Hello :-) I think I already asked for an episode on non-coding DNA in general (or introns in particular), this episode asks even more questions about it than it answers hahaha, I hope you make an episode about them in the future (assuming there is any material to build upon, like a breakthrough or anything, because a "nobody knows yet" episode sounds kinda boring hehe).
theres a lot of stuff to know about stuff and i feel like hank knows a lot of that stuff and i get excited because i get to learn about all this stuff cause im human and im special like that
So basically the thing with the tail coding DNA is like a game dev. makes an item for the game but doesn't add it to the game itself but leaves the item in the files?
Hank there is a ted talk you really really need to check out. it was a week-ish ago regarding communication between the outer cell wall and nucleus that has pretty much been found to reverse cancer cells. Other than the researchers don't forget there were a great many volunteers donating their computer free time to processing a lot of that information.
Not to forget alternative splicing,yielding different isoforms of proteins (which expands our knowledge of the proteome), and also some post-translational modifications that can lead to differences in protein activity or different interactions with several other proteins (which expands the knowledge about the interactome). I'm really curious what those fields of proteomics and interactomics will elucidate about our cellular functioning.
Because at the point the object reaches the speed of sound it is travelling at the same speed as the sound waves it is producing so they just keep building up at that one point and this huge build up of sound waves is the sonic boom.
Here you have our presenter teaching us about the beauty that is science, using his biochemistry degree, and here I am watching youtube while at work. Sure makes me feel like that water flea...
How about doing a video on non coding RNA? There's a lot of interesting data in that field to give a little light on the questions asked here. John Mattick has a great paper on how more highly complex organisms have more ncRNA
According to Wikipedia it cost 3 billion dollars but the cost of sequencing and the time required has gone way down in the years since (like into the thousand dollar range)
It all has to do with the Doppler effect. When a moving object produces waves (like sound waves) the waves will bunch together in the direction the object is moving and spread apart in the direction it's coming from. You can see this when moving an object on the surface of some water. When the object is moving as fast as the waves it is producing it creates a large crest of waves stacking on top of each other. That's all a sonic boom is. It's just waves of sound stacked together.
What I would be really interested in if I was in either of these fields is how epigenetics relates to the ECM (extracellular matrix) since they are both things that we have previously disregarded as inconsequential, but it actually turns out that they are very consequential and maaaybe they might just be related? I only mention it because it could potentially cure things like cancer... You know. Just sayin'. Science.
Let me be the only person who doesn't argue on this video and say that I really liked it. I'm not too exceedingly intelligent but genetics is pretty interesting to me and learning this is quite dandy (: please stop arguing and just enjoy these facts that make us who we are.
Junk DNA also includes the info/ability to hibernate -- just think of all the calories I could burn off just sleeping through the winter! (Especially since I hate the Winter Solstice event, anyway, being prone to S.A.D. and depression.)
Could you tell us where you went to school? I'm really curious about it. And what you did with your biochem degree. Just for all of us out here looking at majors and schools.
Yeah, I know, even as I typed it I was thinking the idea was ridiculous and that even if it were possible the wings would have to be longer than houses but it would be cool. Especially if you could like turn it on and off, just hook up a high energy solution to your veins and within hours you could glade for ages.
That was my thought, too! I'm like, "Whoa, wait, did you say TAILS?!" *grabby hands* and then he says that it doesn't activate, and I moaned, "No!" I have no idea what a tail would do to bipedal movement, but they just look so cool (and a prehensile tail would certainly come in handy...) :)
My friend, please consider alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, what will increase the complexity of our proteome by some magnitudes. Keep it real =)
Very much so. It is just unlikely based on what we currently know. What we "currently know" always changes, so who knows what the future holds! Questions on that line are what make the scientific world go 'round! ~a microbiologist that makes a living on genetics
Anyone wanting to help can actually download a program on there computer that helps scientists dissect DNA by separating the task across several computers
Could you please do more videos about genetics. I'm very interested in that field of study, and will very likely pursue genetics as a career in the future.
Please, make an episode about all the different body body parts and abilities our genes have the code for, but doesn't use! Like, Richard Dawkins once mentioned in a program that humans have the ability to smell scents like dogs do, but that the genes for that lay dormant.
You are so geeky looking I love it. Maybe you can help me out with something. Do you know what kind of a map they used to sequences the genome? Is it 1s and 0s? How can we regular people get the human genome downloaded to our computers? and how can the regular Joe get involved in the human genome project to help cure genetic diseases.
