The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

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  • Опубліковано 30 бер 2020
  • Here I introduce the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is how we compute the Fourier Transform on a computer. The FFT is one of the most important algorithms of all time.
    Book Website: databookuw.com
    Book PDF: databookuw.com/databook.pdf
    These lectures follow Chapter 2 from:
    "Data-Driven Science and Engineering: Machine Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Control" by Brunton and Kutz
    Amazon: www.amazon.com/Data-Driven-Sc...
    Brunton Website: eigensteve.com
    This video was produced at the University of Washington
  • Наука та технологія

КОМЕНТАРІ • 135

  • @MinhVu-fo6hd
    @MinhVu-fo6hd 3 роки тому +275

    It is so crazy that Gauss discovered a lot of things in mathematics that took people hundreds of years to realize.

    • @nameismetatoo4591
      @nameismetatoo4591 3 роки тому +47

      Makes you wonder how many people have ideas that could change the world, but choose not to share them because they don't see their full potential (or they assume someone else has already had that idea).

    • @felipegutierrez3477
      @felipegutierrez3477 3 роки тому +18

      Fun fact 101: when something is not named after Gauss is because somebody rediscovered it later or it would be confusing as everything is already named after him. Probably the latter though.

    • @jonas14812
      @jonas14812 2 роки тому +11

      @@nameismetatoo4591 i think its far more interesting to think how many people could have potentially had great ideas but were just exploited working class people who never had the opportunity to actually form their intellect and study something

    • @tonysutton437
      @tonysutton437 2 роки тому +5

      @@nameismetatoo4591 Reminds me of the newton-leibniz calculus controversy.

    • @AboveEmAllProduction
      @AboveEmAllProduction 2 роки тому +2

      Heavy Gauss Rifle

  • @DeonMitton
    @DeonMitton 3 роки тому +5

    Very well produced - thank you Steve for this excellent lecture ! FFT is truly what drives the World today... and into the future - with endless applications, in the physical sciences astro, aviation, and medical world.

  • @vikaspandey1126
    @vikaspandey1126 3 роки тому +22

    This is what online lectures should be like. Thank you very much Dr. Brunton for sharing these lectures. I can't emphasise enough how amazingly done these are.

  • @hackathongoofer
    @hackathongoofer 3 роки тому +56

    I was just watching this but I kept being distracted and impressed by the fact that you are writing backwards. :O

    • @wardarezig
      @wardarezig 3 роки тому +5

      Ahahaha same here XD

    • @whimsicalvibes
      @whimsicalvibes 3 роки тому +4

      great content in the video but such videos are extremely distracting and make me feel uneasy...I guess any right brained person would find these very distracting.

    • @daijin521ify
      @daijin521ify 3 роки тому +1

      Same here , you wrote them so naturally without any hesitation

    • @TheCactuar124
      @TheCactuar124 3 роки тому +37

      He isn't. The video is mirrored.

    • @brxne
      @brxne 3 роки тому +4

      He isn't writing it backwards, there is very easy, logical explanation. This has been mirrored, and if you look closely you can see that he has a ring on what would be his right hand, which isn't right, usually rings are on left hand.

  • @InferiorPotassium93
    @InferiorPotassium93 2 роки тому +4

    This content is amazing, thank you so much for posting this. I knew how to compute a fourier transform of on a defined function but was incredibly confused how computers did it on the sample data they create from analog signals. I had no idea you could do it to discrete data.

  • @user-lo7qh1ko3z
    @user-lo7qh1ko3z Рік тому

    The best lecture series I've seen in UA-cam. Thanks a lot for everything.

  • @dineshvagicharla2720
    @dineshvagicharla2720 2 роки тому +2

    No words to express my gratitude for this awesome content

  • @jesskonye6476
    @jesskonye6476 2 роки тому +5

    did my man just casually write on the board backwards for us to see it in the correct orientation? Because that's impressive

  • @abc3631
    @abc3631 3 роки тому +9

    Easily one of the best instructional videos on UA-cam, the clarity in your articulation of the concepts makes the otherwise murky subject so much more approachable. Can't applaud you enough for putting these videos togather. Cheers !

    • @fermisurface2616
      @fermisurface2616 2 роки тому

      This lecture was like a trailer to the actual one (which I assume comes later in the series). He didn't actually do anything here.

  • @mohamadhamoudy8232
    @mohamadhamoudy8232 4 роки тому +7

    Please Prof. Steve Brunton
    kindly we need video lectures on the wavelet transform , DWT , CWT , etc , thanks and best regards

  • @nathanzechar5599
    @nathanzechar5599 3 роки тому +1

    This format is simply the best.

