Who Built Stonehenge? (Documentary)
Вставка
- Опубліковано 8 чер 2024
- People have long wondered who built Stonehenge. Using recent genetic findings and archaeological analysis I build a case for who were the most probable creators of the final stage of the site which has captured the imagination of millions.
To support the channel and get extra content, discussion, requests, etc.
/ fortressoflugh
Paypal donations (Greatly appreciated)
paypal.me/FortressofLug?count...
00:00 Intro
00:50 Opening
01:21 Earliest Period
02:12 The Neolithic Farmers
03:56 Based on Wood?
05:12 Dating Stonehenge
08:35 The Beaker People
10:38 Bowman burial secrets
13:38 Mixing it up
16:20 Two Possibilities for Stonehenge
18:38 Pots are not actually people
20:40 Sky Burials at Seahenge
23:35 2500 BC
25:50 Germany's Henge
27:30 Woodhenge: Posts or Palace?
29:40 Tara - the henge of the high king
30:45 Last gasp or power flex?
32:00 Orkney - Neolithic Male Bastion
35:04 Mine that copper!
36:13 Conclusion
Sources Used
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Stonehenge's Continental Cousin:
www.archaeology.org/issues/41...
The ring sanctuary of Pömmelte, Germany: a monumental, multi-layered metaphor of the late third millennium BC:
www.cambridge.org/core/journa...
Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Bell Beakers and Mycenaeans from Yamnaya; Corded Ware from the forest steppe
indo-european.eu/2019/09/bell...
The prestige of warriors: Bell Beaker archers’ equipment in Central Europe
journals.openedition.org/pm/2167
Kinship and social organization in Copper Age Europe. A cross-disciplinary analysis of archaeology, DNA, isotopes, and anthropology from two Bell Beaker cemeteries
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
How was Bell Beaker economy related to Corded Ware and Early Bronze Age lifestyles? Archaeological, botanical and palynological evidence from the Hegau, Western Lake Constance region
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Finding the origins of the first farmers
archaeology.co.uk/articles/ne...
Beakers in Britain. The Beaker package reviewed
journals.openedition.org/pm/2286
THE ARRIVAL OF THE BELL BEAKER SET IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND
www.academia.edu/24957136/THE...
Uncovering Neolithic and Early Bronze Age landscapes: new data from southwestern Poland
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Embracing Bell Beaker Adopting new ideas and objects across Europe during the later 3rd millennium BC
www.academia.edu/40365630/Emb...
The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: Chronology and the radiocarbon dating programme
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
The Boscombe Bowmen
www.wessexarch.co.uk/our-work...
The world recreated: redating Silbury Hill in its monumental landscape
The return of the Beaker folk? Rethinking migration and population change in British prehistory
www.cambridge.org/core/journa...
Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas...
Who was buried at Stonehenge?
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
The age of Stonehenge
dro.dur.ac.uk/5811/1/5811.pdf
This was one of the best, most interesting, documentaries I have ever seen on Neolithic or bronze age England Ireland. Great job, sincerely
Easily one of your best videos, can’t wait to see what you make next, keep it up.
Is there any evidence (genuine) of a Tolkienesque Indo-European civilization in the vein of the Rohirrim? As cool as the Conan(sorry for the Pop culture references I’m not really into pop culture but the Indo-Europeans just remind me so much of a Hybrid of Tolkien & Howard I know that they were well researched) Shaman barbarians are I find it really hard to believe the Indo-Europeans just living in mud huts & some thatched houses.
I heard a story about this guy who left a comment on this other guy’s comment telling him he heard a story. Do you want to hear the story?
@@user-ux6tk8pi9i Sure I guess, I always love a good story.
Full of astute observations.
In those early years, when a man from a patrilineal society married a woman from a matrilineal society, their children were blessed with a double inheritance, not just of culture and status but of material wealth. This was the outcome of the tradition of "marrying the land" spoken of in the Irish mythological cycle and probably originating with the steppe nomad warrior bands moving westward, but was maintained in imperialistic societies right on through the time of Alexander The Great and beyond.
Don't like her? What's wrong with her? She's beautiful, she's rich, she's got huge... tracts of land.
Pavadas Ningún humano hizo esto fue la luna
Kevin does it again! Another great video
I never knew how interesting a topic this was until I finished this video just now. Good work!
