How is it that you always seem to publish exactly what I need for my classroom days/hours before I need them?!? You are fantastic! Keep up the great work!
Super Noodles. Motor neuron bodies in the spinal cord extend axons directly out to distal skeletal muscle. Some neurons of the sciatic nerve extend all the way down the leg. Don't confuse the man. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_motor_neuron?wprov=sfla1
Liberia and Myanmar are switching to metric as being metric is better than imperial. It always goes up by a base ten number and you can tell by the name of the units how big the unit is. Millimetre, milli means 1/1000 so a millimetre is 1/1000 metres.
Runos9999 ...... 375 million people out of almost 7,445,189, 250 people, thats like 5% of the world pop. compared to the 95% who does abide to the metric system, this is nobody
As for that bit about the surface area and volume of a cell, I’ve heard it called the square/cube law; basically, an object’s surface area scales with the square of its length, but the volume scales with its cube, so the latter increases more when an object is scaled up. Just thought they could have explained that better.
What about the pseudoplasmodium of coenocytic slime mold? The aggregate form has a single cell wall, and it's capable of basic learning about it's environment (remembering, somehow, interval conditions as an example) and while these usually don't get very big, they can, and they can also subdivide back into separate smaller units.
There are actually some rather large single celled protozoa dwelling on the Abyssal Plain. Apparently the environment down there is stable (and hostile) enough to allow such fragile creatures to survive.
Another aspect you didn’t mention is the radical difference in how things move in the microscopic and macroscopic world’s (I think there’d a Ted-Ed about Reynolds numbers, great additional material); the way animals like the elephants and grizzly bears you mentioned eat and move and reproduce involves a whole mess of rigid skeletons and muscles and specialized cells that likely would be impossible for a unicellular creature to mimic, while a cell’s tricks with microtubule “skeletons” and flagellae would not work at macroscopic scales.
Physarum polycephalum, a 'true slime mould', is but one example of a single-celled organism that can easily become 'larger' than 30cm. It can cover up to 1sqm under the right conditions.
wouldnt a fertilised ostrich egg before the first division be the largest single cell organism? sorry for the bad english, and sorry if this stops the prochoice movement for orstriches.
The reason why there aren't many uni-cellular big organisms is that like it said in the video it doesn't matter if one cell for us gets destroyed (we loose like 37mill everyday) but it will matter for the un-cellular organisms
The cell body of a motor neuron is approximately 100 microns (0.1 millimeter) in diameter and as you now know, the axon is about 1 meter (1,000 millimeter) in length. So, the axon of a motor neuron is 10,000 times as long as the cell body is wide.
2 things. it is this kind of instantaneous access to info that makes the internet the greatest achievement of all time. (for now) and I suspect that the origin of life had many starts and stops before there was a Universe that was perfect enough to be copied endlessly....,
I remember an experiment we did in science class once to demonstrate the difficulty presented by volume increasing faster than surface area. We cut 2 cubes of some kind of gel, one big and one small, and out them in a colored water solution and left them over night. When we cut them open the next day, the smaller cubes were mostly saturated but the larger ones were not. This applies to cells because they rely a lot on the passive diffusion of water (osmosis) in order to save energy. It would take a lot of energy to speed up the transfer of chemicals by using a process other than osmosis.
Would that mean there is a universal volume and surface area limit to every single cell organism using the same math ratio law you stated in the video?
I still have no idea why this Square-cube law exists. If you just measure in larger units, then the cube will always have a 6:1 surface to volume ratio.
Steve Zukley Sure, but the ratio between the two will be in a larger unit as well. Suppose a "doublemeter" was a name of a unit twice as long as a meter. The ratio between a cubic doublemeter and 6 square doublemeters, would be 1/6 doublemeters, while the ratio between a cubic meter and 6 square meters would be 1/6 meters, and 1/6 doublemeters is twice as much as 1/6 meters. Does that make sense?
If x is the side of cube then volume is (x.x.x), total surface is 6.x.x) ratio volume/surface is x/6. The ratio changes as x changes, not constant as 1/6 as you think.
