Axial Flux Motors Will Change CARS - Here's Why
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- Опубліковано 22 тра 2024
- Axial Flux Motors: Check out the Foreo BEAR today! foreo.se/hmnj
There's something fascinating about engines and motors, they power so much of our lives. And they have been a source of deep investment, and R&D from companies for decades. In the world of electric motors, a new axial flux motor has been making news, and for good reason. it has some interesting benefits that can play a big role in future powertrains. So how do they work, and what are their pros and cons? Let's figure this out together! Breakthrough Axial Flux Motor Will Change Cars Forever
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Chapters
0:00 - Introduction
0:35 - Traditional Motor
1:55 - Axial Motors
2:57 - Benefits
6:50 - History of YASA
7:47 - Cons
9:30 - The Future of Motors
what we'll cover
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#mercedesamg #mercedes #Motor #carmotor #evs #tesla, Axial Flux Motors Will Change CARS - Here's Why - Наука та технологія
Check out the Foreo BEAR today! foreo.se/hmnj
Con job. Efficiency is terrible because it doesn't have gears, and needs over 100 thousand dollars of energy sapping computer nursemaiding.
Efficiency and power to weight is 20% of 1908 electric cars.
Their batteries and electric systems lasted a century.
That's why they stopped making them.
its basically a simplified and scaled down version of the electric motors the germans use for their newer U-boats.
keep the frekking camera still you silly woke transgender climate correct person!
You are boring.
What's the difference between these type of motors and Elaphe motors?
That’s really cool they’ve created such a powerful lightweight efficient motor. I’m sure Mercedes will stop at nothing to engineer a coolant pump that is so buried in the cars internals it requires almost an entire disassembly of the vehicle.
😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤪🤣🤣🤣
lolz
They can replace it for you at the same time you are paying them £10k+ to swap out your 5yr old battery.
@@MrLankoss The batteries are warrantied for 10 years 155K miles on all electric Mercedes. This is almost 33% higher than anyone else in the industry.
...and electric cars don't even need coolant pumps!
Me: I sure hope this will make EV's more affordable.
* Mercedes has left the chat *
also its only useful for hybrids...
Batteries are the cost factor in EV. Not the electromotor.
@@meantares Well both are - but here is about efficiency, size, output. How much is one motor - 3kUSD? if you have 2 of them or 3? It's the price of the battery.
🚄 y público transportación >> coches eléctricos
Maybe they stop making cars and just mass produce electric motors for other OEMs including Tesla?
The axial-flux motor has been a well-known configuration for many years. Not built by Mercedes, they bought it from the original company. Would love to play with one of these.
Yes: _YASA._ There is also the Belgian company _Magnax,_ which has an even more advanced axial flux motor with a yokeless stator that offers the highest power density in the industry. Unfortunately, no EV manufacturer seems to be working with them.
It is enjoyable, concise, and informative. Thanks. In my twenties, I designed a try-armature, axial flux motor with power production and use created by internally controlled computer chips inside each armature. The motor could pass vast amounts of current back and forth for breaking and acceleration. Beautiful presentation. Thanks again.
The Elefant (German for "elephant") was a heavy tank destroyer used by German Wehrmacht Panzerjäger during World War II. Ninety-one units were built in 1943 under the name Ferdinand, after its designer Ferdinand Porsche. The engines drove a single Siemens-Schuckert 500 kVA generator each, which powered two Siemens 230 kW (312.7 PS) individual-output electric motors, one each connected to each of the rear sprockets. The electric motors also acted as the vehicle's steering unit. This "petrol-electrical" drive delivered 0.11 km/L (909 litres/100 km or 0.26 miles per gallon) off-road and 0.15 km/L (667 litres/100 km or 0.35 mpg) on road at a maximum speed of 10 km/h off-road and 30 km/h on road. Fancy, huh. electric motors suck because of the weight, cooling and control circuit.
Over forty years ago my then-father-in-law told me that the ideal car would have a small, light electric hub motor in each wheel hub, with the speed electronically controlled to drive the car and improve handling by driving the outer wheels faster when turning. Looks like the automotive industry is finally approaching that ideal.
Unsprung weight on wheels is not good.
@@ExploringCabinsandMinesif its only like 30lbs it might be fine
The problem is that the motor in the wheel is not a reliable solution, as the weight inertia of the electric motor will destroy the tire much faster... This is why you still do not have one EV with this solution on the streets today... Because you are forced to make the fast-moving and vibrating parts of the car (due to the road bumps) as light as possible. This is why the light rims are all over the place. Heavy wheels destroy the tires much faster...and the wear in the metal parts is exponential with the weight and amplitude of movements, the ball bearings are wearing out much faster.
Just a thought, but motors in the hubs might allow more effective suspension systems
and no steering? like french amx10 tank...
The axial-flux motor has been a well-known configuration for many years. What I did not hear in this presentation are the issues that have prevented its general adoption in any number of stationary and transportation applications to date and how Mercedes has overcome those limitations. Surely, the material cost savings for the axial-flux motor alone would be compelling in any application, all other manufacturing considerations being equal. The fact that radial-flux motors are still the dominant form factor implies that there are either significant differences in either design complexity or manufacturing complexity or both.
I am certain that Mercedes is being successful at optimizing toward their target goal. From this presentation I am not sure what that goal is other than performance/weight ratio. I also did not hear what advances can be made on addressing performance/cost when compared to a motor such as the Tesla Plaid motor. Maybe Mercedes can surprize me.
BTW I have only heard of battery temperature and brake temperature being limiting factors for Tesla Plaid at Nuremberg and Pike's Peak. It is impressive that Mercedes axial motor runs so cool but is that the highest problem on the pareto list? At least more of the system's cooling will be available for battery packs, so the motor advance does impact the higher heat item on the list.
I like the development but am still skeptical that this is nothing other than a specialty racing motor, albeit a potentially impressive one.
From the engineering standpoint you have many advantages from a way smaller, more compact, more efficient motor. One is packaging - standard motors have 3 times the weight and the sizes, you could put 4 of them at every corner - that is next gen opportunities in controlling and performance. It is not solving the battery limitations you mentioned - but Mercedes is developing there too. You can see their concept car with a 1200km range. Its a technology leap forward.
