Renal | Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 25 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 442

  • @bcdeadly22
    @bcdeadly22 4 роки тому +171

    You are a better teacher than tenured physiology professors because you can actually explain complex concepts on a level that students can understand. Thank you so much

  • @fatimabekiroglu3214
    @fatimabekiroglu3214 3 роки тому +254

    My med school grades and understanding are directly correlated to this channel . Thank you ❤

  • @victorlam318
    @victorlam318 5 років тому +410

    Honestly i love Ninja nerd science more than Dr Najeeb's lectures because of the accent and the flow. Both are good but i just feel more engaged here. Love u Zach. And again, this channel is so so so so UNDERRATED!!!!

    • @justynedicaprio4819
      @justynedicaprio4819 5 років тому +9

      say what you want about Najeeb but got a tight ass though

    • @psychiatryassociates497
      @psychiatryassociates497 5 років тому +43

      That and Najeeb just takes way too long to go over one topic. He just did a topic that takes Najeeb literally 9 hours of lecture. I know Najeeb literally pounds it into your brains, but it gets to a point where you don't really need to know every single small detail for a 1st year medical school physiology exam.

    • @abdulazizbile2918
      @abdulazizbile2918 5 років тому +7

      ninja nerds is the best,reminds me of my late biology teacher ..., marehemu mr sanga

    • @dondamishitha468
      @dondamishitha468 4 роки тому +3

      I even feel the sme, ninja is the best 👍💯teacher 😃

    • @mmt1575
      @mmt1575 4 роки тому +36

      I have a feeling Zach used to watch dr. Najeeb

  • @andrewcanto5084
    @andrewcanto5084 4 роки тому +191

    GET THIS MAN A GOLD MEDAL!!! HE IS THE GOAT

    • @8v8i
      @8v8i 2 роки тому

      why not a diamond medal?

    • @iloveroronoazoro1316
      @iloveroronoazoro1316 2 роки тому +1

      @@8v8i inflation but he deserves everything in the world 😩

    • @8v8i
      @8v8i 2 роки тому +1

      @@iloveroronoazoro1316 do you study medicine ?

    • @iloveroronoazoro1316
      @iloveroronoazoro1316 2 роки тому

      @@8v8i yeah barely getting by

  • @ramatouliebarry1007
    @ramatouliebarry1007 Рік тому +43

    No words can express how grateful I am. Med school is much easier with you. Thank you!

  • @SuciRiyanti-l3n
    @SuciRiyanti-l3n 8 місяців тому +18

    I watch this in 2024. I am studying as a med student. You're video guiding me so much. God bless you Mr. Zach. ❤❤ I love you so much

  • @gillianschuurman
    @gillianschuurman 5 років тому +67

    This is the first time in 3 years that I completely understand this concept. You're amazing

    • @TKZHelix
      @TKZHelix 5 років тому +4

      nice that u understand the concept now

  • @adnanfaiz3875
    @adnanfaiz3875 5 років тому +40

    I used to spend hours and hours on Guyton b/c it's easy but time consuming also.You explain each and everything in a short time.Would that I had visited your channel earlier.Indeed,you are saviour of thousands of medicos ❤

  • @dimitra908
    @dimitra908 3 роки тому +33

    Suddenly chemistry and biochemistry is so beautiful .... I just want your brain..... Thank you very much!

  • @hmayat.3389
    @hmayat.3389 4 роки тому +93

    Hello! As much as I really, really want to contribute and support your channel financially however, I am still a student so I don't have any income yet. :( The least I can do for now is to never skip ads while watching your videos. You guys really helped me a lot! Thank you so much from the bottom of my heart!
    Yow guys, hope you won't skip ads while watching his lectures. It helps the team a lot in terms of income.

  • @niveditachandel94
    @niveditachandel94 4 роки тому +71

    sir, you're such a saviour! after studying from your lectures, the concepts in the book seem so easy!! God bless you!!!!

