The Yamnaya Culture | Bronze Age Steppe Herders
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- Опубліковано 2 жов 2024
- The Yamnaya culture was a Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Pontic steppe (north of the Black Sea) dating to 3300-2600 BC.
Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: yamnaya is a Russian adjective that means 'related to pits', and these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (the famous kurgans - which we call barrows or burial mounds in Britain) containing simple pit chambers beneath the mounds.
In life they practiced transhumance, a type of pastoralism or nomadism where they spent winters in wooded river valleys and summers out on the grasslands with their herds.
The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and is the strongest candidate for the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language (of which English is just one of many descendants).
They possibly invented the wheel, they were the first (or almost) to domesticate and ride horses, and they invented 4-wheeled, ox-drawn axeled wagons that enabled them to drive herds of cattle across the steppes and carry enough water and shelter with them to do so.
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Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.
Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.
Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.
Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.
Aryan Invasion theory is a false and fake propaganda created by British colonizers to divide hindus. Watch Historian Abhijit Chawda to know reality.
the American west was briefly a parallel of the yamnaya culture with migratory wagon trains, small bands of horse warriors, surviving on the steppe off of hunting and cattle, and interacting with new and interesting people, the Cossacks were probably similar as well with their expansion into Siberia
Yes I agree with you, absolutely.
so they went to america?!
I think that is an extremely over-simplified comparison.
I've been thinking about this a lot lately. We accidentally created another version of the yamnaya with the Comanche and other horse tribes. Just as warlike and dominant on the plains.
I doubt it
This short video had more substance than the 51min long documentary I tried to watch made by NOVA before it. Thank you
That's great, thanks for watching Andre.
Exactly. Concise and interesting. This channel is going to do well.
@Poika you mean Indian genetics… according to Hindu nationalists and the believers of the Out of India Theory.
@Poika they say the R1A haplogroup originated in India and spread from there.
@Poika you can research Dr Frawley, Abhijit Chavda giving numerous evidences that the haplo groups consistent throughout the Europe and India came out of India. There are literary, linguistic evidences apart from the gene evidence which debunks the Aryan Invasion of India Theory and supports the Out Of India Aryan Theory
Nice one Dan
Cheers mate.
@Secret Guy thank you, I appreciate it.
Very Indo-European
@Justin 'J Money Show' McClure Seconded.
@Khushal mithra lol no Indians have R1b. your desperate cope has led you on a path of pure delusion
A salute to our Yamnaya forefathers.
"They ate Horses, Sheep, Pigs and male Early Anatolian Farmers."
I believe there is evidence of ritual cannibalism amongst the Neolithic farmers probably to do with mortuary rituals and their complex processing of the dead - defleshing and reinternments and the like. But as far as I know there's no evidence of steppe herder cannibalism.
@Owen Johnson I am norwegian, french, German, icelandic ánd Scottish Brown hair brown eyes, fáir skin. I have a high amount of Yamnaya DNA. Germany was also found to have 70% yamnaya DNA
@@Thekoryosmenstribepodcast nobody cares
@@DanDavisHistorylol he is saying because new research found out they replaced Neolithic farmer male heritage in just 2 decades , Europeans genetic research call it "stone age genocide in Europe" , according to new research their is 90 percent change they destroyed Neolithic farmers and force mixed with Neolithic woman
@@Thekoryosmenstribepodcast according to Ireland research ,fair skin have not origin in Europe but migrater from very east of middle East or very west of Indian subcontinent they origin and migrated around 7000bce , and around 4000bce whole Europe got mixed and became fair
This was a great supplement to "The Horse, The Wheel, and Language" by David Anthony, thanks!
I love that book! There has been quite a bit of genetics work in the few years since it was published that generally supports his arguments. Thanks for watching.
@Timothy Jones Why?
I like the style of these videos, lots of information delivered in a small space of time. I found you through Survive the Jive whom I've learned a lot from over the past couple of years. It's nice to see these subjects getting explored in such a coherent way
Thank you, I appreciate it! I've learned a lot from StJ too, especially the stuff on Paganism which I knew very little about originally.
Survive the jive channel is a joke. I would‘t recommend it, its too biased.
You are clearly just as biased, so why should we listen to you?
The Yamnaya were smaller than some of their immediate forebears, like the Dnieper-Donets people. Their large size was probably mostly genetic, from the EHG Dnieper-Donets ancestors moreso than anything else.
Yeah the EHG were on average 10cm taller than the WHG. That goes for the men and the women, both averaged 10cm taller. This is likely inherited from the Mal'ta-Buret' and related peoples of the Upper Paleolithic.
@@DanDavisHistory In the years after WWII young Europeans began to grow taller and taller. Not because their mother were fecondated by American GIs , but because they could eat more and better.
@@ezzovonachalm7534 also less and lighter work while growing, fewer illnesses etc. Height is really a combination of genes + nutrition + stress put on the body during growth.
@@ezzovonachalm7534It's estimated that my father was about 5 cm. Shorter than he should have been because of the war. The males in my family average about 174-177 cm. His height was, at best, 169.
@@lamebubblesflysohigh not work but injuries that come from work. doing squats isn't going to stunt your growth
Can we appreciate the irony of the nonliterate Yamnaya spreading their Indo-European language nearly 5,000 to 6,000 miles from west to east just because they had horses and wheels? Even the Uighurs in northwestern china are related as are all Europeans. They tended to wipeout the Neolithic male DNA wherever they went.
R and Q is Siberian Altaic Turkic dna😂R1A and R1B is not pure european s blood,Altaic mixed 🤣Uyghur Turkic are Q haplogoup,like Native american amazonian people,tocharian are Turkic(Uyghur)mixed🔊
@@azizyigidoare you acoustic ?
How many of the original Yamnaya do you reckon there were, roughly?
I don't know if anyone has estimated their population at a specific moment in time. We're giving the name Yamnaya to a series of interrelated groups across an enormous area - at least 1000km wide - over hundreds of years. Within this there's already regional variations between north and south and at the edges. But the technology of Neolithic farming - mainly cattle and sheep/goats and some planting and pigs in some places - filtered into the valleys from Eastern Europe and through the Caucasus and the ancestors of the Yamnaya like the Sredny Stog. They adopted this, invented wagons and wheels and this enabled them to utilise the vast resources of the steppe. They could now convert millions of acres of grass into meat and milk and it's likely the population expansion was one of the mechanisms for driving the migrations.