@@bavariancarenthusiast2722 The only part we disagree on is the fact that, as presented, the design is a technological leap forward. It may be a notable refinement of the axial-flux configuration but no mention is made of advances in the manufacturing process that would make the axial-flux design cost-competitive to at least the advanced radial-flux designs.
It will be interesting to see this motor in performance applications. I do not have enough information for me to anticipate its incorporation into high-volume surface transportation. The weight-savings is compelling for air-transportation, however.
@@mrhickman53 agreed - I also don't know the production costs compared to the older motor designs, if they are on par or maybe cheaper.
For me it's a revolution - its 1/3 size and weight by putting more power out.
We need this for batteries too - imagine one third the weight and more capacity. We will see that in 3 years from now.
@@bavariancarenthusiast2722 First of all, let me explain that I use these responses to sharpen my views on the subject. I do not intend to be at odds with your views, just explain why I hold mine. No offence is intended.
While I have not looked, I imagine the VTOL drones being developed as air taxis are almost exclusively axia-flux direct-drive motors. The cost penalty for weight is too high to ignore axial-flux designs. I have not tried to compare the Mercedes claims against motors being applied into those applications, but I imagine they are similar. As I think about it, the fact that Mercedes did not identify air taxis as a target market for their development makes me more suspicious of any claim to revolutionary design.
Again, it is likely very good engineering, which is a merit in its own right. If it shows up in a production car, I imagine the owners will be paying a premium for the performance and fine engineering. From a marketing perspective, if this premium exceeds the cost penalty over the equivalent power from radial-flux designs due to consumer impressions of higher achievable performance, then the design is successful.
One thing to mention is that Axial Flux layout is solving a problem that hasn't really been a problem for electric cars. A radial flux motor is already very small, very light, and very high torque compared to the ICE it's replacing in a design. The axial flux layout gives higher torque, but the torque limit on most EV is the ability of the tires to grip, not the motor. Meanwhile, rotating mass isn't free. The higher RPM of the radial flux motors means they can give a modest car a higher top speed without the need of a transmission.
So there are reasons this is being talked about in terms of ultra-high-performance vehicles, for now. As they get cheaper, the axial motor-per-wheel approach will probably trickle down to economy vehicles. Unfortunately, nobody is making economy EVs while the limiting factor is battery supply, because the margins are higher on luxury vehicles.
Two things first I loved the content and for once a recommendation with something I actually enjoyed. Very clear and concise with high production value 👏. I love that there are guidelines for commenting that popped up, keep it classy says it all
Thank you for such a great presentation! I learned something, and that's priceless. I'm happy that I finally discovered the channel.
Re the title - this is old technology, so it's not "new". These motors are used on washing machines. To fight Tesla, Mercedes needs to put out a compelling car for a compelling price. Tesla is solidly focused on mass production and cost reductions. They're going to hair pin motors (easier to build and automate and are more efficient) and magnets free of rare earth metals because these are cheaper. 48V architecture reduces the amount of copper needed. Unboxed production will make their cars faster and cheaper to make and allow them to be built using Optimus robots. There's more than that (4680 batteries, Giga castings...) but you get the idea. Unless Mercedes innovates in these areas, throwing one little differentiator that only has benefits when you look at that one component in isolation, but the benefits get lost in the overall vehicle, isn't going to overcome the huge moat Tesla is bulling.
@@iphigenia8661 no. Tesla buys batteries from everyone, including the major Chinese battery manufacturers (SAIC, BYD, as well as battery suppliers in the US and elsewhere, eg Panasonic, as well as developing their own in-house 4680s). Tesla consumes more batteries than any company on earth. They're all very eager to sell to Tesla as Tesla will buy every battery they can make.
Pretty sure that motor they showed you is the YASA P-400 R. They’ve been commercially available for… 8 years? 9 years? Something like that. Mercedes did not invent them, and they’re the same motors Ford uses in their electric Mustangs
I'm pretty sure Ken Block's 1400 hp Mach E had those kind of motors, they were stackable if I remember well
This is basically the same motor as Toyota has been using in hybrid transmissions for like 26 years. Making a smaller electric motor is hardly an innovation today. Mercedes are late to the party, again, and want us to be impressed.
MB are last on the ball but presented as innovative! I guess they payed well for the commercial. 😂
Mercedes bought the whole Company
@@simson4t The classic way. If you are last on the ball, buy those that was faster and save a lot of time. How will Apple do with AI?
Thanks for the share.
The quality of sound outside is stoning.
Great info Ricky. Thanks for bringing it to us. I'm so pumped about the future of moving cars down the road.
Let hope the price of EVs come down to where the average man can afford them. Mercedes will Not lead this effort.
And not with this fancy schmancy special super duper flux generator motor. I am waiting allt he time that he puts potatoe peels inside and starts to fly.
With the tax incentives the Model 3 is already at price parity with a Toyota Camry.
EV are already cheaper than the average car
Hybrids are EVs too. At low speeds, the engine is a battery charger. And even just 1 mile of battery can double fuel efficiency. Mine gets 50 MPG almost always - 60+ in traffic jams, and ~45 at 70 MPH. Less battery means less pollution to make. And can be bought for less than $30k.
The trajectory and all estimates are that EVs can be made for less than an ICE car, so it will be the ICE car that will be seen as a rich person's hobby in the future and anyone wanting the best vehicle for the lowest purchase price will get an EV (the total cost of ownership is already in EV's favour but a lot of people have a hard time wrapping their head around that for some reason).
Great video. I'd add that the idea is not new, but many advances in recent years, both in materials, and production technologies are making these ideas more feasible and applicable in real life.
so true!
How about we practice human and ecologicaly safe resource extraction before worrying about it efficiency of this joke that is the ev movement.
@@imnotaspoon151 You talk about resource extraction as if it is something exclusive to EVs🤣🤣🤣.
