Hi Dr. Sabine, my comment got lost this morning several times, therefore the test with "?"😅 Thanks for the video and the quiz, I will check it now to get the reliable number of black holes in my brain.
I want to say thank you for your work in the field of science as well as here on UA-cam. People like you are those that actually connect to people outside of the field giving them a chance to develop interest and pursue a future in science. If it was not for people that impressed and excited me i would never have become a software developer for example.
Kudos for finding excuses to make videos so you can do ad reads. You can chart out the mortgage and car payment schedules for some content creators by it. You should do a video on cold fusion--that topic never gets old, and you can do an ad read for a VPN.
Allow me to pose another theory : 'These mini black holes of various sizes affects only women and results in their sometimes erratic behaviour'. Seems a pretty valid theory amongst all the other theories. All that needs be done is prove this theory, for which a sizeable grant would help.
Won't such tiny black holes evaporate basically instantaneously? A 1 kg black hole evaporates in 1e-16 s, it doesn't have time to make any holes at all.
We don't know if there is a stable minimum size of black holes or a series of (semi)stable sizes of black holes which no longer release hawking radiation (through some restrictive mechanism). Sort of like a stable isotope of black hole. If these exist, the universe could be filled with tiny black hole particles.
I think the authors of this study just ignored any Hawking radiation. There is still no proof that this radiation really exist, so you don't need to include it into your study. And then you can just do the mathematics how a black hole of a certain mass should behave in certain circumstances.
Serious thought, I assumed that one might feel a chill and all the hairs on one's body would float up when the Bose-Einstein condensate breezes through ones head as holographic ghosts peer in.
Haha, I had that idea ~50 years ago. I was ten and was terrified that I should ran into a black hole that was small, and it would punch a hole in me and start eating me from the inside. Well well, it never happened.
perhaps it never happened or perhaps its been happening all along and one day you'll stand up and just fall apart into tiny pieces... kind of like black hole jenga.
Small black holes are unlikely because they would have evaporated due to Hawking radiation. The mass discrepancy observed in black holes could be explained by past merging events (with gas, stars, and other black holes), which increased their mass beyond initial theoretical predictions. Another possibility is that we don't fully understand how stellar black holes are formed, as we have never directly observed the collapse of a star into a black hole.
Depends on the initial mass of the black hole. You are right that black holes that were initially too small would have evaporated already. But the ones that were heavier than that would still be around -- still shrinking, basically.
@@arctic_haze Whether we can detect the Hawking radiation of tiny black holes before the final flash depends on how many of these black holes there are and what their masses are. The heavier, the lower the temperature, the harder the radiation is to detect. There is a huge range of masses in which we would have no chance to detect them. I didn't realize that people misjudge the size of black holes so much, sorry about that. I should have said this clearer I realize now.
Odd, I sometimes feel as though it may be younger that 13.8. Do you have issues attempting to reconcile the static CMBR boundary with cosmological expansion? I find that I seam to end up with 2 different observable boundaries overlapping. aka Part of me expects the early galaxies to be moving "out" of the viewable past light cone due to expansion (aka toward the CMBR), so I don't feel in any way surprised to see mature formations in the re-ionization period. This is just a 4D visual effect for me. Created between the static CMB boundary, and the very different past light cone boundary distorted by expansion. > Any thoughts?
Now we have a new theory about the cause of dementia. But seriously, great and interesting report again, I often thought about these traces that tiny BHs should leave in "condensed matter".
So, we can prove the existence of a black hole simply by finding out that two socks go into a washing machine, but only one comes out? The foundation of a new study has been laid.
@@MrDead1975 😂Stop walking around with small change, the zeros are important, just put a paper dollar, then see how they multiply by thickening the sheet in the credit card! Money circulates through the holes!
There is a novel by author David Brinn named Earth. The initial premise is that advances in power generation using micro black holes (singularities) is undergoing testing. The first power plant using this technology loses the singularity due to sabotage, causing the micro black hole to fall into the Earth, and orbit it internally. While trying to find the black hole and capture it before there is an earth sized black hole in orbit around the Sun, they discover a second micro black hole that is of alien origin. Hijinks ensue. It's a great book that guessed a lot of future technology and attitudes towards technology.
Dear Sabine - please bear in mind that lifetime decreases with mass, and power output increases. So a BH with a mass of an aircraft carrier lasts just a few years and is considerably smaller than a proton. BHs any smaller than that had better be local or they won't get here before they expire.
"I did not do my homework" 2000 - A hamster ate the homework. 2015 - A computer crashed and I forgot to press save. 2030 - A black hole ate my homework.
Does this explain the huge black hole in the Scottish finances? Been trying to find out myself, but a lot of those involved prefer not to say. Not entirely sure why they prefer not to say.
We have in Scotland what is known as compassion. Which had been, a bit thin on the ground almost as thin as the hair on my baldy heid. Seems like the mental health services are being improved and supported much better now.
