Why It’s HARD To Bring A New Apple To Market
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- Опубліковано 6 вер 2024
- Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! twin-cities.umn...
Fruit trees are unpredictable and grow slowly, and consumer tastes are fickle, so successful new varieties of fruit are rare.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons / minuteearth and our UA-cam members.
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To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
grafting: joining together a cut branch with a cut root of the same species to produce a new individual
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Peter Reich
Script Editor and Video Narrator: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) and Sarah Berman (@sarahjberman)
Video Director: Ever Salazar and Alex Reich
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, David Goldenberg, Julián Gómez, and Arcadi Garcia Rius
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: / drschroeder
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References:
Hoying SA, AM DeMarree and MM Sazo. 2012. Successful Apple Grafting Techniques for New York. New York Fruit Quarterly 20 7-10.
Janick J. 2005. The origin of fruits, fruit growing, and fruit breeding. Plant Breeding Rev. 25:255-320.
Luby JJ and DS Bedford. 1992. Honeycrisp apple. Minnesota Report 225-1992 (AD-MR-5877-B)
Minnesota Landscape Arboretum. 2019. Fruit Breeding. University of Minnesota website. arb.umn.edu/hor...
Seetin M. 2018. 2018 U.S. Apple Crop Outlook and Overview. usapple.org 42 pages
Tadesse W et al. 2019. Genetic gains in wheat breeding and its role in feeding the world. Crop Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics 2019;1:e190005. doi.org/10.209...
Yamamato T. 2016. Breeding, genetics and genomics of fruit trees. Breeding Science 66:1-2.
Viewer support is the most fruitful way to make MinuteEarth possible! Want to become our Patreon or member on UA-cam? Just visit www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth or click "JOIN". Thanks!
This video is torture for people with misophonia. Couldn't watch it completely.
@@shini426 Came here just to say the same thing. Sorry, I had to click off after the second bite :(
You are one of the only people that eat an entire apple
And too bad noobs
MinuteEarth You’ve got to try a MACOUN APPLE & you’ll never go back to the McIntosh. I loved eating McIntosh apples until I was introduced to a MACOUN Apple. I never went back. That was about 40 years ago.
Considering how rare new apples are, it's weird how you didn't mention Cosmic Crisp which just launched this year
Maybe he approached them, but they weren’t willing to pay enough sponsor money?
Cosmic crisp? Does it grow in space?
@@Manganization It has a speckled pattern that reminded the breeder of constellations
I think it is hilarious that on cosmic crisp’s website, the first thing it tells you is that it is classically bred (without gene modification) and also goes out of its way to keep calling it “Cosmic Crisp®”
CursedUsername stop disrespecting my state apple
How *crunch* are *crunch* you? *crunch*
Agree! So disgusting. First time I have disliked one of their videos.
@@greensteve9307 what's disgusting with chewing? We ALL do it
I cannot *ppptt* understand *ppptt* your accent *ppptt*.
Steve you disliked a video because of the way they styled the video? Ok then.
@@ratman6754
When something they deliberately included made me start to feel sick, that’s a good reason to dislike.
Did... Did you just eat the core...?
I hope so.
the core is an entire section of apple that you can eat! And it reduces waste to eat it, too
You can eat everything except the stem. Most people don’t because the core is more fibrous, but fiber’s good for you.
Personally I’d suggest starting from the top or bottom of the apple so you get a little core in each bite, rather than working from the outside and your last few bites being all core.
@@Magic_beans_ try to avoid the seeds though, those are bad for you (at the very least don't bite them)
@@Daniel-yy3ty u'll have to eat over 250 seeds to ingest enough vitamin b17 to release enough hydrogen cyanide to kill an adult so it mostly ok. (200 seeds if you grind them into fine powder)
@@fishby8070 good to know, didn't look for a LD50 for it :D
From the title, I assumed this video would be about the new “Cosmic Crisp” variety launched this December, which is itself derived from the Honeycrisp.
Yep. Same thing I was thinking. But at $3.45 at my local supermarket, the Cosmic Crisp will not be making into my refrigerator anytime soon.
Was looking to see if there was a Cosmic comment. Have tried them and they're good but really expensive compared to Fuji or Gala... And since my kid can't tell the difference I'm not shelling out that kind of money!
...but it wasn`t...
Crimson Crisp is a slightly tart version of Honey Crisp that I’ve seen appear in more orchards near me and it’s also fairly new and very good (at least to me). Maybe the Cosmic Crisp is like that too?
