The Other Explosion You Should Know About
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- Опубліковано 4 бер 2018
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Fossils found around the world suggest that multi-cellular life was not only present before the Cambrian Explosion, it was much more elaborate and diverse than anyone thought. This is the story of the sudden burst of diversity that marked the dawn of truly complex life on our planet.
Thanks to Franz Anthony and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of Franz's work here: 252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: spinops.blogspot.com/
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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References:
www.stratigraphy.org/gssp/edia...
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/...
advances.sciencemag.org/conten...
burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/sci...
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/...
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708336105
science.sciencemag.org/content...
science.sciencemag.org/content...
www.pnas.org/content/111/36/13...
rspb.royalsocietypublishing.or...
www.pnas.org/content/97/13/694... - Наука та технологія
I’ve always wondered if there was a more ancient tree of life totally separate from our own...fractal plant-animals and trilateral creatures. This video just made my life. Thank you!
It's not really totally separate - they're still probably within Animalia, even rangeomorphs (despite what this video implies 2 minutes in) and some even within phyla we have today :)
@@konstantinopoulos33 unfortunate if true
You've always wondered this? Did you contemplate life on earth as a toddler?
@@sarcastaballI can’t tell if this is meant to have an aggressive tone or joking
@@sarcastaball yes
wow...trilateral symmetry!!! :D That's rad!
Shame how they treat it like its rare. Starfish are a thing.
trilateral symmetry=/= radial symmetry
I think that starfish are actually penta-symmetrical, but otherwise yes. Trilateral symmetry is not known from modern life.
starfish don't exclusively have 5 or multiples of 5 arms. pentalateral symmetry would be a new thing. it would imply that the organism is symmetrical about 5 axes, which a 5 armed starfish is not. starfish and many of their relatives exhibit radial symmetry because they are symmetrical about the center of their bodies
My bad, wiki confirms that starfish & relatives just _commonly_ have multiples of 5 arms.
My wife and I toured the fossil beds of Mistaken Point on the southeastern tip of the Avalon Penninsula in June of 2017. It was 7,000 miles of driving (round trip) from Illinois. If you are interested, you can fly into St. John's Newfoundland and then drive to the point of departure for the guided tour. Its a 3-4 hour drive to the Mistaken Point Ranger Station. Then about an hour drive in with the ranger (using your vehicle), and then about another hour hike to the fossil bed. But goodness, the long trip seems to make the fossils all the more exciting. You wear soft booties as you walk amongst the hundreds of fossils, all easily seen. Of course a sunny warm day in June was the best, and we were lucky. Try to time the weather as best you can if you go.
Thanks. We are planning to travel to the east coast next summer for other reasons. I will make sure we check this out. My wife is a geologist so it will be very easy to talk her into it.😊
We are Canadian so going to the "east coast" will put us close enough to do the deed. Thanks for mentioning that.
An hour drive in with the ranger? How much does that cost?
And the use of fossil fuels is part of the great dying we are living through, neat!
Oh! I'm from Canada, so the trip should be relatively nice since there's no border crossing. Good to know this is a place you can go! Been meaning to go out east for forever, whenthe works clears up again this is defintely on the list!
@@julianshepherd2038 🙄🥱😴
How about an episode on the development of individual organs? When did the heart become a thing? Which organs evolved first?
>Which organs evolved first?
Stomach and tentacles, lol.
True, I'm interested on how my dong came to be. JK
xD
Nicholas Wiltrout ...when it comes to creatures of some size...it looks like skin...mouth... Stomach.. Then anus...was the first big steps in organs...creatures like
'the Purple sock' sea creature and others demonstrate this...
@MICHAEL GOLD There are 2 types of digestive systems. First type is one opening, where there is only a gastrovascular cavity (one orifice). Basically the animal would grab food with it's tentacles, bring it to mouth (one opening), fragment the food with enzymes from specialized cells, eat the food through endodermic cells doing phagocytosis, use hydrolysis on the remaining big molecules left (waste), and eject the waste from it's one orifice (mouth). This is an example of the 1 opening digestive system with the hydra. The 2 opening digestive system with the anus came much later.