Sabine, yes, I thought looking for tracks in rocks would be an interesting way to discover the existence of primordial black holes. One might have to examine a lot of rocks and rock faces to say anything meaningful about the abundance of PBH's though. Black holes on the order of 10e-35 might not be hot enough to leave a melt track. If they are not hot, they could simply pass through the Earth without interacting enough to leave a track.
As a former geology-petrology student, I looked at hundreds of rocks in thin-section in a microscope and while you see the effects of radioactive decay particles from bits of uranium and its daughter elements damaging the crystal lattice of the host mineral grain (via changes in the optics) there are no odd holes or tracks ever seen.
Sabine well addressed this exact point in another comment. Basically rather than approaching final evaporation weight, she suggested a better choice would have been 1g ; still with diameter of ~ 10^-30m and perhaps better illustrating the idea presented.
Such a great book. I started reading it thinking what a terrifying catastrophe it would be and finished reading it thinking, ‘Yes, I want this to happen!’
Gregory Benford is an SF author and physicist who wrote a book called: "Eater" that posited a black hole entering the Earth and hollowing it out. Great read and who knows, probable?
Love the idea of a quiz at the end! 😊 Perhaps these mini black holes are what may have at least partially hollowed out portions of the moon. Cuz that’s much more reasonable than the theory that it’s a giant spaceship and that that is why it rings like bell 🥴🥴🥴
@arctic_haze I'm thinking about what phenomena could curve space time upon itself to such an intensity at such a small mass. And why. Investgating this might yield information about the curvature of spacetime at the quantum scale.
@@WonkyWiIl A very concentrated mass. Such as the point-like particles. Isn't it a wonder that Heisenberg uncertainty saves them from being black holes? But objects bigger than the Planck scale wouldn't be saved this way.
@@arctic_haze Can you please explain why that is or refer to something to look that up (the particles not collapsing due to uncertainty)? I never heard about that but i think it is interesting, could be a nice science video here on UA-cam i guess.
I always thought (and believe was told at some point) that black holes that small would cease existence within a tiny fraction of a second due to Hawking radiation.
A fun video, thanks, Sabine. In 1985, Gregory Benford published a very entertaining novel called Artifact which dealt with the consequences of a singularity - a tiny black hole, that became trapped by humans 3500 years ago and which re-emerged in the 20th century. He provided some solid physics in his appendices to support his thesis, an uncommon thing in SF novels.
If you look at the description of an object in multiple dimensions. Mass is in everyone of them, then shouldn't the affect of gravity apply across all of them. A 4th dimensional object would be invisible to us, but the gravity would be felt in all dimensions.
If space really was 4D, why would we be stuck just to this single hyperplane of it? And then why wouldn't we observe anything moving along that fourth axis, passing through our hyperplane?
Objects in reality are always 3D, not more, not less. That is what we observe. Math tells us there could be more dimensions but math is just a language. With any language that involves letters to form words and sentences, we can randomly stick some letters/words together but that doesn't mean that there is a connection to reality with the English 'word' "lqtvpw4thnapuiascrefuioew", hell, we could use language to make up stories like fairy-tails and we know they are not true. Why would math be different. Find me an object that is not 3D and we will talk more about this.
A black hole of mass of 1 gram would evaporate in way less than 1 second, so wouldn't the all be gone? But then if black holes evaporate through Hawking Radiation, what happens when they get smaller than the virtual particles that form it. With the idea that one of the pair gets trapped in the event horizon, once the event horizon is 10^18 times smaller than a quark this process may no longer work. As far as we know, they could remain stable after reaching sufficiently low mass.
The math checks out for Hawking radiation. But it has yet to be demonstrated to exist. Humans wouldn’t spend that much money to prove the Higgs boson existed if all you needed was the math.
The explanation with the pairs that lose over partner in the horizon is wrong anyway. The Hawking radiation comes from the fact that vacuum for observers at rest looks radiative for accelerated observers and vice versa.
13th Century Theology: "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?" 21st Century Physics: "How many black holes can pass through the head of a pin?"
As a philosopher of Neuroscience/Physics/Math/Epistemology, this comment feels real. There is gold in this thought! Think of a flat earther, information goes in, gets destroyed and all you get back out is like the cognitive form of blackbody heat. You might have just unlocked a new physics/psychology
This supports my theory about the disappearance of socks, somewhere between the laundry basket, the washing machine and the dryer! Now we need to study whether micro black holes prefer to interact with left- or right-foot socks. Perhaps this would solve the mystery of the excess of matter over antimatter.
00:20 _They kjow less tosay than they knew a decade ago. This is virtually impossible unless everyone got Alzheimer's and recordings of knowledge were lost. They rather know now that they previously knew less than they thought in the first place.
Tiny black holes are attracted to driers, where they spaghettify socks and knit sweaters. And when wool shrinks in the drier, where does the missing wool go? That’s right, wooly accretion disks.