KohuGaly yeah but the surface to volume ratio of a cube of any size should always be the same. let's put it like this: cube1: 6a^2/a^3 and cube2: 6b^2/b^3 right? or should i also take the thickness of the membrane into the account?
TheMihig now look at the ratio. It contains a variable that has different exponent in numerator and denominator. It means the value will be different for any value of that variable. I understand what you are trying to say, but it simply is not how it works.
TheMihig Let's consider a ratio of volume/surface [x=V/S]. Both depend on a size factor (length of one side) [x~r^3 / r^2] (I've left out factors, because they depend on specific shape). which can be simplified to x~r. As you can see, as size factor (length of one side) grows, the ratio V/S rises proportionally. When length of the size doubles(2x), surface quadruples (4x) and volume octuples (8x). Which means V/S ratio doubles too. Volume rises faster than surface when object grows. For similar reason you can't build infinitely big structures, because mass grows proportionally to volume, while base grows proportionally to surface.
Wait, but the"reason" you gave for cells to be small is entirely invalid. Since a cell isn't a cube, it's not true that the ratio of the growth of volume to the growth of surface area will be linear. If your cell was cylindrical and the cell would only grow longer and not broader, then the ratio would be nearly constant (read as, if the cell is shaped like a cylinder and grows longer, the whole problem the video is about doesn't exist). Also, if the cell membrane would be more "folded", looking more like a fractal, you could have huge surface area compared to the volume. I mean, essentially, 3/4 of the video makes no sense because of oversimplification :I
Cylindrical unicellular organism can't only continuously grow longer but not broader at all, because the chemical structure of cell membrane is lipid bilayer. It is mobility, and the strength can't bear force in giant scale.
They explain how the largest single cells organism, that multinucleate alga, does exactly that. It’s size is still limited by the surface to volume ratio, though.
What about large eggs, like ostrich eggs? Those are technically huge single cells. They may not be as tall as 30 cm, but I would think they would have more mass.
How is it that you always seem to publish exactly what I need for my classroom days/hours before I need them?!? You are fantastic! Keep up the great work!
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
My mom is the powerhouse of my house
+iSham2044 because they are both microscopic?
Hold on, i heard this somewhere. Previous Ted-Ed?
Justin Yueh 😂. well, my respect for your mother, iSham2044 😁. mitochondria does no easy work, so does your mother 💪
( ͡͡ ° ͜ ʖ ͡ °) So it's the mightychondria.
We interrupt "What is the biggest cell" to bring you "Why cells are small"
张三 yes I'm looking for biggest cell possible
I guess even he didn't know the answer
@@marksmithwas12 Its Valonia ventricosa if you are curious
Spot on.
Mathew Klátil thanccc
I love the narrators voice!! Sometimes I listen to him before going to bed so I can fall asleep faster, it really works!!
Ya it makes me sleepy lol
Me too!
True
That's Addison Anderson. One of my favorite narrators and voice talents.
I thought I was the only one.
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell
True
False. Debate me.
+Combinemon ooops i replied to the wrong comment
It uses gluecose (sugar) and other charbs to produses ATP which is a molicule which can esaly be comined to produse energy.
According to who exactly? You'll need some scientific proof on that.
3:00 is when the real topic begins.....and sadly ends too🙁
What do you mean "sadly"?!? This entire video was incredibly helpful and interesting!
@@Empenguin
I agree!
@@strange_and_magnificent thats because the topic changes. and we dont get to know more about the original topic
We have a neuron that stretches from the spine to the foot??
I believe it...that would explain why I suck at soccer
David S. obviously
Super Noodles. Motor neuron bodies in the spinal cord extend axons directly out to distal skeletal muscle. Some neurons of the sciatic nerve extend all the way down the leg. Don't confuse the man. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_motor_neuron?wprov=sfla1
We have many, see above.
shut up
0:10 metric system..., please, please use it.
The hole wolrd uses the metric system. It's just the USA which lives in the past.
+TheJaseku The United States, Liberia, and Myanmar (Burma) don't use the metric system.
So almost nobody.
Liberia and Myanmar are switching to metric as being metric is better than imperial. It always goes up by a base ten number and you can tell by the name of the units how big the unit is. Millimetre, milli means 1/1000 so a millimetre is 1/1000 metres.
