small correction. Prussians were baltic, not germanic. They lost the (baltic) language due to cultural influence of the Germans, like the Czech almost did up until 150 years ago.
I grew up next to a place called Etowah, which apparently means "town". It was a large native American town built around these huge mounds. There's also a surprising amount of places in American that still go by their native names. I like to think someone randomly called it that one day and it just caught on lol
it is surprising, or just completely normal? i have spent my whole life in places full of these names. they're just normal, not surprising, to a few hundred million americans.
J in Slavic languages is clearly pronounced like Y letter (and because J is derived from I) and not "zh" or "English/French J (dzh/zh)", but that's a little bit tangent fact, but still (because it explained swapping of many words J with Y or I with J in history of transliterating foreign words in English).
Fun fact: Thomas Jefferson wanted to establish a state approximate with what's now Iowa called "Mesopotamia," being as it was between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Other fun fact: Punic is intelligible with Hebrew (closer to each other than any other language) and their city names are quite funny for how non-descriptive they are: Old Town (Utica), New Town (Carthage), Good Town (Córdoba)...
Fancy seeing you here! I can figure out Carthage = Chadash/ חדש (New), and Utica = Atica/עתיקה (Old) - is the "Dob" in Cordoba from the same origin as "Tov"? Also are there other such examples of Punic city names that have survived?
I have ancestors who were from Prussia (the part that is now Germany). I do have to explain Prussia sometimes when I mention it, and people have thought I said Russia.
Couldn't you just say that you have ancestors from Germany? Even in Germany, if you said that you had ancestors from Prussia, then they'd assume that you mean the part that is now Polish(they'd understand better if you said the modern day Bundesland(Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz, Thüringen, Hessen, Baden-Würtemberg(if you take it very seriously) or Schleswig-Holstein) otherwise they'll think you meant Prussia, Pommerania or Silesia). That way you wouldn't have to explain.
In German, Prussia and Russia are clearly distinguishable: Prussia is Preußen and Russia is Russland. Oddly though, my father was born in a part of East Prussia that now belongs to Russia, so for me it would make sense bo5h ways 😀
i have a mild correction: "Phoenician" did not evolve into "Punic" or "phoenicus" into "punicus" for that matter. "punicus" is most likely an older borrowing into Latin, probably from some Ancient Greek dialect that had an /u/ or /y/ vowel sound in there. "phoenicus" must be a later borrowing from a time when the Romans tried to reflex Greek more "correctly" the pronunciation of ‹ph› as something like /f/ is a slightly later development. as a rule of thumb: /f/ sounds don't develop into /p/ sounds on their own, only by being borrowed/adapted into a language that only has the /p/ sound. conversely /p/ sounds _love_ to turn into /f/ like sounds all the time (happened in Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, eventually in Greek, in Arabic, Japanese, partially in High German.. it's extremely common)
I'm old enough to remember Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Ceylon and Siam still being valid. Cambodia became Kampuchea and then back to Cambodia again and now the Netherlands is discouraging use of the name Holland. If they made Australia officially Oz year one kids would cheer because it's easier to spell. 😅
Important point, regarding the discussion on Prussia's name: its native German name is "Preußen" ("proy" - "sen" with a sharp "s-sound" ) not "Prussland" !
My sister is married to a German guy (since 1974. I think they should be okay... 😂). Actually he's Swabian. When I visited in my teens, I heard a couple in the town who were definitely German but also definitely not local. Then I heard someone mutter something like "sau" (pronounced sow - as in the female pig) Preußen. My brother-in-law said it was essentially "bloody Prussian". I didn't know much about German history (apart from the obvious) at the time so I found it hilarious 🤷🏻♀️.
Yes, even nowadays, there isn't a lot of cultural, ideological, or political overlapp between us North Germans and the South Germans. At least, that's what it fees like when you grow up in Germany.@@y_fam_goeglyd
I worked with a man form Portsmouth, UK who"s middle name was Trenfield. It was a paternal tradition, and supposedly the family had connections to a town called. Trenfield. I can't find it in any reference volumes. Do you have any idea where it was, or if it even existed? Thanks very much.
Sorry but correction J in the group of languages that were previously known as Serbo-Croatian is pronounced like an English Y and the word jug in those same languages means south So Jugoslavija was as you said South Slavia, or Land of the Southern Slavs
I have been meaning to ask you what dialect of English replaces the unvoiced th sound with f and the voiced th sound with v, as you do. I have heard other Englishmen speak this way, so I do not take it as a speech impediment but as a regional accent.
