Intro to the Fundamental Group // Algebraic Topology with

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  • Опубліковано 1 жов 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 82

  • @DrTrefor
    @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +12

    Check out our second video on @TomRocksMaths's channel where he teaches me some Fluid Dynamics, it is some pretty awesome stuff. Great to do this pair of videos with you Tom! ►►►ua-cam.com/video/bpeCfwY4qa0/v-deo.html&ab_channel=TomRocksMaths

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому

      wait......he said it was part 1....

    • @TomRocksMaths
      @TomRocksMaths 3 роки тому +2

      This was such fun! Can you teach me more topology please? :)

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +2

      @@TomRocksMaths of course( he can)

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +3

      @Tomrocksmaths Omg yes please

  • @elltwo8393
    @elltwo8393 3 роки тому +36

    If you swap the words in algebraic topology, you get topological algebra, which is also a topic worth checking out! One of my favourite kinds of theorems in math are duality/representation theorems, and Pontryagin duality is one particularly cool example.

    • @theflaggeddragon9472
      @theflaggeddragon9472 2 роки тому +1

      Indeed Pontryagin duality gives, (S^1)^PD = Hom_{cts}(S^1,S^1) = Z, while in algebraic topology, pi_1(S^1) = [S^1,S^1] = Z where [X,Y] denotes homotopy classes of maps from X to Y. It's somehow the "same" formula!

    • @MCLooyverse
      @MCLooyverse 2 роки тому +1

      Is this a thing that mathematicians do a lot? Having the field "Xic Y" be distinct from the field "Yic X"? "Algebraic Geometry" is very different from "Geometric Algebra". Or is this just a thing with "Algebra"?

  • @Dr.Cassio_Esteves
    @Dr.Cassio_Esteves 3 роки тому +22

    I loved this lecture!
    I'm quite impressed that I was able to follow along with it knowing only a little bit of group theory.
    Sir you did a excellent job at presenting this topic.
    Sorry any mistakes, my english is a work in progress.

  • @farrukhsaif108
    @farrukhsaif108 3 роки тому +8

    Damn I am really here procrastinating studying by studying huh

  • @casualphysics840
    @casualphysics840 3 роки тому +15

    I’d be upset if tom doesn’t discuss the topology of rocks

  • @peacefulchildofjesus6484
    @peacefulchildofjesus6484 2 роки тому +9

    Thank you both of you so much. I was confused in Topology a lot. Now, my messy loops are untied. Bravo, brilliant !

  • @eulersfollower7140
    @eulersfollower7140 3 роки тому +9

    This is like a highly anticipated crossover 😎😎

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +2

      Math Avengers:D

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому

      @@DrTrefor mathevengers check that channel :)

  • @pseudolullus
    @pseudolullus Рік тому +3

    Not going to lie, it took me 2-3 watchings and some notebook action to actually understand it, but it was certainly worth it!

  • @TheTessatje123
    @TheTessatje123 Рік тому +2

    This is fun: its somewhere in between a question requiring user input (maybe youtube will develop that feature in the future) and a fixed presentation :-).

  • @chandankar5032
    @chandankar5032 3 роки тому +4

    After a ton of request finally prof will cover some snippets from his area of research. Feeling blessed.

  • @interest21stcentury74
    @interest21stcentury74 3 роки тому +4

    Hey dr!! Very Interesting!! Im thinking of getting a minor in mathematics and I still have Abstract Algebra, so I would like to ask you when you will do a course on that? Thank You so much, you never fail to impress us! And Im pleased to be an alumni of yours, you taught me Discrete Maths, Calculus and Differential Equations and Markov Chains and Graph Theory and now Game Theory

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +1

      That's cool! I do want to do a series on Abstract Algebra one of these days:D

  • @wargreymon2024
    @wargreymon2024 16 днів тому +1

    This is very good intro to algebraic topology!

  • @fatemekashkouie3662
    @fatemekashkouie3662 2 роки тому +3

    Thanks a lot for the vivid explanation 🙏

  • @HungDuong-dt3lg
    @HungDuong-dt3lg 3 роки тому +4

    Can’t wait, Dr. Trefor!

  • @aashsyed1277
    @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +4

    cool! me cant wait too!

  • @MikeLeed
    @MikeLeed 2 роки тому +3

    The audio is much better in this video, great work!

  • @DrWillWood
    @DrWillWood 3 роки тому +3

    That was really great! thanks so much to you both :-D

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +2

      Glad you enjoyed!

