How To Dissolve Glass With Acid?
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- Опубліковано 22 лип 2024
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Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I want to tell you about such a substance as hydrofluoric acid, which is one of a few acids that can dissolve glass.
This acid, unlike other corrosive substances, is stored in polyethylene bottles, as it does not corrode them (and obviously cannot be stored in glass bottles because spoiler alert it dissolves glass).
This acid is obtained from fluorspar by the use of concentrated sulfuric acid on it.
Looking at this substance from the outside, it’s a transparent liquid with a pungent smell, slightly fuming in air due to the forming aerosol from the water in air.
You need to be extremely cautious when working with such substance, since when exposed to the skin, hydrofluoric acid behaves extremely treacherously.
Burns caused by the hydrofluoric acid heal very poorly.
By the way, the method of dissolving corpses with this acid that is shown in the Breaking Bad series would have hardly worked, since though hydrofluoric acid dissolves the bones well it doesn’t dissolve well the living tissues.
To demonstrate the dissolving glass property of hydrofluoric acid, I decided to grab a piece of glass that is used for microscopes and covered it with a layer of tape, after which I cut out the name of our channel, therefore revealing the glass in that area.
Now I’m moving the piece of the glass into a plastic cup with the solution of acid.
Remember that It is only possible to work with hydrofluoric acid in plastic vessels.
Also, I decided to pour some of the hydrofluoric acid into a regular silicate glass jar to see how much glass it would eat in one hour.
Let's see now, how much this acid corrodes metals, and let’s start with zinc.
As an example, in hydrochloric acid, zinc reacts very actively, but here in the concentrated hydrofluoric acid zinc dissolves rather sluggishly.
All because of the huge difference in the electronegativity of the fluorine and hydrogen atoms that make up this acid, and also because of the small size of the fluorine atom.
In the solution, the fluorine atom does not release the hydrogen atom from itself, which prevents the formation of free protons in the solution.
It is the ability to form free protons in a solution that can tell us the strength of an acid.
However, if instead of zinc we will use titanium, which practically is not really dissolved in other acids, however it will dissolve much more actively in this acid.
All due to the fact that fluoride ions from the acid contribute to the formation of complexes that are highly soluble with titanium.
Let's take another low-active metal - hafnium, which in chemical activity is similar to glass due to the strong oxide film covering this metal.
As we can see, it dissolves in the hydrofluoric acid even better than titanium, again due to the fact that being in this acid the oxide film immediately dissolves from the surface of hafnium, and so the unprotected metal begins to actively dissolve.
These reactions reminded me very much of the reaction of aluminum and sodium hydroxide, in which, also because of the dissolution of the oxide film from the aluminum surface, the latter begins to actively dissolve in water.
Additionally, if you mix the hydrofluoric acid with nitric acid, you will get a mixture that can dissolve the most stable metals, such as, for example, tantalum, or platinum.
Now, let's go back to our dissolving glass jar.
After an hour of etching the glass with hydrofluoric acid, we can now check the damage done to the glass.
The glass jar got covered with a white coating consisting of sodium and calcium fluorosilicates, this coating is easily removed, after which you can feel the etched glass is now rough.
This reaction is sometimes used by artists to apply beautiful matte patterns on the glass.
By the way, speaking of patterns, now it's time to check our inscription on the glass.
You can see that the letters are made of the same coating as the coating in our jar, I also managed to remove it quite easily.
Using macro photography, we can see the thickness of the glass layer that got dissolved by the hydrofluoric acid in just one hour, which is somewhat impressive. The inscription looks very distinct, with beautiful blurriness on the affected area which reminds me of crystals.
Nowadays, hydrofluoric acid is being used for creating catalysts in oil refining, in the production of Teflon, and also for the creation of cryolite, which is an indispensable additive in the production of aluminum from ore.
To conclude, hydrofluoric acid is a rather dangerous and an unusual substance, though, despite all the danger, is an indispensable substance in modern chemical industry. - Наука та технологія
Great demonstration all around.
As a teenager in the early 1970's, I used hydrofluoric acid as an etchant for glass, but was not properly aware of the enormous dangers, and was stupidly lucky that I escaped injury.
I would never use it again for that reason, but did enjoy seeing your video. Thank you for showing the very real and hellish wounds resulting from accidental exposure so that amateurs will leave it alone!
Thank you brother, great job on explaining your knowledge to the public. Keep educating people.
some ignorant dumbass people always make criticism over your accent & so on...don't mind... am a chemical engineer & honestly saying, i haven't performed or seen many of these reactions even in my university .!! you are doing tremendous job bro... keep going...
