like/Favorite button on whatever social media he posted my video from.
+RimstarOrg thx for responding :) . I liked the button on Paul's FB :) He's my Uncle :)
Thank you very much, I will use it in class. I just wish you had mentioned the 2nd law, That every time a stage drops the rocket accelerates but I appreciate your work, well done thanks.
good explanation
It does sounds like fun. Maybe I will. Just went to their website and I see what you mean. They have a video named "Recovered Munar Footage"! :D
I don't know what the metal is. Some nozzles are designed to slowly wear away (get thinner) during the flight but they last long enough. This is also called ablating. Many other nozzles have tubes around them. The cold propellant runs through these tubes before being burned. While it is running through the tubes, it keeps the nozzles cool.
I need a diagram to explain it and unfortunately it'll be a while before I can do a video about it. See this video watch?v=C-EIIFHaXkY
or search youtube for "How a rocket works" and look at the video "How to work rockets.wmv". See 0:33 into the video to see the unbalanced forces on the combustion chamber that produce thrust.
And spacecraft do course corrections far from Earth using rockets, ion thrusters on long distance craft also run far from Earth, and command modules returned from the moon.
The grasshopper uses RP-1, a highly refined kerosene fuel, and liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer. I'm not sure what you're asking by how it can go back landed safely on Earth. It has landing legs.
Nice idea thanks
im wondering if once you ignight the fuel can you turn the igniter off?
excellent work! though i already knew most of it i found this trying to find out how solid fuel boosters work. and boy i did;) the depiction of the iss is a bit unscaly though and might throw a false image
Well, I couldn't say everything in the video :). But the latitude difference is a good point. Too bad our state of technology is such that something like that is an important factor.
Holy shit this is 8 years ago, nice job man
i want to know the 4 stages of rocket vehicle & how propolents will separate from first to 4 stage
Good question. Bigelow has an agreement with SpaceX to use their Falcon 9 rocket, the one in this video, for sending crew and customers to and from their space stations. At first it seemed SpaceX would handle only Bigelow's non-US customers but newer news makes it unclear if they'll be serving US customers too. As for what will be used to send Bigelow's space station itself, I've only ever seen a video of the Atlas V or Delta IV (not sure which) being used. Too soon to say probably.
I like your videos
Outstanding video. You summarized something difficult for my students to understand in 5 minutes!
Ok you said that to go to the moon, a faster than orbit launch is needed, but an article i read about apollo mission, mentioned some braking orbit action, this is what I'm trying to understand, how was this push possible, how was control even made possible when moonlanding, if there is no steering, how can they talk about braking moon's orbit? And how was velocity manipulation achieved to land(if the moon is land) the craft? There is no air, so that means no fan, nor jet should work, right?
I assume the braking orbit action you're saying you read about was breaking near the moon to orbit the moon? If so, I don't understand your question. They used rockets to brake and to steer.
RimstarOrg oh they did? Well i think that aswers part of my questions. Was it liquid fuel that they used in space or what? Here's what i really want to know. How should the absence of air and oxygen in the vacuum affect the outcome of rockets in comparison to an aired environment like earth? Is it even possible to create fire in a vacuum?
They used liquid fuels. Burning the fuel does require oxygen, so they carry it along. That's why you read of rockets carrying liquid oxygen or other oxidizers (molecules containing oxygen.) Search for the word "fuel" on the following pages:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Command/Service_Module
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module
The last two above talk about the use of nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as the oxidizer:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide
On the Lunar Module page above (the lander) they say that for the RCS, DPS, APS (Reaction, Descent and Ascent Propulsion Systems) all used Aerozine 50 fuel / nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer.
Even when launching from the surface of the Earth they're using the liquid oxygen from their tanks.
RimstarOrg ok thanks for the info
Alvaro Hernandez,youre right, no fans, no jets BUT, rockets don't need air to work, they use combustion
+RimstarOrg Thanks for the explanation. What is the solid fuel used by spacex or nasa?
+Fernando Romera SpaceX uses only liquid fueled rockets. You can see what the space shuttle used for it's two solid rocket boosters here (too long to list) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster#Propellant. The Atlas V rocket is a Lockheed Martin-Boeing rocket that NASA sometimes uses and it sometimes uses strap-on boosters for added thrust and you can see what it uses here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJ-60A.
3:21 good throw you got right there. Does it hit any bird or reach to the moon?
(... continued)
If you're okay with small payloads then interplanetary spacecraft have already done it using ion thruster engines.
If you want human travel then use the same trick but with more energy. That's where nuclear power running the VASIMIR electro-magnetic thruster will hopefully work out.
Thanks for explaining. I think I know what I wanna go to college for...
spacex doesn't care about collage degrees
Nothing is needed to react against except the fuel reacting with the rocket. In fact, the better the vacuum the better it works since there's less to slow you down. See 0:24 in the video.
If running out of fuel is what you're worried about, you're right. A partial solution is this... You can either throw out a lot of fuel at a time or you can throw out less fuel at a higher velocity. That way your fuel will last longer and you'll accelerate just as fast.
(continued...)
This video was actually very good 🐱
great !!!
you should try a demo, demo have enough item just to messing around orbit and go to the mun (name of moon in KSP)
also, exploding stuff everywhere.
what keeps the liquid fuel burning?
And it is possible to achieve very high speed by continuous propulsion in space... but the problem get getting the continuous propulsion. The material that gets expelled from the rocket during the explosion will eventually run out. Ion rockets, which don't use an explosion, but still expel matter can run for a longer time but don't create as strong a force and take a while to get up to speed. I'm working on a a water bottle rocket video this week that goes into the science a little more.
Liked and subscribed. XD
Question:
How come we don't just add a rocket to a spacecraft/voyager to increase it's speed after it reaches orbital escape velocity? In other words, why does the Voyager only go 35K miles per hour, when giving it a bigger push, say a burn of to reach 1,000,000 mph? thereby reaching for example the Bowline of the Sun's radiation sphere much faster than 30 years? Or visit the gas planets much faster? Or is it that the spacecraft would miss the orbital gravity of the target planets ? Excellent
A rocket doesn't push against the air to move. So yes, rockets work fine in space. Satellites adjust their location this way, Mars rockets make course corrections, ... Create an explosion in a closed container and the pressure on the container is equal in all directions. Make a hole in one end and the pressure is no longer present an that end, so the rocket goes in the other direction. Stop the rocket by turning it around and doing the same in the other direction.