  • @brantleybond2042
    @brantleybond2042 6 років тому +17

    I cant focus or follow along during lecture as a med student. Come to Ninja Nerd and the video is over and ive been glued to the screen bc I understood it all and could now explain it to my classmates! Way better than my professors!

  • @alagangnanam1460
    @alagangnanam1460 5 років тому +151

    Binging all your videos like how I am binging Brooklyn 99

  • @brendamercer6898
    @brendamercer6898 4 роки тому

    I am a Certified Diabetes Educator and Clinical Nurse Specialist in Diabetes at a Regional Hospital in Fredericton NB Canada. I LOVE your videos and am now a Ninja Nerd Medicine follower!! FOREVER. LOVE your videos.

  • @MrKiapita
    @MrKiapita 3 місяці тому +2

    Tubular secretion is secretion *into* the tubule. Tubular reabsorption is absorption *from* the tubule. Thanks for clearing this up! My textbook was as clear as mud about this.

  • @salahadel9865
    @salahadel9865 4 роки тому +2

    Guys you will be the reason in creating new generation with great amount of real information that based on facts and studies not books or slides Thank you for making great studying methods

  • @nahidaasali2443
    @nahidaasali2443 2 роки тому +1

    I wonder how will I be able to understand physiology without this channel and this guy honestly

  • @user-nm9fk7cb4b
    @user-nm9fk7cb4b 2 роки тому +12

    10:12: “I’m not housing a pizza”
    One of my most favourite lecturers

  • @felixhuergo5380
    @felixhuergo5380 Рік тому +1

    OMFG . Watched it in 1,5. The exprience is similar as having mdma. Thanks for sharing your precise and clear knowledge

  • @saumyas4114
    @saumyas4114 2 роки тому +2

    This is the best video out there for Renal Physio. You guys need to get some kind of award for explaining the Renal system flawlessly!

  • @aimeeroberge4155
    @aimeeroberge4155 5 років тому +1

    wow i dont know why or how i havent seen this videos before. i am a nursing student currently taking A&P and these videos just saved my average. honestly i dont know why no one has shown me these. i like khan academy but they just go through it once and get too technical too fast, you teach at a slow rate and allow for full understanding. thank you!

  • @kratoseus309
    @kratoseus309 5 років тому +1

    You are the most popular man at my school right now. These videos are pure gold

  • @camerynjohnson4565
    @camerynjohnson4565 5 років тому +5

    I just want to say that these videos are the only reason I’m passing physiology. You are awesome.

  • @urmarenuka1325
    @urmarenuka1325 8 місяців тому +2

    Your are best teacher than my physiology professor iam every day feel physiology very tough 😢 now your vedios very nice I can understand everything 😊 physiology and biochemistry also thank you ninja nerd 🙏👍

  • @deboravilchez3987
    @deboravilchez3987 2 роки тому

    I can't explain what your work means to me, I just understand every single word you say, and I´m not nativ speaker, wow I´m amazed by your talent!

  • @rabiamaham473
    @rabiamaham473 2 роки тому

    You put too much efforts in your videos which makes these topics easier for us. Thanks a lot and God bless you.

  • @dr.sheyamfanar7245
    @dr.sheyamfanar7245 Рік тому +1

    You best than wikipedia , you the most brilliant presenter👏👏👏👏

  • @nournannou1943
    @nournannou1943 7 років тому +56

    Great videos as usual...please continue doing such thing cause it’s helping thousands of students like me...thank u so much

    • @NinjaNerdOfficial
      @NinjaNerdOfficial  7 років тому +25

      +nour nannou i'm so happy that we were able to help you and we hope to help more and more people!