@@DanDavisHistory done one on jatt north indi
Surprisingly not that many (and that goes for every group). You could have only as many people as you could feed (and remember there was no refrigeration and no way of preserving perishable foods). So pretty much arable land + winter were your bottlenecks.
@@mr.purple1779 and if you look on population of herders around the world, it is always small
@@lamebubblesflysohigh Well, as a small one, these regions were controlled by nomads throughout history from the beginning of times to the 17th-18th centuries. It's more like a disappeared civilization. For example, chroniclers accompanying the Central Asian Aksak Timur report that after the fall of Bulgaria, 4 million sheep, 40000 thousand cattle, 500000 horses were stolen. Maybe the numbers are exaggerated, but the scale is still clear. 20 cities and 2,000 settlements have completely disappeared. And this is the beginning of the 14th century. If not for the dramatic historical events, there were many more people than the 6-10 million people of the minor ethnic group today.
The steppe culture and Yamnaya fascinate me. My Mtdna seems to come from there, it has been found in the kurgan burials.
My mtDNA as well!
Most of the Europeans are descendants of these brown skinned Indian looking Yamnya people.
@@phoenixj1299 They looked nothing like Indians
There is one glaring problem with the "Steppe" hypothesis. Every word associated with agriculture in Europe is of IE origin.
"Scythe"
"Plough"
"Wheat"
"Bread"
"Mead"
"Milk"
"Cattle"
"Wine"
All of these words are of Indo-European origin.. This suggests that the first farmers in the Near East who invented these words, are the Indo-Europeans...
The birthplace of Proto Indo European language is in modern day western part of Russia and Ukraine(Yamnaya Culture), that means the land that gave birth to Proto Indo European language is now a warzone. Hope that the Russo Ukrainian War ends.
Russians are not Slavs, but Finno-Ugric, and Ukrainians are Slavs, unfortunately in Europe most do not know this
they also spread new diseases which impacted the cultures they came in contact with and thus diminished those peoples and as such, the survivors adopted more of the invaders/migrants language and culture
This is my first time meeting another author who writes Bronze Age historical fantasy! So great to see. I know embarrassingly little about Bronze Age Europe, though. (I mostly focus on the ancient Near East, specifically Mesopotamia.) Definitely going to check your books out!
Thanks Eli, I appreciate it.
@@DanDavisHistorywhen are your books going to the near east? Read through the Thunderer in like 2 days as I thought for.some reason you'd already written like 2 more books after it.
North west Asian cultures were highly influential to the rest of the world.
They were indeed.
Pontic Steppe is part of Europe. Not Àssia
@@blyat5352 cope
@@ajmerthethy6724 East of the Urals is Europe, Pontic Steppe is east of that. It's Europe.
@Lukas Muller Yamnaya: ~ 50% EHG -> ANE + WHG -> brown skinned, black haired and robust. ~ 50% CHG -> black haired brown skinned Hunter gatherers likely of Iranian origins. Now tell me who is really mixed race.
Yamnaya moved into modern Pakistan from Afghanistan into Indus Valley which was mostly abandoned due to climate change. Indians should accept scholarly research rather than believing religious history.
I'm very glad that YT recommended this channel. I love human history in general so always keep my eyes open for interesting videos. Your concise clear presentation is really appreciated here.
I registered and look forward to view more of your presentations.
Thank you, welcome to the channel.
They had no writing.
It would be interesting to see your series go far back to Mal'ta Boy and his father, perhaps uncles, going back around 27,000 years ago near Lake Baikal. We are extremely fortunate to have a basal R* meaning this the deepest ancestry any male in haplogroup R can reach back to. Another interesting fact is how many Native Americans have their deep ancestry connection to Mal'ta Boy in South and North America. Just recently, the earliest haplogroup Q male found is on the near opposite side of Lake Baikal to Mal'ta Boy up the Angara River. Haplogroups R and Q are sibling clades under haplogroup P. There is entirely a possibility that people in Western Europe with haplogroup R are related to people who crossed over Beringia albeit very remotely as the move to North America from Siberia begins around circa 15,000 years ago, possibly earlier as there have been earlier findings of remains in various regions of the Americas before the rise of the Clovis Culture.
Yeah I will do that and in fact I have a video planned to talk about this link between west eurasians and native Americans. I'll do it after my next video. And it relates to my novel series Gods of Bronze because the "gods" in it are actually immortals who evolved in the Mal'ta Buret type cultures in the upper paleolithic.
Thanks I'm a Jewish haplogroup Q so will look into it.
Which language root clusters are you looking for?