What a ridiculous thing to say. You've not heard of the Exon Valdez,or the Tory Canyon, Piper Alpha or Deepwater Horizon?
The fact is that there is no intrinsic way in which mining for EV materials is necessarily worse than anything else. In fact, there are plenty of reasons why fossil fuel extraction is far, far worse.
And one of the reasons why fossil fuel extraction is far, far worse is because it is run by an industry which is synonymous with corruption.
So, how about getting your facts straight?
@TwoBitDaVinci you need to look into Konigseggs 2 radial flux motors!
How efficient it is it in comparison to Tesla electric motor which is seen as the efficiency king at the moment?
Thankyou brother great job love it keep it coming very interesting stuff well explained..
Excellent presentation. Thank you.
I went to a CENEX event at the UK Millbrook test circuit in about 2015 where axial motors were on display there. I thought they were interesting then but the fact that we're still talking about them and not using them makes me wonder why
Cost.
So Tim at 2:00 is not a Mercedes engineer but a supplier? I hoped that Mercedes would increase vertical integration.
Vertical integration is bullshit!
Mercedes bought the Yasa motor
@@DiabloVan Thank you!
@@DiabloVanIf you don’t have the engineering talent or intelligence to make it, just buy it. Germany #1, as always.
Great video!, Informative, and educational.
I love your show... Thank you so much for the information!
This is an ad for Mercedes. This motor has been on the market for awhile and is provided to Mercedes by a supplier. Why aren't all cars using it if it's soo great?
Great video! Very insightful on the future. Definitely nice to see progress in the electric automotive world, though batteries are still a huge issue (natural resources and disposal). But R&D there is coming along as well. One note: camera shake is a little nauseating. Maybe a tripod? :)
Great quality video, really engaging presentation.
Good lecture. Very encouraging.
I am not sure about the difference in maturity between radial and axial motors. As far as I know, axial flux motors are already used for years in washing machines, dryers, etc. Not in cars, but the technology and manufacturability is known already. The difference is they don't spin more than few hundred RPMs there...
Search up the NEVS Emily GT by SAAB. Top Gear reviewed a few weeks ago and it has 600 miles of range due to in wheel motor design. No performance car by any means but a solid car.
@@seungltd range isnt a good indicator of performance when its simple to juist add more batteries or increase the gas tank size to make the range figure whatever you want it to be.
I have experience with axial flux motors (MRAX 228), and they can spin up to 6500 RPM.
The right hand rule! I just had flash backs to my physics 102 E&M class!
Immediately reminds me of the Wankel rotary engine as compared to traditional cylinder-based engines, based on power-to-weight ratio alone. The problem is nearly 0% of people want to have to do preventative maintenance that involves a complete rebuild of their engine every few years along with all other standard wear items.
When I drove my RX-7 in heavy traffic I could see the fuel gauge needle moving...
WATCH THAT DORITO SPIN!
ROTARY FOR THE WIN!
Crap, now I gotta replace the Apex again!
@@shadeburstYour mistake was driving it in traffic.
RX-7 was more of a performance car than a daily driver
@jakehildebrand1824 gotta daily drive it ..if it's your only vehicle. It was a failure for most part. I almost bought a new RX8. They burned oil even when new! I bought a new Mustang GT 5.0L 6spd Manual. Drove it daily..raced it..ran it hard. It lasted an never failed me for 10yrs. Sold it running well.
@@Davido50 First of all, why would you buy something like the RX-7 to be your only vehicle?
Second, of course the RX-8 burns oil thats just how Rotary engines run, and its got two of them.
Lastly, Mustang? Nice choice. Solid, reliable, powerful, and American.
Seems like the rear-dual motor with a transmission might be a great application for these axial motors. Still too heavy to put in the wheels themselves. In combination with an AC front axle motor would make a compelling AWD setup - you need a split powertrain or differential on the rear axle anyway.
FWIW, for those not familiar, these types of motors have been around for a long time. Aside from things like washing machines, a very common use of these motors is in HDDs.
Washing machines use a universal motor.
@@Robert-cu9bm Not all of them, especially not front loaders
Ricky, you make the best, most informative, and layman friendly content on UA-cam. Thank you!
Back in 1972, a couple of guys in Peoria IL developed an EV that stored energy in a tank of liquid nitrogen. A small amount of the liquid was exposed to waste heat, causing a rapid expansion of the nitrogen back into a gas. This pressure was used to power an electric turbine.
Maybe such a system could double as a motor cooling system.
Turning gas nitrogen to liquid is an expensive process. Thats why its not economical.
@@safarandtravel1999 that's true for the mass market (millions of vehicles), but actually, for a certain limited number of EVs using a range extender (possibly thousands), it would be economical. I should have written about this in my above comment.
The book where I read about that EV design explained that the demand for liquid oxygen and liquid trace atmospheric gases is much greater than the demand for liquid nitrogen. As a result, since air is almost 4/5 nitrogen, almost 1/5 oxygen, and only trace amounts (obviously) of the trace gases, in order to meet the demand for everything OTHER than nitrogen, liquid gas providers have to liquefy tons more nitrogen than what anyone needs or wants for refrigeration and other uses. The gas providers set aside enough liquid nitrogen to meet that expected demand and dump the rest back into the air. That's a huge amount of wasted electricity, which is factored into the price they charge to purchasers of the in-demand liquid gases. If there was a new demand for liquid nitrogen used in thousands of EV range extenders, that would create a new market for otherwise wasted liquid nitrogen, and it would improve the margins of the liquid gas providers, with hardly any new infrastructure needed. An EV owner would not need such a range extender unless going on a longer road trip, and those liquid gas providers are usually located in places like highway truck stop gas stations.
In a hybrid configuration, LPG could be used as the fuel and the vaporization of the liquid could be used for the cooling.
This is how all modern electricity is produced but with water being turned to gas and the expansion spinning turbines. The reason water is used is because it expands more than any other substance when going from liquid to gas phase which produces more power than any other substance. Your point is that we have a lot of liquid nitrogen just laying around and it is already at thermal disequlibrium from its surroundings so it's "free energy" but it is such a pitiful amount that it is not worth fussing with.