I can't tell who are the real Russians and who are the voice synthesizer Russians any more.
I've got NaCN dissolving gold and copper in a beaker with an aquarium bubbler on the other side of my bedroom, to practice doing the same thing on a much larger scale with a 60 lb bucket of so-called "paydirt". Some calcium hydroxide to make sure the pH stays high, an HCN monitor, and the usual goggles and gloves are plenty of safety gear for me. And I play with strong acids all the time, although very far away from cyanide. But HF scares the crap out of me and is one thing I won't touch with a 10-foot pole, unless it's made of Teflon.
It's one thing to have a strong acid which, if you get it on your skin, will burn you if you don't wash it off right away. It's another thing to have a sneaky acid that actually stays mostly undissociated and acts just like another small polar molecule - H2O - to penetrate deep within your skin and into your bloodstream, corroding all the way down, slowly but painlessly over the next few hours as the F- ions that hit the bloodstream grab Ca and form insoluble CaF2, eventually messing up the heart's electrical rhythm and killing you by cardiac arrest.
Amazing sir... Once I start watching your videos , I can't stop now
I agree. This videos are highly addictive
Do flouroantomonic acid plz
*ARE YOU MAD???* XD
The_ Demon_
Edward Jones why
Search for "TechRax Phone Strongest Acid"
he destroys a phone with it :p
The_ Demon_Slayr ^^^
Glad I found your channel, such great videos :D
this guy is so badass i love watching his stuff.
Wowow! Your artistic talent is astounding! 😆
When it comes to acids Hydrofluoric acid is a pretty weak acid despite its reactivity with glass.
@04:53 "in the production of Teflon" : hydrofluoric acid is not used to produce Teflon itself. It is actually used to perfom micro holes in the pan, such as the liquid Teflon (non sticky) can hang to it.
Chemistry became more intresting after waching som of ur vids^_^
English (US)
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I love you. You are awesome. So much hard work in your videos.
Great information and explanation - love the accent too..
I would love to see some demonstrations of Caro's acid (H2SO5) on metals and organic substances like a chicken leg!
Also Fluoroantimonic acid (H2F[SbF6]) would be very interesting if you can get your hands on some! You have a great channel, love your work 😎👍
I did a tour of a large research lab which had a large bath of hydrofluoric acid which was used to remove the glass layer over micro chips. The chips where then run in an electron microscope. There where very strict precautions in the area and chemical showers etc. it was very cool to see the chip actually running. A lot of high security chips have wire grids and other features to stop such attacks.
Thanks for providing video and knowledge
Thank you for making these excellent video.
31 people disliked aaassid ;P
love your channel, thanks for all the wonderful information
Fantastic video, i never knew any acid could affect glass, but i do now, love this channel, i love to learn in general but chemistry is exceptionally fascinating to me.
Should make one video on Fluoroantimonic acid, the strongest acid in the world! That would be super interesting!
BRO YOUR VIDEOS ARE SUPER GOODDDDDDDD
Widely used in the stimulation of conventional oil wells (sandstone formations); I used to utilize it a lot in 3% HF : 12 HCL concentrations.
Also used in boat hull cleaner, I've used it daily for several weeks
I remember working with hydrochloric acid in science class.
My group was too afraid to pour the acid even though HCL is virtually harmless if it gets on your hands. Just wash it off in a small period of time and you're good.
The stuff smelled strongly of rubbing alcohol, and according to my teacher, pretty much all acids smell like that.
I think your teacher is either very ignorant or misinformed
We also used it to clean steel in the pharma industry. It's used as a mixture with nitric acid.
Cool video! Thanks!
Best channel ever!
I love youuuuu!!! Thanks for educating us
Well said.
Plastic is invincible
common man wrong... fire...
Just pour anything hot enough and it will melt lol
I've got a bottle of Dichloromethane and another of Acetone who say "get our friend Toluene to come round and party and we'll show plastic just how 'invincible' it is!"
Plastic is weak, even natural UV from sunlight destroys it in a couple of years (car polycarbonate headlights) whereas glass takes its revenge and lasts a century in the sun. But manufacturer hates glass because then you don't have to buy a new car. In another true story a fireman in a fire station noticed the light bulb in their garage was manufactured in 1914 and was still going strong in 2005. Last month in 2021 i bought 2 new lightbulbs each lasted 3 weeks, f uq china !
A similar process is used to etch masks for the production of microprocessors.