Oddly, this reminds me of a poster session that I once went to where the guy suggested that open-source programmers show signs of being time travellers and that we should think about ways to keep ourselves safe from time-travelling hackers. I wasn't sure if the guy was trying to get funding or to make sure that he never got funding again. Similarly, I can't figure out the motivation of the authors of the paper discussed here.
I love videos like this because it resonates with my idea that we are missing some fundamental and substantial piece of the big puzzle, basically anything that is not yet captured properly in existing models. Quantum fields, black holes, but also the (possibility of the) big bang or the philosophical but still scientific question "Why is there even life at all?. I really like out-of-the-box ideas like "Maybe a universe can actually be inside of a black hole, and we might be living in one", or the idea presented in this video, for the same reason that thinking in 4 dimensions is hard as a 3 dimensional being. I think we need to go outside of the box to solve the mysteries of astrophysics, the question is, can we even crack this at all?
Other fun thing, Roger Penrose has at times opted that gravitational waves collapse the wavefunction. With plenty of teeny-tiny black holes around, should be some amount of gravitational waving about.
My favorite candidate for primordial black holes would be very small, extremal (horizonless, thus non-radiating) black holes. Once their sizes start to approach quantum limits, their properties look very similar to the particles of the Standard Model particles we know today.
I read a similar idea in a science magazine that an electron, having mass yet due to it being 'a point source', would be on the verge of being a black hole. It didn't make much sense to me, although the article invoked stuff about planke dimensions to get out of various paradoxes. I never did get my head around it.
@@bikerfirefarter7280 Me either, it's something I think a lot about, though. It could provide a Unified Field Theory, so I think it's deserving of more thought.
i am having a hard time understanding how a black hole would pass through a planet and leave a tunnel, without sucking the rest of the material that is attached to whatever it absorbed to create that tunnel.
I've tested the socks hypothesis over the last 50 years and now have hundreds of single socks to help prove that they do disappear in washers and dryers.
I loved that visual of the primordial black holes, made me whimsically think: Could we be living in the space left behind by (inside) all those overlapping primordial black holes? :)
I know that it's difficult to make videos every day, but I'm still disappointed how little you covered of this topic. Please consider increasing the length of the videos
I'm going to show this video to my teacher to convince her that microblackholes passed across my head while i was writing my exam emptying me of any ideas
Steady state, Sabine! Why is it so difficult to imagine the universe as always having existed? No beginning and no end, just "localized" beginnings and endings.
Very nice Sabine. I've always felt that the non detection of primordial black holes exploding was an overlooked clue. There might not be any, which would be interesting, or maybe they do exist but don't decay the way the shotgun marriage of quantum mechanics and general relativity says they should. That would be even more interesting. In any case, keep up the good work! :D
I can't imagine how often scientists were forced to rework their models because new data caused contradictions. It even makes me wonder if we will ever find out all the secrets of our universe
I think the red shift method is way off to measure the age of the universe. Instead of questioning why those early galaxies or black holes, let's find solutions! Let's start by revisiting the age of the Universe? If you double it, you fixed a lot of newly found observations issues!
About 40 years ago I read a sci-fi story about hunting for primordial black holes. Since it was an American story, the protagonist - how else - used a captured black hole to commit a perfect crime by dropping it on his adversary...
We need a bubble chamber on exa-energy scales. There is a non-zero probability that a black hole / white-hole pair should just pop out of the vacuum. It is a really low probability, but it's not zero. Some formulations have electrons/positrons as Kerr black holes, and they come close to predicting the correct observable mass and charge.
The evaporation time for a Planck-mass mini black hole is approximately 8.67×10^-40 seconds. This extremely short time suggests that such a black hole would evaporate almost immediately.
Actually, primordial black holes being dark matter is again pretty popular in cosmology nowadays, thanks to the GW observations, which primordial black holes can also source. The observational constraints are somewhat tight, but the possibility is not yet completely ruled out (which is about as good as for any other popular dark matter candidate).
I remember quite old czech scifi story, where such small black hole was third moon of Mars, circulating exactly on surface of Mars. It got name Díros which means something like "Holeos" in Czech. (To be similar like Phobos and Deimos)
I've speculated that our universe is the event horizon of a 4 dimensional black hole and what we observe as black holes are actually holes that drain from beyond our universe and add to the hole we surround. So that would explain it being a much higher mass than expected.
I've calculated (i'm no physicist so read that with a grain of salt) that tiny black holes can't sustain their own mass at all because the radiation pressure generated by their evaporation is greater than their gravitational pull. This is not the case if they are massive enough, but in this range they would either have a detectable mass, or they would still be very small to absorb anything.
I might have the partial answer, though not directly at the moment, if things work out, that certainly should, hopefully not in a very long time I will inform you! Thank you for your videos, your job has impacts you might not be aware of, but it is significant, and they keep me alive!
"[Physicists] know less today than they knew a decade ago." Yeah, I had a chemistry lesson like that. I walked in knowing about electron shells (2,8,8 etc) and then got told that was a simplification. Suddenly what I "knew" was wrong and I had yet to get to grips with what had replaced it!