    • @drholiday4147
      @drholiday4147 4 роки тому +1

      Ninja Nerd Lectures master science

    • @tibayounis9977
      @tibayounis9977 4 роки тому

      @@NinjaNerdOfficial thank u alot for this great lecture

    • @rahisha5732
      @rahisha5732 4 роки тому +1

      @@NinjaNerdOfficial bro can u please follow neet syllabus I love ur videos plzzz

  • @drlight7547
    @drlight7547 4 роки тому

    after tons of lectures..i swear no one did it as clear as you did
    wow
    may God blee you
    you are a life savior sir !
    ♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡

  • @yeleniarcia4187
    @yeleniarcia4187 7 місяців тому +1

    I just want to say thank you! I really need to see every process step by step to understand and thanks to you it’s been so much easier because my professors explain but I don’t understand any of this if I dont see how it works 😔
    I already watched the respiratory playlist and thanks to you I got to understand every word my professor was explaining, by the way I got 78.5 on my test, I hope to get that same grade on this test or event more, thanks again

  • @TakundaMindWaison
    @TakundaMindWaison 8 місяців тому +1

    Amazing stuff . He deserves a nobel prize

  • @markusama8420
    @markusama8420 2 роки тому

    You deserve Nobel prize for teaching ,Thanks Zach !
    Ninja neeerds ❤❤

  • @eldbjrgsr-reime6858
    @eldbjrgsr-reime6858 3 роки тому +5

    I love these videos! I am a vet student but still understand so much more about physiology because of you! Thank you!

  • @riyasarkar9462
    @riyasarkar9462 4 роки тому +1

    Best teacher ever.....i have never seen before...

  • @shams2327
    @shams2327 3 роки тому +3

    YOU ninga nerd CAN'T thank you enough ! Much love 🖤

  • @julietsmith
    @julietsmith Рік тому +4

    My summary:
    Osmolarity
    = volume of particles per kg solvent
    = moles/kg solvent
    = 300mosm/L
    Sodium Potassium Pump (Active transport)
    - 3 sodium out
    - Two Potassium in
    Moving into areas of high conc.
    Requires ATP
    Secondary Active Transport
    Transports Sodium from tubule into cell (into low conc. So passive) - this allows Glucose to also do the same thing even though it is moving to an area of high conc.
    This process can happen with sodium and amino acids/Lactate
    Tubular Secretion
    - Active process
    - Moving substances from blood to kidney tubule
    Ammonia
    - Glutamine is an amino acid found inside cell
    - Goes though Deamination and Acidification - results in 2 amine groups (NH3 + H+) which become ammonium and two bicarbs
    - Bicarbs enter blood stream through a transporter that brings chloride in
    - Body does this to compensate for acidosis
    Ammonium is secreted through a ATP transporter into lumen
    - Ammonium can disassociate into ammonia and protons
    H+
    Protons excreted out on lumen membrane via secondary active transport swapping with sodium that goes into the cell
    Drugs
    - Substances like drugs (penicillin, methotrexate, morphine etc.) or rganic bases (oxalate ions) or acids (uric acid or bile salts) cannot be filtered easily through the glomerulus
    - They are secreted into proximal convoluted tubule through active process
    Tubular Reabsorption
    - Active or passive
    - Moving substances from kidney tubule to blood
    What happens once this substances have entered the cell?
    - Specific transporters on the basal lateral membrane
    - Transport glucose/ amino acids/ lactate from cell into blood stream
    - Generally all of these substances that we filter are 100% reabsorbed
    Bicarb
    - Bicarb enters the cell
    - CO2 can move into our cells - combine and react with water --> H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
    - Enzyme that catalyses this step - carbonic anhydrase
    - Carbonic acid then disassociates into bicarbonate and protons
    - Sodium Hydrogen Antiporter
    ○ Sodium then moves through a specific channel whilst the proton moves into tubule
    - Proton then combines with proton to make carbonic acid
    - Reacts with enzyme carbonic anhydrase on lumen membrane
    § Converts to CO2 and water
    § They then leave the tubule
    - This bicarb also gets pushed into the blood stream (approx. 90%)
    Obligatory Water Reabsorption
    Water loves to move with sodium during secondary active transporters (obligatory water reabsorption)
    - Sodium 65%
    - Water 65%
    Paracellular Transport
    - Calcium, magnesium, potassium, Chloride move in between the cells through tight junctions
    - Potassium 55%
    - Chloride 50%
    Sodium Chloride Sim Porter
    - Transport protein allows
    - Moves sodium and chloride into cell and then into the blood
    - Chloride 50%
    Lipids
    - Pass through phospholipid bilayer and get straight into the blood stream
    - Urea (only small amount)
    Small Proteins
    - Insulin and haemoglobin - aren't generally filtered that much
    - Specific receptors on tubule lumen
    - Gets caught on receptor
    - Endocytose
    - Combine inside cell with lysosomes - break down the proteins into amino acids in a vesicle
    - Vesicle fuses with cell membrane - push amino acids into blood
    PTH Channel
    - Channel on luminal membrane wants to bring in sodium and phosphate ions into cell
    - On basal side of cell there is a receptor for PTH
    ○ Binds to receptor
    ○ G stimulator protein
    ○ Actives adenylate cyclase (converts ATP to cyclic AMP)
    ○ Cyclic AMP turns into protein kinase A
    - Protein kinase A then inhibits the sodium potassium transporter
    This causes phosphate to be excreted