In a manner of speaking Mesopotamia still does exist as a place-name in two cases in the Czech Republic, Valašské Meziříčí and Velké Meziříčí, which respectively mean 'Wallachian Mesopotamia' and 'Great Mesopotamia', the former between the Rožnovská Bečva and the Vsetínská Bečva, the two joining together to form the just plain Bečva and the latter between the Oslava and its tributary, the Balinka. That idea of two rivers named after notable settlements thereon coming together to form a single river - as the Rožnovská Bečva is named after Rožnov pod Radhoštěm and the Vsetínská Bečva is named after Vsetín - is reflected in Germany, where the Freiberger Mulde (Freiberg) joins with the Zwickauer Mulde (Zwickau), near the famous place of Colditz, to form the Mulde.
Meziříčí = Mesopotamia Mezi = Meso, that's easy; but "říčí "? I was WTF Reich = realm, but then I remembered the context, river = rjeka so říčí must be Czech for rjeka
@@dafyddthomas6897 You're sort of correct there. Czech has a few complications regarding prepositions and the cases they take, 'mezi' ('between') taking the Instrumental Case and they sometimes involve the modification of not only terminal vowels but, on occasions, the consonants that precede them and the vowels that, in turn, precede them. 'Říčí' would be a modification of 'řeky', the plural of 'řeka', to conform to the Instrumental Case. I theorise that 'řeka' is related to the Spanish 'río', which points up another 'Mesopotamia', in Argentina - the region of Entre Ríos - between the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers.
As for spelling: 'Y' comes from Greek 'υ', (read as German ü), and that Greek letter is origin for Latin 'u', 'v', 'w' and 'y'. Letter 'j' comes from 'i' ('i' having sound like in 'sit'), short 'i'. How it came to represent 'dzh' in English, I have no idea.
Prussia, German: Preußen. Russia, Russland. I don't see how we can confuse these two. The roots of Prussia lie where the Russian city of Kaliningrad is today. But everyone who was Prussian had to leave Königsberg. The Prussians were an order of knights that not only took part in the campaigns towards Jerusalem. They were also responsible for Christianizing what is now Poland and the Baltic States. Then they turned to Berlin and came to power there. There they became Kings and Kaiser and united Germany.
About Yugoslavia: It came into existence in 1918 following World War I, under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Name changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. After the breakup of SFRY, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which lasted until 2003 with that name (and then until 2006 as Serbia and Montenegro). I hate to say it, but you are so wrong about these dates. Still, I have enjoyed you work for some time :)
I've never heard of Mesopotamia including the Mediterranean coast or egypt. Mesopotamia corresponds more or less to current day's Iraq. The map that you showed is the fertile crescent, which includes Mesopotamia and other regions. Mesopotamia is only the region around the 2 rivers.
What do you mean there is no more Yugoslavia? It still exists in the hearts and minds of hundreds of thousands of people in Balkans, and all over the world 😊
The guy who named Pangea (and is the originator of the continental drift theory) is called Alfred Wegener, not Wenger. I don't mind if names are not perfectly pronounced the way they should, but his got butchered.
Prussia and russia have nothing to do with eachother. The old Baltic Prussia was called Borussia already by the Romans, a millennium before anything even remotely resembling anything russian. They took their name from the Kyivan Rus, which originated from Swedish vikings who called themselves ros [pronounced roos in English], and the area they came from is now called Roslagen.
Shouldve also briefly mentioned at the end the two continents of Laurentia and Gondwana which Pangea initially split into before further splitting into the current continents.
Please do a video on my name! I think it's possibly one of the most common names. Jack and Jill Jack jumped over the candle stick Jack and the beanstalk Jack Frost Jack in the box Jack O lantern Captain Jack Sparrow Cracker Jack Lumber Jack Jack the Pumpkin King Jack (cards) Jack of all trades Jack Off Jack / -jacked (to take) Jack up the price Jacked Up (beat up/messed up) Jacked (muscular/embodied) Jack (elevating thing for car wheel) Jack Hammer Jack the Ripper Jumping Jacks Jax / Jack Stone Jack-frame Jack-smith Jack (young sailer, or assistant) Jack Links (Jerky Brand) Jack Cheese / Monterey Jack / Pepper Jack Jacket Yellow Jacket Jackal Blackjack Boot Jack Jackstraw (stick game) JackFruit Jackass Jack Rabbit Jack Russel Tarrier Skipjack (tuna) Phone Jack Jack (a train) Jack knife Jack screw Jack light Apple Jack Jackaroo (sheep apprentice or colonial) Hi-jack (take control of) Flap Jack / Slap Jack Union Jack Jackpot
Polish; Russia = Rosja Russian (adjective) = rosyjski Russian man = Rosjanin Russian woman = Rosjanka Rus' (Kyivan Rus' or Ruthenia or East Slavs) = Ruś Ruthenian (or adjective for the Kyivan Rus or East Slavs) = ruski [it's also a bit of a slur against Russians] Prussia = Prusy Prussian (adjective) = pruski Prussian man = Prusak Prussian woman = Prusaczka Prussian person (Baltic) = Prus
Buy my books! I would leave a link or something but you’re smart and know where to find them first yourselves.