A group Sex % Development Chain
Algonquin M 100% (A; E, O, N, S; T, W)
Sioux M 100% (A; N; T, K; H)
Sioux F 100% (A; W; I; N; E)
Luo F 100% (A; O; N, I; E, G, Y)
Polish F 99% (A; L, I; N; E)
Russian F 98% (A; I; N; L; R; E)
Basque F 96% (A; N, I; E; L; S)
Arabic F 95% (A; H; I; R; S)
Scot. High F 95% (A; I; R; L; O, N)
Celt F 94% (A; I; N; C; E)
Portugese F 94% (A; I; E; R; N, L)
Delaware M 94% (A; N; E; O; M, K, H)
Shona F 93% (A; I; M, E; U)
Sanskrit F 93% (A; I; H, R; M, T)
Hold Portal 93% (A; T; R; P; O, L)
Indian F 92% (A; I; R; N; H; S)
Delaware F 92% (A; W, H; Y; K)
Cherokee F 92% (A; H; I, E; K)
Detect Magic 91% (A; I; M; E; T; G)
Sanskrit M 91% (A; I; R; N, H)
Thai M&F 91% (A; N, I; O; S, R, P, H)
Hittite M&F 91% (A; I, U; T, N)
Arabic M 91% (A; I; R; H; M)
Hebrew F 91% (A; H; E; R; I)
Maori F 90% (A; I; N; H; E)
Choctaw F 90% (A; O; L; H, N)
Navajo F 90% (A; B, N; H)
SE. Ab. F 90% (A; R; N; I, L)
Other Am. M 89% (A; H; E; O; K)
Scot. High M 89% (A; I; H; O; L; N)
Hawaiian M 88% (A; I, L; H; O)
Algonquin F 88% (A; O; N, M; H, E, W)
Indian M 87% (A; R; N; H; I)
Inca M 86% (A; U; C; I; P)
Hungarian F 86% (A; I; N; R; L)
Gaelic M 85% (A; N; C; E; I)
Tahitian F 85% (A; T; E; I; R)
Tongan M 85% (A; T; L; E; U, I)
Kisii M 85% (A; O; I, M)
Kisii F 85% (A; O, R; N; M, E)
Other Am. F 84% (A; E; H; S; N; O)
Yoruba M 84% (A; O; E; N; I, D)
Chippewa F 83% (+N) (A, N; H, I; S, W)
Assyrian M&F? 83% (A; H, I; S; U, R)
Inuit M 83% (A; K; N, Q, L, S, O)
Berber F 83% (A; T; I; E; N)
S.E. Ab. M 83% (A; R; N; I; M)
Navajo M 82% (A; I; H; S, T)
To Observe 82% (A; E; R, I; S, N)
Fante F 81% (A; I; B)
Volcano 81% (A; N; L; U; I)
Saturn 81% (+S) (A, S; N; R, T)
Charm Person 80% (A; N; S, E; O)
Icelandic F 80% (A; L; R, H; T)
Nyakyusa M 80% (A; I; N, E; S)
Shona M 80% (A; N, I; R, D)
Apache M 80% (A; N; H; K, I; L)
Tahitian M 80% (A; T; I; U; E)
Yao F 80% (A; I; L; E; S)
African/Oth. F 80% (A; N; I; M)
Ngoni F 80% (+I) (A, I; N; T, E)
Mask 80% (A; M; K; S; U)
Plateau 80% (A; T; L; I, P)=
Middle Earth 79% (A; E, I; M)
Taboo 79% (A; T; U; B; I; M; O)
Yoruba F 78% (A; O; E; I; L)
Swahili F 78% (A; I; M; N; U)
Canoe 78% (A; N; K; O)
Maori M 77% (A; I; R; T; U)
Chippewa M 77% (A; E, O; W; S, B, H, N)
Armenian F 77% (A; I; R; N; O; E)
Dragon 77% (A; R; D; N; K)
Efe F 76% (A; T; E; I, O)
Cherokee M 76% (A; E; H; T; N; U)
Inuit F 75% (A; K; L; I; T, O, S)
Armenian M 75% (A; R; N; S, H)
Crow 74% (A; K; R; O; G)
African/Oth. M 73% (A; I; N; O; M)
Ibo M 72% (A; I, O; E; N)
Witch 72% (A; I; R; E; O)
Scot. Low F 71% (A; E; I; N; R, L)
Scot. high fam. 71% (A; M, C; E; N; I, R)
Swamp 71% (A; O; M; I; T, P, L)
Sumerian M&F 70% (A; I; N; H; S)
Balinise M&F? 70% (A; E; K, N)
Ewe F 70% (A; I, O; M; U)
Berber M 70% (A; E; I; U; M)
Treasure 70% (A; N; R, S; T)
Gaelic F 69% (A; I; E; N; H)
Finnish F 69% (A; I; L; R; N; E)
Samoan M 69% (A; L; U, I; E, F, S)
NW Ab. M 69% (A; U; M; N, I)
Zulu M 68% (A; I, N; M, E)
Papuan F 68% (A; M; E, I; R, N)
Etruscans M&F 68% (A; E; T; L; U)
Curse 68% (A; L; K; O, N)
Swim 68% (A; N; I; U; E)
Dungeon 68% (A; N; I; E; O)
Phoenician M 66% (A; R; I; S, H)
Hebrew M 66% (A; E; I; H; N)
Swahili M 66% (A; I; M; U; K, N)
Ngoni M 66% (A; M; L; E, I, O, K, N)
Xhosa M 66% (A; O, L; E, I)
Zulu F 66% (+N) (A, N; H; E, I, O, L, T)
Samoan F 65% (A; L; U, I; E, T)
Cave 65% (A; O, G; U; H)
Slave 65% (A; L; S; E; O)
Plough 65% (A; L; U; G; O; H)
Darkness 65% (A; I; N; R; T, E)
Ewe M 64% (A; O, E; M; U)
Ibo F 64% (+E) (A, E; I, N; O, U)
A. Egyptian M 63% (A; E; N; H; U)
Walls 63% (A; R; I; E; T, O)
Papuan M 62% (A; O; N; I; E; K)
Polish M 62% (A; N, E; R; I)
Scot. Low M 62% (A; R; E; I; N, L)
Mountain 61% (A; T, N; M; U)
To Weave 61% (A; E; T; N; U)
Tree 60% (A; R; O; E; T)
Coast 60% (A; I; T; K, R; E)
Hungarian M 58% (A; R; O; L; E)
Road 57% (A; R; E; T; D)
Island 57% (A; I; S; L; O)
Eagle 57% (A; R; I; L; G)
Finnish M 56% (A; O; I; E; R; T)
Copper 55% (A; R; E; M)
Oar 54% (A; E; O; R; I; S; U)
Efe M 53% (A; B; I, O, U, M)
Ring 53% (A; N; I; R; E; G)
Honey 52% (A; M; I; N; E)
Wheel 51% (A; R; O; L; K)
Tibetan M&F? 50% (A; N; U; I; E)
Spear 50% (A; I; N; O; T, H)
Reed 48% (A; I; R; D; N)
Mayan M&F? 46% (A; C; U; L, H)
Fire! 46% (A; O; I; N, U; G, E)
River 46% (A; I; E; N; R; O)
Fante M 45% (+U) (A, U; E, O, F, K)
Germanic M 43% (A; R; D; N; I; L)
Germanic F 42% (A; R; D; I; L; N)
P is an East Asian haplogroup, even though it's decentdent haplogroup R found among present day indo-european speakers.
