After the war, the surviving Japanese Naval Air Command officer's were questioned about their side of the war. They were able to tell almost to the day when proximity fuses were introduced into the Pacific theater, based solely on their losses. They knew something had changed, but not what. Ironically, that was one of the things that lead to them adopting the kamakazi tactics towards the end of the war....
Japanese pilots, at least the ones who survived, began to report that American shells were consistently exploding within 50-100 feet of their aircraft, something which they had never experienced before.
This was such an important innovation. The Japanese were astonished at the shoot down rates of the Kamaikaze whihc they expected to be much more effect based on their own experience and trials. This 'could' have changed the price paid for island hopping if more ships were sunk or put out of action. Similar in England with V1 where so few go through that the impact was a fraction of the potential.
Another article about the proximity fuze in the Pacific theater stated that the kill rate of Japanese Kamikaze aircraft was about 90 percent by using this electronic device. The sensitivity range was supposed to be about a 50 to 70 foot radius around the tiny antenna.
This is so interesting, this could’ve been a megaproject. Now this technology is used, amongst other things, to trigger our traffic lights. Yay science!
Yeah, the tragic tale of the Mk.14 is definitely worth a video. Not enough awareness about them amongst thw WW2 nerd community. Let alone general awareness.
The submarine force wanted the VT fuze for use against wooden vessels and picket boats but the surface fleet refused to give it to the subs since they frequently operated close to enemy territory they didn't want to risk a shell making it into enemy hands. As you mentioned.
One of the most important things that happened during the war. Only second to the atom bomb and radar. Some even said it was more important at the time. I very much hope that all of you have seen the episode by “curious droid“ on his UA-cam channel. Dude is wonderful and understands the stuff on a deep level. And he’s wonderful to listen to. His proximity fuse video is golden
The most impressive part of it's design is the durability. 1940s radars(which is what it was really) were not known to be durable yet they made it able to withstand being fired.
OK---------- The Problem with the Proximity Fuse was that most Gunnery Officers had no confidence in the shell and preferred the standard timed or altitude detonation shell. The first Proximity shells were unreliable and since they did not detonate unless they actually passed near an aircraft so the sky was not filled with explosions making the Officers think they were malfunctioning. So by the time they became over 90% reliable in late 44, far too Many Gunnery officers refused to use them on their ships. Which was responsible for many of the worst ship disasters of the war allowing Komakazy planes to get through sinking picket destroyers and even half the Carriers hit killing hundreds of crewmen and pilots on plane-filled decks, putting them out of action until the War Ended. But they were instrumental in stopping the Germans in the Battle of the Bulge as the most famous example.
I saw an interview with a WW2 German soldier that fought at the battle of the Bulge where he told of the destruction these shells had and foxholes were no protection.The air burst shells were devastating on the Germans
Fascinating! I had never thought about just how WWII weaponry worked. My family was never much on history OR military tech... I honestly thought the first "smart bombs" were used in Kuwait! It makes so much good sense that they'd need such sensing capabilities on artillery though. The movies always make it look like some guy is really taking down a Spitfire with a machine gun or some other nonsense.
@@owenshebbeare2999 As I already said I'm definitely not knowledgeable about military things, but the film I'm thinking of showed one man with a machine gun on the ground, killing a Spitfire. Now I'm not going to say that's impossible, but until this video I didn't realize just HOW unlikely such a thing would be.
They suffered pretty badly even prior to the proximity fuse as well...American artillery had already established itself as the greatest killing machine of the war. TOT was another American innovation years before.
My grandfather, Julian Davidson , was recruited out of his classes at MIT to work at Wheeler and John’s-Hopkins to design the radio proximity fuse for the atomic bomb.
Simon, another job well done! Been a fan of yours for years. I'm a history buff and your my favorite presenter. Not only do you present the info in detail but your style is very entertaining. I appreciate your dry wit and the patina of British aristocratic condescension....lol.
14:45 Lots of errors (as usual), but one stands out: Of course Germany used proximity fuses, one example would be the _Luftminen,_ air-dropped naval mines with magnetic, acoustic and pressure sensors.