Runos9999 ...... 375 million people out of almost 7,445,189, 250 people, thats like 5% of the world pop. compared to the 95% who does abide to the metric system, this is nobody
As for that bit about the surface area and volume of a cell, I’ve heard it called the square/cube law; basically, an object’s surface area scales with the square of its length, but the volume scales with its cube, so the latter increases more when an object is scaled up. Just thought they could have explained that better.
Wait, isn't 1,000 trillion a quadrillion or something
yes
Lazertazer Why didn't they say that then lol
ItsTangy
Because most people have heard the word "trillion", but if you say "quadrillion", many people will think it's a made up word.
Lazertazer True but they could have said 1,000 trillion or a quadrillion
1,000 trillion sounds bigger than 1 quadrillion, even though it's the same thing.
Interesting! So the limit to the size of a cell is essentially a trade-off between it's sustenance and waste excretion! 🙂
Short answer: It's Kirby.
What about the pseudoplasmodium of coenocytic slime mold? The aggregate form has a single cell wall, and it's capable of basic learning about it's environment (remembering, somehow, interval conditions as an example) and while these usually don't get very big, they can, and they can also subdivide back into separate smaller units.
Thanks my class had to take notes on this and your voice is very clear so I can hear everything and take notes down. :)
There are actually some rather large single celled protozoa dwelling on the Abyssal Plain. Apparently the environment down there is stable (and hostile) enough to allow such fragile creatures to survive.
Fun fact, MurryGans are also the heaviest multi-celled organisms
Finding out that I have a metre long neutron running down my leg kind freaks me out. Oh fuck, I just realised, there's one in the other leg too
Guys what advantages do multi cellular organism has over unicellular organisms?
Why is it that Ted-Ed always ends their videos with some of the most beautiful sentences ever.
Another aspect you didn’t mention is the radical difference in how things move in the microscopic and macroscopic world’s (I think there’d a Ted-Ed about Reynolds numbers, great additional material); the way animals like the elephants and grizzly bears you mentioned eat and move and reproduce involves a whole mess of rigid skeletons and muscles and specialized cells that likely would be impossible for a unicellular creature to mimic, while a cell’s tricks with microtubule “skeletons” and flagellae would not work at macroscopic scales.
I’m lost the moment he calculated the cube 😂
*Bio Exam:* What’s the biggest single cell organism?
*Me when I don’t know the answer:*
**Opens the video just to comment "Ostrich egg" and leaves without watching it.**
Now that I know how incredibly thin and delicate my spine to leg nerve cell is, I feel like I’ll be paralyzed any second.
What is the biggest organism only with a single nuclei?
An ostrich egg?
My guess is an ostrich egg, since all eggs are single celled
But an egg isn't an organism, more like a disposable womb.
The embryo is the only living part.
So it isn't seen as an organism until it hatches?
Claes Henriksson No, the embryo inside is live and grows from the "dead" yolk.
3:07 for the answer
Fascinating how it convergently evolved fronds like a fern to increase surface area
The animator’s voice is amazing. 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
valonia ventracosa?
can someone give this man a glass of water? his voice sounds like needs some.
Loved the cell illustration and animation.
Haven't watched the video but can't believe the world's biggest single cell is called Murry
0:31 To find out, we have to pee into a cell's guts.
It's peer..
Physarum polycephalum, a 'true slime mould', is but one example of a single-celled organism that can easily become 'larger' than 30cm. It can cover up to 1sqm under the right conditions.
Wait ...
I expected that the slime mold might be the largest single cell. I mean … That is like an giant amoeba!
Wonderful clip.I will be delighted if you upload a clip telling how we think or work even we many different cells?
@ 00:30 "Because we don't want to be killed, absorbed, and dissolved by a unicelluar organism!" 😂
Wake me when you make a mega-elephant make out of thousands of elephants.
How long is a motor neuron from the sacrum to the tip of the fluke of a blue whale?
The only thing that i learn to this video is that, elephant is the answer to the title.
you learned wrong, brother
I'm beginning to think these "Jesus" youtube commentors aren't authentic...