In this land, the Donbass is located, where people have been melting metal for more than three thousand years. There are a lot of mounds, and ancient stone stelae. The black earth lands there are more than one meter thick. And a lot of coal, which lies almost on the surface.
I think the archaeologists will be interested there. But there is a war as usual.
So many comments confusing linguistics and archeology. Cool vid.
Thank you.
What a lovely voice you have. No ego. Perfect to listen to. Subbed!
You’d like North 02 as well.
There is an Indian youtuber out there who claims the Yamnaya were Indians 🤦♀😂
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 How could the conquest of Europe done by Indians, result in a high prevelance of blonde hair and blue eyes. It's the North-Western European groups that have the highest traces of Yamnaya and also have one of the highest frequencies of blonde hair and blue eyes. As if Indians (one of the darkest people on earth) spread around one of the lightest features in the world. Makes absolutely 0 sense.
@@RDB-mw9ig it happened in bronze age. Environment do effect. Plus in north west india you can find plenty of blonde guys with blue eyes. So it's in dna. Might be a miracle but i am judging this from only the images , they do certainly look a like from north west India.
Very good comment indo eurooean sister .jai hindi
They were 50% Caucasus hunter gatherer, so the Abhijit guy thinks they are indians. @@axpowrt3456
@@RDB-mw9ighow can uncivilized non sedentary white people influence anything in the Indus Civilization including Sandkrit. You don't even have evidence of having the ability to make houses. 😂😂dusional. Take the Indo out of European. It can't be both. Indo Europeans can't have Indo before supposedly going to Indus. What makes zero sense is the claim that roamers are the architect of the great Sanskrit much less the wheel. And wait😅😅they introduced bronze to Indus😂😂
Just found out I have Yamnaya dna!
If I had to guess the Yamnaya provided horses and wagons. To the point they didn't conquer but united whole groups who for centuries could only walk to get information across. So their language became a diplomatic/commerce language.
Could be part of it. But the decline of certain male farmer lineages shows that the steppe herders took over too.
@@DanDavisHistory Maybe the decline was caused by being cut off from the big trade networks?
Yeah that would likely be part of it. In some cases we see trade networks declining and being cut off before the steppe herders moved in. I believe there were disruptions in southern Europe that led to trade network collapsing and subsequent social changes in the Neolithic north. It may be that the decline in the Neolithic is part of what opened the way for the steppe herders to come in.
@Poika I thought it was a "my mound is bigger than yours, harder and more robust" oneupmanship.
@Poika Same reason as today, graves are not only for the dead but a beacon for the living.
And keeping with the Jones. The bigger mound meant more prestige and vice versa.
Prestige brings economic power and it goes into a positive feedback loop.
I'm of Brahmin heritage and my GedMatch genetic breakdown for ancient K12 heritage showed I'm mostly a mix of native South Indian and Yamnaya people. Which makes a lot of sense because the Vedas were written by people who were a mix of Yamnaya and Indian. The title Brahmin simply meant the class of people who were keepers of the Vedic knowledge. Very cool stuff !
just a foolish thing , can you digest milk like old yamnaya people and you have body strcture like them , and what about your steppe dna and that halogroup which they have
yes you have some but not only brahmin
Brahman is a caste and is not related to genetics. Read DD Kosambi.
@@pratikgore6536 False - ethno religious groups absolutely have trace genetic markers. How else are they able to distinguish between Jews who are sephardic, ashkenazi, or mizrahi ?
@@yodhin79 I am talking explicitly about Castes. Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, etc from a geographical region have the same genetic lineages. Caste is social division with a religious sanction.
Dna testing shows the yamnaya and Iranian nomads traveled to Southern India and eventually mixed with the South East Asians. They traveled far and wide. I also read how they came Into Europe removing the Neolithic farmers and taking the women as wives which gave way each new culture that followed them.
Except for one glaring issue
Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers..
"Scythe"
"Plough"
"Wheat"
"Bread"
"Milk"
"Cattle"
"Goat"
"Sheep"
"Swine"
"Wine"
"Beer"
"Mead"
"Wool"
"Hull"
"Paddle"
"Sail"
"Axe"
Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans...
Europeans were primitive before the Yamnaya people from Indian sub continent invaded Europe... They also brought civilization and their vocabulary to Europe...
@@weird_philosopher lol, Indian delusion finds its way into the comment sections.
@@weird_philosopherNews flash - you aren't the homeland of the Yamnaya. You got invaded by them. You are jealous.
@@weird_philosopherExcept the oldest R1a samples were found in Ukraine and Russia and they're dated 8800 and 10000BCE. The ones found in India are dated only 2000BCE. You got conquered. Stay mad, swarthoid.
@@weird_philosopher yes, like Phenicia or Minnesota. the most advanced civilizations in the world at that time. And the Indians were a horde, a gypsy horde.
yep it is reality some people hate to admit
Actually Europeans claim it as their own a whole lot more than native americans claim being conquistadors.
@@nagihangot6133 The Yamnaya themselves descend from eastern European hunter gather stock... so yeah, they were also Europeans much like the people west of them whom they invaded.
They lived in what is Russia, Ukraine , Caucauses...
Not really in the Caucusus, there were other peoples there like the Mykop.
The Yamnaya are derived from the Khvalynsk Culture and earlier Samara Cultures along the Volga River to the lower Ural Mountains. Horse scepters are found in the Khvalynsk Culture as well as rich horse burials. Although the Khvalynsk Culture did not domesticate the horse, it is likely the horse was revered as scepters, or staffs are signs of power. Horses have always been expensive and only the elite could afford to maintain them as well be trained to use them in warfare. Samara Culture has horse burials as well. Obviously, this would be a sign of respect or reverence for the animal versus just using it as a meat source. R1b is typical of Samara, Dneiper-Donets, Late Repin, or Khvalynsk Cultures. Interestingly, R1b is found in proto-Tocharian cultures farther to the east. R1a is predominantly found in Corded Ware Culture as well the back migration of Corded Ware to Arkaim-Sintashta Culture. I find it interesting that Nordic Mythology has a lot of similarities with Rig Veda or Hindu mythologies as well as R1a being more common in India and Iran than in Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, France, and northern Italy. R1b is mostly found today with Bashkirs (near the homeland of R1b between the Volga and Ural Rivers) and Western Europe.