  • @suurajroshan6878
    @suurajroshan6878 7 місяців тому

    Concepts simplified to the very core. Thank you for the lecture series!

  • @DGSEM
    @DGSEM 2 роки тому +3

    An important point I missed in the video is the Kronecker property for the multivariate case. This enables the use of many 1-dimensional operations instead of one N-dimensional operation. Also called "vec-trick" on tensorproduct elements.

  • @MaxMercerPiano
    @MaxMercerPiano 3 роки тому +8

    Thank you so much, I am so excited to learn when I watch your videos!

  • @SpiritmanProductions
    @SpiritmanProductions 2 роки тому +17

    Are we not going to talk about how well this guy writes backwards? 🖊

    • @marcnassif2822
      @marcnassif2822 2 роки тому +9

      He writes regularly and the video is mirrored ;)

    • @SpiritmanProductions
      @SpiritmanProductions 2 роки тому +3

      @@marcnassif2822 Ha. Seems I didn't give that any thought because I _wanted_ it to be true! 😋

    • @akhilezai
      @akhilezai 2 роки тому

      @@marcnassif2822 Is he left handed then?

    • @spectralanalysis
      @spectralanalysis 2 роки тому

      @@akhilezai His handwriting is way too neat for him to be left handed haha, but yes he is left handed.

  • @DanielLopez-up6os
    @DanielLopez-up6os 3 роки тому

    Your Videos are So awesome and wonderfully high quality!

  • @alireza98325
    @alireza98325 3 роки тому

    In addition to satellite TV, it is cool that the new digital Terrestrial TV broadcasting standard ATSC 3.0, which has just commenced in US also uses OFDM-based modulation and consequently requires FFT blocks on the receiver side and iFFT on the transmitter.

  • @priyamourya6452
    @priyamourya6452 3 місяці тому

    the best series I came across recently

  • @charithjeewantha
    @charithjeewantha 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much for these very clear explanations! They are really helpful

  • @v.p22709
    @v.p22709 3 роки тому +4

    Thanks you really rock and you’re a great story teller!!

  • @jacobanderson5693
    @jacobanderson5693 4 роки тому +3

    Amazing Prof Brunton.

  • @davidtindell950
    @davidtindell950 4 роки тому +2

    thank u for prompt reply. Be Well !

  • @laozismash2609
    @laozismash2609 3 роки тому +20

    Professor, please tell me how can I monetarily support you. The contents you created are beyond brilliant!

    • @sashaelswit
      @sashaelswit 3 роки тому +5

      I think buying his book might be a very good idea.

  • @alextheheck
    @alextheheck 3 роки тому +2

    Thank you so much for making this course publicly available professor!
    Your approach to teaching Fourier Analysis manages to provide a level of intuition on the subject that makes the equations themselves seem much less daunting.
    Also the anecdotes and stories you weave into this course are pretty much the icing on the cake.

    • @hugodaniel8975
      @hugodaniel8975 Рік тому

      I wish there were more black people in Science and mathematics

  • @dev.regotube
    @dev.regotube 4 роки тому +8

    Thanks from the lecture!
    from Japan

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому

      Your welcome from Seattle!

  • @zookaroo2132
    @zookaroo2132 2 роки тому +1

    I wish I could be your student in my uni life 😭 you explained what I need to grasp

  • @john3932
    @john3932 3 роки тому

    beautiful video - very well explained

  • @aliasgeranees8893
    @aliasgeranees8893 4 роки тому +3

    Can't wait to watch the next video...i really love your work

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому +2

      Awesome! Next one should be out on Saturday.

    • @aliasgeranees8893
      @aliasgeranees8893 4 роки тому

      @@Eigensteve Can't wait till Saturday..😄..haven't found any good content on fft algorithm on UA-cam..really looking forward to it

  • @Alex-gj2yi
    @Alex-gj2yi Рік тому

    It is so crazy that Steve wrote every notes from the back, which means every characters and graphs he is writing should be flipped along y axis by 180 degrees

  • @seyedhusseini6762
    @seyedhusseini6762 3 роки тому

    really high quality info, thnx.

  • @AJ-et3vf
    @AJ-et3vf 2 роки тому

    Great video! Thank you!

  • @davidcardin7652
    @davidcardin7652 Рік тому

    Wow! This is an awesome explanation! Down to earth, straight forward, excellent! BTW - you are quickly, and legibly writing backwards like some kind of Leonardo DaVinci !! What the heck! Incredible!

    • @ezra5452
      @ezra5452 Рік тому

      Hey David Cardin, do you like listening to songs by Imagine dragons ?

  • @manjumanl5279
    @manjumanl5279 Рік тому

    Steve ,you are the best .

  • @lbitten
    @lbitten 2 роки тому

    Fantastic! What system did u use to produce the lecture?