I'd like that, episodes about Spriginna, Kimberella, Dickinsonia, Wiwaxia (it's spiny), Yorgia (it's jelky-like, and has fossil records of physical movement, not similar to Kimberella), etc...
2:59 _"They had TRILATERAL Symmetry."_
SO Cooooool!
I had heard about the Ediacaran Fauna and Precambrian multi-cellular life from my geology undergrad classes (almost, but not quite finished a minor), but I had never heard of the Avalon explosion. Then you mentioned it got named in 2008 and it all made sense. I finished my undergrad in '04. While it's totally expected, it's so awesome that science just keeps marching forward.
I knew about ediacaran lifeforms, but not a single word about this Avalon Explosion. Thanks!
Gosh he is such a dad
Anon Hate Mail Ikr
A daddy ;p
Omg I thought I was the only one.. started watching this because he's SUCH a dad ugh do an episode about his life please
He thicc
yes nice D print
Loving the content PBS Eons is putting out, it's mind-blowing every time.
"except my nose is crooked" GREAT now i can never unsee it :c
It’s cute 😭
Yes! I was hoping you did something on the Ediacaran biota. I find it fascinating because its like a snapshot of a possible alternate history of macroscopic/multicellular life. If these things survived, or there was no Cambrian explosion, life could look completely and utterly different than it does today. Makes me think of how strange complex alien lifeforms almost certainly must be.
A new study finds out Dickinsonia is actually the very first metazooan known because scientists were able to identify a molecule (I think it was cholesterol) in a well preserved specimen. Cholesterol is only present on animals so this finding becomes Dickinsonia in the very first animal know until today. So apparently this fauna was very important to our evolution.
Great video by the way! Very helpful
I think it’s very appropriate that what could be one of the first animals that ever evolved was named after the man who discovered evolution!
We need to bring back fractal animals and trilateral symmetry. Why haven't our top men taken care of this yet?
What men?
James Neave Top. Men.
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Bot?
I've just sent out a team of my finest men on it, if they don't come back by sundown tomorrow we shall AVENGE THEIR DEATHS!!!!!!!!
Excellent. I was waiting for you to do something on this. There were likely many explosions of life that we wont know about because it was all single celled.
So. No graboids? I guess the tremors franchise lied to me.
Am I the only one expecting a different kind of explosion? ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Ben Jay
Illusion? It’s entirely real. I think you meant “misinterpretation.” Either way, I don’t agree. This video doesn’t have all of the evidence.
Graboids would only have evolved in an extremely competitive environment in which their prey was extremely mobile and their offspring were not guaranteed survival in the least. They would have been an invasive species in the Cretaceous, but they would starve in the pre-cambrian, because there would be no prey
Birds aren’t Real.
@Ben Jay do you have even a minute amount of evidence or expertise to back up that opinion, or is it just asserted nonsense? I already know the answer...
I'm Canadian and it's very interesting what they did when they were looking at the Avalon, actually. Because the fossils were found in shale banks on the edge of the Atlantic ocean and were slowly being eroded away, they actually covered whole patches of the Avalon Peninsula coast in thick sheets of rubber and then peeled them off to preserve the shapes of the fossils even after the originals eroded away. I think they're eventually planning on putting them on display here in Canada at some point, too.
The Avalon explosion, which was a new term to me, is an interesting example of - It's not supposed to be there, therefore we're not looking for it there, therefore it is not there. Which makes Reginald C. Sprigg pretty exceptional for realizing and accepting what he found. It also makes you wonder what else may be hiding in plain sight?
I'd never heard of the Avalon Explosion until I saw this! I love learning new things.
I'd wondered why I didn't remember the Ediacaran from what I learned as a kid, turns out the name is younger than I am.
This guy is certainly one of my most favorite show hosts I've heard, could listen to for hours. And this channel is helping me to learn the order of geological time periods, albeit slowly. xD
Pycnodonts! Weirdest fish group, big teeth, horns, spikes.... I haven't seen any videos at all on them and i think that viewers will be pleasantly surprised.
