the three cardinal leads are indeed on a plane and form a triangle (even if not equilateral), in order to obtain a WCT which is at least at the centroid of the triangle (center coincide with centroid only in equilateral triangles), the three cardinal limbs need to satisfy the basic condition of a triangle. This is because, under the original Einthoven/Wilson assumption, the equivalent electrical activity of the heart is entirely projected into the geometrical plane identified by the limbs [1,4,36]. In other words, the ECG values need to satisfy the so-called triangular inequality which states that the sum of any two of the three lengths that are candidates for the triangle must be greater than the third. If this is satisfied, it is then possible to calculate the inner angles. In order to prove this hypothesis with a computationally efficient method, we assumed that at every point of the cardiac cycle, the three cardinal leads form a triangle, and we calculated the area using Heron’s formula: Area=p(p−a)(p−b)(p−c)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√ (1) where a, b and c are the three measurements of the sides and p indicates half of the perimeter: p=a+b+c2 (2) Obviously, if a, b, and c do not form a triangle, the area calculated using (1) is either null or a complex number. We proceeded to calculate the inner angles only for those terns of points constituting a triangle or, in other words, where (1) gives a positive result. To our calculation script, we passed the cardinal leads following their cardinal order (I, II and III), and received the calculated angles with the following order: ‘opposed to lead I’, ‘opposed to lead THIS TEXT HAS BEEN COPIED FROM A RESEARCH PAPER, WHICH CLEARLY DIPICTS THAT MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN ENTHOVIAN LAW...SO THE ANSWER OF YOUR QUESTIONS INVOLVE MORE OF MATHEMATICS THAN PHYSIOLOGY
Thank you for the clarification about Einthoven's law. However, you are confusing a couple of different concepts. Firstly, the definition of a lead and an electrode. An ECG electrode is a conductive pad that is attached to the skin and enables the recording of electrical currents. An ECG lead is a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart that is created by analysing several electrodes. Therefore, the electrodes form the apices of Einthoven's triangle, not the leads. In terms of how the leads view the heart, you have these in reverse. The leads view the heart from the perspective of the exploring (positive) electrode. Thus: - lead I “views” the heart from an angle of 0° / “views the lateral wall of the left ventricle”. - Lead II “views” the heart from an angle of 60° / “views the apex of the heart”. - Lead III “views” the heart from an angle of 120° / “views the inferior wall of the left ventricle”. I hope this clarifies things.
this comment should have way more likes... thank you, it cleared things up for me. I was so confused when he said "lead one is looking at the heart from above"
My God, you are the best. Thanks for this
Thank you so much
Thank you sir
This is the best explanation
This is awesome info
Awesome sir. plz try to upload lecture of respiratory system
This triangle is more mysterious then Bermuda triangle
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buhhh😂
Thank u sir...
Why the sum of lead 1+ lead 3 gives the lead 2? What's the physiological explanaition of this?
the three cardinal leads are indeed on a plane and form a triangle (even if not equilateral), in order to obtain a WCT which is at least at the centroid of the triangle (center coincide with centroid only in equilateral triangles), the three cardinal limbs need to satisfy the basic condition of a triangle. This is because, under the original Einthoven/Wilson assumption, the equivalent electrical activity of the heart is entirely projected into the geometrical plane identified by the limbs [1,4,36]. In other words, the ECG values need to satisfy the so-called triangular inequality which states that the sum of any two of the three lengths that are candidates for the triangle must be greater than the third. If this is satisfied, it is then possible to calculate the inner angles.
In order to prove this hypothesis with a computationally efficient method, we assumed that at every point of the cardiac cycle, the three cardinal leads form a triangle, and we calculated the area using Heron’s formula:
Area=p(p−a)(p−b)(p−c)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√
(1)
where a, b and c are the three measurements of the sides and p indicates half of the perimeter:
p=a+b+c2
(2)
Obviously, if a, b, and c do not form a triangle, the area calculated using (1) is either null or a complex number. We proceeded to calculate the inner angles only for those terns of points constituting a triangle or, in other words, where (1) gives a positive result. To our calculation script, we passed the cardinal leads following their cardinal order (I, II and III), and received the calculated angles with the following order: ‘opposed to lead I’, ‘opposed to lead
THIS TEXT HAS BEEN COPIED FROM A RESEARCH PAPER, WHICH CLEARLY DIPICTS THAT MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN ENTHOVIAN LAW...SO THE ANSWER OF YOUR QUESTIONS INVOLVE MORE OF MATHEMATICS THAN PHYSIOLOGY
@@DrChamkani the little inequality of the equilateral triangle is balanced by applying resistances of 500 ohms on the electrodes
@@irfanlone7274 5000ohm*
@@DrChamkani❤
Thank you for the clarification about Einthoven's law. However, you are confusing a couple of different concepts.
Firstly, the definition of a lead and an electrode. An ECG electrode is a conductive pad that is attached to the skin and enables the recording of electrical currents. An ECG lead is a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart that is created by analysing several electrodes. Therefore, the electrodes form the apices of Einthoven's triangle, not the leads.
In terms of how the leads view the heart, you have these in reverse. The leads view the heart from the perspective of the exploring (positive) electrode. Thus:
- lead I “views” the heart from an angle of 0° / “views the lateral wall of the left ventricle”.
- Lead II “views” the heart from an angle of 60° / “views the apex of the heart”.
- Lead III “views” the heart from an angle of 120° / “views the inferior wall of the left ventricle”.
I hope this clarifies things.
Thank you so much ❤️❤️
this comment should have way more likes... thank you, it cleared things up for me. I was so confused when he said "lead one is looking at the heart from above"
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