Maybe it was code that could be computed to make over a hundred thousand different amino-acids. And a small intermediary "computer" was made to decode or unzip that "junk" DNA.
Question: Is there a master list some where of various species and their genome counts? I know no one knows all of the animals but for the ones we have counted.
a human being born with a tail is not actually that rare, although they are normally surgically removed at birth. An old piece of DNA coding that expresses itself when it is not needed is known as vestigial, and if you search for vestigial limbs you will find examples of snakes or whales with legs.
hey ! nice show ! I have a question : at 2:22 you say that a good portion of our dna comes from virus dna. Since the cells that will produce gametes are seperated and isolated from the early stages of development of the embryo, if what you say is true, it means that viruses infect these cells as well... If that were true, wouldn't it have major implications ? I mean, one of the things that viruses usually do is to activate the expression of their gene in the cell, wouldn't that mean that one could see viruses budding out of gametes ? that would be a convenient way to diagnose the virus (at least for males). And seeign how the immune system respond to virally infected cells, and that we have a non renewable set of these gamet producing cells, wouldn't virus be a major cause of infertility ?
Yes, you do. If I eat a handful of Poinsettia flowers, I would certainly feel very very ill. You can't avoid side effects completely. They will be there natural or not.
the big question about "junk genes" is of course: "Can a human be born from an impregnated eggcell after all the junk genes have been removed?" in essence dramatically decreasing the demand of amino acids while make it easier for cells to devide as there are less ways for chromosomes to get tangled as they are less complex. or are there factors in which this junk material still plays a vital roll making a junkless human unable to be able to live in this condition?
One thing I learned in my neuroscience courses was that this so called junk DNA may not have direct protein coding instructions, but ones that indirectly influence things, like metabotropic neurotransmitter functions for example. Because of that I think that junk DNA may kind of be a misnomer in that it's not all useless but that we haven't found the uses yet.
***** uhm excuse me? exactly how is it unethical to do research what will lead to a dramatically decreased for requirement for the human being? imagine starvation being something of the past when people just dont need as much proteins as they do today(thus are starving today). i say it's unethical NOT to do experiments. yes it will take a lot of time and investment, and not to be taken lightly. i hope you understand tests will start with simple tissues derived fom stem cells (stem cell research was never unethical because "waste IVF treatment" embryo's (embryo's that would otherwise have gone in the trash can) was used to do research, thus not killing anything or anyone what would not have died anyway. even dispite the ungroundedness of ethical arguments researchers worked their asses off to find ways to revert living human's cells to stem cells which ironically can help you and me eventually) not complete organisms or something to become an organism before testing and meddling with adaptations and subtractions. this kind of research could (or in my opinion should) be done bilaterally to the genome project sry for being rediculously detailistic but i needed to have said this :p
Notaras 1985, im learning from their discussion and you contribute nothing. how about being kind and discuss science based topic only. If you do, youre god will be be please with you im sure.
When I said 'closed-minded people' I didn't just direct it to only one side of the argument... There are disrespectful people on both sides of the spectrum.. Your comment proves my point.
Maybe we are keeping these old genomes that we don't need anymore in case one day we will need them again. I am now completely convinced that in the future all humans will have tails so that they can hold a drink while typing
I once had a friend who had been born with one...His parents chopped it off when he was first born though so he had a big scar on his ass...He showed it to me cuz our science teacher was talking about birth defects and mentioned some people are still born with tails. some kids made a few rude remarks and it pissed him off. When I asked him what was wrong he told me and showed me his ass...he was a cool dude..I wondered what the tail looked like but was afraid asking would piss him off
Evolution doesn't plan ahead; it runs on natural selection, which is blind and mathematical and operates only in the present. It does happen occasionally that ancient genetic mechanisms are switched back on! For example, a group of planthoppers have evolved horn-like structures using genetic switches for the third pair of wings, which no other insects have used for about 300 million years. But that's just a cool case of evolution using whatever it has at its disposal, old or new.
I want a tail
But it would really need to be all furry.... a naked fleshy boney thing wouldn't be awesome at all... only pretty creepy.
furicuri3 like a massive fluffy squirrel tail that wags like a dog when I'm happy. :-D
+Pikapetey I hear it's the other way around with snakes, actually. They have the genes for limbs, but are incapable of growing them.
yes a nice fluffy tail oh and make it prehensile so I can grab things with it
Lol, i was just gonna say that xD
This is one of my best YT subscriptions. Thanks guys!
so can you jailbreak people to make them grow tail?