    • @rameenkhanzada7141
      @rameenkhanzada7141 Рік тому

      i was looking for a summary
      thank you sm!

    • @rameenkhanzada7141
      @rameenkhanzada7141 Рік тому

      also a little correction osmolarity is no of solutes per litre and osmolality is no of solutes per kg

  • @godwindabere1677
    @godwindabere1677 Рік тому +1

    Thank you zach. I'm binge watching these renal videos for my quiz. It has shaved a lot of time off reading.

  • @collector4718
    @collector4718 2 роки тому +5

    Thank you so much zach .. you are helping me more than my med school proff can ever do . 😊.. keep going ..

  • @shahabahmed6991
    @shahabahmed6991 2 роки тому

    I am an Internal medicine hospitalist. I am just amazed how wonderful these videos are. You have a natural ability to deliver complex concepts very well. Thank you!!

  • @samtafari1708
    @samtafari1708 2 роки тому +2

    Absolutely stellar description of PCT physiology; have never understood this any better than i do right now! Thanking you.

  • @jaroslavakrizova4556
    @jaroslavakrizova4556 4 роки тому +5

    Love that guy. He is such a miracle! He can explain even for dummies as me ^^ god bless him really!!

  • @novairaahmed629
    @novairaahmed629 4 місяці тому

    Ahhh THANKYOU
    Owe you a lot.
    Thankyou for making these lectures free and available for everyone.♥️

  • @lovemeansworld
    @lovemeansworld 4 роки тому +12

    Amazing explanation. None of my teachers taught like you did. Keep making these videos. From India. 😊

  • @aslbekyuldoshev5264
    @aslbekyuldoshev5264 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you. I'm watching your videos every day

  • @precioushlongwane2966
    @precioushlongwane2966 Рік тому +8

    Who liked before watching 😀

  • @viniciusaquim141
    @viniciusaquim141 Рік тому +1

    Thank you so much for your lectures. I’m studying for my physiology final exam and you make it fascinating, even hard topics get easier. Awesome job 🎉

  • @Onesimo_Mahlaba
    @Onesimo_Mahlaba 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you Ninja nerd for saving my medical degree♥️

  • @kaushikdas7412
    @kaushikdas7412 2 роки тому +1

    people can spend a lifetime watching 5mins ,10mins etc videos , or just watch our ninja's 30min video for one time and we rollin😎

  • @rpersonalemail9068
    @rpersonalemail9068 7 років тому +12

    awesome work once again. so much chemical reactions in that segment that are the basis for physiology. it has solidified my understanding.

    • @NinjaNerdOfficial
      @NinjaNerdOfficial  7 років тому +2

      +Rey PersonalEmail That’s such great news! Glad to help!

    • @michaelmoore5570
      @michaelmoore5570 3 роки тому

      How do you remember all of the terms and everything? I'm watching this right now

  • @tokumei4243
    @tokumei4243 4 роки тому

    MY MAN!!! I will follow you to the end of the earth for just a mere second of your lectures.

