NUMBERS and LETTERS on RUNWAY? explained by "CAPTAIN" Joe
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- Опубліковано 10 вер 2024
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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel, today´s question is: What is the meaning behind the numbers and letters on the runway?
I´m sure many of you have seen my approach and landing videos here on youtube, and you might have wondered, what is that number and letter you see on the runway just prior touchdown.
Let´s first talk about the number.
We´re gonna have to cover some basic navigation first.
As we look at our planet earth we have the geometric north and south pole in each hemisphere, marking the top and bottom of the planet. But there´s no instrument besides GPS which could guide us towards these poles.
But the planet has it´s own magnetic field surrounding the earth, creating the magnetic north and south pole which are slightly off of the geometric poles.
Now you´ve all seen a compass, and you know that the needle always points towards magnetic north.
Now let´s look at this runway here, you can see the numbers 08,
let´s imagine you would draw a line all the way from the magnetic north pole down until it crosses the runway centerline. You would see that the two lines create an opening angle of 080 degrees. Meaning the runway centerline is 080 degrees relative to the magnetic north pole.
So why is there only a 08 on the runway? There are two reasons for that.
Let´s say the magnetic heading of the runway would be 084. Then it would be rounded off to the nearest tenth, so in this case, 080, leaving out the last zero, you have runway "Zero eight". But if you would name the runway "zero eight zero" could lead to misinterpretation as given headings are spelled the same way, like fly heading 120 for example.
Now as you sit in your plan on the runway, in this example runway 05 in Madeira you know you know your plane nose is pointing 050 degrees, so heading northeast, and your airplane tail is pointing + 180 degrees into the opposite direction, so the reciprocal runway should be? Yes, runway "two tree".
But more about that in the video :)
Thanks for watching, all the best your "Captain" Joe
Big thank you to the other youtuber who provided me with their great videos. Please check out
@SPOTTERNATION
@Josh Konrath
@dnhug
Background track:
Stellardone - In Time
I'm an air traffic controller. I appreciate the good work you do educating new pilots because let's face it...a lot of them become a headache for me lol
No one in the world explains better than Captain Joe!!!
exactly
PAV 2001 exactly he is the best
Yes joe has great communication skills
He’s the best explaining things. Would be a good teacher.
IsTheBest
2:48 "As you can see.."
No.. No, Joe, that is a terrifying chart, and I see nothing on it lol.
Bro he said 236 degrees only pilot can understand that
@@Timmy-ow7mr You know protractors exist and basically anyone that has gone to school has a rough idea how to use one, right?
@@abbysnowmist pretty sure anyone who’s gone to school could tell what a joke is 👍🏻
Easy way to calculate the counter runway. You see your runway for example 05 then you add 2 to the first number and subtract 2 from the last number. So we have 23 same goes for the other way around. If we have 23 we subtract 2 from the first number and add 2 to the second number which gives us? Exactly 05.
That´s how I learned it too :)
Thanks for the answer Joe. :D
Mind. Blown.
It seems you could also just add or subtract 18
Effectively what you're doing, I think "add 2 / subtract 2" falls apart a bit with runways 1, 11, and 19
This is The Best Channel on UA-cam , you deserve 5M Subscribers.
Thank you For your efforts Captain Joe.
I don't understand how he is still in sub 200k for so many months now. Captain Joe makes some of the best airline videos I've ever seen.
Pfff only 5M? I say 20M
@sidewayrussian
What is getting what is deserving in this hilarious life? :P
I think the channel will soon find the way, we are on youtube and not on the ruthless and awfully censoring facebook.
Well, for aviation geeks, it's definitely in the top 10, anyway. :)
because the amount of people interested in this topic isnt millions.
Someone needs to send this video to Harrison Ford
(and the difference between a runway and a taxiway)
Avi Tech Hahaha😄😄
Avi Tech hit the nail on the head.he did feel bad on the recordings
Avi Tech 😂😂👏🏻 Hhahaha
lol
I don't get the reference lol, can somebody give me a link to it?
I know all this but I still watch these videos because they are good
I know nothing of these, but i still watch because the videos are interesting. Just to get a glimpse how this magic called "physics" functions.
Same
I also watch ones like this to see how in depth he can go into explaining the the number is the magnetic heading (rounded to the nearest 10) and the letter is either R=right, L=left, C=center.