Hmm nice term
Thank you❤️😊
From Sri Lanka 🇱🇰😍
I almost failed Bio in high school. It's weird that I understood what you meant. Are we both "genesus"? :D
Ten years ago huh Ryan,it’s funny I found you on accident….I was doing school,I was told watch this video,guess who’s comment was on top……
Wow didn’t think I would see you here
Hello :-) I think I already asked for an episode on non-coding DNA in general (or introns in particular), this episode asks even more questions about it than it answers hahaha, I hope you make an episode about them in the future (assuming there is any material to build upon, like a breakthrough or anything, because a "nobody knows yet" episode sounds kinda boring hehe).
theres a lot of stuff to know about stuff and i feel like hank knows a lot of that stuff and i get excited because i get to learn about all this stuff cause im human and im special like that
So basically the thing with the tail coding DNA is like a game dev. makes an item for the game but doesn't add it to the game itself but leaves the item in the files?
Hank there is a ted talk you really really need to check out. it was a week-ish ago regarding communication between the outer cell wall and nucleus that has pretty much been found to reverse cancer cells. Other than the researchers don't forget there were a great many volunteers donating their computer free time to processing a lot of that information.
At least that's what the La-Li-Lu-Le-Lo wants you to think.
"What the Watson and Crick". Totally my new favorite thing to say. Thanks Hank! DFTBA!! (as if you could)
Does that mean it could be possible to reactivate these genes during embryonic development?
Probably... Maybe.... Somehow.... Idk...
Not to forget alternative splicing,yielding different isoforms of proteins (which expands our knowledge of the proteome), and also some post-translational modifications that can lead to differences in protein activity or different interactions with several other proteins (which expands the knowledge about the interactome).
I'm really curious what those fields of proteomics and interactomics will elucidate about our cellular functioning.
That's pretty crazy!! You learn something new every day!
if you hit up their website (maybe wikipedia?) they have mini-bios that cover all your questions.
If you look on online there have been cases where babies are born with small tails but they are usually removed shortly after birth.
Because at the point the object reaches the speed of sound it is travelling at the same speed as the sound waves it is producing so they just keep building up at that one point and this huge build up of sound waves is the sonic boom.
Here you have our presenter teaching us about the beauty that is science, using his biochemistry degree, and here I am watching youtube while at work. Sure makes me feel like that water flea...
How about doing a video on non coding RNA? There's a lot of interesting data in that field to give a little light on the questions asked here. John Mattick has a great paper on how more highly complex organisms have more ncRNA
According to Wikipedia it cost 3 billion dollars but the cost of sequencing and the time required has gone way down in the years since (like into the thousand dollar range)
It all has to do with the Doppler effect. When a moving object produces waves (like sound waves) the waves will bunch together in the direction the object is moving and spread apart in the direction it's coming from. You can see this when moving an object on the surface of some water. When the object is moving as fast as the waves it is producing it creates a large crest of waves stacking on top of each other. That's all a sonic boom is. It's just waves of sound stacked together.
Thank you DOE. Even finished the project early.
could you do a video on the negative parts to the HGP, like who sees our DNA testing?
Thanks
I like how he says " a human or a hag fish or something else" almost as if these three things are equally probable.
a sonic boom is also produced when Guile goes back ward then forward and tries to throw a punch
Thank you. Just thank you.
It's kinda weird that it took you that long, but yeah, John does a show too, it's called CrashCourse.
I wish I had a tale. it'd be awesome.
What I would be really interested in if I was in either of these fields is how epigenetics relates to the ECM (extracellular matrix) since they are both things that we have previously disregarded as inconsequential, but it actually turns out that they are very consequential and maaaybe they might just be related? I only mention it because it could potentially cure things like cancer... You know. Just sayin'. Science.
Thanks for the alert. You saved me a few brain cells.
Let me be the only person who doesn't argue on this video and say that I really liked it. I'm not too exceedingly intelligent but genetics is pretty interesting to me and learning this is quite dandy (: please stop arguing and just enjoy these facts that make us who we are.
Junk DNA also includes the info/ability to hibernate -- just think of all the calories I could burn off just sleeping through the winter! (Especially since I hate the Winter Solstice event, anyway, being prone to S.A.D. and depression.)
please make a video about all the particles! like photons, gluons, quarks and stuff!
I was thinking almost the exact same thing before reading your comment
Could you tell us where you went to school? I'm really curious about it. And what you did with your biochem degree.
Just for all of us out here looking at majors and schools.
Interesting video!
This is an invitation to see an artist theory on the physics of light and time!