There is one in the center of my brain. First thing I thought reading the teaser. Should have remembered that this is your kind of humor too. Now that I've started the comment, let's finish it before the hole causes me to forget what I'm doing here
The kind of black holes you're talking about.. so tiny! It would be like a spaceship traveling through interstellar space. The odds of it hitting something are quite large.
Ah, there it is. The explanation why I suffered a stroke out of nowhere last year. Much better than dissection of a carotis artery following a heavy flu infection (which made for funny conversations at work though: "Why have you been in rehab?" "I sneezed. You see, when I sneeze, I get a stroke and my landlord has to renovate my bathroom").
Thank you for covering the evidence (or lack thereof) of tiny black holes. I have suspected that dark matter is tiny primordial black holes, (and am not convinced of the Hawking Radiation theory that they would evaporate), but you explained why the (lack of) evidence indicates otherwise.
This video comes with a quiz which you can take here: quizwithit.com/_quiz__page/1729573302709x260475308913442180
Hi Dr. Sabine, my comment got lost this morning several times, therefore the test with "?"😅 Thanks for the video and the quiz, I will check it now to get the reliable number of black holes in my brain.
@@Thomas-gk42 ah, I was wondering about that!
I want to say thank you for your work in the field of science as well as here on UA-cam. People like you are those that actually connect to people outside of the field giving them a chance to develop interest and pursue a future in science. If it was not for people that impressed and excited me i would never have become a software developer for example.
Kudos for finding excuses to make videos so you can do ad reads. You can chart out the mortgage and car payment schedules for some content creators by it. You should do a video on cold fusion--that topic never gets old, and you can do an ad read for a VPN.
15/20 🤗
“But then, data got in the way.” I am literally rolling on the floor. love you Sabine 😂
Black hole ate the data 😂
damn facts everywhere
Do you mean quantum black holes?
@@RobCoghanable did someone say Kamala brain?
@@realryder2626 Why'd you have to go and be that guy?
Every night a tiny black hole crosses my body leaving me with an empty stomach in the morning.
I have that right now. And my brain 🧠 is probably a Swiss cheese 🧀 of black holes.
😂😂😂😂😂
"I'm not in black hole. I *AM* black hole!" (c) Walter Heisenburg
You wish, as do all of us on a restricted diet!
Allow me to pose another theory : 'These mini black holes of various sizes affects only women and results in their sometimes erratic behaviour'.
Seems a pretty valid theory amongst all the other theories. All that needs be done is prove this theory, for which a sizeable grant would help.
No wonder I can't find my keys.
That must be where my socks disappear to when I do laundry.
and if one of your socks is missing after washing, then there must have been a black hole inside your washing machine
@@t.kersten7695quantum state will collapse after you checked
I found them. Tunnel on over…
😂😂😂😂
A dog did not eat my homework. A primordial black hole did!
My dog is a black hole. You should see him eat.
you mean a substellar mass primordial black hole
Won't such tiny black holes evaporate basically instantaneously? A 1 kg black hole evaporates in 1e-16 s, it doesn't have time to make any holes at all.
Not if Hawking radiation is not true. It was never proven and the physics behind it are fishy (basically a quantum hack, not truly sound).
If time stands still inside the black hole wouldn't it be eternal?
We don't know if there is a stable minimum size of black holes or a series of (semi)stable sizes of black holes which no longer release hawking radiation (through some restrictive mechanism). Sort of like a stable isotope of black hole. If these exist, the universe could be filled with tiny black hole particles.
Also micro black holes should give off huge amounts of Hawking radiation, which should be easily detectable.
I think the authors of this study just ignored any Hawking radiation. There is still no proof that this radiation really exist, so you don't need to include it into your study. And then you can just do the mathematics how a black hole of a certain mass should behave in certain circumstances.
Serious thought, I assumed that one might feel a chill and all the hairs on one's body would float up when the Bose-Einstein condensate breezes through ones head as holographic ghosts peer in.
How do you think the Swiss make Emmenthal cheese?
These pesky critters are also an essential feature of the British government's budgetary process. ⚫
Not just British, It´s a phenomenon of the cosmic unicorn economy, I think😉
And through the holes were rather small
They had to count them all
Not at all.
Those are stellar mass black holes
That explains a lot actually. Memory and judgement lapses. Random aches and pains out of the blue (or the black). At least that’s what I’ll blame 😂
Think about Brain Farts?! I'm 100% sure they're tiny black holes.
Out with the antioxidants, in with the antimicroblackholes.
@@NoNowwwell You just invented a whole (pun intended) new line of skin-care products.....
Id be more suspicious cosmic rays irritating nerves would be the cause of random pains.
Haha, I had that idea ~50 years ago. I was ten and was terrified that I should ran into a black hole that was small, and it would punch a hole in me and start eating me from the inside.
Well well, it never happened.
there's a thing called bullet which does the same including flesh "eating" infections. black holes are just a tad more extravagant.
Oh but it did. Its called the mainstream media...