That's what I was expecting too. I still haven't found one to try.
The most recent apple is called the Cosmic Crisp. I've seen them at my local supermarket, but have yet to try one.
Quite good. A little thicker skin than the honeycrisp, but suuuuper tasty!
they are pretty good, An orchard nearby me had their first-ever harvest of them this season so I got a fresh one.
Unsure if they've made their way to the states but the bravo apple was only introduced within the last year or so. They're purple in colour, very sweet and crunchy and have a lot of appley flavour compared to other apples
@@HuyLy94 If they have made it stateside, I haven't seen 'em in my neck of the woods.
@@Chaos89P I looked them up and apparently they were developed by the Western Australian Dept. of Argiculture and only grown in there so it might be a while before they're available in the US, they are by far the best apples I've had but
There actually is some flavor drift when farmers graft. The Red Delicious doesn't taste like what it once did because of branch selection, but it's slow and almost unnoticeable from graft to graft. Over time these changes add up and you can get a watered down apple like the Red Delicious.
AdaptiveReasoning red delicious should be put down. Its the worst fruit by far
@@baqcasanke But it's my favorite type of apple!
@@shriihanmukherjee6502 probably not every single one brought to market is a victim of this drift...
@@baqcasanke I agree. They were developed to have a thick skin to hide bruises!
Are you saying modern Red Delicious is actually a mealy, tasteless, disgusting bud sport of the original tree?
Wow, I didn't know how much I would hate the sound of someone biting into an apple during a video. Now I know I really hate that noise.
I couldn't even get through the whole video...hearing the narrator talk with food in their mouth was driving me nuts
Good to know I wasn't the only one who didn't like the sound. Kinda felt queasy hearing that sound.
Thank you! That was so annoying! Glad I'm not the only one
I also quit. Don't eat with your mouth open, sure as hell don't talk with it full
I didn’t mind it, thought it gave the video flavour.
This makes me feel good about always buying a wide variety of apples. Like I'm supporting all the effort that went into producing each different varietal.
People who dont buy multiple varietys of apples are seriously missing out . When someone says they don't like apples I bet with 99% certainty what they are saying is that they don't like the variety of apples their parents bought when they were young. Because I always thought I hated apples until I grew up and bought a different variety of apple that ironically enough the McIntosh apple and I realized I actually do love apples as long as the skins dont make my gums bleed like McIntosh apples do
I liked the video, but the biting sounds were incredibly annoying and distracting after the first one.
Hard quit out after the biting became a recurring theme
I wish you’d mention how DNA analysis can shorten the time needed to bring a new variety to market. Breeders will create thousands of seedlings and test the DNA of those seedlings and look for specific genes they know are associated with sweetness, crispness, longed shelf life, disease resistance, etc. they will then let these newer seeds develop into adult trees to produce fruit, often eliminating 7-10 years from the development process.
Yeah and it really doesn't take 10 years for a serious breeding programme to figure out whether an apple is worth eating. Seedlings get speedrun through their juvenile phase and then get grafted onto a precocious rootstock, giving you the first fruit in maybe 3 years. That's still a lot longer than with wheat but this "10-20 years" meme is ridiculous.
I thought that the video was supposed to be a clever quirky twist on Apple’s influence on the world
Instead, I got actual apples
"How apple made a big splash"
If I drop this apple into a pool it splashes because it is heavy
@@finn596 XD
69th like
How
I love the video...
but why the biting and chewing sounds :(
Ugh, I know, that was driving me insane
ikr, I was kinda feeling a little annoyed.
How?
I like the sound
That legit made me angry
What I saw of this video was awesome as always. Wanted to listen to the whole thing. Can't stand hearing people eat into a microphone, though.
I can't eat apples in a public place because I hate it so much when other people do
I was actually amazed how well he did the full mouth thingy!
Yea I didn't enjoy that part
@@stephan935 I doubt he was actually eating throughout.
That bothers me, I had the nails on a chalkboard thing listening
I think this whole video is just Alex's way of flexing on his delicious apples.
Very interesting and informative, but don't do the eating bit again, please.
Just sell them with super high mark-up, it will surely help.
Yes the free market solves every shortage problem
LOL, nice
We do. That's why honeycrisps / pink lady / piñata apples go for a premium. They're new hybrids and we currently don't have enough orchards for those apples. Mcintoshes / Granny Smiths are very cheap right now for this reason.