Thanks for the effort you put into these fantastic videos.
this is kind of inspiring to anyone of british ancestry, the first thing they did is go and finish a great project their predecessors were beginning the moment they entered the island, making it not only an ancient relic of a bygone age, but also their accomplishment and the first achievement of their people
We only get 9% of our DNA from Stonehenge builders
@@Anglisc1682 Irrelevant.
@@Anglisc1682 Clearly you didn’t watch the video
I very much doubt that it was done by the Bell Beaker culture
That was a high level troll
Very well thought out. I agree with you! I can see the neolithic population not so large with the historical record. Hunter Gatherers 7000 years ago but the population jumped with the early farmers but then it really went up between 5,000 years ago to 4000 years ago with so many new immigrants coming in to mix with the people. I can see that. I am glad you said that the neolithic peoples were more like Southern Europeans and were there for over 2,000 years before the Bell Beaker folks arrived. I can see how their skin adapting to the area getting lighter especially with less sun. University studies who say something different probably have an agenda of their own for one reason or another to try to revise the origins of Europeans. Soon hopefully they will get back to really understanding who our ancestors are in Britain Ireland and NW Europeans. I am an American with my paternal ancestors from the British Isles. I feel a strong connection with the British Isles as my ancestral homeland. My maternal side is Southern Italian with much of her ancestors from Central and Southern Italy with Greece, Balkans also Anatolian ancestry from Bronze Age or Greek Colonization or earlier. I feel aa connection to that part of the world too. I would like to feel to distinct groups in Europe.
This video makes for interesting viewing alongside a very recent Gresham College lecture on Stonehenge and religion in pre-Roman Britain. What I get from both is that there is so much which we don't know about early Britain and what we do know is wide open to interpretation. It's like a jigsaw where we don't know the picture, a lot of pieces are missing, and some of the pieces may not even belong in the box!
00
Your last sentence sounds like my life & brain
We Wuz Kangs!
According to the BBC.
@Black Lesbian Poet you wuz nowhere to be found. Chillin in the bushes and racing cheetahs or some shit.
@Black Lesbian Poet You wuz not even able to discover the wheel.
@Black Lesbian Poet you wuz stone age midhutt
Yay🎉! I’ve found a new channel that I can binge watch. 😊. I love learning about history and culture and religions. Your channel is fast becoming my favorite alongside. Fall of Civilizations.
Haven't watched the vid yet but I will. I was into this stuff 30 odd years ago. Before Google destroyed the web, one could find really good articles and sources online. I do recall reading long ago (can't really if it was a book or an article online) that Stonehenge may have been figged around with several times. Since it was privately owned for almost all of it's modern history. I also read about black stone pyramids in Scotland, but wherever I read it, probably isn't even online any,ore.
This all makes sense. Perhaps my ancient ancestors were a combination of Neolithic farmers and Bell Beaker people, given that I am Australian with Anglo-Irish ancestors.
Just curious, at 9:14 are you using a specific website or software that allows you to compare your genetic test results to that of other historic ethnic groups?
Thoroughly enjoyable. Thank you! ❤
Fascinating stuff, great video, thank you.
Great video man-going to favourite this one.
extremely fascinating, thank you!
great video! thank you for your work.
The story telling and inquisitive thought process is very interesting to me personally. There is evidence of an advanced Celtic (Gaelige) warrior based society
Very well organized and argued.
Dearest Kevin yet another Masterpiece of study 🌹. Thank you for your most compelling video 🧙♂️🌻
But, perhaps the so called "open burials" were just something a few archaeologist imagined, without any real tangible proof?
Because, as you might know, in Sweden they found something really special, during the largest archaeological dig (in northern Uppland), not so long ago - not even 20 years ago actually. They found something nobody had found before - a whole hillside filled with natural occurring large rocks and boulders. And when they started to dig around them, they found evidence for a large burial site - not with bodies, skeleton, but finely grounded bones, together with the grind stone used for it.
The skeletons were grinded to fine flour (bone flour), so nothing much remained actually. But next to almost every boulder, big rock, they found remains like that (and some offerings) - and always the grind stone used.
So, they learnt something new. Something they didn't knew before. And this opens up a whole lot about where we have the remains after all the ancient people that lived in Northern Europe during the old times (they weren't given up for the birds of prey).
And, it could also explain why the ancient farmers felt so close to their own field - because their ancestors were a physical part of it. Whenever a member of the family died, he, or she, would be cremated and their bones grinder to fine flour. That bone flour were then sprinkled over the field, perhaps together with the grains.
The bone flour would act like a fertilizer, and they would know that their ancestors was part of everything they harvested.