Yeah, I know, even as I typed it I was thinking the idea was ridiculous and that even if it were possible the wings would have to be longer than houses but it would be cool. Especially if you could like turn it on and off, just hook up a high energy solution to your veins and within hours you could glade for ages.
That was my thought, too! I'm like, "Whoa, wait, did you say TAILS?!" *grabby hands* and then he says that it doesn't activate, and I moaned, "No!" I have no idea what a tail would do to bipedal movement, but they just look so cool (and a prehensile tail would certainly come in handy...) :)
My friend, please consider alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, what will increase the complexity of our proteome by some magnitudes.
Keep it real =)
Imagine going to the toilet with a tail.
Or not getting entirely into the bus before the door closes...
Please do an episode on Wernicke's vs. Broca's Aphasia!
I'd read those tail making directions. Make it a little longer than leg length and creep people out.
Can you tell us about the abnormally hot weather we're receiving this year???
Very much so. It is just unlikely based on what we currently know. What we "currently know" always changes, so who knows what the future holds! Questions on that line are what make the scientific world go 'round!
~a microbiologist that makes a living on genetics
Anyone wanting to help can actually download a program on there computer that helps scientists dissect DNA by separating the task across several computers
we still have gills, just when we are in the womb. it's there for a few weeks before we grow our lungs in our mothers.
easy just have to mess with the segmentation clock in the posterior compartment
Could you please do more videos about genetics. I'm very interested in that field of study, and will very likely pursue genetics as a career in the future.
Please, make an episode about all the different body body parts and abilities our genes have the code for, but doesn't use!
Like, Richard Dawkins once mentioned in a program that humans have the ability to smell scents like dogs do, but that the genes for that lay dormant.
Hagfish are people tooooo! How can you resist those cute piggy faces?
/humor
lovely videos ^_^
thanks, Hank
You are so geeky looking I love it. Maybe you can help me out with something. Do you know what kind of a map they used to sequences the genome? Is it 1s and 0s? How can we regular people get the human genome downloaded to our computers? and how can the regular Joe get involved in the human genome project to help cure genetic diseases.
Maybe it was code that could be computed to make over a hundred thousand different amino-acids. And a small intermediary "computer" was made to decode or unzip that "junk" DNA.
YES!
You should talk about Henrietta lacks.
Question: Is there a master list some where of various species and their genome counts? I know no one knows all of the animals but for the ones we have counted.
the tail thing isn't junk, out tail bone is vital for attaching ligaments and muscles though
a human being born with a tail is not actually that rare, although they are normally surgically removed at birth. An old piece of DNA coding that expresses itself when it is not needed is known as vestigial, and if you search for vestigial limbs you will find examples of snakes or whales with legs.
I can't wait to learn more about epigenetics because in an argument I had with an "atheist' he seemed to indicate that it wasn't possible.
hey ! nice show !
I have a question : at 2:22 you say that a good portion of our dna comes from virus dna.
Since the cells that will produce gametes are seperated and isolated from the early stages of development of the embryo, if what you say is true, it means that viruses infect these cells as well... If that were true, wouldn't it have major implications ?
I mean, one of the things that viruses usually do is to activate the expression of their gene in the cell, wouldn't that mean that one could see viruses budding out of gametes ? that would be a convenient way to diagnose the virus (at least for males).
And seeign how the immune system respond to virally infected cells, and that we have a non renewable set of these gamet producing cells, wouldn't virus be a major cause of infertility ?
As a programmer and a genetic enthusiast, I really wanna clean up that code.
"What the Watson and Crick" is a great phrase; I need to try and use it in my own life.
Do one on schizophrenia if u get the chance :) helps when people understand things more, plus ur show is awesome
Hank you should do a scishow on dreams
Anyone else read "Human Gnomes" at first? *giggles* Oh and we should totally have tails (again)!
Yes, you do. If I eat a handful of Poinsettia flowers, I would certainly feel very very ill. You can't avoid side effects completely. They will be there natural or not.
So the first thing I thought was: If the instructions are still there, can we still use them? (I know this is pretty dumb, but "Fly, my child, fly!")
You should totally do a video on Eugenics!
the big question about "junk genes" is of course:
"Can a human be born from an impregnated eggcell after all the junk genes have been removed?"
in essence dramatically decreasing the demand of amino acids while make it easier for cells to devide as there are less ways for chromosomes to get tangled as they are less complex.
or are there factors in which this junk material still plays a vital roll making a junkless human unable to be able to live in this condition?