  • @michaelzumpano7318
    @michaelzumpano7318 2 роки тому +2

    Love that you and Tom hooked up on this. Great topic too. Both of you are great teachers.

  • @matejcataric2259
    @matejcataric2259 3 роки тому +3

    Topology is the best!

  • @orvarl-o2554
    @orvarl-o2554 2 роки тому +1

    If you include non capital letters there is also a two-point with i and j.

  • @jurrich
    @jurrich 2 роки тому +1

    Late to the party, but while capital letters only have three forms, "letters" (English ones at least =) have four: there's one circle, two circles, one point, but also two points (e.g. "i" or "j")

    • @writerightmathnation9481
      @writerightmathnation9481 2 роки тому

      This adds a level of topological complexity, in that these letters firm disconnected spaces.

  • @aryansaxena4978
    @aryansaxena4978 8 місяців тому

    31:00 so if I loop around twice in S^2 (north pole to south to north), it is the same loop as looping around once. But if I do that in S^1, these are different loops? Why in the living hell is that!

  • @AlessandroZir
    @AlessandroZir 2 роки тому +1

    very useful, insightful, & kind: thank you!! ❤️❤️

  • @interest21stcentury74
    @interest21stcentury74 3 роки тому +2

    Great Video Dr!! I would like to take abstract algebra maybe this spring or fall 2022, and I will self tutor myself first, so I would like to ask you if you will post anything related to that at the end of 2021 or in 2022. Thank You so much for your effort and god bless you.

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +1

      Cool! I do mean to do some abstract algebra at some point!

  • @broccoloodle
    @broccoloodle Рік тому

    In the proof at the end, I think it's not clear that f continuous implies that r f_t also a homotopy

  • @bockmancheung
    @bockmancheung 3 роки тому +3

    Worth binge watching!

  • @BlackPillHurts
    @BlackPillHurts Рік тому +1

    Great

  • @dimadima5298
    @dimadima5298 Рік тому +1

    But what we want to determine the fundamental group of line

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  Рік тому +1

      It’s just 0!

    • @dimadima5298
      @dimadima5298 Рік тому

      @@DrTrefor I understand that it's not necessary to the figure to be closed if we want to find it's fundamental group?

  • @sarkarsubhadipofficial
    @sarkarsubhadipofficial 3 роки тому +3

    ♥️♥️♥️♥️

  • @chandankar5032
    @chandankar5032 2 роки тому +1

    Ok, I feel like it's a dumb question. I guess we didn't prove the fixed point theorem on arbitary metric, or did we? If that's the case then why are we using only the fundamental group of S1, is it because ultimately metric gives a real output and the generalisation balls and spheres correspond to a real number.

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  2 роки тому +3

      Ya we have some work to do to understand something in arbitrary metric spaces, but the basic arguments ultimately will work out the same

  • @KaliFissure
    @KaliFissure 2 роки тому

    I love seeing functions as they exist. forms in the field of mathematics.
    Q? Surface(cos(u/2) cos(v/2), cos(u/2)sin(v/2),sin(u)/2) 0>u>4π 0>v>2π
    Klein or not? it requires 4pi to complete the surface (electron half spin) but the node is problematic. opinions? proofs?

  • @Spacexioms
    @Spacexioms 3 роки тому +2

    Awesome!

  • @ガアラ-h3h
    @ガアラ-h3h Рік тому

    20:09 multiplacruon can always be viewed as repeated adding like 1 * 200 = 200 = sigma k[0;200] k

  • @yonathan4194
    @yonathan4194 3 роки тому +1

    So if I get this right in the Proof of Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem you're saying that if every x is not equal to f(x), then there is a mapping from the disk to the s1 right? but I still don't understand where the contradiction is. Is it because the mapping changes the fundamental group?

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +1

      I’ve shown a way that every path on the circle can in fact be sent to the trivial loops through the composition of the two maps. But that is impossible as the fundamental group is Z

    • @yonathan4194
      @yonathan4194 3 роки тому

      ​@@DrTrefor In 1 dimension, the proof of Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem is easily proven by the Intermediate Value Theorem. Is there an analog of the Intermediate Value Theorem in a higher dimension? and thanks for the reply Dr. Bazett.

    • @writerightmathnation9481
      @writerightmathnation9481 2 роки тому +1

      @@yonathan4194
      I think what you may be looking for as a generalization of the intermediate value theorem is the fact that a continuous image of a connected set is connected. This is a theorem of topology.

  • @obscurus1344
    @obscurus1344 3 роки тому +1

    Why is pi1(S^2) = 0? You can loop in the opposite direction or stay put, wouldn't it be equal to Z also?