Yes indeed, comparative mythology has informed much of the series, as has the migrations of the steppe peoples. In book two we explore the Corded Ware people and at the end of the series a thousand years later we will go to the Sintashta, along with many other places. While my series has been based on the work of David Anthony - the Horse the Wheel and Language and the Samara Project - and others regarding the early date of horse riding, I recently read a book by Robert Drews called Militarism and the Indoeuropeanising of Europe where he interprets the same evidence as Anthony and Brown but comes to different conclusions. One of the main ones is he argues horse riding was not common until after the chariot was invented. It's all so radically different to everything else but it's interesting nonetheless. I've stuck with my warrior elites riding horses in 3000BC however.
Aside from some Q1, I2, and R1a, all of the Khvalynsk results I've seen are some sort of R1b (xM269). That means, not M269 and certainly not Z2103 or L51.
Then Yamnaya moves into the area and almost all of the males are Z2103. So Khvalynsk was wiped off by Yamnaya
These people were a minority, who migrated or merged into the larger turkic groups who are the originator of horse back culture and warrior amazons.
Nordic mythology and hindu mythology are pretty much same if we see vedas but when the other hindu scriptures mentions the god they are pretty different. The hindu people ancestors actually came to india through migration. Their ancestor divide into two sect. One went iran and one into india. They were aryans. Aryans are also a part of yamnaya people.
@@sadikahsan2492
where did they got their name yamn from?! it's very hebrew very semitic very Arabic ben_yamn Benjamin
I'm fascinated by the cultures of this region, from the Yamnaya through the Scythians and beyond.
I hadn't made the connection that the Yamnaya might be associated with the origin of proto-Indo-European language. That's an exciting thought.
Yeah the Yamnaya culture is maybe a bit late for the proper PIE origin so it maybe was a bit earlier like the Sredny Stog but it was probably around this area and around this time.
Wouldn't R1B just be a hyrbid of R1A(early Kurgan) , Yamnaya and I-Hap (Scan-Pre Sami)?
PIE is definetlly more of a Caucasus mountains languages not really European.
Uralic is more similar to the Germanic langauges.
@@chibiromano5631 sorry but uralic language has no conection to germanic
The Trypillya I2 and the Seredniy Stih R1b/R1a and following the Globular Amphor I2, the Battle Axe R1a and the Yamna R1b might be the very group of cultures where the first Indo-European appeared.
@@milanvitu3963 Uralic have some Nordic connection proto germano slavic mix indo european scityians central asia Eurasia
We’re Pashtuns deprived from yamnaya people ? Can anyone get back to me if they know anything about this thank you 😊
48% Farmer, 40% Hunter Gatherer, 12% Metal Age Invader
Y DNA: R1b P312
MTDNA: K1a1b
Great video )
Hyper_Borea is
the forge of peoples!
The Yamna culture looks like that forge.
Thank you.
Agriculture provides an abundance of low quality food. You can produce a large population of people who will work the land, but they are not of the same caliber as meat eating warriors on Horse back. The young warriors could have had their pick of farm girls.
Yamnaya looked more European according to Survive the Jive.
More European than what?
His racialist ilk claim everything in history as "European". Don't believe the hype or the neo-nazis.
@@DanDavisHistory Like more European looking than say Turkic looking.
@@oneshot2028 well morden day research ( happened in 2019 ) says that yamanaya may had being wiped out Neolithic male population and they mix wiyh Neolithic woman and man were yamanaya
@@oneshot2028 so morden day European facial features is mix of those two Ethnicity , yamanaya did not looked like morden European ( atleast pure yamanaya )
Very interesting.
The Maikop Culture (where was born thst habit of funeral pits, and where started the bronze age) is mentioned, as well as some of their advantages....
Milk consumption, bronze weapons, use of horses, mobility (wheels) ...
Nation of gigachads
The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,” Reich told New Scientist Live in September. This supports Kristiansen’s view of the Yamnaya and their descendants as an almost unimaginably violent people. Indeed, he is about to publish a paper in which he argues that they were responsible for the genocide of Neolithic Europe’s men. “It’s the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived,”
So modern Portuguese are descendants of these guys?
I wonder what haplogroup I-Z58 was or did also it seems like over time the haplogroup changes? The number sequence changes
I love your bronze age stories. Videos too. Write more.
Thank you, I will do.
u should have put recent facial reconstruction of yamana people
Actually yamayas were Indian they invade today Eurasia Europe and made a new genital dna In short today Europeans are not ancient like they were 5500 years ago 😊
Wow thanks for this esoteric knowledge, tell me Mr. Indian man, where did you get this information ?
it's amazing that we even know anything about over people 3,000 years ago. really interesting.
Mostly conjecture.
A shame, looks like were being wiped out by bands of fighting males coming on boats and nobody is awakening that warrior ancestry in response. They say history is doomed to repeat itself, the frustrating part is if we all acted now we could repel this invasion very easily
I wish it could be solved the good old way and people were able to defend their land, but there is too much propaganda and people are everything but immune to it.
Brainwashed Europeans are focusing on ridiculous invented things all the while they keep getting smaller in number and replaced by incoming "people".
You mention the kurgans, corded ware people, or battle axe people... Are they related? As for whether they came as raiders is more than the absence of artifacts of locals after their arrival, it is the sudden construction of hill forts across europe at the same time that their artifacts become present. That would indicate to me that they were much more war like than the local europeans at that time.
The Yamnaya are possibly ancestral to the Corded Ware. Or the Sredny Stog people are ancestral to both, it's not completely clear yet. And the Corded Ware have local variants like the Single Grave culture and the Battle Axe culture. The timescales of the fortifications don't always line up with the probable dates of expansion in all areas. Personally I think it's likely the steppe herders did impose themselves on the settled peoples through raids - watch my vid on the Koryos where I talk about the process. But archeologist Robert Drews thinks the military dominance only emerged later, and the steppe dominated through economic competition only. Drews studies military prehistory so he's not a shrinking violet type. I think there were a range of interactions but mostly it was through raiding activities.