I was impressed the first time I saw a motor like this in a VCR. Looked really cool.
I was looking into axial flux motors back in 2006. A rally racing team in Australia developed in in wheel axial flux motor. Then they sold it to Volvo. And then later on when they had the copper nanofilm I thought it would be cool to make the rotor out of the copper nanofilm embedded into a graphing carbon fiber rotor. Then each motor would be light enough to stick directly into the wheel hub rather than have a drive shaft to lose torque with
See elaphe.
@@buckeyebeliever3397 More unsprung mass is a really bad idea. Wheels need to be as light as possible.
Yeah true about the unsprung mass, ergo the graphing carbon fiber rotor and copper nanofilm would probably take care of that for things like compact cars, rally cars. however When I first saw the in wheel axial flux motors and having the problem with the unsprung weight I thought it would be ideal for things like trucks or classic cars that already have unsprung weight issues
@@Machine_State oi! how dare you go bursting bubbles and ruining peoples fantasies with mere FACTS?
all the advertising has told us we need motors in the hub, so therefore, motors must be in the hub!
Graphene rotor?
I want one for my chopper!
Have these been built, yet?
That motor should get an award for the name. Axial Flux. It not only sounds good but conjures up visions of the future.
It's an old idea.
Моторы такой модели делают с 19 века!!! 🙄🤫🤯🤣
I think the Quark e-motor has the coolest sounding name. That is the electric motor in the Koenigsegg cars. It's a combination of radial and axial flux motors. The whole package is called the Dark Matter.
Built several in the '80s.
Prototype, experimental, hush-hush.
Military contractors came to our facility for demonstrations, very impressive performance.
Four decades later, only now, has the tech reached the automotive sector.
Because of the interlocking bayonet design, I stressed during a gentle reworking of the motor bodies for clearances,
tickling the fits that were not met on the cnc. It was all good.
Those magnets were very special, very powerful, unique mineral origin.
The contract involved specialized production equipment, which is why I recall overcoming the difficulties.
(At the time, I was occupied repairing a Battenfeld molding machine that was slamming the platens.
A faulty limit switch that was intermittent, lucky diagnosis using an actual sweep meter.
Took all of five minutes. A master electrician, an electronic technologist, had tested the control panel the day before, for hours, and had missed it. We were testing the molds we had made for plastic battery packs. )
Exciting, something different every day, very difficult at times.
Yes, they are far superior to conventional field motors.
Torque output is phenomenal.
Great idea & work! This may make the ideal fishing boat trolling motor and make weedy shallows.accrssible! Love your channel - thanks
It took me a while to figure out the lingo for electric motors, to figure out if axial flux motors existed. I had made "axial pressure" lol compressed air
Motors with fantastic torque for their small size and plastic composition. I knew it would be great in an electric motor. Some bike hubs are axial, but I'm honestly impressed how long it takes automotive companies to "innovate" 😅
The principle problem with axial flux motors is the control circuitry. It has taken this long to come to terms with the computing power necessary to getting them to work efficiently.
There's an excellent video by Fully Charged which looks at the whole creation of axial flux motors.
The other problem is battery capacity and weight, up until now, batteries weren't as efficient or cost-effective as those "heavy engines and transmissions" like he states in the video while conveniently leaving out the battery that you have to carry to power these motors. ( 9:50 ). Comparing the weight of a tesla and a similarly sized sedan is pretty eye opening about the amount of battery you have to carry to get the same output as an ICE. We're getting there, and I'm excited.
@@GlidingBoulder We maybe already there. CATL's Condensed Matter (CM) batteries are going into production this year and have an energy density of "Up to 500Wh/kg" and are expected to be cheaper than conventional Li batteries as well as having a significantly longer life and shorter charge times, as well as meeting aviation industry standards for safety. With electric motors being so much lighter and not needing a transmission, the combined weight of battery and motor can noe be closer to, or even surpass, the combined weight of an ICE car with fuel load, engine and transmission. I've done the calculations, and 500Wh/kg is getting very close to the 3 or so kJ/kg of petrol when converted at the typical ICE efficiency of 30%, especially when you take into account the not insignificant weight of an ICE. engine and transmission.
This is not intended as an advert for CATL, there are other battery companies that are close to launching with similar tech.
> I'm honestly impressed how long it takes automotive companies to "innovate"
Weird. I'm not "impressed", "surprised", "disappointed", or any other combination of words that you are getting at.
The auto industry innovates slowly, as would be expected in any field where products cost tens of thousands of dollars and where the industry bears the cost of fixing engineering mistakes in any units they sell. You would do the same thing if you were in charge, so I don't know why you are so "impressed" by how long it takes them to innovate.
They usually run their innovations in racing first. It's a good idea, because it's low volume and funded by the manufacturer.
@@lambdaman3228 It seems that the great innovations are not coming from the automakers, but the battery makers. And you really should be impressed. It took automakers about 50 years for a normal family saloon to go from producing about 50 bhp to about 100bhp, yet it has taken battery makers less than 30 years to go from about 100Wh/kg to 500Wh/kg, and it would seem that the pace of development is increasing still.
My thought is this motor is ideal for motorcycles! Perhaps ebikes too, though needing a frequency drive would be added complexity.
Yeah. These flat motors could fit inside a wheel!
Doing over 100 MPH on an e-bike? 😂
@@jonathanbrown2407 Seriously? Ebike motors are around one horsepower. Limited by law to 28 mph. Any improvement in weight and efficiency is desirable. Also, HVAC uses freq drive motors more than ever. From fractional HP to 60 HP and more.
This is far from being used on motorcycles, these max out at 22k/rpm but i had a bike that naxed around 23k/rpm these just cannot spin fast enough to keep up with a streetbike rpm rang
In Europe (big bicycle market) the limit is 25 km/h and 250 W on average. However nothing is said about peak power. So many motors have a huge amount of peak torque and power. And weight is definitely an issue, with 3 kg already being considered heavy. But the biggest benefit is size, as people generally don't like the aesthetic of clunky motors. There actually are many radial hub motors on the market as they need to be flat.