@@theultimatechad626 he was talking about Apple computers and smart phones...
@@thePronto Dang I didn't realise either, guess I'm getting wooshed now
Thanks, I just learned a lot about holding in vomit. I'll bookmark this video in case I need to hold in more dinner at some point in my life.
eventhough its an interesting topic, i just couldnt finish the video because of the eating noises
*bites into apple* you should chill dude
@@manastiwari324 Misophonia, google it.
@@shini426 **another bite with chewing noise** nerds
Perfectly understandable. I barely managed, and will not watch it again.
Why did you have to chew so loud ?? Duuuuuuude
It was a silly idea for this script :(
nah just close to the mic
@@You2oob terrible
Great video, except I don't wanna hear your mouth sounds. Please.
Second that.
ASMR in a nutshell
nearly threw my phone across the room multiple times because of it
This was the most sonically unpleasant Minute video I can recall watching
Because Apple products are overpriced.
True
What's the difference between an iPhone XR and an iphone XS MAX?
the name. Everything else is the same.
@@jugemujugemugokonosurikire4735 The newer one is also probably more expensive.
And made to easily brake! And deliberately prevent repair! :D
Both the meterial one, and organic one
Yo this video is a NIGHTMARE for anyone with misophonia.
Wtf is that
That sounds like the fear of apples
It’s a condition where people have negative reactions to certain sounds *such as apple biting*.
@@annadoesroblox6205 oooohh i get it now.......
Screw that guy scraping a fork on a plate
His chewing and crunching sounds are some of the worst I've ever heard
Another thing to note about grafting is that it has been found to cause gene transfer between the host tree and the grafted branch, meaning that for trees of different cultivars that have been grafted together, they are all GMOs and transgenic from that process. A perfectly natural process, much like how genetic engineering using Agrobacterium is perfectly natural.
I normally watch and rewatch your videos over and over. Even though I'm on a binge right now, I'm avoiding this video - because you just had to eat in the audio! AGH!
Ahhhhhhh I can’t stand those apple bites! Just do the video!
Could more reliable apple varieties be developed by genetic modification or is that just a non-starter in the marketplace?
On, Wisconsin. 38-17
It brings the same problem with it. Although we do have the technology to do so, we are unable to be 100% sure what will happen before we actually plant them, especially how they will taste. It is possible to genetically modify an apple tree to be resistant to a disease for instance but we can't predict it's taste. With vegetables this is often done by just growing the vegetable and testing the flavour once it has grown but if you need to wait 30 years before knowing how tasty the apple will be... That brings some obvious problems with it that the video already explained. And that is assuming that the gene works perfectly and the tree has accepted it and is using the gene (or expressing the gene). It has already been done but less extensively than with vegetables
OP's comment sounds like how the flavr savr tomato got started.
@@mariovanderwal1695 Not to mention the stigma of having it be a GMO product. Might make such a product a hard sell to a weary market.
@@Rudofaux We already have one coming to store shelves soon, the Arctic Apple! It is an apple designed without the normal browning agent. In this very limited case, it was more removing something than adding it, so wasn't playing with the dice of taste :D
@@BeCurieUs Aye, but removal of some gene can also alter the taste. I'm not going to claim it tastes bad, hell it might be the best taste from an apple known to mankind. I'm saying that GMOs has gotten a bad reputation & therefore stigmatism of GMOs might be a hard sell.
People that care for freshness & flavor are also the ones that buy organic & don't mi d paying extra. Those that don't are the one that buy whatever is cheaper & won't spend extra just because it last longer.
hasn't anybody thought you to not eat while doing voice over
That was the most disgusting apple bite I have ever heard. It actually made me feel sick just listening to it. Don't do that ever again!
The apple eating is very disturbing. Once was enough
I loved it.
@@SmarterEveryDay2 same. made me hungry for an apple and im not even crazy about them
I also loved it
Don’t know why some people hate that sound tho
@@bluelightning3290, misophonia; a strong reaction to certain, and repeated sounds (i.e; chewing, pencil tapping, dripping water, ect ect)
Yep
Anyone else get violent urges when he was chewing out loud?
YES
Its called misophonia
@@ShutItKyle Or just, yaknow, disliking people chewing into your ears?
Which is called mishphonia
His sound especially obnoxious and disgusting
0:08 Too crunchy for my taste ... and I don't like the plastic bits ... or the keyboard. Tho the keyboard is better than from the 2016 MacBook pro ...