small correction. Prussians were baltic, not germanic. They lost the (baltic) language due to cultural influence of the Germans, like the Czech almost did up until 150 years ago.
video idea!! will english evolve in the future? (u probably make a better title)
"...the third and final Punic War led to absolute defeat for..." I could swear you said "Carnage" rather that "Carthage"
...absolute defeat in carnage. He said Carnage.
It was carnage, literally and rhetorically
I agree. I think he did say “carnage”.
I heard it like that too 😂
"Carthago delenda est" Well the name is still known.
I grew up next to a place called Etowah, which apparently means "town". It was a large native American town built around these huge mounds. There's also a surprising amount of places in American that still go by their native names. I like to think someone randomly called it that one day and it just caught on lol
it is surprising, or just completely normal? i have spent my whole life in places full of these names. they're just normal, not surprising, to a few hundred million americans.
that is, in fact, how languages are born and develop
as a non American, I really like city with native american name (such as Chicago), it really help remind us that those land used to be theirs
Fun fact: the Spanish city of Cartagena used to be called Carthago Nova. Literally New New Town
J in Slavic languages is clearly pronounced like Y letter (and because J is derived from I) and not "zh" or "English/French J (dzh/zh)", but that's a little bit tangent fact, but still (because it explained swapping of many words J with Y or I with J in history of transliterating foreign words in English).
And the Slavs have the original Latin pronunciation.
It’s also pronounced zh in Portuguese.
Fun fact: Thomas Jefferson wanted to establish a state approximate with what's now Iowa called "Mesopotamia," being as it was between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.
Other fun fact: Punic is intelligible with Hebrew (closer to each other than any other language) and their city names are quite funny for how non-descriptive they are: Old Town (Utica), New Town (Carthage), Good Town (Córdoba)...
Fancy seeing you here! I can figure out Carthage = Chadash/ חדש (New), and Utica = Atica/עתיקה (Old) - is the "Dob" in Cordoba from the same origin as "Tov"? Also are there other such examples of Punic city names that have survived?
Oh hey I love your channel.
I have ancestors who were from Prussia (the part that is now Germany). I do have to explain Prussia sometimes when I mention it, and people have thought I said Russia.
Couldn't you just say that you have ancestors from Germany? Even in Germany, if you said that you had ancestors from Prussia, then they'd assume that you mean the part that is now Polish(they'd understand better if you said the modern day Bundesland(Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz, Thüringen, Hessen, Baden-Würtemberg(if you take it very seriously) or Schleswig-Holstein) otherwise they'll think you meant Prussia, Pommerania or Silesia). That way you wouldn't have to explain.
@Cocaine420_ Yes, I typically say Germany. Occasionally, I decide to be more specific.
In German, Prussia and Russia are clearly distinguishable: Prussia is Preußen and Russia is Russland. Oddly though, my father was born in a part of East Prussia that now belongs to Russia, so for me it would make sense bo5h ways 😀
Thanks for sharing! I love learning from this channel!
i have a mild correction: "Phoenician" did not evolve into "Punic" or "phoenicus" into "punicus" for that matter. "punicus" is most likely an older borrowing into Latin, probably from some Ancient Greek dialect that had an /u/ or /y/ vowel sound in there. "phoenicus" must be a later borrowing from a time when the Romans tried to reflex Greek more "correctly"
the pronunciation of ‹ph› as something like /f/ is a slightly later development.
as a rule of thumb: /f/ sounds don't develop into /p/ sounds on their own, only by being borrowed/adapted into a language that only has the /p/ sound. conversely /p/ sounds _love_ to turn into /f/ like sounds all the time (happened in Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, eventually in Greek, in Arabic, Japanese, partially in High German.. it's extremely common)
I watch a lot of your videos, I really enjoy them. I have added your books to my Amazon Wish List for future purchase.