At least not that you remember.
Yet.
perhaps it never happened or perhaps its been happening all along and one day you'll stand up and just fall apart into tiny pieces... kind of like black hole jenga.
Small black holes are unlikely because they would have evaporated due to Hawking radiation. The mass discrepancy observed in black holes could be explained by past merging events (with gas, stars, and other black holes), which increased their mass beyond initial theoretical predictions. Another possibility is that we don't fully understand how stellar black holes are formed, as we have never directly observed the collapse of a star into a black hole.
Exactly. I came here to say the same thing about the Hawkings radiation.
Depends on the initial mass of the black hole. You are right that black holes that were initially too small would have evaporated already. But the ones that were heavier than that would still be around -- still shrinking, basically.
@SabineHossenfelder And emitting Hawking radiation which we actually cannot find.
@@arctic_haze Whether we can detect the Hawking radiation of tiny black holes before the final flash depends on how many of these black holes there are and what their masses are. The heavier, the lower the temperature, the harder the radiation is to detect. There is a huge range of masses in which we would have no chance to detect them.
I didn't realize that people misjudge the size of black holes so much, sorry about that. I should have said this clearer I realize now.
@@SabineHossenfelderand artic-haze: These "final flashes" should be gamma ray bursts, no?
I've always thought 13.7 billion years was too low of a number for the age of the universe. I bet we'll keep finding things that confirm my suspicion.
Maybe thats only the age of the observable universe...
Odd, I sometimes feel as though it may be younger that 13.8.
Do you have issues attempting to reconcile the static CMBR boundary with cosmological expansion?
I find that I seam to end up with 2 different observable boundaries overlapping. aka Part of me expects the early galaxies to be moving "out" of the viewable past light cone due to expansion (aka toward the CMBR), so I don't feel in any way surprised to see mature formations in the re-ionization period.
This is just a 4D visual effect for me. Created between the static CMB boundary, and the very different past light cone boundary distorted by expansion.
>
Any thoughts?
Probably, but it may have existed in different state in which time didn't make sense. Or maybe that's just what we can see.
Nice to see you in here
Especially when the universe is eternal!
Personally, I prefer Penrose's Cyclic Cosmology, which does in fact perfectly explains these black holes!
I am grateful to the USA budget deficit for teaching me to think of numbers on a very large scale.
Now we have a new theory about the cause of dementia. But seriously, great and interesting report again, I often thought about these traces that tiny BHs should leave in "condensed matter".
....and children will have a better explanation what causes cavities in their teeth
😂 😂 😂
Thanks
Thanks in return from the entire team!
Fascinating! Perhaps it could explain the disappearing socks in the dryer.
Thanks, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
They hide in the pillow case.
So, we can prove the existence of a black hole simply by finding out that two socks go into a washing machine, but only one comes out?
The foundation of a new study has been laid.
0:00 Free lobotomy
I had half a mind to say that.................
😹😹
I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy...
But... but lobotomy is already free? It's state funded procedure....
@@RedRouge-j4j I was in two minds about it
I have suspected for some time micro black holes pass through my wallet
😂😂😂😂😂
Bank fee singularity eating up all our money
Looks like I got big black holes in mine. 🤔
And oddly, always after visiting a bar.
@@MrDead1975 😂Stop walking around with small change, the zeros are important, just put a paper dollar, then see how they multiply by thickening the sheet in the credit card! Money circulates through the holes!
2:25 - 80% of the matter in the universe is dark chocolate! I like the idea!
That's a tasty idea.
I prefer the sweet chocolate from the milky way.
There is a novel by author David Brinn named Earth. The initial premise is that advances in power generation using micro black holes (singularities) is undergoing testing. The first power plant using this technology loses the singularity due to sabotage, causing the micro black hole to fall into the Earth, and orbit it internally. While trying to find the black hole and capture it before there is an earth sized black hole in orbit around the Sun, they discover a second micro black hole that is of alien origin. Hijinks ensue. It's a great book that guessed a lot of future technology and attitudes towards technology.
Dear Sabine - please bear in mind that lifetime decreases with mass, and power output increases. So a BH with a mass of an aircraft carrier lasts just a few years and is considerably smaller than a proton. BHs any smaller than that had better be local or they won't get here before they expire.
A black hole is simply a plasmoid surrounded by a toroid to which galactic arms/birkeland current filaments are connected. There are videos on it.
"I did not do my homework"
2000 - A hamster ate the homework.
2015 - A computer crashed and I forgot to press save.
2030 - A black hole ate my homework.
This would explain why baby black holes that are generally innocent turn into humongous assholes when they’re older.
Does this explain the huge black hole in the Scottish finances? Been trying to find out myself, but a lot of those involved prefer not to say. Not entirely sure why they prefer not to say.
We have in Scotland what is known as compassion. Which had been, a bit thin on the ground almost as thin as the hair on my baldy heid. Seems like the mental health services are being improved and supported much better now.
Hadn't heard of this, but not super surprised!