  • @YawanathathanBaqar
    @YawanathathanBaqar Рік тому

    Wow did this just make me understand scaling the dow Jones day trading ? Very useful information! I wish this guy was my personal teacher!

  • @ansrang9384
    @ansrang9384 3 роки тому

    if I plot the spectral where the X axis is time, do I have to IFFT first? thank you

  • @HAGARCIA
    @HAGARCIA 4 роки тому +4

    Obrigado, professor, por nos explicar o porque de usar o FFT (n x long) ao invés do DFT( n x n).

  • @liboyan7010
    @liboyan7010 Рік тому

    Dear Prof. Brunton, is FFT mostly used for simple domains problems? (FEM, FVM, Meshless, etc)

  • @gamerchannelforleagueofleg479
    @gamerchannelforleagueofleg479 4 роки тому +13

    how does he write backwards so well ???

    • @dzemper9410
      @dzemper9410 3 роки тому +4

      maybe the video is inverted . He writes normal and then they invert it using software

    • @jd87a
      @jd87a 3 роки тому

      @@dzemper9410 If he's writing normal then the inversion would be backwards

    • @SreenikethanI
      @SreenikethanI 3 роки тому

      @@jd87a but the camera sees from behind the board, so inverting again in software will put it correctly
      You can search on Lightboard or Lightboard Studio (either of those names) to see more on how this works!

    • @brianmcmullen95
      @brianmcmullen95 3 роки тому +1

      Left handed and the image is inverted.

  • @WelshGuitarDude
    @WelshGuitarDude 4 роки тому +2

    Do you plan to explain the algorithm and the math behind it? Trying to write this algorithm for a compute shader

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому +1

      Yes, I believe it will come out on Saturday.

  • @dwarkeshhaldankar2612
    @dwarkeshhaldankar2612 3 роки тому +4

    Where were you all my college life?

  • @michaurbanski5961
    @michaurbanski5961 3 роки тому

    awesome, thanks!

  • @vokieuanh7140
    @vokieuanh7140 2 роки тому

    a) What is this FFT image called in general? (b) What kind of information can you obtain from the FFT image? (c) Is this same as an electron diffraction pattern?

  • @manfredbogner9799
    @manfredbogner9799 5 місяців тому

    very good

  • @isaac5815
    @isaac5815 3 роки тому

    Holy shit. Thank you. Thank you so much.

  • @yeoungbraxx
    @yeoungbraxx 3 роки тому +2

    I was wondering who invented FFT so I went to wikipedia, letting the video continue to play while I tuned it out to read. When I tuned back into the video, you were just finishing explaining exactly that. Oops 🙃

  • @davidtindell950
    @davidtindell950 4 роки тому +1

    Are ‘Private Vids’ available under your Membership Plan ?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому

      Sorry about that... that video should be coming out at the very end of this series on FFT, in about a month. Stay tuned!

  • @aemeroayalsew2041
    @aemeroayalsew2041 3 роки тому

    you are too brave keep going!!

  • @tjpld
    @tjpld Рік тому

    I just recently read a paper that it's actually faster to just compute the DFT if you're using GPU acceleration, since matrix multiplication is inherently more parallel despite vendors actually providing their own optimized FFT libraries. The performance benefit of DFT is even greater the larger the input compared to the optimized FFT library.
    The paper is:
    Davuluru, Venkata Salini Priyamvada; Hettiarachchi, Don Lahiru Nirmal; Balster, Eric (2022): Performance Analysis of DFT and FFT Algorithms on Modern GPUs. TechRxiv.

  • @SuperG1224
    @SuperG1224 4 роки тому +6

    Thank you so much for explaining complex thing really Easy way!
    Can you do this for "Homomorphic Encryption" too??

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому +3

      I'm by no means an expert in encryption, but that would be a fun series.

  • @shayankorki7248
    @shayankorki7248 Рік тому

    awesome

  • @CheatTrigger
    @CheatTrigger 4 роки тому +2

    Sparsity and Compression is a private video... is a part of any membership plan?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  4 роки тому +2

      Sorry about that... that video should be coming out at the very end of this series on FFT, in about a month. Stay tuned!

  • @iasonsideris4442
    @iasonsideris4442 3 роки тому +8

    8 minutes for NOT describing the FFT

  • @alicewonderland9151
    @alicewonderland9151 2 роки тому

    God bless you!

  • @amateurfilmgirlie
    @amateurfilmgirlie Рік тому

    awesome video and explanation.... how the heck are you writing backwards??