One thing I learned in my neuroscience courses was that this so called junk DNA may not have direct protein coding instructions, but ones that indirectly influence things, like metabotropic neurotransmitter functions for example. Because of that I think that junk DNA may kind of be a misnomer in that it's not all useless but that we haven't found the uses yet.
***** uhm excuse me? exactly how is it unethical to do research what will lead to a dramatically decreased for requirement for the human being? imagine starvation being something of the past when people just dont need as much proteins as they do today(thus are starving today). i say it's unethical NOT to do experiments. yes it will take a lot of time and investment, and not to be taken lightly.
i hope you understand tests will start with simple tissues derived fom stem cells (stem cell research was never unethical because "waste IVF treatment" embryo's (embryo's that would otherwise have gone in the trash can) was used to do research, thus not killing anything or anyone what would not have died anyway. even dispite the ungroundedness of ethical arguments researchers worked their asses off to find ways to revert living human's cells to stem cells which ironically can help you and me eventually) not complete organisms or something to become an organism before testing and meddling with adaptations and subtractions.
this kind of research could (or in my opinion should) be done bilaterally to the genome project
sry for being rediculously detailistic but i needed to have said this :p
3kbote because imply humans are far more complex creations than scientists thought... .
Notaras 1985, im learning from their discussion and you contribute nothing. how about being kind and discuss science based topic only. If you do, youre god will be be please with you im sure.
i'm not sure how they do it, but there are some animals out there that can breath both water and air. So, why not us?
My uncle worked on the human genome project!
Hank makes me want to become a scientist and figure out all the answers to these questions
Could there be deeper DNA coding within the base pairs like there are the physics of atoms and then string theory?
When I said 'closed-minded people' I didn't just direct it to only one side of the argument... There are disrespectful people on both sides of the spectrum.. Your comment proves my point.
"What the Watson and Crick it was for." Clever Hank, very clever.
Can you do a video on organ printing please?
Paleovirology - google it it's freaking cool (if you're interested about what Hank said about ancient virus remnants in our genome)
Some people do grow tails when something goes wrong and those genes are activated during embryonic development. Google it.
Maybe we are keeping these old genomes that we don't need anymore in case one day we will need them again. I am now completely convinced that in the future all humans will have tails so that they can hold a drink while typing
Having a tail would be pretty awesome if you ad like a monkeytail to climp and hold stuff with :D
I think it would be freaking awesome if we all had tails. Weird at first, but awesome. Get on it, scientists!
Hank, do you ever just stop and go "wait, I'm doing something revolutionary and helpful on the internet, go me!"
Could it be possible to activate the growt of a tail if the genetics are still there?
The other day I found the instructions for a device I no longer own. Pretty much the same thing, right? :D
You studied Biochemistry?! I'm studying Medical Biochemistry! In my final year right now, and procrastinating from doing my lab work...
There are approximately 12 million people worldwide with tails. I'm sure they get around just fine.
How did the sequence the human genome? I thought that everyone's dna was different. Do they take the average sequence?
Is there a way to activate the unused DNA sequences during enbreo development? Say, the tail one for example.
That video: Hank exclaims, "I'm a monster! Rawr!"
i do love to learn
All I'm getting from this is that it should be possible to make someone slightly similar to the Lizard with enough Mad Scientists around.
I once had a friend who had been born with one...His parents chopped it off when he was first born though so he had a big scar on his ass...He showed it to me cuz our science teacher was talking about birth defects and mentioned some people are still born with tails. some kids made a few rude remarks and it pissed him off. When I asked him what was wrong he told me and showed me his ass...he was a cool dude..I wondered what the tail looked like but was afraid asking would piss him off
Evolution doesn't plan ahead; it runs on natural selection, which is blind and mathematical and operates only in the present.
It does happen occasionally that ancient genetic mechanisms are switched back on! For example, a group of planthoppers have evolved horn-like structures using genetic switches for the third pair of wings, which no other insects have used for about 300 million years. But that's just a cool case of evolution using whatever it has at its disposal, old or new.
This got me thinking, about our origins. I know we evolved from other animals. But the origin of those animals, and all of that. It's weird.
Watch the SciShow on Taboos of Science. He talks about tinkering with embryos.
btw we actually have a tail in early development
So what are those other things that determine how our bodies work, i'm confused i thought there only were the genes.
Please please pleeeeeeaaaaasseeeee make an episode about nikola tesla!!!!! It would make my nerdy little heart sing with joy!
I wonder if there's a way to re-activate the un-used code that our body has...