That lower RPM range is not a problem, just hook it up to a well built transmission and change up gears when needed. I'd go so far as to say, a couple of these motors driving through a common shaft, will make a great motor for high performance sports cars, or a really effcient way of driving individual axles seperately in a heavy truck, including being able to drive the axles on the trailer when extra power is needed, or regenerative brake the trailer to aid in vehicle stability when off-throttle, without wearing the trailer brakes out.
The KKoenigsegg Gemera hybrid has one of these axial flux motors, 600hp.
Good video. Even though when the copper gets hotter, the electrical resistance increases, resulting in inefficiency, the main reason for cooling is to prevent the magnets from reaching the curie temperature because the magnets fail.
Good report... I designed a similar motor when I was eight. I'm sixty-five now.
I am more excited about the pcb stator motors, than the ones using copper coil. Just like mentioned elsewhere in the comments this is not new tech, cpap fan motors have been using this design for ages. Another cool feature is the high efficiency of these newer generation flux axial motors (95% and up). The are also so simple to manufacture that they can be built by anyone.
@@dangraff8467 looking at these now.
You are good at explaining things.
Way to go! I wish this race started way earlier
Good overview. Seriously though, we do not need 120 mph cars. Some people want them. Most of us are fine with a car that tops out at 100 mph. That keeps our typical 80 to 85 mph well under the max. If it saves material (cost), then woohoo!
In the US maybe, but in Germany there are highways with no speed limit, and they have the biggest car industry. Also racing is important marketing for brands ("Win on Sunday, Sell on Monday"), but it only works if customers can believe that they are buying something similar what they saw on the track.
Hi Ricky, did you know Fully charged did an episode in 2011 on Yasa motors? 🤔😎👍😉
I am an electrical engineer and have developed an axial-flux motor for our final year project, and it's really very power full
you could put one of those in each wheel. No drive shafts needed at all. The simplicity of future cars would be so nice.
My friend invented a permanent magnet, coreless axial electric motor in the the 1970s. This is nothing new and he has several patents pertaining to this. Later on he added a core which greatly increased the torque. Thanks for the excellent video!
Impressive and interesting. Still, biggest hurdle for the EVs remains the energy density of the batteries. Let's hope for a breakthrough there in the near future.
@@dangraff8467 Like that. Necessary elaboration: breakthrough that will make these affordable and practical for mass production.
Considering how long it's taking to create a worthwhile charging network, energy density is definitely the first thing I would be tackling.
Biggest hurdle for EVs is they are just a trend.
In the end, a V8 will always be way more reliable, and preferable for anything longer than a trip to the store
Or, the need for batteries at all. Nikola Tesla had a way to transmit significant power lossless across any distance to a receiver. The world of EVs and big money seems VERY disinterested into reverse engineering that. Even the inductive charging lanes (they work while driving) would then not need to be installed. You'd have the antenna,, a speed controller of sorts and a small capacitor, replacing the 600 kg battery. For unlimited range, but you'd need to buy the energy from the wireless provider.
@@Cloxxki got proof of this elusive transmitter?
I've been wondering how viable axial Flux motors would be. I built an axial Flux alternator from scratch to power my bike light, and it's pretty amazing. Having that as a motor makes a lot of sense. I'd be interested in seeing how the designs deal with gyroscopic forces too. When a big heavy disc spins, it creates some very powerful forces that can even destroy the motor itself. Radial flux motors don't have as much of a problem there because they are so much "wider".
Next the flux capacitor
Good point, wonder if impacts handling/ turning at high rpm
@@lynby6231 Indeed.
Very cool technology and excellent use of the Gocator 3D laser line scanning technology at 9:28!
Koenigsegg has a motor they call Raxial, which tries to take advantage of both radial and axial forces. Mahle has a motor that uses no rare earth magnets and doesn't use conventional brushes. It sends power wirelessly to coils on the rotor. One could call it a cordless brush motor. It might be arguably less efficient, because the inner magnets require power, but avoiding rare metals and only using copper makes it fantastic for it's environmental impact and simplifies recyclability.
BMW i4 motors don't use rare earth magnets, but this requires slip rings to power the inner windings. BMW says they last 180,000 miles.
@@beenflying1 so is it a kind of physically touching brush?
Also the Koenigsegg Regera uses three of Yasa's Axial flux motors. Perhaps before the MB acquisition?
the mahle motor is what was once called a "hysteresis motor", and you often find them in small circulating fans (in fridges) and the like.
the rotor is simply a relatively hard steel, so it has a high "remnance", ie, it remains magnetic once the field coil is de-energised.
as they run on AC, the coil changes polarity, and suddenly the induced magnetism of the rotor is repelled... they rely on the "hysteresis" of the iron. the work it takes to demagnetise and remagnetise the steel in the opposite direction is higher than the work it takes to simply turn away from the applied magnetic field...
very similar to a standard shaded pole motor, that are also used in those little circulation fans, the only difference being the shaded pole uses a slotted rotor with shorted conductor bars, just like a standard induction/squirrel cage motor uses. an opposing current is induced in the conductors, creating a field that is then repelled from the pole.
in both cases, the shaded pole causes an unequal magnetic force across the poles, some lead/lag in currents and induced fields, and they always rotate in one direction relative to the shading ring (a single turn of copper wire around a small section of the pole)
occasionally you come across ones with two shading poles, one either side, that are intended fro operating in both directions...
just because someone says its new tech, doesnt mean it hasnt been around for approximately a century now...
its great what you can lie about when everyones forgotten things and the education system fails to remind them...
@paradiselost9946 I don't think it's quite the same. Mahle's new motor uses a method of transmitting power, wirelessly to the rotor. It's not taking advantage of leftover magnetism or anything like that. They can directly charge the rotor's coils, however they want, just like the coils on the stator. Picture the speed controller sending current to the stator's coils. Now picture the rotor has the exact same thing. The only difference is a wireless power transmission device in the line running to the rotor's coils.