The problem is that it is really hard to find this so finely grounded bone flour in the soil, the dirt. But we can fins the offerings included with the burials, and the always present grind stone.
Så, close to the old villages, there would be some "grave site," were it could be possible to find this kind of remains.
NAtural occurring large rocks and/or boulders would be a good place to start looking - or any other landmark (a hill perhaps).
Those wooden constructions look so much like Japanese 鳥居, or "torii" (often used as gates to Shinto shrines), except that the Japanese variants mostly use a double cross beam. It's uncertain but a possibility that the tradition arrived from India originally, which again could imply that it was a continent-wide idea. Or just coincidence.
I noticed that too
Interesting. The Japanese are amazingly influenced by Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sanskrit texts. It is not noticeable on a surface level, but it is highly pervasive. From their diet, to clothing, to religion, language, art, and culture.
And I have no doubt that many European and Middle Eastern peoples were influenced by India as well...explaining the far flung connections between ancient Japan and ancient Britain!
Continent wide is interesting. There are giant monuments and mounds across the world. I think they are 'connected'.
I'm not convinced, but you make your case well and give your sources - can't ask for better than that.
Thanks for a good video 👍🏻
Interesting video as always! I hope your theory is correct, and I'm going to believe so until proven otherwise, as it makes the most sense.
I built my house with a circle of wooden posts buried into the ground, hopefully one day people will speculate whether it had a roof or not.
Thanks for that mate, that was interesting. There's footage of a stone spiral at 12:51. Do you know where that was taken?
I cant imagine looking across the channel and seeing the white cliffs of Dover and not wanting to go there to see that place.
I love YOUR videos☘️
Really well documented video on a rarely seriously treated subject! It echoes the excellent exhibit on Stonehenge at the British Museum. It is sometimes however difficult to follow, as some assumptions are made which are perhaps considered as known by everyone. I didn't really get which culture do you consider as bringing in Indo-European languages, but suppose out of the context that it must be the "Bell-Beaker" one and consider "steppe ancestry" DNA as equivalent to "Indo-European language". I may express some reservations to this: as these "steppe ancestry" populations married local women, it is not clear how they transmitted their language: it is mothers who mainly teach children their "mother-tongue" - then we should perhaps consider Indo-European as the language of the Early Neolithic populations, but I am quite reluctant to make associations between DNA and language. The DNA and cultural origins of the Bell Beaker people seems to be quite a mess, so it is a little hasty to assume that they were the first Indo-Europeans without further explanations. In societies without administration, language does not seem to have been transmitted from the leaders to the populations: look at all the leader people who's language died out: the Franks, Wisigoths, Langobards, Bulgarians, Mongols, Mandchous, Vikings in Normandy, Normans in England, etc, etc. States with administration did impose their language by commodity, such as the Romans in Europe or the French in West Africa. It is interesting that henge monuments may have been covered with roofs, I would gladly accept that, even perhaps for Stonehenge. Neolithic Europe is full of such circle monuments (in wood), there is one just by the village I come from in Hungary, but it was mostly destroyed in the construction of a highway between Budapest and Zagreb, it's material sadly used in the filling of that road. But that's not the only problem we have in Hungary.
I couldn't help hear Spinal Tap as you introduced the video.
Any plans to do Avesbury?
Ah, once again, I sensed it I’m sure.
I knew you were about to upload. I checked just yesterday for the first time since your last video.
Funny how that goes.
Good one
Excellent.
11:45 these people loved their chariots. I'd assume it was a chariot accident.
Not sure we have evidence for chariots that early. Wagon maybe
@@FortressofLugh we have chariots on the steps by this time. On the Yamnaya territory. Survive the Jive channel has a video talking about it.
@@FortressofLughMany don't realize:
Horses could not pull a heavy burden until the horse collar - a medieval invention. So * heavy, horse-drawn wagons of the ancient world - are myths.
Harnesses before the horse collar, put pressure on the windpipe. The heavier the burden, the more the horse choked.
Chariots, were light enough. So if he died in a "high-speed accident," chariots fit.
Nearly all wagons, until medieval times, were pulled by oxen. The yoke resting on their hump, allowing easy breathing.
It's been discovered the backs of horses were too weak for ANY burden, until a mutation somewhere in a Steppe herd enabled chariot pulling. A second mutation, perhaps in the same region, enabled riding later.
This explains why, the horse was "known" to many cultures, like Egyptians and Sumerians; yet riding, chariots, and the spoked wheel, were unknown.