(Also the giant marine ground sloths, no I'm not kidding :D)
graphite : _Marine???_ Yes, that is a thing that needs an episode.
Jared Maddox Yup!
*Thalassocnus* Probably the weirdest barely known fossils out there. They need their time in the sun, and the recognition they so richly deserve!
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassocnus
I have never heard of Thalassocnus before! And hell yes they need an episode!
(As does Pycnodontiformes!)
Wow wonderful idea! That would be a real hit
I concur!
Could you please cover the evolution of blood
Turmunhk Ganba that would be interesting!
The evolution of blood is really really interesting (and has happened a few different times)
Turmunhk Ganba welp looks like they heard ya!
Are you a vampire?
Thank you so much for making a video of Pre-Cambrian life! It's one of the eras that is rarely talked about, and for good reason, since the findings and theories are all so relatively new, when it comes to paleontology. Despite that, it, the Cambrian, and the Mesozoic, are probably what I love to hear more about, and new theories and ideas about them, and how they connect and how they began, are always things I love to learn about!
2:46 he says “Nothing today grows like this.”
Ummm, what about trees dendritic expressions or Romanesco cauliflower? These are only two out of a dozen fractal form of life I can think of which are living species today.
Hi Davida, thanks for bringing this up. Fractal patterns do indeed occur in nature, but the way in which rangeomorphs grew -- by taking one simple pattern and scaling it up repeatedly -- appears to be unique. It allowed them to stay very simple while also getting quite large.
So, to clarify what we mean about their growth pattern, a 2014 study that modeled rangeomorph morphologies reported "a fractal body plan characterized by self-similar, axial, apical, alternate branching."
The authors added that "their extraordinary branching morphology differs from all other organisms and has proved highly enigmatic."
Here's the paper: www.pnas.org/content/111/36/13122
Hope this helps! (BdeP and Rachel Fritts, writer for this episode)
Wow I've never seen a channel reply to a comment with such care. I don't understand the content as much as you guys but good on you!
hear hear thanks for the explanation
Instantly fan of this channel just because of the reply
i wonder why life doesn't grow like this anymore
This is ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING!!!
Jose Martinez +
Fractals?! Trilateral symmetry?! Gah, it’s blowing my mind and I love it!
PBS Eons Can you make a video on the weird branch of animals that are related to pigs, hippos, and whales: The Entelodonts?
Yes Entelodonts please I would love that
Good one!
Tyrannosaur Friday They do have a video about the time when whales walked
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KarthikfromReality{C1-35} Well have they talked about the Entelodonts?
Recommend everyone to watch David Attenborough's documentary First Life. It's great.
I've always wondered if life could have multiple symmetry. Cool.
Many things have other symmetries. Other than bilateral there are the radial symmetries that include trilateral (which more porperly triradial since it doesn't include reflection just rotation), pentaradial (seen in echinoderms), octoradial (the octocorals), hexaradial (the scleractinian corals) and others.
Monroe Harmon, this kind of a gray area. They evolved from bilateral ancestors and carry some heritage from that time. But for the most part, they are pentaradial.
You've "always wondered"... what, and you never once thought, "hey, I know... I'll just google it and find out"
Well the embryology for Echinoderms is weird they start with bilateral symmetry until they attach to a surface and begin to grow radially, with free living species detaching after this stage. From what I've read they think they secondarily adapted radial symmetry for a sessile mode of life until millions of years later most of them were pushed into more active lifestyles after the great dying.
There are also biradial in comb jellies and tetraradial in jellyfish.
Honestly it's so cool how much I can learn in less than 7 minutes on this channel
This section of evolution had always intigued me since I first heard about it via David Attenborough's voice in a documentary several years ago. I always wanted to know more but I didn't remember enough to figure it out myself, so thanks
Lewis Massie me too. I love this period and its so fascinating
@@duhduhvesta I'm astonished knowing about the Strelley Pool Chert, I wish I could llive in Australia and walk on those oldest crusts.