  • @priyamourya6452
    @priyamourya6452 3 місяці тому

    Ok thank you :)

  • @antonisnic7510
    @antonisnic7510 2 роки тому

    I never understand how you do your videos. How the heck do you write in the air, and how you this invisible board trick. Please explain

  • @PS-gr7px
    @PS-gr7px 3 роки тому

    When we say O(nlog(n)) isn't the log base 2? so in the case where n = 1000, log(n) ~= 10 not 3?

    • @supernovaw39
      @supernovaw39 Рік тому

      I guess it doesn't matter as much in big O notation because it only conveys a general trend while omitting most of the less significant factors. But yes, Cooley-Tukey FFT is O(n*log_2(n))

  • @CasualDrive
    @CasualDrive 8 місяців тому

    Amazing explanation! But what I couldn't wrap my head around is how can he write backwards so casually ?!

    • @CasualDrive
      @CasualDrive 8 місяців тому

      oh video is inversed on X axis! great move 😉

  • @bharadwajsangaraju1326
    @bharadwajsangaraju1326 2 роки тому +1

    I think in the N Log N, the base is not 10 as mentioned here at 3:30. I think the base should be 2.

  • @VinhNguyen-lb1ux
    @VinhNguyen-lb1ux 3 роки тому

    Ông này viết ngược luôn ghê vch :)) respect!

  • @Akashphs7217
    @Akashphs7217 9 місяців тому

    please help me with this, why for a 10 sec audio, n=4.4x 1000000. what basically 'n' is?

  • @datmeme8967
    @datmeme8967 3 роки тому

    FFT, how about that FHT (Fast Handwriting Transform)??? Can you reveal that algorithm?

    • @supernovaw39
      @supernovaw39 Рік тому

      probably called mirroring or vertical inversion of video :D

  • @Beatsbasteln
    @Beatsbasteln Рік тому

    Gauß was majorly underestimating his own work

  • @SaccoBelmonte
    @SaccoBelmonte 9 місяців тому

    T-Pain owes his career to FFT

  • @TheMEotaku
    @TheMEotaku 3 роки тому

    If you can right in reverse, you can explain the Fourier transform.

  • @hlmco
    @hlmco 7 місяців тому

    Karl Friedrich Gauss must have been, no doubt, one of the smartest men who ever walked the earth. Absolute genius.

  • @ceeb830
    @ceeb830 10 місяців тому +1

    I thought the complexity of FFT was n*log2(n) not with a base of 10?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  10 місяців тому

      You can go between log in any bases by multiplying with a constant. So log2(n) = log2(10)*log10(n)

    • @ceeb830
      @ceeb830 10 місяців тому +1

      @@Eigensteve but you have no constant in front of the log(n) term in the video. Is the constant just ignored because it is a complexity formula?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  10 місяців тому

      @@ceeb830 That's right, we usually drop the constant, since we are just interested in how the trend scales for large n

  • @IbadassI
    @IbadassI 2 роки тому

    So he's left handed, can you figure out how I figured it out?

  • @AMENTALL1Z4RD
    @AMENTALL1Z4RD 3 роки тому

    I was watching a video of a kid drinking a bottle of Gatorade through a toilet paper roll straw. How did I end up here?

  • @a51raider
    @a51raider 3 роки тому

    idek what ur talking about but nice video!

  • @shaaoux5590
    @shaaoux5590 Рік тому

    So this is just an introduction of FFT? Well I was hoping for learning the details and implementation.

    • @shaaoux5590
      @shaaoux5590 Рік тому

      Never mind. Found the next video

  • @cking9145
    @cking9145 2 роки тому

    Did he really write mirrored on glass better than I write normal on paper?

  • @GuilherHast
    @GuilherHast 2 роки тому

    Isn't it O(n(n+1))?

  • @jakublizon6375
    @jakublizon6375 Рік тому

    Hardware is the physics. Software is the math.

  • @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835
    @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835 3 роки тому

    That's logN base 2, not base 10. So for n=1000 we'd get logN = 10

    • @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835
      @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835 2 роки тому

      @Michael Smith I don't have an idea what you're talking about?!

  • @kraftrad7840
    @kraftrad7840 2 роки тому

    Gauss was a freak

  • @brianmcmullen95
    @brianmcmullen95 3 роки тому

    Left handed

  • @mandynichols3957
    @mandynichols3957 3 роки тому

    fft batch

  • @mandynichols3957
    @mandynichols3957 3 роки тому

    bff2873

  • @electricaladhd4237
    @electricaladhd4237 Місяць тому

    Don’t watch. He doesn’t explain the FFT.

  • @mohamadhamoudy8232
    @mohamadhamoudy8232 4 роки тому +3

    Please Prof. Steve Brunton
    kindly we need video lectures on the wavelet transform , DWT , CWT , etc , thanks and best regards