Awesome video as always, but I'd like to note a small mistake in the beginning of the video: Variable Time fuse is not a proximity fuse - this is a different approach/technology to solving the same problem.V-T fuse is detonating the shell at specified time after the launch. "Variable" means that the fuse has some mechanism to control this time in contrast to having different fuses pre-set for different times(ranges). German flak 88s used the shells with such fuses and there was a magnetic device made to set the variable time in the fuse for a specified range. The effect was those black flak explosions at specified altitude all around the place that you see in movies depicting bombing raids, but those weren't proximity fuses. This was better approach than simple timed fuse because having multiple fuses for specified ranges wasn't economical or optimal for carrying those and such constructions for example used split propellant from the shell where the loaders would prepare specified amount of propellant to tweak the shell velocity and effectively match time of detonation, but it wasn't something useful for anti aircraft role, just for artillery barrage.
The term "proximity fuze" was classified, which is why they came up with the term VT or "variable timed." The term was descriptive enough without giving away what the core technology was. Fuzes that detonated at a specific time were simply called "timed fuzes." And yes, I am aware fuze is an archaic spelling and hasn't been used since WW2.
Shit, dude. Promote a cure for gout. I’m in! Do you know what sucks? When it looks like you’re trying to smuggle golf balls under your big toe knuckle. I don’t have any of the normal risk factors; I don’t eat sweet shit, I don’t drink beer, I’m not diabetic and I’m thin and strong. I just have the dreaded family history. Find a sponsor for this shit, because it’s extremely painful and apparently rather common.
explain the mercury switch and how it worked as well as the self destruct mechanism if no target was recognized thank you this had so many miniature mechanisms to provide safety can you expand those considerations
Maybe a video on the early air to air missiles like the Hercules? I think, the one with a miniature nuclear warhead from the F-106 Delta Dart and the legendary Phoenix of the F-14 could be nice.
Simon, could you guys please do a video on LED bulbs, and estimates of how much power has been saved by their use vs. natural population and development growth? It seems prescient; Incandescents are about to be made illegal in the US.
I love the content, been watching Simon channels for a long time and will continue to do so. But the background music during speech is extremely distracting, especially around the 6:00 mark. Please consider turning it down or just getting rid of it.
Germany was a little apprehensive and critical of magnetic detonators since their interwar studies and tests revealed that their effectiveness could vary drastically depending on where it was used in relationship to the earths magnetic field. The farther away from the equator or poles they got the worse the results. So they would opt to use other means of making a warhead go bang. Benefit of a mine is it is stationary(unless the anchor parted) so the performance of the magnetic detonator was much more predictable.
I keep hearing about British and American War invention that are almost identical. It's too many to be a coincidence. I wonder if there was a program that "leaked" information on purpose to drive this behavior. In the shadows might find this interesting. Thanks for the show today.
@@bob_the_bomb4508No, it was an American invention developed by Bell Labs and John Hopkins University. The British had a bunch of dead ends that weren't used in the final product
I hate to be "that guy", but at 13:52 you make a statement that the VT fuse was the first to take down an aircraft without actually hitting its target. This isn't accurate as most ground-based anti-aircraft fire of the era relied on air-burst shrapnel, albeit highly inaccurate, to destroy enemy aircraft. Prior to the VT fuse, shells were generally contact fused or mechanically timed (MT) fuses. The former weren't typically used for anti-aircraft work unless you were desperate, and the latter relied on gunners to estimate their target's altitude and set a delay on the shell fuses; after reaching what the gunners thought was the right height (or more specifically after passing a certain amount of time after firing), the fuse would detonate the shell. The clouds of flak that often filled the skies during an aerial engagement were air-burst shells that were never hit their intended targets, even though they relied on "dumb" fuses. Having accurate radar improved the effectiveness of MT fuses, but they where never anywhere near as effective as VT fuses. The VT / Variable Timed nomenclature was part of the cover story to keep the technology involved a secret; it was thought that anyone hearing the name would just assume that it was a better mechanical timer. I work at APL testing what are, effectively, the great-grandchildren of the VT fuse. Fascinating stuff. Thank you for highlighting our contributions. :)
Proximity fuses were used for the first time on artillery (in Europe) at Bastonge. Until then it was strictly used in anti-aircraft, mostly in the Pacific. Thd Japanese stated that the American anti-aircraft was the deal breaker in most of the Naval engagements.
The Brits contributed very little to the development. Most (not much of) if not all of the work was done at Bell Labs and JHU since the brits had dead ends that were never used. So no, it didnt "incorporate certian elements"
To be fair, British did came up with idea but Americans perfected it with their own technology. If they're gonna be mad the American version is better than British, then that's their ego problem.