According to FTDNA estimates, my Autosomal DNA is about 44% WHG, 44% EEF and 12% WSH.
However, my Y-DNA Haplogroup is a branch or R1b, so my paternal line almost certainly goes back to the Yamnaya/WSH.
Basically Yamnaya men moving in to Europe, probably killing off most of the local men, and taking the local women for themselves, resulting in offspring who are the male descendants of Yamnaya but who's DNA is mostly from the original inhabitants.
Absolutely, that's what happened.
I have to do a DNA test for myself. I've researched and I think the best one is AncestryDNA one, but I'll probably get 23andme as well to see how they compare.
It's about a 3000 BC culture and a lot of 'woke' comments 😴
Heavy dairy diet + lack of lactase persistence, can't have been a pleasant combination lol
Ha yeah, well you're okay to eat butter and cheese and you can drink milk anyway even if you can't digest the sugars, there's still protein and fat available for nutrients and calories. Not all lactose intolerance is to the same degree. You can be lactose intolerant and yet not have any symptoms or you can be someone who gets terrible guts after a glass of milk. It seems as though milk was important to them culturally so it's likely they could still drink it without getting unwell.
The main reason I bring it up here is because I've seen theories that the Yamnaya developed lactase persistence and that's one reason they were successful and that's why European people have it today. But newer research shows that it wasn't that common this early and it developed later, maybe in the Corded Ware culture or even later than that.
@@DanDavisHistory Also you can drink kefir if you're lactose intolerant.
@@DanDavisHistory 23andMe predicts that both my mother and I test for lactose intolerance with a high degree of probability. And we are both okay with consuming dairy products.
@@seaxofbeleg8082 yeah but those tests are not always accurate either
@ben morton Can modern immune systems handle raw milk? Party time for brucellosis maybe ...
I'd just like to let you to know I thoroughly enjoy what u do the fact that u have books based off history with a fictional twist to fill in space is brilliant. Seriously man. Good work
Lmao i am indian and my paternal haplogroup is also r1a but i am somehow 5'7🤣🤣 the AASI gene really fucked me up
Got mixed with locals only Punjabi pashtun and few Afghan tribes have high levels of r1a
@@nx563 I am punjabi arora lol
@@harveyepstein8256lamoo and I'm jaat
Got here through STJ. Very nice work, earned a sub.
Thank you, I appreciate it. Check out the other history videos here and there's more to come. Cheers.
Dan? In the beginning there was a photo of a bead and tooth necklace, and some tools?
Are they needles and a hole punch for leather work?
Could be.
the Cucuteni civilisation invented the wheel and the Vinca civilasation invente the Cuneiform writing, defenetly not the Yamnaya and the Sumerians.
Good video. Its gotta be rewritten though😁 Im r1b-l21 probably just like you. During my research i found something remarkable. As im sure you know modern Europeans especially from Western Europe have 3 primary genetic lineages. A.N.E(Yamnaya) E.E.F (Early European farmers) & W.H.G (Western hunter gatherer). Here's the thing. A 28,000 year old Cro magnon man (paglicci 23) discovered in Italy has exactly those same 3 genetic ancestors.🤔 So when the Yamnaya spread out to India & Iran then down into Western Europe. They where just coming home😁 The study is out there for all to verify. Not surprising that main stream is keeping the findings on ice. They got to figure out a good lie first.😁😂😂 But 28,000 years of genetic continuity. Absolutely unbelievable. Imagine what else there hiding
Yamnaya horsemen interbred with corded ware women. Who raised those kids? The horsemen? And what language did the corded ware mothers speak? And what language did their children speak? The father's language? Linking Yamnaya to PIE is only raising more questions. Sounds more like a fairy tale. I'm not questioning the paternal link, but the language link is hypothetic at best. Robust horsemen wandering around Europe, making babies everywhere, with multiple women, and everyone started to speak like them? It doesn't sound very likely that babies start speaking the father's language instead of their mother's. It is more likely that corded ware spoke proto Indo European languages on a huge area of land and those languages were influenced by later ones, one of which was probably a language or more languages spoken by Yamnaya and others.
Hey and welcome to the whole DNA subject, where everyone thinks he knows the truth but in reality knows nothing. It's the zodiac sign equivalent for men.
When your raiding on horseback and they hit you with that dollar store defense
I've heard that in Spain they replaced 100% of the males...
That was the case for everywhere. They got rid of the males but kept the females. Though for Spain that would be Bell Beakers.
Around 75-90%. Basques and northerners have significantly lower paternal Yamnaya dna then those along the Mediterranean coast and in central Spain. This is because the Yamnaya struggled to conquer the groups in the Pyrennes.
@@maxg8766 that makes a lot of sense. The Basque origin and language seem to be a mistery. Maybe difficult to conquer due to the difficult geography...
You stuck in the 1900s ??? Show their accurate digital images!!!!
I don't think they where the first to live on the plains, but the first to have herds of horses and other domestic animals that needed to travel to new grazing areas all the time. Because of that they need wagons and horses, hunter gatherers could live there without that.
Yeah I'm just repeating what David Anthony says. As I understand it, there's no water sources on the plains for people to live there and the wagons allowed them to carry water out of the valleys in pots and skins in enough quantity to make it viable.
@@DanDavisHistory Thanks for the answer. Southern Ukraine/Southern Russian is not like that, it has water everywhere. And the Yamnaya are basically "Eastern Hunter Gatherers" (Genetically) from the Ice Age that where always there before they had horses and wagons. They always lived there they just learned how to domesticate horses and build wagons ("Just", of course it was revolutionary at the time). That is why they had a robust built; they where almost Cro Magnon-people.