How do they perform in reverse? I'm thinking of regen specifically.
they are really great at regen. I should have brought that up!
To drive in reverse, just switch the polarity or the 3 phase order. My 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid does that.
Thank you for providing some insight into the Mercedes axial flux motor. I see three alterations that if applied would greatly increase it’s efficiency. A 50 lbs. motor should produce 20,717 Tesla’s @ 60 Amps and only drop 0.2155 volts.
Great video!!! Question. How does the radial flux motor compare to the in wheel motor?
The Axial Flux Motor came out in 1821 if it was more cost-efficient it would be the dominant approach. What are the issues on this motor that stop it from being used in production cars today?
1821? Really? Source?
@@dude-hh9db google The Axial Flux Motor came out in 1821
I've seen a couple of videos about axial, I think they are on par or actually inferior to radial, depending on the application or design. the problem with axial is limited RPM speeds likely due to often large radius designs of axial flux. It is great on hybrids as ICE don't exceed 10k RPM. With radial flux motors, they can get away without transmissions. If there is best electric motor for EVs right now it is the Lucid electric motor. They cleverly designed a smallish radial motor which is lower in torque than a larger radial but allows it to easily spin at higher rpms (which I believe 20k rpm or more) which gains it the nearly the same HP and torque (at the wheel) as a large radial motor that has a lower max RPM.
Unless you wanted to actually drive your car rather than just sit bored on a really fast sofa on wheels(also why so many people die from getting hit by people driving and texting). The idea of a smaller, high torque, low rpm electric with a 5sp manual behind it is exactly what's lacking with current EVs.
Did a great job of comparing and contrasting the two types, but I still don’t understand how the axial works.
How does the flux moving perpendicular to the stator turn with any useable force?
I’ll definitely have to do a bit more research because this is really cool and I’m curious how it actually works.
As an electrical engineer, when i was in my diploma i always wondered how our lab had a 1 HP motor that was 3×2×2 feet and tesla made such high HP motors that were almost 25-30% size. I am slowly getting the answers by such videos
Fantastic! I read a while ago about these motors being used on a one off Mini with four small motors incorporated into each wheel hub with full electronic drive management it provided astonishing performance and I was surprised to find that all the major manufacturers did not pursue this design, I wondered about wheel weight inertia compromising suspension performance but I certainly see these motors as the future driving force.
All the major manufacturers would have pursued this design if it had merit.
wheel weight doesn't really effect the suspension. That part is below the suspension. Thats why aftermarket wheels vary in weight so much. It effects the breaking and acceleration, but in this case that is what is making the power and it could also be used to help the breaking. sooo. overall benefit I guess.
@@SirGregoryFamilyUA-cam said no one who has ever taken economics. Do you have any idea how expensive it is to retool a car assembly line? They can make slight variations, sure, but a totally new design requires totally new factories. and when you already control the supply chain for what you are making, you are making it for cheap and selling it for huge profits.
While if you retool everything and have to develop new supply chains, your infrastructure investment makes it so that you are in the red for sometimes decades before you are seeing actual profit again. So if you even SUGGEST something like that as a CEO, your stock crash, and you get fired before you can implement anything.
@@trumpisthemessiah7017 Yep, it's all about ROI.
@@trumpisthemessiah7017 Unsprung weight harms ride and handling.
Interesting. I guess if RPM is a limiting factor for torque, and you need it only to spin the field, then you could place this field inside another one, which spins at a few million RPM (no moving parts). That would make an EM gearbox and it will be heavy again. Probably its a step back, but there could be some interesting results in the middle.
Rpm is detrimental to torque in all electric motors. They all have a relatively constant power output not torque output.
...It is a *PanCake Motor* of the type used in *Floppy Disk Drives* A great example of Axial Flux Tech is in the Modern Hard Disk Drive *POSITIONER* .
THANK YOU, 2BdV, for a concise Explanation...
amazing technology presentation; imagine having these motors for replacements in classic internal combustion powered vehicles? I would love to do away with the engine and trans in my 1951 jeep 4x4 and replace it with one small motor/controller/batteries; awesome.
Dark Matter," the new "Raxial Flux" (a combination of radial and axial flux) motor produces 800 hp and 922 pound-feet of torque. Koenigsegg...
This reminds me to some extent of the way floppy disk drive motors were built in ties gone by. The major difference would seem to be additional magnetic flux paths to better couple the winding flux to the rotor. It would be interesting to cobble together a motor using some old disk drive magnets and coils in a stacked configuration together with a yoke or maybe magnets on both sides to the windings with two rotors coupled on common shaft/spindle. Must put it on the (rather extensive) to-do list.
Sounds good but lacks the visual aspect. Make a video about it 😁
one sided story - the pancake motor sucks at high speed and has a very bad packing efficiency
Been in the technical field a long time ago, just another perpetual motor.
Awesome video i still watched it to the end. But I was disappointed the koenigsegg motor from the thumbnail wasn’t actually in here!!
It´s really cool, you can also combine more together if it need to fit in an existing structure.
I can imagine this motor getting into electric planes…
Aptera is also going for radial flux, wheel-mounted, motors. Their cars, if Aptera can succeed in bringing them out, should be on the low end of the affordability scale.
A firm destined to the has beens
@@eddiereed5025possibly, but they will put out at least a few cars before then, and if you’re right, and they stop, you can imagine how valuable those cars will be? So either way, if I lived in the US, I would get one. I’m sure renting that thing out would pay for itself many times over. Stop being emotional, start being clever, and go make some money.
I saw PML Flightlink show off their prototype wheel hub axial flux motors in 17 years ago. At a talk in Hampshire. Been waiting for them to become mainstream ever since...
I had to like and subscribe. I had a question pop into my head in regards to heat and electric motors just two days ago. My wife and I are installing electric motors on to our bicycles and though we won't be creating much heat, I wondered about the massive amounts of heat being created in the very powerful motors in electric cars and is there new technology coming up to solve this problem? And then up pops your video answering my question. Thank you!