(Sumerian war wagons used onagers.)
Local horses were useless for riding/pulling. Once the chariot peoples burst on the scene, the "strong backs" entirely replaced all other horses. Seems 100% genetic replacement.
If you ever wondered why the chariot archer, and chariot came in warfare before cavalry, and horse archer - this is it.
Why the Egyptians we're blindsided by the Hyksos, and conquered.
Why they built the pyramids, before the spoked wheel.
(Referred to as "the wheel.")
Horses are terrible at pulling. To be good, they must be bred to enormous size. Then, they eat much more than an ox.
I speculate the horse collar, and "draft horse," was not an innovation, so much as an invention of desperation.
A disease called "Cattle Plague" ravaged herds until recent times, when eliminated via vaccine. Only when most cattle are dead, do draft horses look appealing. Saviors, even.
So, the role of the horse was first herd animal for meat, like goats. Next, war animal w chariots. Next, swift messenger, and war animal via riding. Also - animal of games/gambling via races.
This is a great video and a pretty convincing argument. I think this is much more likely than the narrative of pre-Beaker Stonehenge, at least in the form that we know it. However, megaliths were common going back way longer than the Beaker or Corded Ware phenomena. This means that Stonehenge isn't really a continuation of the megaliths from earlier, but either an imitation or a syncretic adoption of the idea.
For this reason, I don't buy it. The Bell Beakers appropriated Stonehenge the way they appropriated the rest of the culture of the much more advanced people they invaded.
@@BeforeWarTheBook Who were those earlier people?
@@Halbared I amend my upper comment, upon more research, it does seem that the megalith people were a later group, who already were patrilocal, although a hybrid as they also tracked matrilineal lineage. The earlier people were Mediterranean people, similar to other Neolithic groups of Eurasia.
Thank you so much for untangling this knot. This is exactly whats been puzzling me: the Neolithic-Beaker transition, amd who built what, amd what exactly Stonehenge looked like at the last stage of Neolithic construction before the bell beakers did whatever they did.
Only content maker doing these videos at this level and with this depth. As Europe sinks, many want to know about the ancient ancestors who created it, not the recent ones that have given it away.
Thank you, Sir!.
Great👍😊
Absolutely brilliant work. Thank you
I find these places fascinating -- but I come to realize that just because they were great artisans I probably wouldn't understand their culture well at all if I could travel back in time.
A truly wondrous presentation- thank you. Asubject i know alot about via dna studies on animals at the Durrington site…-
Nobody knows who they were
Or what they were doing
But their legacy remains
Hewn into the living rock...
Of Stonehenge!
HAHA at 3:17. Preach brother!
Seeing as how Cernunnos is supposed to die and be reborn every year, I wonder if this is supposed to be a representation of that?
Herne is the chief overarching male diety of all Stone age/bronze age people European peoples.
Hail him.
yes it's a temple to the sun IMO
Great video. Do you know what haplogroup where the Anatolian Neolithic farmers? That arrived before the bell beaker people. The Neolithic Anatolian farmers were great builders of megaliths structures, in Göbleki tepe they built the world’s oldest temple 6,500 years before Stonehenge.
Makes sense, the Normans went on a monumental building spree after the conquest also.
Yep, and nearly all of them on pre-existing sacred sites.
I heard recently Stonehenge was placed on the spot of a lightning strike.
Interesting to learn that the Steppe people initially merged with the Neolithic farmer population, but then over the following generations the Neolithic farmer DNA dropped from 50 % to 10 %, likely due to having less resistance to a new disease, the plague, brought by the Steppe people. And so the modern British people have 90% Steppe ancestry, but only 10% Neolithic farmer ancestry.
And very interesting to learn that the climax of the Stonehenge building period occurred just after the Steppe people first arrived. I would have guessed it was all built by the Neolithic farmers. Curious that the new comers were willing to put in the extreme effort to follow the old traditions and build the largest version of Stonehenge.
Do you know of the YT channel Archaix? Jason Breshears?
My dad's great grandmothers last name was Bell. Alameda Bell. Also famous Carters. Mom again side Lady Rachel Beauchamp/Collins..Beauchamp Tower, Tower of London. Funny the name Collins is Carved in the tower. Maybe that is how my great grandparents meant. 38% Scandinavian. Ha, ha!
Imagine guys that somewhere in the world in 3,000 BC, someone intermarried to a different tribe. They spent years learning the new language, learning a complete set of slangs, idioms and proverbs... they made their fellow folks smile as they gradually started phrasing themselves like a local.