You can watch my video on the Pitted Ware where I talk about some of this. The EHG were a Mesolithic population descended largely from the Ancient North Eurasians of the Upper Paleolithic. The EHG were on average 10cm taller than Western Hunter Gatherers but they were slightly built. The EHG of the Mesolithic lived in the valleys utilising the dense resources there
@@alicelund147 Yamnaya people only 45-50% (maximum 60%) consisted of EHG. Almost half of their genome was of CHG origin...
Dan what are your thoughts on the Cimmerian people, some of which went into Anatolia etc. but what is your thought of some of these folk, in their migrations westward coming into contact with and comingling with the Halstatt culture, or proto-Celt, perhaps the mixing of these cultures developed into what we commonly think of as Celt, with chariot and horse use. The research into Y haplogroups is a fascinating thing, my own is G2a, EEF or Anatolian farmer not unlike Otzi, my paternal line "Hamman" came from upper Rhine region to the colonies here in America in 1740s, so that westward migration was still apparent, and is a fascinating study in and of itself.
This is brilliant. Thanks for this. If you could recommend some readings on the yamnaya people. I am particularly interested in their influence of Vedic culture in India.
Thank you. I would recommend The Horse the Wheel and Language by David Anthony, I believe the link is in the description. But how much direct influence the Yamnaya had on the Vedic culture is debatable, there's a long time between the two and it may have been a closely related so-called sister group that was directly ancestral to the Vedic culture. But certainly the complex milieu of the steppe cultures in the Bronze Age led to a series of eastern migrations and the Vedic culture.
The Yamna people-R1b is the personified Vritra. The Battle Axe people-R1a is Indra. The Indra people pushed R1b people mostly westwards. It's the Rigvedic context of the case, I think
I'd also recommend David Reich's "Who We Are and How We Got Here", to check out the paleogenomics of the spread of Yamnaya genes.
@@betelgeusestudio_1369 yep people don't understand that their was great war between them , and vedic culture never influenced from yamanaya , from rigveda era term asur and danav is used for Anti devta ( vedic gods ) , asur is aesir and danav belong to danu ( Danube/ don river )
@@betelgeusestudio_1369 as winners written history , we are the only people recorded this history , even the term srbinda ( srbenda/Srija) mean deafeater in rigveda ( but term proudly used by Serbians ) it is more likely vedic people influenced the north asia and European culture not yamanaya
Thanks so much for this. I have been researching the history of the Black sea region in an attempt to discover the historical roots of the current conflict and this is useful background information
I've decided when people ask me where I'm from, I'm going to answer, "Yamnaya".
4:24 does anyone know why #4 says “‘Yamnaya’ Beakers reach Iberia” while pointing to Calais?
it's astounding that you are able to cook so much of story with so little of information available. I am sure you would be able to tell us their names , the language they used even their sexual preferences! Keep up with your magnificent story manufacturing
Yamnayas are descendants of biblical Togarmah - Gen:10:3
I like how when a people are discovered or mentioned from history do to archaeology or were discovered people from the a new land, Jews, Christians and Muslims rush to see who they descend from.
I wonder why that is.
Chad pastoralist vs virgin agriculturalist :D
Ok ! Evenin Britain! Everyone Mosh Yamna! Rock out!
Do a video of the Proto Semites?
I'm interested in the topic but I don't know anything about it I'm afraid. I will learn eventually so maybe one day.
@@DanDavisHistory
yamnya were semitic I have the prove by the semitc were white race didn't these people came from ukraine and Russia?! then why the ancient towns there have semitic names?! oman in ukraine?! teman?! also there is ancient town in russia tyman = teman ironically there is river there called torah!! ancient semitic existence in Russia is uncanny
I think pubjabi males are R1A andronovo
We all have 4 grandparents... Each one born with an individual last name. If you collect all 4 you can figure out your general heritage. Especially if you take 1 step further and do same for each grandparent then you have a set of 16* ...
My four are
Hurtgen
Graur
Turek
Schindler...
Well I'm obviously German.. But have sprinkle of polish & Irish blood in my fam tree ... I also am very good at discerning where a last name comes from.. A hobby I developed and practiced for decades now.. So I love discussing this and teaching my friends where they come from
One of my favorite channels, hands down.
Thank you! Appreciate that enormously.
2:58 insane skull. they did something right
Gog MaGog = Yamnaya
Its like you're reading my dna......
Did you always love camping and horse riding and crushing your enemies, seeing them driven before you, and hearing the lamentation of their women?
@@DanDavisHistory
You can read my mind?
Ive become more civilised by the sikh gurus, or maybe i was pacified?
Heres what ive found since the last 2 years
Hititte
Mittani
Arayan
Persian
Parthian
Saka , scythian
Greek
Parthian
Xiongnu
Yuezhi
Kushans
Hun
Kidarites
Hephalites
Uiyghur
Jatt
#PopulationPercent
Baloch 40
s-Indian 27
NE-Euro 14
Caucasian 13
Siberian 2
Mediterranean 2
American 2
@@DanDavisHistory
Using gedmatch and mytrueancestry
.com
@Unknown Sapien
Yeah, looks like it, my first " Indian " ancestor is jew india around 800 ad, then indian
The swat vallet are pathan, burusho etc
beautiful, thank you
A great video for introducing the Yamnaya to 'newbies'. :)
Nicely done.
Thank you. Yes these videos are primarily for my fans so they can better understand the world of this novel series.
@@DanDavisHistory Quality work. You could make a pretty good living on UA-cam from these types of vids. :)
(I know! Writing is a monkey on your back and you can't let it go. :D BTDT.)
I think maybe 5 years ago you could but I believe all but the biggest UA-camrs make peanuts from the channel. But I do enjoy making them and hopefully it will keep growing and who knows? Thank you for your support, I very much appreciate it.
@@DanDavisHistory
why did they called them yamn very semitic very Arabic
Very nice video, maybe you could do one on Steppe Maykop and Vonyuchka/Progress, or perhaps Fatyanovo-Balanovo, and their replacement of the Volosovo and Lyalovo cultures, located in present day European Russia? One of the Volosovo samples (BER001) had Y-DNA haplogroup Q1b-L54>pre-L804. This probably explains why Q1 is widespread throughout Europe (though at very low levels), it was originally an EHG lineage spread by the Indo-Europeans, like R1b-M269, R1b-V1636, R1a-M198, J1a-Y136727, and I2a-L701. Q1a-M25/Q1a-M25>YP1669 and Q1a-F746* were discovered in males from Eneolithic Khvalynsk, while Q1b-Y2700* was found in a Mesolithic male from present day Latvia. And lastly, Q1b-Z5902>FT380500 appeared in three Afanasievo males and one early Bohemia Corded Ware male.