This reply was typed on a 2016 MacBook Pro.
@@hilepic9624 It's a shame, you buy such an expensive machine and not using it much. (otherwise it would have broken already)
Liked the topic but the apple-eating was distracting and unsettling :(
Honestly, I really liked it. I think that really added feel to the video instead of feeling like a lecture.
While I understand it matched the theme, I really disliked the eating of the apple throughout the video. Still really informative though
Nah, Honeycrisp is the master race.
Damn straight. Macintosh are basic AF
Honeycrisp is an amazing apple. Sweet beyond belief, crisp as anything I've eaten, and drip-down-your-face juicy. The most recent "development" with the cosmic crisp isn't anything to write home about. Tart flavor, which can be good, but not very sweet, not juicy at all, not as crisp as honeycrisp and a texture that defies description.
Xaro Xhoan Daxos U ain’t neva lied
@@freddotu Sweet beyond belief is exactly why I can't stand honeycrisp. It tastes like eating apple-flavoured sugar. Give me a Rome anyday.
You, I like you
I fully understand the pain people feel with the chewing sound just as I don’t like other sounds, but I quite like the sound. However, I think the sound should be avoided because I can watch a video without one while it might keep others from watching the full video.
Thank you.
most people who hate the sound had to spend a large amount of time eating with a person who talks/chews with their mouth full at some point in their life.
Or maybe that tiny minority of people who get traumatized by hearing perfectly natural sounds should just learn to get over themselves.
All the dislikes are because you eating an apple like it’s an ASMR video.
i hate when people talk while eating, you better not spit on me!
i dont care how good that stale apple is...
And there is something about the sound of someone talking with food in their mouth that absolutely infuriates me.
Agreed 😑
yeah, it was really annoying
I was really interested in the topic but couldn't finish the video because of the random annoying crunching
Um your fine its only a video
Please never include surprise eating noises in a video again
"Eating an apple to show you are an asshole cliche"
TING!
After the second mouthful the eating while talking became very annoying.
Please don't talk and eat at the same time.... it's disgusting
Honeycrisp is so great! I thought "MacIntosh? Haven't you heard of Honeycrisp?" but apparently you still prefer it despite knowing about it.
Maybe he's a masochist & enjoys discomfort.
@@Rudofaux wtf
@@phabidz It's obvious that he enjoys punishing himself by eating Macintosh apples & not the superior Honeycrisp.
Different people like different things. I dislike the honeycrisp myself.
My favourite type of apple is the Pink Lady/Cripps Pink apples.
Don’t talk while munching
Bite sounds are really annoying.
I can't discribe how annoying someone chewing apples in your ears is.
Worse would be super crunchy chips
On the one hand, I LOVE the video because it talks about my favorite variety of apple (Honeycrisp), but, on the other hand, I had to watch the whole thing with my ears plugged because someone thought it was a good idea to eat in the microphone and try to send me into a seizure from the sound. A painful, debilitating, morning-crushing seizure of doom. So yeah, nice content, but poor execution.
What characters should really use immortality for: growing the perfect fruit trees
???
Thanks for the disgusting chewing noises
*cHOMP*
*Shrrk shrrk*
Low key was hoping you'd talk about the Cosmic Crisp a bit, which is a breed of apple that started being sold this month. It was bred in washington state at the washington state university. It's really good!
I didn't think I was one of those people who is bothered by eating noises until this video.
I love how Alex is making out with his apple 😂
Dislike because of eating noises. Triggered af
+
That was the most annoying shit in the whole world, jesus
You are just hungry and jealous :)
Nah, it's just the sound of other people eating, it's so... Ugh...
I almost threw my phone across the room every time I heard the sound of eating
Do you have misophonia?
Bananas are a great example of mass fruit plagues. If I recall correctly (in Australia at least) we really only have one type of banana, the cavendish, because all others were susceptible to a banana virus that could easily wipe them all out, so we've essentially put all our bananas in one basket in that if there becomes a virus that quickly wipes out cavendish bananas, we lose all our bananas
And a fungus is coming for the Cavendish - worldwide, not just Australia.
I like that you try new stuff, bit the eating while talking was too much. Didn't like it very much...
God, just get a life.
I stopped watching the video after a minute because of this... i hope he never makes a video about soup..