I'm old enough to remember Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Ceylon and Siam still being valid. Cambodia became Kampuchea and then back to Cambodia again and now the Netherlands is discouraging use of the name Holland.
If they made Australia officially Oz year one kids would cheer because it's easier to spell. 😅
If they made Australia officially Oz, then kids might think The Wizard of Oz is about Australia.
8:22 Pangaea stopped existing when the majority of its inhabitants voting for pangexit
Carthage still exists. It's a suburb of Tunis nowadays. They signed peace treaty with Rome to end the Punic Wars in 1985.
Important point, regarding the discussion on Prussia's name:
its native German name is "Preußen" ("proy" - "sen" with a sharp "s-sound" ) not "Prussland" !
My sister is married to a German guy (since 1974. I think they should be okay... 😂). Actually he's Swabian. When I visited in my teens, I heard a couple in the town who were definitely German but also definitely not local. Then I heard someone mutter something like "sau" (pronounced sow - as in the female pig) Preußen. My brother-in-law said it was essentially "bloody Prussian". I didn't know much about German history (apart from the obvious) at the time so I found it hilarious 🤷🏻♀️.
Yes, even nowadays, there isn't a lot of cultural, ideological, or political overlapp between us North Germans and the South Germans.
At least, that's what it fees like when you grow up in Germany.@@y_fam_goeglyd
I worked with a man form Portsmouth, UK who"s middle name was Trenfield. It was a paternal tradition, and supposedly the family had connections to a town called. Trenfield. I can't find it in any reference volumes.
Do you have any idea where it was, or if it even existed?
Thanks very much.
This videos thumbnail spooked me cause my hometown is called Carthage 😂
Sorry but correction
J in the group of languages that were previously known as Serbo-Croatian is pronounced like an English Y
and the word jug in those same languages means south
So Jugoslavija was as you said South Slavia, or Land of the Southern Slavs
I have been meaning to ask you what dialect of English replaces the unvoiced th sound with f and the voiced th sound with v, as you do. I have heard other Englishmen speak this way, so I do not take it as a speech impediment but as a regional accent.
I'd say London and southern English accents but there are probably others. It can sometimes be associated with "uneducated" people
I love how you add an "uh" at the end of every sentenceuh.
In a manner of speaking Mesopotamia still does exist as a place-name in two cases in the Czech Republic, Valašské Meziříčí and Velké Meziříčí, which respectively mean 'Wallachian Mesopotamia' and 'Great Mesopotamia', the former between the Rožnovská Bečva and the Vsetínská Bečva, the two joining together to form the just plain Bečva and the latter between the Oslava and its tributary, the Balinka. That idea of two rivers named after notable settlements thereon coming together to form a single river - as the Rožnovská Bečva is named after Rožnov pod Radhoštěm and the Vsetínská Bečva is named after Vsetín - is reflected in Germany, where the Freiberger Mulde (Freiberg) joins with the Zwickauer Mulde (Zwickau), near the famous place of Colditz, to form the Mulde.
Meziříčí = Mesopotamia
Mezi = Meso, that's easy; but "říčí "? I was WTF Reich = realm, but then I remembered the context, river = rjeka so říčí must be Czech for rjeka
@@dafyddthomas6897 You're sort of correct there. Czech has a few complications regarding prepositions and the cases they take, 'mezi' ('between') taking the Instrumental Case and they sometimes involve the modification of not only terminal vowels but, on occasions, the consonants that precede them and the vowels that, in turn, precede them. 'Říčí' would be a modification of 'řeky', the plural of 'řeka', to conform to the Instrumental Case. I theorise that 'řeka' is related to the Spanish 'río', which points up another 'Mesopotamia', in Argentina - the region of Entre Ríos - between the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers.
0:45
Careful what you wish for...
05:47 Freudian, said „carnage“ instead of Carthage 😉
As for spelling:
'Y' comes from Greek 'υ', (read as German ü), and that Greek letter is origin for Latin 'u', 'v', 'w' and 'y'.
Letter 'j' comes from 'i' ('i' having sound like in 'sit'), short 'i'. How it came to represent 'dzh' in English, I have no idea.
Is there a link between Punic and Tunis or Tunisia?
Prussia, German: Preußen. Russia, Russland. I don't see how we can confuse these two.
The roots of Prussia lie where the Russian city of Kaliningrad is today. But everyone who was Prussian had to leave Königsberg. The Prussians were an order of knights that not only took part in the campaigns towards Jerusalem. They were also responsible for Christianizing what is now Poland and the Baltic States. Then they turned to Berlin and came to power there. There they became Kings and Kaiser and united Germany.