I thought the guy who found the fossil in Charnwood Forest WAS David Attenborough. He lived in Leicester which is close to Charnwood Forest.
I would be really interested to see an episode about the evolution of venom. How did venom evolve? How did bees and certain snakes and scorpions come to develop their own internal poisons?
Especially since it’s most likely that the ancient sea scorpions didn’t have venom.
I actually visited one of the dig sites in Australia last year and got to talk with one of the guys studying them, love these critters
This is already one of my favorite channels. You guys should do a video on the first ever organism.
Thanks so much for doing this video on the Ediacaran biota!
The Warped Board +
I would be really interested to learn more about sauropods. Not just the gigantic, record breaking ones, but also about the few species of dwarf sauropods, like Magyarosaurus.
This title is what I said to my roommates earlier except I didn’t follow it up with an educational video and now my kitchen is still burned down. Good video
I just have no words , it is just amazing
Loved the whole video thanks. A key part of history that rarely gets a mention.
Oh and thanks for showing the pictures of Bradgate Park I just loved seeing those rocks and Old John again even though it was just for a flash. I never really understood the real age or significance of those rocks, until now.
A particularly interesting episode. All we usually hear about is the Cambrian Explosion, it is a big surprise to find that there was at least one earlier one that was just as important.
This channel is honestly one of the most special 'educational' channels i've ever seen.
"Funny shape on a rock" best group of words ever
Yay! Finally a palaeontological episode about Australia. We need more episodes about my home. Because it's fascinating.
I'm astonished knowing about the Strelley Pool Chert, I wish I could llive in Australia and walk on those oldest cratons.
Hahaha, Blake making fun of his nose, he's always so awesome ^__^
This is my favorite Eons video. These lost fossils are my favorite part of paleontology. So unique that the earth we stand on seems like another world entirely.
Blows my mind that even in the couple decades since I graduated high school, they've defined a whole new geologic era.
Fascinating. I never even knew about this period. Really digging PBS Eons.
I want to learn more about anomylocaris, specifically the progression of fossil discoveries that led to the modern picture we currently have.
Thank you for another fantastic video. Could you please make a video explaining the transition from cold blooded life-forms to warm-blooded. Why, how and when did this transition occur?
my absolute favourite time period! you should do an episode on the issue of the 'Small shelly fossils'
I have always been fascinated by cephalopods. I would love to see a video about the rise of creatures like squids and octopi.
Can you do something about prehistoric ants or sharks? (Preferably ants) Thanks! Love the content!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I love how particularly with the study of Earth in ancient times you can go from one telling of history to a completely different one so quickly!
Wow. I had no clue about this.
It is now for me even easier to think that (complex) life on earth is much older than we assume, and that it must be also relatively common throughout the universe.
Idk his name, but I love the guy presenting.
Haootia always skipped leg day!
This is why I love this. Channel.
Exceptional work, this is truly a service and a gift for educators and learners. I can't quite believe it's a thing, I'm trying to find the catch!
This guy is incredible! Easy on the eyes and so knowledgeable 👍
The origin and evolution of insect flight please!!!!!!
2:40 Fractals are still found in nature, such as the pattern with which trees form branches. Many parts of of living organism show fractal structure, as well. odd symmetry can also be found in plants, usually following a prime number of divisions for whatever reason.
Please do a comparison of classical phylogeny and molecular phylogeny
beauty edicran... Great show, guys!
i'd like to know more about the cambrians Vetulicolia, a forgotten phillum
It's the Avalon Explosion *insert bill wurtz jingle*
Harry we need to get bill on this
@@duhduhvesta YAS PLZ
♥
Oh my god! ANOTHER EXPLOSION?! Thats insane
I absolutely love this channel!! So happy I found it.
Thank you so much for these incredible videos. There’s so much fascinating information! We’ll be using them for our homeschool prehistory lessons. I was wondering if you have a list of the videos in chronological subject order? I’ve been going through and ordering them in my playlist myself, but a list showing them that way would be really helpful.
All this only a few hours away from me and I never knew the true significance! I know where I'm headed for my next road trip! I'll be Mistaken Point bound! Thanks Eons!