@thoisoi2 what is hydrobromic acid?
this acid have another use in the aluminium process, it is used to clean the surface of aluminium sheets before application of a protective laquer coat. the processed aluminium sheets are used in automotive industry and other industries in need of aluminium without an oxide layer, it's easier to get rid of the laquer coat than the oxide.
How industrial silicone is made ?
Do a video about magnesium, its my favorite element!
Then see my channel please
Hydrofluoric acid almost fully dissociates.
The reason of its low acidity is the formation of hydronium fluoride clusters, lowering the activity of the acid.
The acidity varies very rapidly with concentration.
Highly concentrated HF solutions are extremely acidic, due to less clusters and the formation of HF2- anions.
Make a series on acids pls
It's possible to etching glass bottle??
What a coincident, I just made a video on 'breaking bad' chemistry where I am covering a subject about hydrofluoric acid and its ability to dissolve human flesh. You made an awesome video, by the way, I've learned few new things about it from yours.
Shut up
Also used with nitric acid in the maintenance of neon signs.
in philippines they use that as a cleaning detergent in bathroom tiles and sink or even the toilet bowl
cause it melts away the dirt easily 👌
Where have you Got that acid ???
Just Half face respirator ? I was think doing some research with HF, even with full face respirator and hazard suit, i still feel a strong need of an antidote
We're dissolving rocks in our lab to get palynomorphs out of them
its stored inside a fumehood we just use a faceshield and gloves when handling it no respirator whatsoever (but specialized fumehoods that can deal with HF by washing the gases its sucking up)
we had an eastern european researcher in our lab for some time and he used to stir the rock/HF mixture with his bare fingers
he always washed his hands thoroughly after and never had any problem with it (i wouldnt try that tho)
Well i have a good full face respirator and i won't touch this shit, it's too scary...
Szakembőr TV TMIAE hmmmm... R.I.P.?
TheRolemodel1337 Bullshit. HF acid with concentration high enough to dissolve rocks can be extremely dangerous even if only a few drops contact the skin.
no bullshit ive seen it he was fine
Can this acid dissolve quartz glass?
I love watching this channel. Russians... with a voice, finally.
Holy zhit manz, zis vidio iz very kulz.
Keep making the interesting videos of chemical experiments... Very good work and keep it up..
From where did you obtain it ? I am very suprised that on both flask is also the name in czech :D
I'm starting to think that I learn more things on the internet than on my classes
4:13 "by se way" so funny XD
@thoisoi can you do FlouroAntimonicacid?
I used HydroFlouric Acid & Nitric Acid to Etch Titanium for Anodizing the Peacock Colors, but the Risk is too high and Niobium does not require Etching and cuts with Jewelers Saw exactly like soft Silver.
I had to store the 2 acids in a tote packer with 2" of lime in case os spills & fumes.
Which accid that can dissolve rubber
Can we use this video for our non-profit purposes.
And we will take it with full credits.
Ok??
please make of chlorine tri flouride its very difficult but i think you could do
Thank god for 'Teflon' the only plastic that keeps this acid in safe captivity.
Polyethylene and ETFE do a good job as well. Just don't use a polyester like PET
Pretty sophisticated Greenland
Use Floro Antimonic Acid
Can you demonstrate making Lithium Fluoride salt from Hydrofluoric Acid. 2Li + 2HF = H2 + 2LiF. LiF is a salt used as a coolant in Thorium molten salt reactors. You might also demonstrate Beryllium Fluoride from Be + HF.
I worked in a lab, cooking ore samples in HF and other nasties like HBr (hydrobromic acid). Very scary, you have to be so careful with these acids.
I hate to be one of "those guys", trying to make you feel bad about your accent (which you shouldn't, regardless of what anyone says), but I lost it at "plastic wessels". Because Pavel Checkov.
These guys know what I'm talking about...
Plastic nuclear wessels?
I like when he says keramic.
I'm bad in chemistry but i want to know that
why other acids are don't react with glasses (that we use in lab and maybe normal house use one also 🤔) ?
You are from czech republic?
will hydrofluoric acid react with manganese dioxide or will it release fluorine gas?
It's quite difficult to get anything to release fluorine gas. Small comfort, considering how hideously dangerous HF is all by itself.
I'd bet on HF reacting with pretty much anything you'd reasonably encounter day-to-day-save the inert gases, gold, platinum, and Teflon. Some substances might take longer, but that fluorine is vicious.
In short, expect that it'll try to kill you until expressly proven otherwise... Because it probably will
Спасибо
I just use lye for silica gel. Works great to pour "glass".