Genocide in Scotland? Probably just another one of my delusions and will have to remove that from the back of my mind.
😂😂😂😂😂
That "maybe it left a hole in my brain" line was hilarious and well-delivered.
Sabine, yes, I thought looking for tracks in rocks would be an interesting way to discover the existence of primordial black holes. One might have to examine a lot of rocks and rock faces to say anything meaningful about the abundance of PBH's though. Black holes on the order of 10e-35 might not be hot enough to leave a melt track. If they are not hot, they could simply pass through the Earth without interacting enough to leave a track.
As a former geology-petrology student, I looked at hundreds of rocks in thin-section in a microscope and while you see the effects of radioactive decay particles from bits of uranium and its daughter elements damaging the crystal lattice of the host mineral grain (via changes in the optics) there are no odd holes or tracks ever seen.
I thought this question was asked in the past, and the answer always was something like: such a small black hole would evaporate very quickly.
@4:00 A black hole with mass 10^-5 gram has lifetime of 5E-41 seconds. It is not passing through anything.
And what if the black hole is travelling at a velocity close to that of light?
Sabine well addressed this exact point in another comment.
Basically rather than approaching final evaporation weight, she suggested a better choice would have been 1g ; still with diameter of ~ 10^-30m and perhaps better illustrating the idea presented.
This could explain the German Chancellor's memory lapses.
😂
Micro black holes covered in science fiction: "Earth" by David Brin.
Such a great book. I started reading it thinking what a terrifying catastrophe it would be and finished reading it thinking, ‘Yes, I want this to happen!’
Came to the comments section to share this. That black hole was (probably) a weapon though.
'unless the black hole ate the paper' this got a good chuckle outta me lmaoo 😂😂😂😂
When a black hole goes through your brain you start saying things like "They're eating the dogs! They're eating the cats!"
Sabine, you are so great. I'm endlessly grateful for your work. Just, from that bottom of my ❤ thank you.
I love your programs ,some times i understand a little bit,
Gregory Benford is an SF author and physicist who wrote a book called: "Eater" that posited a black hole entering the Earth and hollowing it out. Great read and who knows, probable?
Black holes in the brain could explain why your phone rarely rings these days.
And when it does ring it's always Elon Musk. Somebody connect the telephone to an alien planet or something so we can hear somebody other than Elon.
Love the idea of a quiz at the end! 😊 Perhaps these mini black holes are what may have at least partially hollowed out portions of the moon. Cuz that’s much more reasonable than the theory that it’s a giant spaceship and that that is why it rings like bell 🥴🥴🥴
A black hole size at or near the planck length. That would be interesting indeed.
It would not live long.
@arctic_haze I'm thinking about what phenomena could curve space time upon itself to such an intensity at such a small mass. And why. Investgating this might yield information about the curvature of spacetime at the quantum scale.
@@WonkyWiIl A very concentrated mass. Such as the point-like particles. Isn't it a wonder that Heisenberg uncertainty saves them from being black holes? But objects bigger than the Planck scale wouldn't be saved this way.
@arctic_haze thanks for that. No need to investigate.
@@arctic_haze Can you please explain why that is or refer to something to look that up (the particles not collapsing due to uncertainty)? I never heard about that but i think it is interesting, could be a nice science video here on UA-cam i guess.
I always thought (and believe was told at some point) that black holes that small would cease existence within a tiny fraction of a second due to Hawking radiation.
3:07 lol, here you sound as you would announce the sponsor of the video 😂
5:25 The add starts here 😉
A fun video, thanks, Sabine. In 1985, Gregory Benford published a very entertaining novel called Artifact which dealt with the consequences of a singularity - a tiny black hole, that became trapped by humans 3500 years ago and which re-emerged in the 20th century. He provided some solid physics in his appendices to support his thesis, an uncommon thing in SF novels.
If you look at the description of an object in multiple dimensions. Mass is in everyone of them, then shouldn't the affect of gravity apply across all of them. A 4th dimensional object would be invisible to us, but the gravity would be felt in all dimensions.
An object cannot exists in only the fourth dimension. However gravity permeating time would be a cool solution to inertia.
If space really was 4D, why would we be stuck just to this single hyperplane of it? And then why wouldn't we observe anything moving along that fourth axis, passing through our hyperplane?
Space exists on all dimensions. A 2d object wouldn't observe the deformations of a 3d object.
Objects in reality are always 3D, not more, not less. That is what we observe.
Math tells us there could be more dimensions but math is just a language. With any language that involves letters to form words and sentences, we can randomly stick some letters/words together but that doesn't mean that there is a connection to reality with the English 'word' "lqtvpw4thnapuiascrefuioew", hell, we could use language to make up stories like fairy-tails and we know they are not true. Why would math be different.
Find me an object that is not 3D and we will talk more about this.
Grazie.
That would explain a lot 😂😂😂
Thank you so much for everything you do for us!!! Always learning!!