Runway tree tree? Just call it Runway forest :P
(Yes I know that's how you say it radio communication)
Haha ;)
Fyre Foxx Thats one of the easiest topics
Eli Audecho Maybe to someone who knows, because the reasoning makes sense, but you're not born knowing about the 360 degrees in a circle
That Aviator Whatever heading the runway is on is what the numbers will be
Pilot : Copy, landing the aircraft on the nearest forest😂😂
hi joe, could you maybe do a video about communication with air traffic control?
Seconded!
Thirded!
Fifthed,,,And subbed!
here's a brief lesson on the basics
all letters are said in phonetics, they all use special number (I listed them in the above comment), and over means you need a response, out means you are done coms and are not looking for a response, ill add a basic atc blotter to show it in use
ATC this is Charlie Alpha One Tree Fife Requesting Permission to take off runway Two Fife Right
along with that (yes captain joe made a vid on it but in case you haven't seen it) Mayday means major emergency and pan means minor emergency, all emergency statements are made in series of 3 ect, pan, pan, pan or mayday, mayday, mayday or even fire, fire, fire
@@midnightmtb *pan-pan
Really explained in a wunderful way - and always with excellent animations. Many thanks! Your videos are a perfect preparation before my first simulator flight in Airbus A320, a dream which fulfilled at the old age of 62 !
So informative for anyone interested in aviation. I thought I knew quite a bit from playing a few flight sims but the level of knowledge to be a professional pilot is quite amazing. Keep up with these brilliant videos.
Dunning kruger is amazing
Very useful topic, I didn't know that the runway's numbers are set with magnetic azimuth. I was thinking that the numbers and letters are randomly selected. Thanks, Captain, it helped me a lot.....!
"NEVER say runway thirty-three."
me thinking: "No, it's tirty-tree!"
Haha, gotta ya :)
it's technically Tree Zero Tree
I can't decide if I hear this in an Irish accent or a Jamaican accent 😂😂😂
Tree tree
The white runway paint is retro-reflective. It gathers the aircraft’s emitted light and returns it straight back to the aircraft for maximum conspicuity.
It does with with tiny glass beads called ballotini.
The airport in my hometown of Rochester, MN, USA (RST) has the only two runway numbers that are reversible: One runway is 13 and 31, while the other is 02 and 20.
Hi Pete, that has to be then. both the ends of the runways would have 180 degree heading differential. 310-180= 130 hence 13, and the other would have 200-180=20 hence 02. if its 13L then it would be 31R, and likewise the case with the other runway numbers
That is a coincidence. The difference between the numbers is always 18. Regards
I'm an English student who has discovered this Universe of Aviation. I practise with your videos!
DAL5170 and CPA1259. I'm a virtual airline pilot for Cathay Pacific and Delta and I while I know what most of your videos are talking about, I am glad you can explain them so well to those who wish to learn. I love to see other ways of explaining things.
My pleasure :)
love the fact that Joe makes these videos comprehensive which make them immersive.
Thanks :) Was fun making it ;)
Always a pleasure watching your video Captain Joe, soon I'll enter this career :)
Thanks :) Happy for you!
I have not come across any one with such an impressive and clear voice! !!!! Absolutely great!
Cheers Captain. You are a legendary Joe! Your explanation makes me feel safe! Safe in the knowledge that most pilots know very well their trade well equipped to deal with any scenario that may arise whilst flying.
i'm new here & can't get over how much detail you put into your videos. The animations and insert videos really help to explain what you are describing. Keep up the great work
Why is the sound quality of airplain radio so bad?
I know what you mean, but it´s much better wearing a headset. Greetings Joe
Captain Joe To be honest I understand nothing as I am just 14 year old passionate about being a pilot but the financial position of our house keeps me back..... :(
I've worn a plane headset, and the only good things about it are that it blocks out the sound and the volume is higher. Even if the audio is fully readable, it's still poor audio quality.
Many radio recordings we get to hear in media are created by amateurs, often using old and cheap equipment.
Few month ago I heard different recordings from an incident of a small non commercial plane which lost navigation and a commercial pilot who saw him and assisted. I had to listen to the amateur recording multiple times to understand it. The same recording from the chesna very noisy but I had no problems to understand it and the recording from the commercial airliner was even better.
because this is what the radio sounds like.. in transatlantic flights they use hf frequencies (close to what ham radio amateurs use) in order to communicate and it is far worse... all static and you can barely hear anything..