You have got big balls touching this shit in this amount...
do a video on bromine
great .....
When i was 11, myself and a friend used a home chemistry set that was taken to school at end of year. We were ment to follow the recipe, but being kids we didn't. We added lots of chemicals to the test tube and only after water was added did we realise we created a compound that ATE THROUGH THE TEST TUBE, destroyed the metal spoon, and ate through the table (metal) but didn't eat through any living organic matter. I say this as my friend got the stuff on his hands and nothing happened to him. Needless to say the teacher was impressed,but annoyed we we ruined the table
lit man
In addition,it depends on the amount of water present with the acid to begin with.
How do you safely dispose of those hazardous chemicals?
They put this stuff in drinking water and toothpaste! No kidding.
so true! these chemical break-downs are interesting, but people have to wake up and realise we are being attacked by these chemicals from all angles!!
do Lysergic acid diethlamide
Im a simple man, I see "FLUOROVODONIČNA KISELINA" written on the bottle, and I hit LIKE, even though I have no idea what it is, but I can read it...
It says hydrofluoric acid
*FLUOROVODONIČNA KISELINA*
thanks for the warning
i was saved from a fortnight of bad dreams.
please make a vedio on carbon
Make a video on element polonum
There are new and modern ways to break apart silica matrix without HF, like Sodium peroxide fusion using a CLAISSE TheOx Advanced system.
Do chlorine trifluoride pls
Do next HClO4
Fun fact: Calcium fluoride (flurospar) is so poorly soluble in water that is takes an extremely long time to even make any hydrofluoric acid with the method of pouring hydrochloric acid onto calcium fluoride.
what if you put antimony directly to this acid?
6HF+2Sb--->2SbF3+3H2
HF is actually technically a weak acid. Sulfuric and all of the other oxyacids are much stronger.
In 40% solution with water, yes - the H-F bond is too strong for most F's to let go of their H, and H3O+ gets bound so strongly to F- where it does form that the whole thing acts as a weak acid. But 100% HF is absolutely a strong acid: with no more water left to protonate, it ends up autodissociating into H2F+ (fluoronium) and HF2-.
Fluoronium is a very unhappy creature that protonates everything it sees. That's why all the superacids are based on HF: fluoroantimonic acid is a mix of SbF5 and 2 HF, and the SbF5 grabs one of the F's to form SbF6-, leaving copious amounts of H2F+. Then you end up with an acid 10^16 times stronger than pure H2SO4.
Which is really cool because all those transitionary carbocations that people talk about as intermediates - which were previously just theoretical and mostly not observed - are actually stable in fluoroantimonic acid. Even methane gets protonated to CH5+. It's such a strong acid that there might as well just be free protons wandering about.
@@grebulocities8225Thanks, sir. Excellent explanation!
Not all other oxyacids. HF still has a lower aqueous pKa than boric acid or carbonic acid both of which are oxyacids.
The (somewhat arbitrary) definition for what qualifies as a strong or weak acid actually makes it so that HF is both a weak acid (partial dissolution in water) and a superacid (Hammett acidity value less than that of 100% sulfuric acid).
nice!!
I have always had a great respect for Toisioi2. However, he does not say how he disposes of his used chemicals. By the way, I one had an HF burn. It was not pleasant, but the company nurse soon sorted me out and was good to go in 4 weeks.
Good work...stay away from that acid...
Keep it up
Zanzarous... zood poz
are you from czech or slowakia or poland? :D
React it with liquid nitrogen
But what of strong sodium hydroxide solution?
Eats glass much faster, far safer to use.
Just saying...
That's true.
Hf is scary af
Not even remotely close to SbHF6
Not even close to pepto bismol
Here, watch this video, it won't change your opinion any from it being scary af, if anything it will make you think it is more scary still: ua-cam.com/video/oipksRhISfM/v-deo.html
yeah I know, not for the burns but due to the small area of skin exposed hours later often results in sudden cardiac arrest and obviously death. Immediately washing your skin does virtually nothing to save against the death of flesh in the local area or against heat attack.
lsd even scarier you can see shit you'll never forget if you overdose real hard
CsOH is also able to dissolve glass
Do pepto bismol plzz
HCF is weak acid, but very strong corrosive!
h8 the background music
I saw a video in which a guy dipped a piece of meat in hydro fluoric but nothing happened it just turned bluish grey
Periodic videos did that, and it didn't do anything immediately and then they can back and the meat just vanished without a trace. Just utterly annihilated.
Do chlorine trifloride.