Megaproject, not 'side project.' Excellent video 📹 When the USA 🇺🇸 entered the war two years , they benefited from the British experience. They knew that 75mm tanks, Merlin engined mustang, advanced radar, jet engine, proximity fuses and later atomic secrets, was the minimum. But American historians disguise these thing.
The brits didn't begin fighting until a little over year before the US entered the war, the brits did not have 75mm guns on their tanks before the Americans... the brits were using already outdated tanks with 40mm guns
The Merlin engine in the Mustang was a heavily modified and improved Packard variant of the engine built in America. To the point that it was an American engine
The US was already working on jet engine designs before the tizzard mission and developed the axial flow turbojet engine which was the standard until the 1980s. The J37 engine also had afterburners which are standard on combat jets since the 1950s.
Just so you know, there's a difference between "Fuse" and "Fuze" - In this case, we want "Fuze" FUSE: Cord or tube for the transmission of flame or explosion usually consisting of cord or rope with gunpowder or high explosive spun into it. FUZE: A device with explosive components designed to initiate a main charge.
Get Surfshark VPN at Surfshark.deals/sideprojects - Enter promo code SIDEPROJECTS for 83% off and 3 extra months for free!
Don't believe Simon! He really only uses it to watch the Hobbit in raw 8K, not the Mission Impossible movies!
OGBB!
I don't mean to be picky but shouldn't "revolutionising" just be "revolving"?
After the war, the surviving Japanese Naval Air Command officer's were questioned about their side of the war. They were able to tell almost to the day when proximity fuses were introduced into the Pacific theater, based solely on their losses. They knew something had changed, but not what. Ironically, that was one of the things that lead to them adopting the kamakazi tactics towards the end of the war....
Japanese pilots, at least the ones who survived, began to report that American shells were consistently exploding within 50-100 feet of their aircraft, something which they had never experienced before.
This was such an important innovation. The Japanese were astonished at the shoot down rates of the Kamaikaze whihc they expected to be much more effect based on their own experience and trials. This 'could' have changed the price paid for island hopping if more ships were sunk or put out of action.
Similar in England with V1 where so few go through that the impact was a fraction of the potential.
Like you know so much about KAMAKAZEE SUIKI TISHIBA
I though the V1 issue was an amount of sabotage by the forced labour making them
Another article about the proximity fuze in the Pacific theater stated that the kill rate of Japanese Kamikaze aircraft was about 90 percent by using this electronic device. The sensitivity range was supposed to be about a 50 to 70 foot radius around the tiny antenna.
This is so interesting, this could’ve been a megaproject. Now this technology is used, amongst other things, to trigger our traffic lights. Yay science!
Well done. Perhaps a side project on devices that didn't win the war? I'm looking at you, mark 14 torpedo...
I mean, they were fixed. Eventually….
Be careful. I hear that if one even mentions that piece of crap, it could summon the ghost of Admiral Ernest "Semper Iratus" King. XD
STG 44 was probably the most influential small arms development of the war, still didn’t help one bit.
@@andrewgause6971 Yes, Drachinifel did a video on each one. Which I know you know since Semper Iratus is in the title of the one on Adm. King!
Yeah, the tragic tale of the Mk.14 is definitely worth a video. Not enough awareness about them amongst thw WW2 nerd community. Let alone general awareness.
The submarine force wanted the VT fuze for use against wooden vessels and picket boats but the surface fleet refused to give it to the subs since they frequently operated close to enemy territory they didn't want to risk a shell making it into enemy hands. As you mentioned.
One of the most important things that happened during the war. Only second to the atom bomb and radar. Some even said it was more important at the time.
I very much hope that all of you have seen the episode by “curious droid“ on his UA-cam channel. Dude is wonderful and understands the stuff on a deep level. And he’s wonderful to listen to. His proximity fuse video is golden
The most impressive part of it's design is the durability. 1940s radars(which is what it was really) were not known to be durable yet they made it able to withstand being fired.
1:05 - Chapter 1 - Background
5:20 - Chapter 2 - Development
8:35 - Mid roll ads
10:20 - Chapter 3 - Improvements & controversy
12:00 - Chapter 4 - Deployment
14:05 - Chapter 5 - Other sensors types
OK---------- The Problem with the Proximity Fuse was that most Gunnery Officers had no confidence in the shell and preferred the standard timed or altitude detonation shell. The first Proximity shells were unreliable and since they did not detonate unless they actually passed near an aircraft so the sky was not filled with explosions making the Officers think they were malfunctioning. So by the time they became over 90% reliable in late 44, far too Many Gunnery officers refused to use them on their ships. Which was responsible for many of the worst ship disasters of the war allowing Komakazy planes to get through sinking picket destroyers and even half the Carriers hit killing hundreds of crewmen and pilots on plane-filled decks, putting them out of action until the War Ended. But they were instrumental in stopping the Germans in the Battle of the Bulge as the most famous example.