Captai Joe u are best... nobody explains clearly and louder than you. Many blessings again from Namibia Windhoek.
i want to be a pilot😔
Ya me to
mike kleine Same
mike kleine same
mike kleine same
mike kleine , you don't ))) bielieve me
They had to renumber a runway at Chicago O'Hare a few years back due to magnetic drift as well. They also dropped the left/right designation at the same time because the parallel runway was permanently closed as part of an attempt to decrease congestion.
Maybe you can do a followup video about runways in the north? Where they use true headings instead of magnetic. (Denoted on charts as °T)
Yes that´s the plan :)
Thanks Captain Joe - I never realised the numbering and the magnetic heading were linked at all, and just assumed there was some numbering scheme in place. Brilliant - even without a chart you could set your MCP Course pretty much on track with this.
Hi Joe
Very nice and interesting video. Your videos will definitely help me with my pilot training. I really wich I could fly with you one day. You would be such a great instuctor. Thanks again and keep up the good work!
Greetings from Belgium
Yannick
no offence , but if you didn't know these stuff already you're going to struggle to be a pilot.
Bro Im 15 and dont have any flight training jet
Your 17 now have you started training?
Your 17 now have you started training
I came back here to say thank you for helping me relieve stress about flying. I knew what most of the noises meant. I didn't expect the g-forces, even though I knew there would be a lot. I have now fallen in love with it! I even enjoy the natural turbulence. It is relaxing. (most of the time)
could you explain all the stripes on the runway tuvm
That´s a great question Thomas, I´ll see what I can do!
thx ive wondered this too. my guess is "target touchdown zone"
Thomas Reed A precision approach runway will have the following markings on the runway. 1. Designation (Numbers) 2. Centerline 3. Edge markings 4. Threshold bar 5 Threshold markings 6. Aiming point 7. Touchdown zone 8. If needed a Demarcation.
The threshold stripes are nicknamed The Piano Keys
Right!! That’s to cross the runway by walk...
Agree. This is the best explanation I had so far out of all the videos I watched. Thanks.
Captain Joe is so cool, I am a pilot, I know meaning of runway numbers and letters and I still watched the whole video
Thank you very much for your support dear colleague !
2:45 YOOO THAT ACCENT WHEN HE SAID "three" SOUNDS INSANE ITS JUST SO BEAUTIFUL
runway tree? sounds painful.
Thats the way its said over radio so its not confused with other words. This is also the reason why 9 is said ninER
That's how Radio Phraseology works. You say tree instead of three, and niner instead of nine. comes probably from old days where radio communication was not so good. And it works better with non native English people with an hard accent.
You'll hear German speakers saying "ein tzvo drei" rather than "ein zwei drei" for clarity.
actualy it is that plus the fact that numbers have to be clear for every one...
ie in germany "NO" is nein which sounds exactly like 9 in english.. so the number 9 is spelled nin-er to make it clear.
joe is a pilot and so he is used to speak the numbers in icao pronounciation.. a lot of aviation enthusiasts speak numbers in that fasion because it is more understandable..
8 can also be pronounced "AYT"/"AIGHT" in ICAO english. Learned that the hard way after mistaking "1008" for "1005" from an unclear transmission from ATIS.
You are the best when it comes to explaining stuff. What I learned is that it is not a good idea to build too many parallel runways.
Joe can you tell us about Long haul flights where do pilots sleep? Do they sleep in just their chair or is there a bed?
Great question!
Kamaranskie On some aircraft there are crew rest areas. Little four bed units for the flight crew to get some shut eye.
Kamaranskie i dont know for others but i think delta airlines pull their passenger from their seats and put the flight crew to sleep there XD.
some planes like the 787 dreamliner have a cockpit rest area. same for flight attendants. others you have to stay inthe chair, but i think some recline
There is a rest stop in the sky where pilots are switched out. No passengers are aware of this as it's a big secret amongst the crews. They don't actually stop per se but kinda push them out going about 100 knots and they bounce off mattresses. The new crew has to use bed sheets tied in knots to catch a hook trailing from the tail section. They then climb up and thru the APU door. If a passenger asks what the crew is doing as they walk thru the aft bulkhead the crews are instructed to say "Go back to sleep, we'll be landing shortly".
The paint is retro-reflective. It directs the aircraft light beams back to towards the aircraft.
How about a video on the airbus autopilot/flight director?
In the Making!