Patrick Hodson
oh yeah? i know exactly where you live so dont test me peasant!
I've been looking for a video like this! thanks TED-Ed
2:58 you came for this.
wouldnt a fertilised ostrich egg before the first division be the largest single cell organism?
sorry for the bad english, and sorry if this stops the prochoice movement for orstriches.
Why he used a word 'hack' in 3:10? I have to translate it to Korean, but I can't find what 'biological hacks' means.
김정현 I think he means it like tricks
The reason why there aren't many uni-cellular big organisms is that like it said in the video it doesn't matter if one cell for us gets destroyed (we loose like 37mill everyday) but it will matter for the un-cellular organisms
perfect! two cell videos in a row cuz I'm studying it atm.
What if the cells crenated and extended outwards?
Would they be able to expand forever?
I'm surprised you didn't mention the yolk of an egg as an example of a very large cell.
if there is a huge cell large as the elephant, that would be one punch world
Anakin Skywalker was full of Micromeders.
The cell body of a motor neuron is approximately 100 microns (0.1 millimeter) in diameter and as you now know, the axon is about 1 meter (1,000 millimeter) in length. So, the axon of a motor neuron is 10,000 times as long as the cell body is wide.
Phenomenal animation!!!!!!
Fantastic explanation!
2 things. it is this kind of instantaneous access to info that makes the internet the greatest achievement of all time. (for now) and I suspect that the origin of life had many starts and stops before there was a Universe that was perfect enough to be copied endlessly....,
I remember an experiment we did in science class once to demonstrate the difficulty presented by volume increasing faster than surface area. We cut 2 cubes of some kind of gel, one big and one small, and out them in a colored water solution and left them over night. When we cut them open the next day, the smaller cubes were mostly saturated but the larger ones were not.
This applies to cells because they rely a lot on the passive diffusion of water (osmosis) in order to save energy. It would take a lot of energy to speed up the transfer of chemicals by using a process other than osmosis.
I'm supposed to be studying this for a test but I got lazy and watched this instead. Turns out I'm supposed to be studying the same topic ha
What about retrovirus?
I love it when he says micrometer xD
But what is the biggest rock?
Look down you will see.
Would that mean there is a universal volume and surface area limit to every single cell organism using the same math ratio law you stated in the video?
Aren't jellyfish single-celled organisms
No breh
2:58 i know its a short video, but i just wanted to know the answer quick. And even then there a few * asterisk about the awnser. :)
"what is the biggest single-celled organism?" is now interrupted by "W0W0W0W0W0 ELEPHANTS ARE HUUGEEEE CHECK OUT THE CELLS ON THIS THING W 0 0 0 W"
My biology teacher once told me that the largest single-celled organism is an ostrich egg.
Last time i was this early, Keemstar had more subs than Scarce
drink ur salf
Wrong channel
Leafyishere? More like leafyisacyberbull- oh wait, wrong channel.. give me some of that bleach
You mispelled Keemcancer
fucking annoying kids
You know, you could just say “micron”. It’s the same as a micrometer.
A cell can be large if it's flat. That makes it fragile, though.
There are some algae with cells several feet long.
I still have no idea why this Square-cube law exists. If you just measure in larger units, then the cube will always have a 6:1 surface to volume ratio.
Steve Zukley Sure, but the ratio between the two will be in a larger unit as well.
Suppose a "doublemeter" was a name of a unit twice as long as a meter.
The ratio between a cubic doublemeter and 6 square doublemeters, would be 1/6 doublemeters, while the ratio between a cubic meter and 6 square meters would be 1/6 meters, and 1/6 doublemeters is twice as much as 1/6 meters.
Does that make sense?
Because the universe don't want to humans to discover resizing
If x is the side of cube then volume is (x.x.x), total surface is 6.x.x) ratio volume/surface is x/6. The ratio changes as x changes, not constant as 1/6 as you think.
Who expected him to mention the cell theory?😂
large organisms could be trees or mushrooms too... ans they can get way heavier than old Bluewhale here.