This is amazing! I never knew about this, and I'm so glad you guys did a video on this. Thank you for teaching me something new!
yay a video about the Ediacaran, I kind of feel like making my own
these videos are SO great. How about a video on the 3 best theories for how single celled life began ?
Awesome! Tri-symmetry, another amazing thing to be lost in time. Super informative video!
As for what to talk about next, how about my favorite therepod; the Therizinosaurus. There's still tons of mystery behind it and I'd love to see a cover of the facts and theories on the creature!
Thank you PBS Eons, you guys rock!!
Thank you so much for covering this! The Ediacaran is so weird and interesting.
Hands down my favorite period! Great episode as always.
I think it would be really cool if you guys made a video about the how ornithischian dinosaurs ate and digested food. If that's too specific a video about herbivorous dinos would also be really awesome! Love the chanel
This is channel is brilliant! Please do a video on marine reptiles during the mesozoic!
Had no clue about any of this!! I love that feeling of being ignorant without knowing and then realizing you have so much to learn
I always loved that Sim Earth allowed Tribrachidum (known as Trichordate in the game) to have evolutionary history beyond the Ediacaran. It was super funny to imagine trilobular creatures living side to side with birds and monkeys and even developing civilizations.
I love this channel so much.
The Avalon Explosion, you get some of the best prog band names from science videos
Fractal Animals
It's neat how this new time period and explosion of life were named after the locations that their fossils were discovered in. Is this naming convention common to other events? It might be cool to do an episode about the etymology of various time periods/events/organisms and the stories behind why they were named that way.
I grew up in the Charnwood Forest, specifically Outwoods and Bluebell Woods, with some Bradgate Park (seen at 1:33, featuring the Old John tower) and Grace Dieu Forest (which lies at the back of my parents house) thrown in for good measure. Privileged to have climbed atop the pre-cambrian rock formations there.
I was about to suggest this, Litteralh I was just about to ask for this exact video!
Very nice video, keep it up!
First channel I ever subscribed to. Very enlightening.
Pretty cool-thanks.The more specimens we find the more we know. I’m very appreciative for your teaching and your show.👍
I love this channel!
I'm so happy i subscribed to this channel
me too! (BdeP)
I've seen each and everyone of your videos, and I must say the quality of the content is unbelievable. I hope you reach millions of subscribers one day because you absolutely deserve it. Keep up the good work!
The three worlds we can never truly understand, fill us with the most wonder, and we put our greatest minds to. The stars, the ocean, and the past
I would love to see something on entelodonts or "terror pigs". Absolutely my favourite group of fossil mammals.
Could you do a video about hair? Where'd it come from? Why'd it evolve in mammals and no other groups? When did it show up in the fossil record? What's the earliest mammal known with hair? Etc.
PBS Eons is some of the best content on UA-cam. Your videos are fantastic. If you are looking for requests, you guys could tell the story of the Zanclean Flood.
I think it would be interesting to see a video on Megaraptorans, among the most obscure and controversial theropods. Most people don't even know they exist.
God bless PBS Eons
TheExplorer Supernatural deities? Isn’t that a bit redundant?
dragozal Not really.
Maryama Conteh Well said!
Maryama Conteh maybe He already has, and you just didn't notice. I mean, how would you tell the difference?
AaaAammeennn
Nice. I didn't know about this
I loved this video, never seen one on the Ediacaran before. I think the organism that you showed at 2:14 is Swartpuntia, which is not a Rangeomorph, but a sister clade called Erniettomorphs
these videos are great. I didnt go to school for these subjects, but now I can learn about them in entertaining ways. These videos help bring science to the everyday person.
I wanna know about your leg day.
My nose is crooked too. Don't feel bad.
Jeeeeesus I majored in Geology and didn't know about this, whoops. To be fair, I focused on surface processes....
this is the most I've heard about Ediacran life in one place outside of the South Australian Museum, incredible, thank you! (we have like 2/3 of a floor dedicated to it and the rest is mostly opals. the only two major discoveries here 😂)
This is such an amazing story, and very well explained.