Very interesting. It reminded me that back in the 1990s, Hydro-Québec's labs created something they called le moteur-roue (the wheel-motor), an electric motor that would fit inside each of an electric car's wheels. It was pretty amazing! Extremely powerful for it's size. BUT, sadly, they were WAY ahead of their time! And there was no market for it back then. So they eventually just let it die.
An interesting tid-bit. An associate of mine was brought in to try to salvage the program, with very little funds available. His predecessor spent C$200 Million and was still far from reduction to practice. The fundamental problem, the promotors of the concept were much better at selling the idea than in execution.
It has nothing to do with ahead of its time. The concept simply does not work. It does not work before and it does not work after. It is the unsprung weight the system added to a car's suspension system. It will make a very bumpy car. Noone will buy a bumpy car that breaks their backbone when hitting a minor bump on the road. The conditions for this system to work must have flat and smooth ground to run on. The vehicle must be operated in slow speed. First thing I think of may work is forklift truck.
This guy has a very nice way of explaining this complicated principle
Yes, for the most part, but he said the motor “produces energy”. That’s incorrect. The motor produces power & torque by converting energy from one form to another. Big difference.
By assigning one of these units per wheel (2WD or 4WD) you would eliminate the need for a differential as well. The handling benefits by electronic tuning/balancing would be immense.
You don't need to make the motor bigger to give it more power, but there is a limiting factor: Heat.
The other way to make the motor more powerful without making it bigger is to run higher amperage through the coils. Unfortunately, more amperage means more heat. Eventually you hit the limit of the heat the windings can handle and you need to instead simply make the winding have more area, which means a bigger core.
Furthermore, a drum is not a very good self-cooling surface as we have learned from brakes.
As of a an axial flux motor, you can either stack the disks to add a more motor rotor cores, and/or you can make the disks higher diameter. You can likewise increase the number of staters on either side to increase torque. For scalability these aditional staters could be simply deactivated at lower output.
Audi uses a two speed gearbox in their e-trons which help with acceleration, maybe that's an idea for Mercedes as well to address the lower max rpm of this motor. Fantastic development - thanks for showing this!
E-tron...French for turd...lol
Tesla has proven those to be unnecessary complication with the Plaid Model S motor
@@thomasreese2816⚙️
Just use a CVT?
@@thomasreese2816
Not really proven anything.
I'm curious as to how efficent the axial motor is compared to a conventional electric motor, as in how much electrical energy is required to produce X amount of torque compared to the power requirements of a conventional motor.
In terms of converting electricity to a magnetic field the axial motor coils are more efficient. The biggest issue keeping them from being using in applications like EV is that to get more power (torque) out of an axial motor you have to increase its radius. The disc has to get bigger. This increases rotational inertia making it harder (and taking longer) to speed up and slow down. It also increases centrifugal forces putting a strain on components (they want to literally fly apart) which can limit the max rotational speed. In a "conventional" radial axis motor the diameter stays the same and you make the motor longer. Rotational inertia and centrifugal forces stay the same. There are also other design issues. E.g. when you're direct driving wheels, a more powerful radial axis motor only takes up more room between the wheels. An axial flux motor would require you to redesign the profile of the car, increasing the vertical aspects of the vehicle, like increasing wheel diameter (it has to be bigger than the motor behind it) elevating the cockpit, etc. Your sleek EV would start resembling a "monster truck" and you'd need tractor tires for wheels and a ladder to get into the driver's seat. The key will be in "stacking" the motors, one behind another along the same shaft. This requires a lot of computer control to perfectly match the electrical pulses across every coil in every stacked motor at varying frequencies to match every rotational speed, and compensating for every variation in magnetic field strength/density. We're getting there...
0:12 I think this is the first time I’ve ever seen a UA-cam establishing shot with a rainy California in the background!
With size and weight, i agree that these would be great place out near the wheels. have three as drive and a fourth as a alternator/generator to produce charge to batteries while driving.
Axial flux motors (or axial gap motor, or pancake motor) are being developed by several companies at the moment.
Great design for "inwheel hub motors" and has a lot of potential.
Cars like the Aptera and the Xbus were thinking about using that in their cars.
"in-wheel hub motors"
Yep, this is the holy grail for vehicles.
One of the concerns I overheard at the 2015 CENEX show at Millbrook UK about this was unsprung weight. The thinking then was that two of these would replace your differential but driveshafts would still be the best way to deliver the power to the wheels.
I had an idea for a single seater hill climb car with in wheel motors and a small swappable battery
@@cjjuszczak NO! They make the wheels too heavy and this is quite a negative in cars: wheels must follow the road inequalities, and this would add a lot of inertia. THIS is why the solution was discarded years ago.
@@francescocacudi1767 With lightweight materials that problem would be less and less with innovation. And you dont need drive shafts that are very heavy, just electrical connections.
Your explanations are always so clear and interesting. Thank you for doing these.
When you mentioned sanwiching this motor between the engine and transmission, it sounds a lot like Honda's IMA drivetrains. Personal fan of that style of hybrid, would be interesting to see that style hybrid return.
If the max RPM of these is 20000 that seems plenty high enough for most any sort of direct drive scenario using anything close to a standard 225/55 R16 car tire. A tire of this size only requires about 2500rpm (about 1/8 of the stated limit) to reach 100mph so a max speed on a relatively normal size tire could theoretically be close to 800mph. Larger or smaller tires will have a pretty significant effect on that speed but all of the math seems to line up with relatively sane ranges for these motors to be useful in cars.
Worth mentioning that some radial EV motors would be about 23kg for 500hp (e.g. Lucid at 31kg for 669) which is much closer to what you're looking at here. Still, it'll be exciting to see what can be achieved with the axial designs :)
Interesting to see tech. But let's get it straight big money didn't invent it Mercedes just purchased the start up vo
Why use a Radial EV motor, when you could instead use a Rotary combustion motor?
@@jakehildebrand1824 Variety. Choice. One size does not fit all. And we LOVE to make new things and improve on old ones.
@@jakehildebrand1824 i love rotary combustion engines they are so cyberpunk
@@Rem_NL I'm not quite sure whether you're being sarcastic or not.