Thank you, I appreciate it. Sounds like you know more about this than I do but actually I will make a video about the Maykop because my story the Wolf God takes place when men of the steppe go south into the Caucasus in about 3000 BC. It's a fantasy story but that's when it's set. I might also make a video on the Sredny Stog and the possible early migrations into Europe that start forming the Corded Ware. And yeah for sure I will be making videos on the Fatyanovo and the later migrations east across the steppe because that's where the book series will end up. But that won't be for quite a while yet.
@@DanDavisHistory Very cool, I wish you all the best with your work, this is the stuff books, movies, and video games should be made about. This is how strong societies raise their young people, with the adventurous tales of their ancestors. We need more 21st century Byrons, Kiplings, and Robert E. Howards, authors such as yourself.
That's very kind of you, thank you.
I am R1b-M269. I would be interested in other information you have on this group.
Yamnaya weren't necessarily R1a or R1b, they were generally R group which R1a migrated to east europe and south asia later than R1b who went to conquest of Europe.
Жаль, что ваших книг пока нет на русском языке. Очень интересная эпоха.
I think the Yamnaya are proto Gog and Magog
Its basically Russia
So the Yamnays were the first ones who industrialised this planet with horses and wheels.
Dutch word for " BROTHER" = BROEDER (brooder), shortened " BROER".
I am from north india west up bijnor my dna is R1a
your ancestors are from Ukraine
The Yamnaya did NOT domesticate horses, nor is there any evidence that they used cattle as draught animals. All modern domestic horses are descended from animals domesticated in the Pontic Steppe area around 2200 BCE and the hundred or so years after, hundreds of years after the Yamnaya disappeared from Central Asia. No horse burials or horse remains indicating domestication are associated with Yamnaya. Their wagons seem to have been pushed via the cross pieces on the shafts by the men.
If that were the case, no wonder the men looked like horses (robust thick bones).
Recent reconstruction of Yamnaya tribe show a close racial similarity between them and the indians.
Hindu nationalist propaganda
@@jackparker8602 prove
Iranians to be specific.
@@Sudeep.ManerkarAsk the OP for proof
The Yamnaya never came from India if that's what your suggesting
Could’ve mentioned the maternal haplogroup as well.
I am one of the rare people of Irish decent who aren’t R1b, instead being I1 (probably brought to Ireland by Norse raider and/or settler), which was kind of disappointing to be honest. I always fancied myself as a steppe man more than a mesolithic hunter, but both are neat heritages, and autosomally I am still far more Yamnaya than Cro-Magnon
With a very high probability, your I1 is a distant descendant of Scandinavian settlers, or maybe it was brought during British colonization, since it is quite common (well, relatively - 10-15%, and sometimes 20%) among English people. But not necessarily (not exclusively), since at least one sample of this haplogroup was found in the remains (among about 20 samples) of the La Tene culture from the territory of modern France (and they, were known, to be Gallic Celts). This means that this haplogroup was not peculiar only to the Germanic peoples and the territories of modern Scandinavia in particular. Do not get disappointed about this, because all modern men with this haplogroup come from a common ancestor who lived in the Bronze Age (the early Bronze Age, most likely) and practically all of them (from people living in Europe and those of European origin) have no less, and sometimes even more 'steppe ancestry' (autosomal) than modern carriers of R1b. Yes, in the end, carriers of I1 have a connection (in the direct male line) with hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic era, but carriers of R1b (as well as R1a) also have a connection with Mesolithic hunter-gatherers - only not Western, but Eastern... It was later (in the Neolithic) that they, having mixed with Caucasian Hunter-Gatherers and Early European Farmers, became Western Steppe Herders (who were Proto-Indo-Europeans). Modern haplogroups (especially if you pay attention only to the Y-chromosomes, without consider mitochondrial DNA) do not indicate who you are by blood, but only give some insight of ancient migrations.
I think those were my peeps.
Clark Donald Smith Richard Walker Richard
OUR GREAT ANCESTORS. I love them
I love the vids my man! Keep it up. Longer ones are the BEST! You keep kicking ass brother and thanks from Oregon US
Haplogroup J is in that group as Europeans
Yamnaya Stronk.
Can you do a video on the Cro Magnons and The Book of Enoch and the Nephilim and how the Cro Magnons had no Neanderthal DNA despite living in Europe for at least 30,000 years and is the story of the Nephilim talking about the interactions between these 2 very different people at the end of the Pleistocene. We dont know where they came from, how they evolved into who they where and very little is published about them, they seem to be glossed over with no one really doing a deep dive into what these people where about and ultimately what happened to them. Also are they being talked about by Plato when describing Atlantis as the story of the Nephilim and the people of Atlantis seem to be very similar, they where looked upon as gods who fornicated with man which ultimately led to their demise, how is it possible for them to have no interaction for 30,000 years with people with Neanderthal DNA id love to hear a theory of how this can be explained...
They didn't like manlets
I remember seeing something before which maintained that, while the Yamnaya bred and ate horses, and definitely used wagons, they didn't fully domesticate large numbers of horses, as in the Yamnaya culture, horses were used more for food than for transport, and that the use of horses in warfare was only in its embryonic stage. Is this correct? Apparently, all the words related to wagons and wheels in other neighbouring Eurasian languages are cognates after the Yamnaya period, which is the strongest evidence that the Yamnaya are the originators of the PIE language.
Have you seen the horse domestication video on this channel? ua-cam.com/video/AMHqp0M0T4Q/v-deo.html
There is another argument that it was the Maykop who developed wagons and who originated the PIE language. I don't think it's right but it might be.
@@DanDavisHistory Thanks for the link, Dan. Will watch....