It's very simple in general terms, FD is the "brain" of the flight management system that takes into account every parameter of flight provided by the computers, while autopilot is the "muscle" moving the control surfaces. The "muscle" in takeoff and landing is almost always the pilot, as autopilot is disengaged. Sometimes there is the additional FD disengagement to allow the pilot to be also the "brain".
PS: I am just an aviation enthusiast, not even close to an aviation related job. Joe will surely give an amazing and more valid explanation. :)
I had no idea the numbers were that intense. I thought they were just numbers, no particular reason. This is really good information. Thanks.
Yes love the ending music!
(anybody know the name)?
Yes, Joakim Karud - Wish you where here
Captain Joe Thx Captian Joe! Appreciate it! Keep up the good work.
I wanted to know how to identify each runway if there are 4 or more parallel runways, and this video gave me the answer. What a nice explanation it is!
Tree?
Yup. Niner, tree and fower, that's how radio comm books tell us :
Just imagine an asian pilot spelling "th".
You get so many missspellings that you better all say "tree".
zeero, wun, two, tree, tower, fife, six, seven, eight, niner
fower* not tower*
JaeArk Os-cah, pa-Paa :D
Thanks Captain Joe. Not a pilot myself, but I appreciate learning from anyone willing to share.
can you tell us what and when do pilots eat when they are in the air?
Do pilots eat soup?
Ajinkya Pathania that's interesting! Is it to prevent both pilots of becoming sick, due to an possible food Intoxication?
+Kasra Mehr Yes, that's exactly the reason, possible food poisoning.
AviationGuy787 they drink coffee that's for sure
whatever the menu has, and that's why I always see Aegean pilots with permanent smile (also some time ago, some pilots and cabin crew, [I think it was from the yellow Tui] gone out of the airport [LGIR] and got gyros)
Thanks so much for these informative videos, Despite being a pilot of many years standing, I always hear something new from you!
Dear colleague, such words mean a lot to me, thank you very much for your support!
NICE VID !!! Thanks.
My pleasure !
I'd imagine a lot of airports in Canada have had to renumber theirs at some point too given that the geomagnetic north pole has actually resided inside Canadian territory for the last few centuries being closer to the pole makes even small variations have a larger effect I'd have thought.
what is the difference between ILS Y and Z ...??
Ossama Abdelbary It's the same approach but other missed approach prodecures for example.
different minimums and missed approach procedures
ZabaHD already mentioned it. its pretty much the same approach, with the same heading and the same glideslope. most of the time the only difference between the versions is the decision altitude and the missed approach procedure. sometimes there are differences for heavy aircraft. so an a380 might have a different missed approach procedure than an a320 or b737.
btw, if there are several approaches, z is always the oldest one. if a new one gets added it will be named y, then x , then w and so on..
if i remember correctly, they are basically same approach but with different procedures. and to save time and avoid confusion for pilots and controllers, they just give them a symbol e.g. x, y ,z
Basically, it's an approach procedure that share the same frequency (i.e. VOR, ILS, NDB...) but have (not as a rule!) different checking points (IAF, FAF....) and altitudes for crossing them so that every single IAL Charts is unique; also as mentioned, different DA, MDA and Missed Approach procedures might be issued, which makes Briefings very important! Good flights for all!
Best aviation teacher u deserve alot of subscribers tnx cpt joe
So captain joe does that mean there could be a couple runway 05's right? Because if one is at 54 degrees and another at 53 and another at 52 won't there be three runways with the same number already?
Correct!
And then they would be labeled RWY 05L, RWY 05C, and RWY 05R, but you wouldn't know from that which RWY is heading 052. 053, or 054
Edit: BC they all round to 050 so they would just be 05. Only the number indicates heading; the letters show the location in relation to parallel runways
As you saw in the video, there is published charts for every runway that tells the final approach course. You tell the final approach courses from the published charts, not from the runway designation alone. But how to correctly read all the information off a published approach chart is another lesson all together :)
Google this a lot of times, finally got the answer. Thanks Captain Joe.
so cool never know that a letter on a runway could mean something
Happy I was of some help :)
You just thought someone print them for fun? ;)
Captain Joe, just want to say thank you for the time and effort you put into these videos. They are very informative
like before watching
Thank you :)
I just can't believe how easy it is to learn with this video, you have made so much efforts to explain. Thank you so very much
Did they run out of paint? xD Nice One 1:44
Glad you liked that :)
It all makes sense now! Atlanta (my nearest large airport) has two pairs of parallel runways (08/26 L/R)/(09/27 L/R) and a newer one (10/28) that was built off to the south (this one is partially a bridge over the highway!)