I saw an interview with a WW2 German soldier that fought at the battle of the Bulge where he told of the destruction these shells had and foxholes were no protection.The air burst shells were devastating on the Germans
Fascinating! I had never thought about just how WWII weaponry worked. My family was never much on history OR military tech... I honestly thought the first "smart bombs" were used in Kuwait! It makes so much good sense that they'd need such sensing capabilities on artillery though. The movies always make it look like some guy is really taking down a Spitfire with a machine gun or some other nonsense.
Not nonsense, machins guns and small cannon were respinsible for most air-to-air kills in WW2.
@@owenshebbeare2999 As I already said I'm definitely not knowledgeable about military things, but the film I'm thinking of showed one man with a machine gun on the ground, killing a Spitfire. Now I'm not going to say that's impossible, but until this video I didn't realize just HOW unlikely such a thing would be.
The idea on taking down a plane was to try to explode under the expected location of the plane - getting the fuel tanks always helped
The Germans were slaughtered by artillery after these were released for use during the battle of the bulge.
They suffered pretty badly even prior to the proximity fuse as well...American artillery had already established itself as the greatest killing machine of the war. TOT was another American innovation years before.
You should do a video on the Cavity Magnetron and the huge impact this had on the Allies winning the war especially in the ships and then aircraft.
Future video idea: the M9 fire-control computer you mentioned at 11:45.
My grandfather, Julian Davidson , was recruited out of his classes at MIT to work at Wheeler and John’s-Hopkins to design the radio proximity fuse for the atomic bomb.
you don't say... hmmmmm
That makes no sense. The A-bombs were ALTITUDE detonated. Why would they need a proximity fuse ?
Simon, another job well done! Been a fan of yours for years. I'm a history buff and your my favorite presenter. Not only do you present the info in detail but your style is very entertaining. I appreciate your dry wit and the patina of British aristocratic condescension....lol.
My dad talked about the proximity in hushed tones and a sense of awe. A fantastic achievement of management, creativity, and secrecy .
Thanks Simon and the gang
14:45 Lots of errors (as usual), but one stands out: Of course Germany used proximity fuses, one example would be the _Luftminen,_ air-dropped naval mines with magnetic, acoustic and pressure sensors.
The Proximity Fuse is the real world example of fighting against an opponent that has aimbot enabled.
As always, great video
Awesome video as always, but I'd like to note a small mistake in the beginning of the video: Variable Time fuse is not a proximity fuse - this is a different approach/technology to solving the same problem.V-T fuse is detonating the shell at specified time after the launch. "Variable" means that the fuse has some mechanism to control this time in contrast to having different fuses pre-set for different times(ranges). German flak 88s used the shells with such fuses and there was a magnetic device made to set the variable time in the fuse for a specified range. The effect was those black flak explosions at specified altitude all around the place that you see in movies depicting bombing raids, but those weren't proximity fuses. This was better approach than simple timed fuse because having multiple fuses for specified ranges wasn't economical or optimal for carrying those and such constructions for example used split propellant from the shell where the loaders would prepare specified amount of propellant to tweak the shell velocity and effectively match time of detonation, but it wasn't something useful for anti aircraft role, just for artillery barrage.
The term "proximity fuze" was classified, which is why they came up with the term VT or "variable timed." The term was descriptive enough without giving away what the core technology was. Fuzes that detonated at a specific time were simply called "timed fuzes." And yes, I am aware fuze is an archaic spelling and hasn't been used since WW2.
Great video I always wondered about these things
Curious Droid does a good rundown of these too
Comercial ends at 00:12, 10:14
Great video as ever.
Good video 👍
Oh hell yea! Bringing in the heat for the new year! Love it, fact boy!
Learn something new with each video. How on earth do you have time for all these channels?
Simone actually consist of 9 gnomes, all controlling a respective channel and working 24/7 to release content
And when you combine proximity fuses with a time on target artillery barrage - mayhem ensues
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_On_Target
155mm M982 Excalibur
Huh. I had always wondered how these things worked.