58 seconds in and I'm out. I'm sure.this video was very informative but I'm certain I can learn the same thing from a text file that isn't "chewing" in my ears
Please, never upload another video where you are actually eating into the mic. I hate it when food related channels do it, doesn't change for here. The video, barring that annoyance, was very interesting.
Would you mind.... NOT EATING INTO THE MIC?
I love eating and speaking at the same time, so pleasant, calming and seems natural 😍😍!
I literally grew up on an apple orchard and still learned from this video.
I love that 50% of the comments are in agreeance with me; NEVER have chewing + talking in a video!
Stop that crunch sound. It's annoying.
I skipped forwards every time but yeah. Good video, can't stand chewing noises.
3:00 did that dude just eat a hole apple core
Stop eating ffs
One if the best apples from denmark was found along an old train track. Basicly evryone was just throwing the apples out of the windows on the train when thry were done and now there a a whole lot of aple trees there and someone found a great aple on one of them
I’m increasingly convinced that you plan these episodes around that one finishing pun.
Also, why can’t I get my hands on a Cosmic Crisp? Is it only available in certain areas so far?
We could make golden apples.You know
I really hate people eating while recording videos.
Please never ever ever ever record audio again while eating.
I get it why you did that, but damn i have the urgent need to rip my earphones apart. That is just disgusting to hear, sorry.
Dude!
That Crunch really annoys!
My dude just absolutely loves his apples
Did you legitimately ate an apple while recording??
I loved the "crisp" sound and the munching throughout the vid😂🤗
Oml i swear if he takes one more bite of that apple i will punch someone
Thanks for eating in my ear..
My focus was on the crunching sound
It's a good thing that we in Malaysia barely cares for Cavendish bananas because our local cultivars are way more accessible and cheaper(bananas are not tree fruits, but you know, agricultural issue as well)
I had no idea the honeycrisp (my favourite) was so young!
I thought MinuteEarth was going to talk about the newest apple variety that just hit the market: the Cosmic Crisp. It took the University of Washington 20 years develop it and bring to market. Remarkable.
Having a nice Honeycrisp while watching!
I'm curious as to how they are going to dub this in the other channels.
I know, right? I have no idea how to say "honeycrisp" in Portuguese, given I had never even heard of it in my life.
@@sohopedeco Eu sou BR! A honeycrisp parece ser popular só no US e CA já que foi desenvolvida em minnesota (que faz borda com o canadá), Ela não é boa no clima quente do brasil. Acho que eles vão usar o nome original mesmo.
Nobody:
Alex: *eats the apple core, where it's cyanide-filled seeds reside, casually*
Edit: Yes thank you I'm already aware you have to eat a lot of seeds to get poisoned
you'll be fine if u don't grind 200 seeds into a fine powder and snort it...
Lol you need a lot of it to acctualy poison yourself
@@projectsayonara Yes, thank you, Mr. Fishby here had already told me that
@@VVen0m 😁😁 your welcome
uh youd have to eat like more than 200 seeds to get poisoned though
Please don't eat and speak at the same time. Ewwww, eating noises are gross.
I saw that the comments where at 599 so i commented
As tempting as it obviously is, it NEVER works to eat and try to talk at the same time... never.
This is the plot to Jojolion
jj malilong unexpected jojo
Nani?!
So how do I graft a Rokakaka?
@@NoorquackerInd Do not answer this man, he is a beetle enthusiast/fruit parlor owner.
Do an episode about Misophonia and why this video is like cancer to those that endure it.
Jonagold is where it's at.
i loved that munching apple sound, it gave a nice touch to this topic *delicious*
I love the random **CRUNH,CHOMP** in the middle of like EVERY sentence.
3:01 breaking news! Alex, a host of minute earth, has been hospitalised due to Cyanide poisoning!
Who in their right mind thought the apple noises were a good idea
It was
its either apple noises or bad puns
@@jkoh93
I strongly prefer the puns.
While I generally enjoyed the video and found the subject interesting, I’m disliking this video because I DONT WANT TO LISTEN TO YOU CHEWING. EVER. It adds nothing to the video. People either don’t care or they hate it
I like it tho
Disliking your comment
1.) because I disagree, and believe the chewing actually added to the video, &
2.) because you assumed all other people shared your opinion, which is immature and extremely short-sighted behavior.
I do love chewing in my youtube videos, such a great idea!
This video could have gone without the gross chewing sounds.
MinuteEarth was like "let's have the narrator eat an apple in this video, I'm sure it won't make him seem like an asshole."
Also... he ate the core...!!?