Why do pilots pronounce 3 tree?
It's easier to understand on the radio. Especially If you have a lot of static interference on the radio an f or th can be quite hard to hear.
Check my video about the Pilots Alphabet!
i really loved it finally i knew why they are giving these numbers for the runways thanks a lot captain wish you all the best
I guess if the magnetic poles change, it should affect all the airports in the world. So, why did only Stansted change its markings?
Absolutely correct, Stansted was one of many airports over time :)
I have often wondered how runway numbers were assigned. Now that you've explained the numbering, it seems so obvious. Thanks for some great information.
"A bad look for London Stansted"
Well, Stansted sucks. LHR/EGLL ftw!
True, LHR rocks :)
xD
Thanks Captain. Your explanations are clear and to the point.
Your amazing man I wanted this vdo..plzzz reply
Cap you have a brilliant talent in teaching
Runway tre tre
I just found this channel yesterday. I’ve been binge watching ever since! You’ve got my engineer brain churning! Great stuff!
Captain Joe, thank you for covering this. I have been waiting for you to cover how the numbering rationale for runways. I've heard these numbers in many a atc comms and wondered why many airports have similar numbers for runways. Thanks for explaining and showing that there is a simple rationale.
My pleasure Edward, glad to hear I could help :)
Captain Scott is unforgotten!!!! Ganz Einfach!
Dear Captain Joe, I have never been a pilot and to become one now with 65 is a bit too much to ask for. But I enjoy every Video from you as they are very informative and enjoyable for me. With great respect to you and please keep up these Videos. Best regards from Australia.
Well done and Thanks Captain Joe. I always wondered what the markings meant.
Capt Joe... If I had seen and listened to you 25 years back... I should have been a pilot by now...
I already knew about the naming, still watched the video. Your explanations are really excellent and it feels good to see your video @Captain Joe
i love when you say three like german proninciation drrrei
Well, I´m actually pronouncing it the aviation way!
Thank you so much for your explanation, Capt! Have a good day!
Sir your Outtakes are the best , See you next week , your Captain Joe
and the next video should be about VOR+DME , Outer/Middle/Inner Markers and ILS :)
It´s the plan ;)
Very informative channel, being a aircraft maintenance engg. student all the videos are very helpful.
Thank you "Captain" Joe for this video. Very informative as usual.
Could you record a video explaining all you have had to do in order to become a pilot?? Since you left the high school until you became a copilot
His English is really good. Cheers to you mate
Excellent video, you are the go to man for this kind of information
I was about to skip the video thinking, "I already know about...", BUT THEN JOE TALKED. I LEARNED. Student.
What a positive guy you are! Thanks for your videos, Captain Joe. Keep filming. You are the best!))
thank you captainjoe for another excellent and informative video
Thanks :) Was fun making it ;)
captain JOE, keepin it real. Nice vid bud, gotta learn to edit like you
Joe, your videos are marvellous, superb!! I watch them regularly and with deep interest. The way you explain the stuff is very good. I've learned a lot from your video. Wish you best of luck. Hope to fly with you some day!!
This is your most informative video so far!! Runway markings were something that have always baffled me!!
Wow!! That was so interesting!! Thank you. I hope you go into pilot training one day. You explain things so clearly. xx
Yea same thing hapoend 20 years or so ago at Manchester EGCC Runway used to be 24/06 and now has 23R and 23L and 05L and 05R just thought I'd share thanks Captin For another great video!
Thankyou Cap. Joe for sharing the knowledge soon I will be entering this career!
Was looking for help with the runway numbers, thanks Captain.
YES!!! I have been waiting for this all time. Thank you Joe
I didn't know, now I know..hehe! Thank you Captain Joe fly safe and God bless you!!!!
I've always been curious about this! And one day I asked a charter pilot about it, and he couldn't answer me! Thanks Joe!
It depend on compass position. RWY 25, position 250 degree. RWY 25R (if there's double runway), R means right side.
Captain Joe explaining his knowledge for those people without any idea about the letter or number we can see in Runway. not for those people who better know than Captain Joe.
What an educating channel you have capt! Thank you so much
I have learn more through your channel... Here in Kenya/Africa