Yet another channel i did not know Simon worked on. Just how many channels does this man work on?
Yes
@britishfreecorps13 Oh wow i didnt know that, thanks!
Lol still says business blaze... when Simon says he'll forget to put something below, believe it he will forget.
AN EMPIRE OF CHANNELS....
Pretty sure it's like 12, now.
VT comes from the fact it was Project V of Section T of the National Defense Research Council
Shit, dude.
Promote a cure for gout.
I’m in!
Do you know what sucks? When it looks like you’re trying to smuggle golf balls under your big toe knuckle.
I don’t have any of the normal risk factors; I don’t eat sweet shit, I don’t drink beer, I’m not diabetic and I’m thin and strong. I just have the dreaded family history.
Find a sponsor for this shit, because it’s extremely painful and apparently rather common.
Gout is hell omw
I too saw Curious Droid's video on this subject a few months back.
explain the mercury switch and how it worked as well as the self destruct mechanism if no target was recognized thank you this had so many miniature mechanisms to provide safety can you expand those considerations
This has a mega project vibe :)
any other kind of vibes?
Maybe a video on the early air to air missiles like the Hercules? I think, the one with a miniature nuclear warhead from the F-106 Delta Dart and the legendary Phoenix of the F-14 could be nice.
Alright! You got JHU's name right...Well done, you Big Brain!!
Funfact: proximity fuses were introduced at the end of 1944 when the war was already won anyway.
"sponsor skipped" music to my eyes. Great video!
There's been a Baldy on Baldy - Curious Droid beat you to this one, over 6 months ago. Be quicker, Face Rug Fact Boi!
I would have actually liked to know they actually worked. The video was a bit of a let down but still the history around it was quite interesting.
Nothing beats a good book when it comes to anything like this.
Brilliant as always if you could do one on the fortresses that are out in the Humber estuary it would be great
Simon, could you guys please do a video on LED bulbs, and estimates of how much power has been saved by their use vs. natural population and development growth? It seems prescient; Incandescents are about to be made illegal in the US.
Interesting!
I love the content, been watching Simon channels for a long time and will continue to do so. But the background music during speech is extremely distracting, especially around the 6:00 mark. Please consider turning it down or just getting rid of it.
I always wonder how many random people just died from missed shots coming back down.
Curious Droid did an episode about this subject last year...
2,000 RPM for a fired shell? I'm pretty sure cannons spin shells at better than 100,000 RPM.
Germany had one production prox fuze, their magnetic influence sea mines.
Germany was a little apprehensive and critical of magnetic detonators since their interwar studies and tests revealed that their effectiveness could vary drastically depending on where it was used in relationship to the earths magnetic field. The farther away from the equator or poles they got the worse the results. So they would opt to use other means of making a warhead go bang. Benefit of a mine is it is stationary(unless the anchor parted) so the performance of the magnetic detonator was much more predictable.
That's not a proximity fuze, it's just a magnetic mine
I keep hearing about British and American War invention that are almost identical. It's too many to be a coincidence. I wonder if there was a program that "leaked" information on purpose to drive this behavior. In the shadows might find this interesting. Thanks for the show today.
This was a British invention passed to the Americans.
Yes. Look up the "Tizard Mission". The British sent Henry Tizard to the USA with all their military secrets in a locked box.
@@bob_the_bomb4508No, it was an American invention developed by Bell Labs and John Hopkins University. The British had a bunch of dead ends that weren't used in the final product
@@WaukWarrior360 next you’ll be telling us that the Americans discovered an enigma machine on U 571
Actually shells spin at 20,000-50,000 rpm, not 2000rpm.
isn't there already a simon video about the proximity fuse?
could have sworn I've heard simon talk about this before...
Curious Droid did an excellent video in May - ua-cam.com/video/N0SgC78YFPc/v-deo.html
@@LesDexia13 maybe that's what I'm thinking of
Apparently there’s some gmaws out there that can run you through a proximity fuse!
radar intelligence and the proximity fuse.
The technical term is accuracy though volume 😂
My favorite episode
Revolutionary! Hmmmm 🧐😊👍
The Tizzard Mission sounds like it should involve Snoop somehow...
I hate to be "that guy", but at 13:52 you make a statement that the VT fuse was the first to take down an aircraft without actually hitting its target.
This isn't accurate as most ground-based anti-aircraft fire of the era relied on air-burst shrapnel, albeit highly inaccurate, to destroy enemy aircraft.