A black hole of mass of 1 gram would evaporate in way less than 1 second, so wouldn't the all be gone? But then if black holes evaporate through Hawking Radiation, what happens when they get smaller than the virtual particles that form it.
With the idea that one of the pair gets trapped in the event horizon, once the event horizon is 10^18 times smaller than a quark this process may no longer work. As far as we know, they could remain stable after reaching sufficiently low mass.
The math checks out for Hawking radiation. But it has yet to be demonstrated to exist. Humans wouldn’t spend that much money to prove the Higgs boson existed if all you needed was the math.
The explanation with the pairs that lose over partner in the horizon is wrong anyway. The Hawking radiation comes from the fact that vacuum for observers at rest looks radiative for accelerated observers and vice versa.
In the standard model, fundamental particles are point particles, so their size is 0
13th Century Theology: "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?" 21st Century Physics: "How many black holes can pass through the head of a pin?"
It is an interesting observation. The ancients didn't have the experiences and tools of description that we have today, but they were not stupid :)
My brain has a tiny black hole in it.
Information goes in, but never comes out.
As a philosopher of Neuroscience/Physics/Math/Epistemology, this comment feels real. There is gold in this thought!
Think of a flat earther, information goes in, gets destroyed and all you get back out is like the cognitive form of blackbody heat. You might have just unlocked a new physics/psychology
This supports my theory about the disappearance of socks, somewhere between the laundry basket, the washing machine and the dryer!
Now we need to study whether micro black holes prefer to interact with left- or right-foot socks. Perhaps this would solve the mystery of the excess of matter over antimatter.
00:20
_They kjow less tosay than they knew a decade ago.
This is virtually impossible unless everyone got Alzheimer's and recordings of knowledge were lost.
They rather know now that they previously knew less than they thought in the first place.
I see what you mean, I phrased this badly. What I mean is that what they previously thought they understood turned out to not work.
@@SabineHossenfelderThis hapend more when we wake ap from dreams!
Tiny black holes are attracted to driers, where they spaghettify socks and knit sweaters. And when wool shrinks in the drier, where does the missing wool go? That’s right, wooly accretion disks.
Has anybody thought of investigating the theory around politicians? It looks very much like the epicenter for black holes.
Holes in my brain... That explains why I forgot what I went upstairs for...
Oddly, this reminds me of a poster session that I once went to where the guy suggested that open-source programmers show signs of being time travellers and that we should think about ways to keep ourselves safe from time-travelling hackers. I wasn't sure if the guy was trying to get funding or to make sure that he never got funding again. Similarly, I can't figure out the motivation of the authors of the paper discussed here.
I love videos like this because it resonates with my idea that we are missing some fundamental and substantial piece of the big puzzle, basically anything that is not yet captured properly in existing models. Quantum fields, black holes, but also the (possibility of the) big bang or the philosophical but still scientific question "Why is there even life at all?. I really like out-of-the-box ideas like "Maybe a universe can actually be inside of a black hole, and we might be living in one", or the idea presented in this video, for the same reason that thinking in 4 dimensions is hard as a 3 dimensional being. I think we need to go outside of the box to solve the mysteries of astrophysics, the question is, can we even crack this at all?
Other fun thing, Roger Penrose has at times opted that gravitational waves collapse the wavefunction. With plenty of teeny-tiny black holes around, should be some amount of gravitational waving about.
My favorite candidate for primordial black holes would be very small, extremal (horizonless, thus non-radiating) black holes. Once their sizes start to approach quantum limits, their properties look very similar to the particles of the Standard Model particles we know today.
I read a similar idea in a science magazine that an electron, having mass yet due to it being 'a point source', would be on the verge of being a black hole. It didn't make much sense to me, although the article invoked stuff about planke dimensions to get out of various paradoxes. I never did get my head around it.
@@bikerfirefarter7280 Me either, it's something I think a lot about, though. It could provide a Unified Field Theory, so I think it's deserving of more thought.
i am having a hard time understanding how a black hole would pass through a planet and leave a tunnel, without sucking the rest of the material that is attached to whatever it absorbed to create that tunnel.
I've tested the socks hypothesis over the last 50 years and now have hundreds of single socks to help prove that they do disappear in washers and dryers.
Love her daily shot of science and her tongue in the cheek humor
I should have used, "a primordial black hole ate my homework," while I was in high school, but we didn't know about them back in the 80's.
I loved that visual of the primordial black holes, made me whimsically think: Could we be living in the space left behind by (inside) all those overlapping primordial black holes? :)
I know that it's difficult to make videos every day, but I'm still disappointed how little you covered of this topic. Please consider increasing the length of the videos
i heard that the collisions at Cern could create tiny black holes
I'm going to show this video to my teacher to convince her that microblackholes passed across my head while i was writing my exam emptying me of any ideas
Steady state, Sabine! Why is it so difficult to imagine the universe as always having existed? No beginning and no end, just "localized" beginnings and endings.
You can imagine everything.
Hi. I can't come into work today. A tiny black hole just went through my brain.