  • @AhmedAli-kx2iu
    @AhmedAli-kx2iu Рік тому

    No words can describe my joy. Thanks alot ninja nerd

  • @9lee9ssuerye76
    @9lee9ssuerye76 4 роки тому +3

    THANK YOU SO MUCH I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO IN MY EXAMS WITHOUT YOUR VIDEOS

  • @medizinmitmedimus7014
    @medizinmitmedimus7014 2 роки тому +1

    Love your channel! You literally saved my med school time

  • @Alishaa233
    @Alishaa233 2 роки тому +2

    😭thankyou soo much ! You are heaven to all medical students ♥️✨

  • @salmagalal1320
    @salmagalal1320 Рік тому

    Best teacher ever
    all best wishes from Egypt ❤️🇪🇬

  • @anandsingh4071
    @anandsingh4071 6 років тому +7

    zero dislikes..this shows how much satisfied your viewers are....

    • @raliixaviero4674
      @raliixaviero4674 5 років тому +1

      anand singh thanks dude, you jinxed it

    • @TKZHelix
      @TKZHelix 5 років тому

      @@raliixaviero4674 anand probably disliked the vid

    • @tonyberardi1617
      @tonyberardi1617 5 років тому

      And now there are two dislikes lol stupid people

  • @AnaOluja
    @AnaOluja 9 місяців тому +1

    I LOVE YOU THIS IS SO BEAUTIFULLY EXPLAINED

  • @hudeluxe9705
    @hudeluxe9705 2 роки тому +1

    this is reallly wonderful video! i am so grateful to get it!

  • @ndeyekanediaw2130
    @ndeyekanediaw2130 6 років тому +1

    Stumbled upon your videos, maybe it was pure luck maybe it was fate but either way I couldn't be more thankful. You have been a god sent, an amazing surprise. Thank you so much, I really appreciate your videos.

  • @mbr5833
    @mbr5833 2 роки тому

    You are an honest and execellent lecturer. Thank you for reminding me the basics.

  • @millllllllllllllllllll27
    @millllllllllllllllllll27 Рік тому +1

    Thank you Dr, your explanations is too clear

  • @aysecetinkaya6711
    @aysecetinkaya6711 6 років тому +10

    Great videos! I don't know what would I do without your videos :)

  • @vandarizou6685
    @vandarizou6685 5 років тому +3

    Bless your heart and soul!!! Congratulations! I love your passionate approach to conveying this fantastic information. You have really saved me!!! May you always be happy and well.

  • @jacobcambre5251
    @jacobcambre5251 3 роки тому

    You're so good that I'm happy when I get ads so that I can support you

  • @successogbamgba9204
    @successogbamgba9204 5 років тому +1

    You are a life saver. Keep doing this good work and you will gain new heights every day. Many thanks

  • @KF-nu9ng
    @KF-nu9ng 3 роки тому

    Your lectures are so entertaining I prefer watching your vids over Netflix!

  • @mahditeimouri9107
    @mahditeimouri9107 Рік тому

    You've literally become my alternative source of study.

  • @kellyaviguetero5876
    @kellyaviguetero5876 8 місяців тому +1

    Urea is not lipid soluble, it is reabsorbed by passive transportation called solvent drag, where it is reabsorbed along with water. Besides that, these videos are really really helpful thank you for this

  • @carmellasrna5223
    @carmellasrna5223 4 роки тому +6

    Awesome videos. Currently in first semester of CRNA school preparing for finals. You're awesome at re-iterating everything to really make it stick!

  • @حسينعلاء-ه5ز1ع
    @حسينعلاء-ه5ز1ع Рік тому +1

    Just thank you for these informations ❤❤

  • @sheragimkenari1243
    @sheragimkenari1243 6 місяців тому +2

    We graduating med school with this one🔥🔥

  • @jessicam8664
    @jessicam8664 3 роки тому +1

    Your brain is fantastic; I wish I knew this as well as you. Thank you for making these videos; currently getting through med school.