I'd like to see an E-Sprinter.
We see them sometimes in our country. They are not good cars. Sorry to say. Slow, low range and extremely expensive. Maxus, Renault, Citroen, Ford, VW are not any better. Thats why i still wait for the Cybertruck. I would use it as a panel van, not for any fancy off road shenanigans.
Go with a good hybrid. Charge up the battery and you can use 120% of the engine's output when you floor it.
Question, for the same power output is the pancake motor smaller and lighter?
Oh good it's been a whole day since i saw a "this will change everything" video. I just love getting me hopes up.
The cool thing with that motor shape is that it could be packaged laying flat with a differential below it, so you could theoretically make them much larger with a massive torque output
I was thinking, why even bother with a drivetrain and gearbox? Just attach one directly to each wheel and have their power output be computer controlled. At most you would need a few tiny sensors to make it work, even if the engines are not very well balanced in power.
@@dangraff8467 It'd work great on a rotary engine hybrid
Feels a little like a high tech callback to the circa 1930s radial piston engines for aircraft. Of course, without all the parts and complexity. Very cool technology. You can easily see applications in aviation where weight is so important.
Problem is the battery weighs the same being full charged or empty. Whereas liquid fuel gets spend so the aircraft becomes lighter during the trip saving more fuel. For short taxiing aircraft however this could be viable, though the batteries need to be modular and changable in a reasonable amount of time
@@Humbulla93 They could be hybrids. Wouldn't need much battery.
4:00 Heat soaked motors on those Ryobi weedwackers is what happens to mine - lose power max and then die. Need some sort of thermal switch or a small beep at 90% temp danger.
Seems like a great two wheel application as well
E-machines are becoming more important for aviation, too, and for that application axial flux motors hace another big advantage:
Aviation e-motors often use cobalt iron as material for the stator core because of the much higher saturation flux density (=more torque density and overall better efficiency). However, the downside is that cobalt iron alloys are much more expansive than your standard iron silicon alloys. That's why they are used almost exclusively aviation and racing.
When stamping the laminations for radial flux motors you stamp something round from a rectangular strip. Also you stamp a big hole away in the middle where your rotor will go. This means most of the material that goes into the stamping press is scrap - in case of cobalt iron very expansive scrap.
Axial flux design stators are a bit more difficult to stamp because the cross section changes with the stacking direction. But material utilization is much much better. You acutally use the mayoritiy of the strip that enters the press. Fore iron silicon cores the cost impact isn't so big, but when using cobalt iron 50-70% of the cost is material. So the impact here is huge!
Axial flux motors and cobalt iron are the perfrect match!
An axial flux motor designed with cobalt iron in mind (and maybe using some of the things you can do with axial flux motors such as adaptive airgaps instead of gearing) is probably the best e-motor you can build.
Not sure what kinds of RPM’s a light aircraft motor would need without a transmission, is 10k enough?
"E-machines" LOL. I read the rest to see if you were going to tell us they would never be obsolete.
@@kwrzesien17most propeller aircraft have prop RPMs below 3,000. 10,000 would be massive overkill!
It is great to see great engineering! Tesla's approach to engineering has diffused to other manufactures and liberated the creativity and rewards for engineers to use first principles. Innovation is not limited to Tesla - a wonderful secondary effect of Elon Musk's impact. Great to see innovation from other companies.
Innovation has existed before, the hard part usually is getting it into mass production. That's Elon's real superpower.
Public companies have been so focused on next quarter’s profits to boost their stock price that they don’t invest for the long term. With Elon’s success, the perception of needing to prioritize for the long term has influenced a lot of board rooms and investors.
@@andrasbiro3007
His superpower is being able to converse with any expert in the company at the level of that person and make a decision based on the information exchanged.
.
I speculate that there's no executive in the specific industries he is involved in who has the knowledge base to do that.
Yes, this is a great point, Tesla pushed them to do what never really considered free will... And this is why I really hate these top management persons in Europe, they are really so limited...
"The motor was developed for the Morgan LIFEcar in 2008 by Dr Malcolm McCulloch and Dr Tim Woolmer, then a PhD student, at the University of Oxford"
I have a Mercedes E450 with the axial motor between the engine and the transmission in a mild hybrid configuration. It supplies instant torque in high acceleration times until the turbo spools up. It also reduces downshifting in some hill smaller hill climbs. Result is a very fast car (0-60
And all those moving parts for them to sell you on repairs. Looks like an aftermarket's dream. Lots of moving parts and coolant.
It’s not a secret anymore! Axial motors are not new but the technology will always progress. I’m certain Tesla have much up their sleeves too!
Tesla is an awesome pioneer - but they missed the market with luxury cars and trucks - others overtook them already for a long time.
Engineering test technician at BorgWarner E Motor Product Development department here….
This design has been talked about here in our experimental test lab for a few years. I can’t wait to see it!
A nice thought about placing these at the wheels… however… these motors will need to be Sprung-Weight… not Un Sprung-Weight. Subjecting that machine to direct road harshness will destroy it. I could see two of these in an AWD app. One for front axle and one for rear.
I invented this motor back in 2011/12. My coils were at the centre, with cooling pipes zigzagging over and under each coil. I called it the "DISC-MOTOR".
Then just like the one shown: I had two drive drive disks, one on each side, these had permanent magnets fitted into them. The magnets each side of
the coils were opposite polarity, so that the coils would exert pressure to both at the same time.
The idea came to me when I was thinking about leverage. If you put finger near the axel on a bicycle wheel, it takes quite a force to get it moving!
But: put your finger near the rim, and it becomes very easy to start moving. Hence the idea. The problem is that it vanished from the computer that I was using.
So I have No proof of ownership, but at least it will change the running cost in transport, from Motorcycles, to Buses. The idea could be used in industry, for pumps
made with a larger diameter discs. Someone told me before to redo the design, as no doughty he did not believe me. I am getting on in years now, and don't see the
point anymore. I just hope they don't procrastinate, and get it into production. P/S, I did not work out all the different aquations, only the mechanical side
and the schematic drawings.