And now we don't even know about the existence of this language.
The same people who raised the Parthenon probably had practice raising Stonehenge
Super underrated channel
What does “underrated” mean?
@@user-ux6tk8pi9i deserves more subscribers
@@bergmann2128 what does “deserves“ mean?
@@user-ux6tk8pi9i you got me
@@bergmann2128 what do you mean? I don’t have you. I don’t even know you.
The Giants born of the Angels built those wonders
Apparently builders in 1958 rebuilt them in concrete not aligned properly.
So strange that they would do that. Tourist attraction I guess.
I totally support the constructed by giants theory.
Where were the logistical support sites?
I am hapogroup R-L21..Robert se Brus. My mother's side Collins is King Louis. Double royal line. Kings of Wessex and King O'Neil of Tara, mound of the nine hostages. Fun!
As a matter of fact, the original Preseli bluestone circle could have been 'arrested' and 'imprisoned' by the newcomers, who build the sarsen stones around them!
English tourist board restood the stones in the 1950's
4.29 that's not a Greek temple, it's Garni temple in Armenia
I won't lie, after the mentions of Stonehenge and woodhenge, I was expecting strawhenge to be next.
Hard to find it in the archeological record, lol.
@@FortressofLugh Grimm's tales are oral history ;)
I think it could have been a tower of silence, the bodies placed on the lintel stones for the carrion birds, high status in the central ring, lower status officials on the outer ring.
It is most interesting, around 13:48, that the video states that the Boscombe Bowman had over half Steppe ancestry, but also 41 % Neolithic Farmber ancestry, originally from Anatolia (present day Turkey).
This fits the scenario, where the Steppe people wiped out most of the Neolithic farmers, not through warfare, but through disease, likely the Plague. Steppe warriors would not partially kill off the male Neolithic farmers, leaving individuals as a shell of themselves, with only 41% Anatolian ancestry, only to finish them off a few generations later. Instead, this looks like the population was decimated by the plague, leaving some survivors, whom they blended with. But even the survivors would have inferior resistance to the Plague and so over the next several generations, the percentage of Anatolian would, over time, drop from around 50% to down to 10 %, as seen in the modern British population.
The female Anatolian line fared better than the male Anatolian line, because females carry two X chromosomes, instead of just one, giving them a better chance at surviving a new disease the population had not been exposed to before.
9:07 What genetic service did you use here? I'd be greatly interested.
I am interested also. A British relative has dated my paternal ancestors to this region back to the 1500’s and my father has done his yDNA.
The delivery of this couldn't be less efficient or interesting
Besides all that, the priestly knowledge and devotion of the Brits to geometry and astronomy from 3200 - 1400 bce onward is remarkable.
Who built Stone Henge??? We haven't got a clue!!!
6:10 sure, every date claims accuracy, but as far as I understand it, this was some kind of "age of Stone Henge" meta-study, so the 95 % certainty is a statistic probability. This is not to be confused with some singular events claiming to be certain.
The real humor about Stonehenge, is that few realize it was excavated, with various 'semi-professional' archaeologists' digs throughout it, in both the 1920's and the 1950's-1960's...even the British Museum admits that Colonel Hawley 'reconstructed' Stonehenge in the 1920's, re-erecting fallen stones as he went. In reality, we don't have solid, definitive proof of WHAT Hawley first faced when he came to Stonehenge...being as MOST OF THE STONES were fallen, laying on the ground...and when he re-erected them, he put them in 'best guess' locations! Everyone gets hung up on 'what are the lentil stones, and what do they do/mean?' When in actuality, they may not have even rested atop the vertical (standing) stones! Do a search on "Stonehenge rebuilt in 1920's'...some really paradigm-shifting pictures you've GOT to see...and no, they aren't fake...they are, in fact, on file in the British Museum!
14:07
Not necessarily. Bell Beaker peoples already carried a significant amount of Neolithic admixture before they arrived in Britain. It likely would have been around 30-40 percent, too.
Its confusing to me. Where do the Bell Beakers of the H5 mitochondrial group enter into the picture. Ive read they were from Anatolia.
3:10 EEF were lighter in their pigmentation, features like skin color vary in time due to environmental needs. Sardinians do have the most EEF ancestry in Europe, but using them as a phenotipical example isn’t 100% sure, there can be many variations in time (most Yamnaya were dark haired and brown eyed, but Nordic looking Europeans tend to have most yamnaya ancestry)
Stonehenge was reconstructed and "repaired" in the early-mid 1900s. There are photographs, which puts question marks and suspicion on anything original in terms of its stone placements. If one digs, there seems to be a mass-global "repair/renovation" of important 'ancient' sites around the globe, Egypt included. How much is original, how much is recreated or completely created in modern times.