  • @dipshijain7431
    @dipshijain7431 4 роки тому +1

    Honestly this video is amazing . You make concepts so simple . Thanks for this

  • @HibaJasim-y1e
    @HibaJasim-y1e Рік тому +1

    Thanks alot specially for pointing out - all substances secreted into the the tubules are via active transport... ❤

  • @lovesdogs819
    @lovesdogs819 3 роки тому

    hey zach i am shreya from india and first year homeopathy student ur vedioes rae really helpful

  • @davidnduli85
    @davidnduli85 Рік тому +8

    It's Funny how I look at Lecturers teaching Knowing that there's Ninja Nerd......

  • @brendamercer6898
    @brendamercer6898 4 роки тому

    OMG this video certainly helps to understand the new SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (T2D), especially in understanding where these work in the renal system!!

  • @rubaalbarghouthi
    @rubaalbarghouthi 11 місяців тому +1

    Amazing informative video as usual 👏 Many thanks for your time and effort 👌😊

  • @mariaderattani6792
    @mariaderattani6792 2 роки тому

    thank you ninja nerd !! now I can understand my college books and be ready for my exams ❤❤❤

  • @khaledal_jadou2648
    @khaledal_jadou2648 2 роки тому +1

    best reference in the world😍😍😍❤

  • @millylovesyou7703
    @millylovesyou7703 2 роки тому

    You put a lot of passion in what you are doing. Respect !!

  • @victoriakhegay5415
    @victoriakhegay5415 6 років тому +7

    Thank you very much from Russia. I love your way of explanation. If one day you come to Moscow i would love to invite you for a drink :)

  • @tigerhillsupa
    @tigerhillsupa 2 роки тому

    unbelievable, the content is in so much detail!

  • @solomonyokim6762
    @solomonyokim6762 3 роки тому +1

    Everything is clearly explained. GOD Bless!!

  • @sunyoungsharpe5479
    @sunyoungsharpe5479 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you so much for your videos, it was very helpful, educational, awesome explanation, continue doing such things, and remember you are helping thousands

  • @fatimasuleman1980
    @fatimasuleman1980 Рік тому +1

    This was just amazing. Thank you very much.

  • @marigi5521
    @marigi5521 6 років тому +11

    Absolutely love, love all your videos!!! VEry good explanations and you make learning so fun and I can't wait to see your vidoes. Thankyou so much for making physiology easier to comprehend. Love you!

  • @raahilatheist4258
    @raahilatheist4258 6 років тому +1

    Your videos made me a good doctor thanku sir god bless u ..

  • @amnajumani
    @amnajumani Рік тому

    Thank you for recording this iconic lecture! ❤️helped alot.

  • @riyanbabar8416
    @riyanbabar8416 Рік тому +1

    Phenomenal lecture 👌 👏 🙌 Thank you so much ❤

  • @PsychicPolygon
    @PsychicPolygon 4 роки тому

    I just started a nephrology fellowship and this is super helpful. Who is this guy? Bravo!!!

  • @oumaimamajdoub553
    @oumaimamajdoub553 2 роки тому

    Goddd blesss you keep going we médical students need youu

  • @Medic81
    @Medic81 Рік тому

    There is no way I got to the end of a NN video and didn't see Zach straight CHEEEEEEZING at the end of it, i'm devastated!

  • @anfelbouadjadja3065
    @anfelbouadjadja3065 3 роки тому +1

    May god bless u sir ...a living legend 💙

  • @noidentification3394
    @noidentification3394 2 роки тому

    God bless you brother! youre doing many of us a great favor, thank u!

  • @sandeeppatel1476
    @sandeeppatel1476 6 років тому

    i am addicted to your video.....keep uploading

  • @nitin4103
    @nitin4103 4 роки тому +1

    Woww thank God I found these lecturess

  • @RabiaFaramarz-c2c
    @RabiaFaramarz-c2c 2 місяці тому +1

    Really enjoyed it❤

  • @manel5947
    @manel5947 4 роки тому

    Seriously why didn't anyone explain it this way before ?
    Thank you master !

  • @herwigschulzeakapantarhei2685
    @herwigschulzeakapantarhei2685 3 роки тому

    Best Teacher ever. Thx so much!