I look away from this video and found math. I did not know this could happen. I think a few Brian cells ded
wait, but wouldn't the ratio always be the same, if you just change the scale? like the length of an edge would always be "one" "scale unit"?
except it isn't. The cell grows = it bets bigger than a single scale unit.
KohuGaly yeah but the surface to volume ratio of a cube of any size should always be the same. let's put it like this: cube1: 6a^2/a^3 and cube2: 6b^2/b^3
right? or should i also take the thickness of the membrane into the account?
TheMihig now look at the ratio. It contains a variable that has different exponent in numerator and denominator. It means the value will be different for any value of that variable. I understand what you are trying to say, but it simply is not how it works.
KohuGaly can you simplyfy those math terms for me i'm not a native english speaker
TheMihig Let's consider a ratio of volume/surface [x=V/S]. Both depend on a size factor (length of one side) [x~r^3 / r^2] (I've left out factors, because they depend on specific shape).
which can be simplified to x~r. As you can see, as size factor (length of one side) grows, the ratio V/S rises proportionally. When length of the size doubles(2x), surface quadruples (4x) and volume octuples (8x). Which means V/S ratio doubles too. Volume rises faster than surface when object grows.
For similar reason you can't build infinitely big structures, because mass grows proportionally to volume, while base grows proportionally to surface.
تصحيح الترجمة : اكبر كائن حي أحادي الخلية في العالم 3:09
Translation correction: the largest single-celled organism in the world 3.09
me in a jail cell: call me mitochondria !
literally anyone: why would i call yo-
me: because im the powerhouse of the cell!
Wait, but the"reason" you gave for cells to be small is entirely invalid. Since a cell isn't a cube, it's not true that the ratio of the growth of volume to the growth of surface area will be linear. If your cell was cylindrical and the cell would only grow longer and not broader, then the ratio would be nearly constant (read as, if the cell is shaped like a cylinder and grows longer, the whole problem the video is about doesn't exist).
Also, if the cell membrane would be more "folded", looking more like a fractal, you could have huge surface area compared to the volume.
I mean, essentially, 3/4 of the video makes no sense because of oversimplification :I
Cylindrical unicellular organism can't only continuously grow longer but not broader at all, because the chemical structure of cell membrane is lipid bilayer. It is mobility, and the strength can't bear force in giant scale.
They explain how the largest single cells organism, that multinucleate alga, does exactly that. It’s size is still limited by the surface to volume ratio, though.
Which is exactly what happens in the nerve cell
I always thought Daredevil's Kingpin was the biggest single-celled organism. It's a luxurious cell, too.
What about large eggs, like ostrich eggs? Those are technically huge single cells. They may not be as tall as 30 cm, but I would think they would have more mass.
He should've mentioned like how large an elephant would be if all of its cells were the size of the largest cell in the world.
Elephants, Whales and Bears!
Thanks
The answer is on 3:00
So, you didn't answer the question... That plant still has more than one nucleus. Acetabularia has one nucleus, and can reach 10cm.
What's the smallest cell in the world?
YOUR MOM
Thats a weird way to pronounce micro meter lol
Micrometer can also called micron. I guess the guy basically just combined them into micron meter.
It sounds more like "microm meter"
How do you say 'speedometer' or 'pedometer?'
it's just like thermometer and kilometer. except it's weird to hear someone say micrometer instead of micron.
man imagine the powerhouse on that
Whatever happened to slime molds? They might not be as "big," but I think they have more volume.
ostrich egg, all eggs are one cell and ostriches have huge eggs, ez
But if millimetre is mm why is micrometer also mm?
I've been asking this question ever since i had knowledge of cells
Caulerpa taxifolia
Anyone else get the subliminal message that our universe is inside of a cell or was it just me¿?
😂
Sino st. Mary Magdalene dito?
but slime molds can get even bigger and their just one cell
unicelular organisms: bear , elephant and whale rly?
The powerhouse is the mitochondria of the cell 😂
aw I thought bubble algae would be mentioned but still cool.
If the answer is some sort of an egg I'm going to be very pissed off...
To compensate for its length it's really thin. that's a shame ;)
Within cells interlinked
You should make a vid on scoliosis
isnt an ostrich egg a single cell? i win.