Prior to the VT fuse, shells were generally contact fused or mechanically timed (MT) fuses. The former weren't typically used for anti-aircraft work unless you were desperate, and the latter relied on gunners to estimate their target's altitude and set a delay on the shell fuses; after reaching what the gunners thought was the right height (or more specifically after passing a certain amount of time after firing), the fuse would detonate the shell. The clouds of flak that often filled the skies during an aerial engagement were air-burst shells that were never hit their intended targets, even though they relied on "dumb" fuses. Having accurate radar improved the effectiveness of MT fuses, but they where never anywhere near as effective as VT fuses.
The VT / Variable Timed nomenclature was part of the cover story to keep the technology involved a secret; it was thought that anyone hearing the name would just assume that it was a better mechanical timer.
I work at APL testing what are, effectively, the great-grandchildren of the VT fuse. Fascinating stuff. Thank you for highlighting our contributions. :)
Proximity fuses were used for the first time on artillery (in Europe) at Bastonge. Until then it was strictly used in anti-aircraft, mostly in the Pacific. Thd Japanese stated that the American anti-aircraft was the deal breaker in most of the Naval engagements.
I didn't know Britain bombed itself during the Blitz 3:39 :p
Pretty much all nations that conducted bombing raids bombed the homeland at some point, usually accidentally.
I wonder how much Britain is currently owed in royalty fees from countries that stole patented technology.
So what does said "Proximity Fuse" do and does my phone have one?
And it's analog tech...
The VT Fuze meets my definition of a killer robot. It make the final decision to kill.
Hello surfshark
UA-cam should just assume that I will click like on any Simon Whistler video. Since I always do!
Curious Driod beat you to this subject fact boi! More informative too. Up your game bro. Lol
It's baldy on baldy.
Please upload your content to Ruble
All artillery and bomb fuzes are spelled fuze. Fuse is an electrical safety device
Here's a joke;
Germans and japanese: "everybody acting nazi and imperials until the sky *speaks in english* "
A device that didn't win us then war. But made dam sure we wasn't going to lose it.
Its really crazy to think that missiles were really the choice weapon for such an amazing device, but shells it was.
Designed in Britain, totally not stolen by any means by murika... :P
oh boy.
if only the axis had the proximity fuse.
Can you do the history of The Thunderbirds?
And NO, not the God damn show......
Then we will come on land sea and air
The Brits contributed very little to the development. Most (not much of) if not all of the work was done at Bell Labs and JHU since the brits had dead ends that were never used. So no, it didnt "incorporate certian elements"
I won't lie. The thought of Seagulls getting dusted by AA guns puts a smile on my face. Take that you rats with wings!
To be fair, British did came up with idea but Americans perfected it with their own technology. If they're gonna be mad the American version is better than British, then that's their ego problem.
Megaproject, not 'side project.'
Excellent video 📹
When the USA 🇺🇸 entered the war two years , they benefited from the British experience.
They knew that 75mm tanks, Merlin engined mustang, advanced radar, jet engine, proximity fuses and later atomic secrets, was the minimum.
But American historians disguise these thing.
No... brits just like to take more credit than they deserve.
The brits didn't begin fighting until a little over year before the US entered the war, the brits did not have 75mm guns on their tanks before the Americans... the brits were using already outdated tanks with 40mm guns
The Merlin engine in the Mustang was a heavily modified and improved Packard variant of the engine built in America. To the point that it was an American engine
The US was already working on jet engine designs before the tizzard mission and developed the axial flow turbojet engine which was the standard until the 1980s. The J37 engine also had afterburners which are standard on combat jets since the 1950s.
Radar was developed in the US, UK and Germany around the same time.America had about the same level of advanced Radar as the brits prior to the war.
Just so you know, there's a difference between "Fuse" and "Fuze" - In this case, we want "Fuze" FUSE: Cord or tube for the transmission of flame or explosion usually consisting of cord or rope with gunpowder or high explosive spun into it. FUZE: A device with explosive components designed to initiate a main charge.
Factboy you love money, how much for a personal episode for only me? 😂
i love that the americans tried to claim this innovation as one of theyre own, typical.
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So Americans claimed an invention they didn't invent again.
Your head looks ….. disproportional to your body….only in this video. I think it’s your outfit and the background. …love your content……..
that is all.
Like all your videos - too much vane talking head, and a lack of topic visuals
first
Overpowered bullshit ammo. Nerf pls.
Meow
Purr
Dopler
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