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +2

      Imagine you had a rope around the equator. You can sort of pull that rope up up up to towards the north pole making a smaller and smaller circle all the time. THat is the sense in which it collapses to that constant path at the north pole every time.

    • @sdsa007
      @sdsa007 2 роки тому

      @@DrTrefor if i loop the loop at the equator will it still collapse to the north pole? or do i get a unique construct?

    • @akrishna1729
      @akrishna1729 2 роки тому +1

      @@sdsa007 it can still be "slid", or continuously deformed into a trivial loop on the surface of the sphere

  • @camac7988
    @camac7988 3 роки тому +1

    Nice video guys 😍

  • @luih367
    @luih367 3 роки тому +2

    This is going to be epic 😎🤙

  • @TrinityTwo
    @TrinityTwo 3 роки тому +2

    Love the shirt, professor. Where can I buy it?

  • @jimmyt_1988
    @jimmyt_1988 3 роки тому +1

    Awesome! Loved it!

    • @DrTrefor
      @DrTrefor  3 роки тому +1

      Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @GastroenterologyPINNs
    @GastroenterologyPINNs 2 роки тому

    You 2 are my favorite

  • @Helalll294
    @Helalll294 3 роки тому

    قفلتوني من أم الفيديو

  • @mohamedababou3696
    @mohamedababou3696 3 роки тому

    True and scientific Mathematics is Mathematics devoid of the illusion of infinity...Mathematics is an exact sciences, not an abstract one.

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +1

      Go away. Comment on another channel. Don't spam. I just needed to reply cause how idiotic you were .

    • @writerightmathnation9481
      @writerightmathnation9481 2 роки тому

      I've been told by scientists that mathematica isn't science because it is not falsifiable. I prefer my mathematics to not be falsifiable...

    • @geraltofrivia9424
      @geraltofrivia9424 Рік тому

      Everyone here forgot how involuntarily funny you can be...

  • @mohamedababou3696
    @mohamedababou3696 3 роки тому

    The theories of correct Mathematical communication are represented in the presence of the sender, who is the Mathematics teacher, who believes that Numbers have an end, and the receiver, who is a Mathematics student who receives a Mathematics education free from the illusion of infinity.

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +2

      Numbers have NO END.......
      !!!!!
      INFINITY IS THE NUMBER OF NATURAL NUMBERS!!! THERE ARE INFINITELY MANY INFINITIES OF INFINITIES AND SO ON........;!!!!!!!! STOP IT U WHO KNOW NOTHING ABOUT MATHEMATICS!!!
      YOU CANT APPROXIMATE USING TAYLOR SERIES!!!! U KNOW NOTHING ABOUT MATHEMATICS AND WILL NEVER SUCCEED YOU BEAT THE JEWISH PEOPLE .......

  • @mohamedababou3696
    @mohamedababou3696 3 роки тому

    It is not possible to build a correct Mathematical educational framework without abandoning the illusion of infinity and its symbol.

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +1

      Get out of here . If u believe it then don't comment. Don't tell others. Tell yourself .

    • @geraltofrivia9424
      @geraltofrivia9424 Рік тому

      You're infinitely ridiculous.

    • @DavidSmerkous
      @DavidSmerkous 9 місяців тому

      Why do you say that? Do you take issue with Cantor's thm?

  • @mohamedababou3696
    @mohamedababou3696 3 роки тому

    The unwillingness to believe that Numbers have an end and and the denial ofillusion of infinity, cannot be a natural characteristic emanating from an ordinary human being... Rather, it is a condition that expresses the existence of either a deliberate desire to spread Mathematical ignorance or a psychiatric condition.

    • @aashsyed1277
      @aashsyed1277 3 роки тому +5

      Numbers don't have an end. Infinity is the number of integers there are.
      You don't even understand mathematics .

    • @writerightmathnation9481
      @writerightmathnation9481 2 роки тому +1

      Please, sir, what's the largest positive integer?

    • @geraltofrivia9424
      @geraltofrivia9424 Рік тому

      These comments of yours are the dumbest thing ever.

    • @DavidSmerkous
      @DavidSmerkous 9 місяців тому

      It's no denial of infinity. We can both argue it's existence but one is more probable and useful than the other. The concept of counting via integers alone is an abstract concept created by humans. For what is the number 1? We find it useful to describe some groups of objects. Math is always an approximation of our reality, not reality itself. As a mathematician you're living in an "illusion," and infinity is a useful/proper tool that helps describe spaces/thms in a useful and predictable way.