About Yugoslavia:
It came into existence in 1918 following World War I, under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Name changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929.
After the breakup of SFRY, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which lasted until 2003 with that name (and then until 2006 as Serbia and Montenegro).
I hate to say it, but you are so wrong about these dates.
Still, I have enjoyed you work for some time :)
I've never heard of Mesopotamia including the Mediterranean coast or egypt. Mesopotamia corresponds more or less to current day's Iraq. The map that you showed is the fertile crescent, which includes Mesopotamia and other regions. Mesopotamia is only the region around the 2 rivers.
What do you mean there is no more Yugoslavia? It still exists in the hearts and minds of hundreds of thousands of people in Balkans, and all over the world 😊
Yugoslavia might yet be reborn in the aftermath of WWIII which the world is so perilously close.
Mesopotamia always reminds me of hippopotamus, or river horse. Though whoever named must not have ever seen a real horse in person!
The guy who named Pangea (and is the originator of the continental drift theory) is called Alfred Wegener, not Wenger. I don't mind if names are not perfectly pronounced the way they should, but his got butchered.
Oh wow that's something
Why did you have to spoil the ending of ‘oversimplified: Punic wars’ for me
TIL Mesopotamia and hippopotamus ("river horse") share a common root.
people stopped being hunter gatherers in many places on earth independently. western asia was just the earliest.
Wasn't the area of Yugoslavia, which is a nationalist cncept, previously called Dalmatia?
dalmatia is and was a part of the croatian coastline
@@slav4335 But in roman times, it was the name of the province of what would become Yugoslavia - including Croatia. Look up wikipedia.
When will Macedonia reunite?
*Weimar republic era noir - style dissolve“
Maybe the name Yugo came from a car! /s
Calling Kosovo a nation. Bring in the pop corn! 🍿🍿🍿
Someone didn't learn about kosovo having albanians
Prussia and russia have nothing to do with eachother.
The old Baltic Prussia was called Borussia already by the Romans, a millennium before anything even remotely resembling anything russian.
They took their name from the Kyivan Rus, which originated from Swedish vikings who called themselves ros [pronounced roos in English], and the area they came from is now called Roslagen.
Carthage...
Spanish Haiti
Shouldve also briefly mentioned at the end the two continents of Laurentia and Gondwana which Pangea initially split into before further splitting into the current continents.
Obligatory Finnish self insert.
Russia - Venäjä
Sweden - Ruotsi
Estonia - Viro
Germany - Saksa
Does Saksa originate from Sachsen?
Saxony, no doubt.
Please do a video on my name! I think it's possibly one of the most common names.
Jack and Jill
Jack jumped over the candle stick
Jack and the beanstalk
Jack Frost
Jack in the box
Jack O lantern
Captain Jack Sparrow
Cracker Jack
Lumber Jack
Jack the Pumpkin King
Jack (cards)
Jack of all trades
Jack Off
Jack / -jacked (to take)
Jack up the price
Jacked Up (beat up/messed up)
Jacked (muscular/embodied)
Jack (elevating thing for car wheel)
Jack Hammer
Jack the Ripper
Jumping Jacks
Jax / Jack Stone
Jack-frame
Jack-smith
Jack (young sailer, or assistant)
Jack Links (Jerky Brand)
Jack Cheese / Monterey Jack / Pepper Jack
Jacket
Yellow Jacket
Jackal
Blackjack
Boot Jack
Jackstraw (stick game)
JackFruit
Jackass
Jack Rabbit
Jack Russel Tarrier
Skipjack (tuna)
Phone Jack
Jack (a train)
Jack knife
Jack screw
Jack light
Apple Jack
Jackaroo (sheep apprentice or colonial)
Hi-jack (take control of)
Flap Jack / Slap Jack
Union Jack
Jackpot
Polish;
Russia = Rosja
Russian (adjective) = rosyjski
Russian man = Rosjanin
Russian woman = Rosjanka
Rus' (Kyivan Rus' or Ruthenia or East Slavs) = Ruś
Ruthenian (or adjective for the Kyivan Rus or East Slavs) = ruski [it's also a bit of a slur against Russians]
Prussia = Prusy
Prussian (adjective) = pruski
Prussian man = Prusak
Prussian woman = Prusaczka
Prussian person (Baltic) = Prus
Eeeww.. civiliSation... gross bro