What would you suggest?
That we let it fall into compete ruin?
If we do rebuild, do we rebuild it halfway?
I think the site can still be of use to modern people if rebuilt completely, or as much as possible.
@@thegreenmage6956
I don’t think he was suggesting anything other than caution with regards to the accuracy of the reconstruction, and being open towards a better understanding of the intentions moving forward.. but I could certainly be wrong about that. It just didn’t feel particularly hostile to me..🤷♀️
Except for artist have been painting and drawing Stoney for centuries and very few stones were moved. You've got a fallen stone and a hole behind it , where does if go? I'm not saying all the repairs were absolutely accurate but complete creation in modern times is nonsense. If you research the repairs you'll find very few stones could be put on a suspect list of positioning and most work was to stop further collapse of stones in position.
Chris Elliott - actually there is no doubt in this regard to those who know Stonehenge history because of the many drawings and depictions made long before the more recent repairs - let alone the obsessive research, excavations, geological and carbon dating work still being done.
Tell us about the Black Hebrews please. And Wakanda.
Enjoyable video... thanks.. tho I think the chance of the Boscombe bowman falling off a horse in ~2300BC Britain might be slightly far fetched...
👍
Imagine being known in history as a beaker person.
👍👍
Greetz from Sardinia!
Genetic drift from gobeckli tepe!
My peanut butter box is here.
I wish I did.
The inhabitants of North Pembrokeshire have Greek DNA who arrived in Britain 6th century BC
Maybe the Greek Gods were Neolithic bodybuilders
You've done some truly excellent work here. I've been studying Stonehenge and the Celts since I was a tweener. I visited Newgrange in 2002. There are some who have an almost maniacal desire to deny a Celtic/proto-Celtic presence in Britain and Ireland by 2500 BC. I just don't understand it.
You don't think it was the Beaker people who built the henge (along with all the other unusual mounds and monuments).
Neoliths Mothers of Civilisation
I built it
apologies for the rough shapes
I was in a cash-flow pickle
Apology accepted. Its actually endearing.
It's a little off the track but does concern Stonehenge, Vespasian was the emperor who ordered the total destruction of Jerusalem (and it is believed by some that he even corrupted and adapted the ancient Hebrew writings at the same time, but that is for another day,) and there is no doubt that Vespasian understood that to conquer a people you have to crush their culture, he was emperor when the Roman's were beating the British into the empire (for which we all are probably owed reparations) and ruthlessly pursued and destroyed all the druids and any traces of them, they must have had incredible power in pre Roman Britain and known how Stonehenge was built and why it was there, I imagine the sight of it shattered a lot of Roman assumptions about Britain and assured the druids demise, taking with them all of the history which was verbal and passed through the aeons.
Reparations from the Romans? Interesting concept and probably well deserved. Unfortunately the Huns and Visigoths beat us to the punch. At least the Romans paid it forward before they went bust and taught us those modern spiritual values that could later be passed on by force to our indigenous friends around the world.
Cesar wrote about the first encounters with British ships 50BC , British ships are superior incorporating Iron into their construction, and they can sail by day and by night ,
palatial: pa-lay-shul
I think it was the very first Europeans (Brown skinned)who built it and the Yamnayas found it
It was a holder for Venetian blinds and held pensioners .. they’ve found requests for soup and gossip carved into the fridge 😂
"Temair"="tower"!
FGS!! Get up to date..... Cro-Magnons in 8300 BCE (phase 1 with bluestones) then Phase 2 in 4300 BCE with the Sarsens.... it's not rocket science or this mythology!! 😎
And this is why only the Sami are called the only indigenous people in Europe. You aren't allowed to be indigenous to Europe no matter what. Therefore you don't have a homeland while everyone else does. You must allow everyone in the world to replace you, it's only fair right
Question. When at 3:19 you show the women with darker skin, why is that not accurate? Is it because most genetic evidence shows Anatolian/Mediterranean DNA in Neolithic farmers and their skin tone already evolved to be lighter? And would a person of that darker skin type be more representative of the Mesolithic populations in Britain like Cheddar Man?
No mention of the blue stone granite emitts Raydon gas which has healing properties. Also stone henge is not original.
I built it. It was me.