A black key hole leads into another room
Very nice Sabine. I've always felt that the non detection of primordial black holes exploding was an overlooked clue. There might not be any, which would be interesting, or maybe they do exist but don't decay the way the shotgun marriage of quantum mechanics and general relativity says they should. That would be even more interesting.
In any case, keep up the good work! :D
3:37 And I thought Brittle Hollow in Outer Wilds is just romanticized science fiction...
"I'm sorry Mrs. Teacher, but a primordial black hole flew through my room and ate my homework."
I can't imagine how often scientists were forced to rework their models because new data caused contradictions. It even makes me wonder if we will ever find out all the secrets of our universe
I think the red shift method is way off to measure the age of the universe. Instead of questioning why those early galaxies or black holes, let's find solutions! Let's start by revisiting the age of the Universe? If you double it, you fixed a lot of newly found observations issues!
what method have you used to predict the universe is 27 billion years old, and why is that method superior to redshift?
About 40 years ago I read a sci-fi story about hunting for primordial black holes. Since it was an American story, the protagonist - how else - used a captured black hole to commit a perfect crime by dropping it on his adversary...
As a lawyer I hope to never see this as a defense in criminal trials.
I was under the impression that black holes as small as described here would be in the end phase of their evaporation, lasting little time.
We need a bubble chamber on exa-energy scales. There is a non-zero probability that a black hole / white-hole pair should just pop out of the vacuum. It is a really low probability, but it's not zero. Some formulations have electrons/positrons as Kerr black holes, and they come close to predicting the correct observable mass and charge.
The evaporation time for a Planck-mass mini black hole is approximately 8.67×10^-40 seconds.
This extremely short time suggests that such a black hole would evaporate almost immediately.
Black holes could go through planets.
Roland Emmerich:"WRITE THAT DOWN NOW"
Actually, primordial black holes being dark matter is again pretty popular in cosmology nowadays, thanks to the GW observations, which primordial black holes can also source. The observational constraints are somewhat tight, but the possibility is not yet completely ruled out (which is about as good as for any other popular dark matter candidate).
2:25 the image of the dark chocolate made me laugh so hard. 80% black hole cocoa
I remember quite old czech scifi story, where such small black hole was third moon of Mars, circulating exactly on surface of Mars. It got name Díros which means something like "Holeos" in Czech. (To be similar like Phobos and Deimos)
I've speculated that our universe is the event horizon of a 4 dimensional black hole and what we observe as black holes are actually holes that drain from beyond our universe and add to the hole we surround. So that would explain it being a much higher mass than expected.
I've calculated (i'm no physicist so read that with a grain of salt) that tiny black holes can't sustain their own mass at all because the radiation pressure generated by their evaporation is greater than their gravitational pull. This is not the case if they are massive enough, but in this range they would either have a detectable mass, or they would still be very small to absorb anything.
I might have the partial answer, though not directly at the moment, if things work out, that certainly should, hopefully not in a very long time I will inform you! Thank you for your videos, your job has impacts you might not be aware of, but it is significant, and they keep me alive!
Great another thing to worry about! Thanks Sabine!
"The idea that black holes pass through our brains and eat up a few neurons, every once in awhile, really explains a lot." - Sabine is an optimist.
@4:00 so it’s a Planck length in diameter?
"[Physicists] know less today than they knew a decade ago."
Yeah, I had a chemistry lesson like that. I walked in knowing about electron shells (2,8,8 etc) and then got told that was a simplification. Suddenly what I "knew" was wrong and I had yet to get to grips with what had replaced it!
There is one in the center of my brain. First thing I thought reading the teaser. Should have remembered that this is your kind of humor too. Now that I've started the comment, let's finish it before the hole causes me to forget what I'm doing here
The kind of black holes you're talking about.. so tiny! It would be like a spaceship traveling through interstellar space. The odds of it hitting something are quite large.
I know a person that was a PhD student in physics 60 years ago. He was studying tiny black holes. He couldn't find any.
That's a new twist on an old excuse. Instead of "a dog ate my homework" it would be ""a blackhole swallowed my homework".
I can't decide what's better, the video itself, the comments below it or the answers in the quiz. 🤣
Thank you! Now I can confidently say: "honey, I did pay attention to what you said, but I think a black hole just passed through my brain"
Even when she’s not criticising anyone, she’s slightly more than passively digging everyone in every second or third sentence.
Ah, there it is. The explanation why I suffered a stroke out of nowhere last year. Much better than dissection of a carotis artery following a heavy flu infection (which made for funny conversations at work though: "Why have you been in rehab?" "I sneezed. You see, when I sneeze, I get a stroke and my landlord has to renovate my bathroom").
Thank you for covering the evidence (or lack thereof) of tiny black holes. I have suspected that dark matter is tiny primordial black holes, (and am not convinced of the Hawking Radiation theory that they would evaporate), but you explained why the (lack of) evidence indicates otherwise.
Warhol is to art, what these authors are to science.
the tumbnail is almost as legendary as the portal video